THE UNRELENTING HORROR OF the NIH API

This code should get you started with downloading data from the NIH API. I told you it was tricky! This omits the include_fields option and downloads all the data for the University of Idaho and Boise State University from Fiscal Year 2013 to Fiscal Year 2024.

You should be able to modify this to get the rest of what you want. When you look at the data frame (projects_df), you’ll notice that some columns contain multiple entries and their values say something like 2 variables. This is hierarchical data left over from the transition between json and a tidy dataframe. You are probably going to need one or more of those columns. Try to figure out how to get that information.

# Load required libraries
library(httr)
library(jsonlite)

Warning: package 'jsonlite' was built under R version 4.2.3

library(dplyr)

Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.2.3

Attaching package: 'dplyr'

The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

    filter, lag

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

# Set the base URL for the API
base_url <- "https://api.reporter.nih.gov/v2/projects/search"


# Build query parameters
query_params <- list(
  criteria = list(
    fiscal_years = 2013:2024, # Specify range of fiscal years
    org_names = list("UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO", "BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY")),
  offset = 0, # Starting point for fetching results.  Unlikely you'd ever want to change this.
  limit = 500, # Maximum number of results to fetch. Sometimes the API sets a maximum.  NIH does not.
  sort_field = "ProjectStartDate", # Field to sort by.  Largely irrelevant as our visualizations should control this.
  sort_order = "desc" # Sort order
)

# Convert query parameters to JSON format. This part is tricky.  This line converts the list above to a format (json) that the API will recognize.  This is a place where Python is way better than R.
query_json <- toJSON(query_params, auto_unbox = TRUE, null = "null", pretty = TRUE)

# Set header information for the request.  Some instructions to the API about our query.
headers <- c("Content-Type" = "application/json")

# Send a POST request and retrieve response data.  POST is just a type of API interaction.  response is a json object.  Click on it in your environment to see the hierarchical structure.

response <- POST(base_url, body = query_json, encode = "json", httr::add_headers(.headers = headers))

# Check if the request was successful.  Sometimes the error is from our code.  But sometimes it is from the API call.  Status codes help us figure out where any problems might be.
if (status_code(response) == 200) {
  # Extract and parse JSON data
  json_data <- content(response, as = "text", encoding = "UTF-8")
  parsed_data <- fromJSON(json_data, flatten = TRUE)
  
  # Select columns based on the actual JSON data structure. The data frame (technically the tibble) we want is in the results component.  click on parsed_data and you'll see what I mean.
  projects_df <- parsed_data$results
  

  
  # Print the data frame.  This is nice for debugging but you'll eventually want to stop doing this.
  print(projects_df)
} else {
  # Print an error message if data fetching failed
  print(paste("Failed to fetch data: Status code", status_code(response)))
  # Print the full response for debugging purposes
  print(content(response, as = "text"))
}

     appl_id subproject_id fiscal_year         project_num project_serial_num
1   10770788          <NA>        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
2   10770790          7854        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
3   10770792          7856        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
4   10770793          7857        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
5   10770794          7858        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
6   10770789          7853        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
7   10770791          7855        2024     1P20GM152304-01           GM152304
8   10794448          <NA>        2023     1R01GM152736-01           GM152736
9   10714711          <NA>        2023   1T34GM142620-01A1           GM142620
10  10664776          <NA>        2023     1R25GM150142-01           GM150142
11  10557615          8941        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
12  10557619          8945        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
13  10557617          8943        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
14  10557613          <NA>        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
15  10557616          8942        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
16  10557614          8940        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
17  10557618          8944        2023     1P20GM148321-01           GM148321
18  10811882          6850        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
19  10578301          <NA>        2023     1R15HL167130-01           HL167130
20  10796330          5280        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
21  10645548          <NA>        2023     1R21AI175749-01           AI175749
22  10767341          <NA>        2024     5R21AI175749-02           AI175749
23  10731325          7555        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
24  10729124          <NA>        2019     7R15NS107743-02           NS107743
25  10579520          <NA>        2022     1R15GM148920-01           GM148920
26  10784999          <NA>        2023   3R15GM148920-01S1           GM148920
27  10573072          <NA>        2022     1R03NS130141-01           NS130141
28  10513527          <NA>        2022     1R15HL165397-01           HL165397
29  10679076          <NA>        2023     5R01AI165481-02           AI165481
30  10515589          <NA>        2022   1R01AI165481-01A1           AI165481
31  10431500          <NA>        2022     1S10OD032354-01           OD032354
32  10674997          <NA>        2023     5T34GM146634-02           GM146634
33  10496267          <NA>        2022     1T34GM146634-01           GM146634
34  10629500          5764        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
35  10438068          <NA>        2022     1R15CA271157-01           CA271157
36  10452423          <NA>        2021   3R15AR075314-01S1           AR075314
37  10194138          <NA>        2021     1R21EB031257-01           EB031257
38  10449373          <NA>        2022     5R21AI163870-02           AI163870
39  10289946          <NA>        2021     1R21AI163870-01           AI163870
40  10202324          <NA>        2021     1R15GM141770-01           GM141770
41  10582369          <NA>        2022   3R15GM141770-01S1           GM141770
42  10370396          <NA>        2022     5R21MH126076-02           MH126076
43  10188231          <NA>        2021     1R21MH126076-01           MH126076
44  10221688          <NA>        2021     5R01EY030467-02           EY030467
45  10688190          <NA>        2023     5R01EY030467-04           EY030467
46   9965610          <NA>        2020   1R15CA242471-01A1           CA242471
47  10478861          <NA>        2022     5R01EY030467-03           EY030467
48  10232104          <NA>        2021     5F31EY031962-02           EY031962
49  10068855          <NA>        2020     1F31EY031962-01           EY031962
50  10456801          <NA>        2022     5F31EY031962-03           EY031962
51   9969006          <NA>        2020   1R01EY030467-01A1           EY030467
52  10053210          <NA>        2020   1R01NS110934-01A1           NS110934
53  10397156          <NA>        2022     5R01NS110934-03           NS110934
54  10609845          <NA>        2023     5R01NS110934-04           NS110934
55  10206277          <NA>        2021     5R01NS110934-02           NS110934
56  10829798          <NA>        2024     5R01AG059923-05           AG059923
57  10116244          <NA>        2021     5R01AG059923-02           AG059923
58  10355514          <NA>        2022     5R01AG059923-03           AG059923
59   9888146          <NA>        2020   1R01AG059923-01A1           AG059923
60  10548349          <NA>        2022   3R01AG059923-03S1           AG059923
61  10237039          <NA>        2021 3R01AG059923-01A1S1           AG059923
62  10559581          <NA>        2023     5R01AG059923-04           AG059923
63   9813198          <NA>        2020     1R15GM134501-01           GM134501
64  10018926          <NA>        2020     5R01GM127675-02           GM127675
65  10241422          <NA>        2021     5R01GM127675-03           GM127675
66  10405217          <NA>        2021   3R01GM127675-03S1           GM127675
67  10670003          <NA>        2022   3R01GM127675-04S1           GM127675
68   9740900          <NA>        2019   1R01GM127675-01A1           GM127675
69  10458059          <NA>        2022     5R01GM127675-04           GM127675
70  10431882          <NA>        2022     5R01EY030067-04           EY030067
71   9708891          <NA>        2019     1R01EY030067-01           EY030067
72  10186757          <NA>        2021     5R01EY030067-03           EY030067
73   9970502          <NA>        2020     5R01EY030067-02           EY030067
74  10653155          <NA>        2023     5R01EY030067-05           EY030067
75   9732282          <NA>        2019     1R15AR075314-01           AR075314
76  10405594          <NA>        2022     5R01MH119127-04           MH119127
77   9713959          <NA>        2019     1R01MH119127-01           MH119127
78  10265809          <NA>        2021   3R01MH119127-02S1           MH119127
79  10166946          <NA>        2021     5R01MH119127-03           MH119127
80  10497472          <NA>        2022   3R01MH119127-04S1           MH119127
81   9928129          <NA>        2020     5R01MH119127-02           MH119127
82   9716140          <NA>        2019     1R01NS111283-01           NS111283
83   9901616          <NA>        2020     5R01NS111283-02           NS111283
84   9833485          <NA>        2020     5R21AI135691-02           AI135691
85   9669332          <NA>        2019   1R21AI135691-01A1           AI135691
86   9591004          <NA>        2018   1R15AG059655-01A1           AG059655
87   9516325          <NA>        2018   1R15EB024930-01A1           EB024930
88  10206210          <NA>        2021     5R01HD092297-04           HD092297
89   9776590          <NA>        2019     5R01HD092297-02           HD092297
90   9970508          <NA>        2020     5R01HD092297-03           HD092297
91   9572627          <NA>        2018   1R01HD092297-01A1           HD092297
92  10449210          <NA>        2022     5R01HD092297-05           HD092297
93  10394631          <NA>        2021   3K01ES028745-03S1           ES028745
94   9983683          <NA>        2020     5K01ES028745-03           ES028745
95   9772479          <NA>        2019     5K01ES028745-02           ES028745
96   9599382          <NA>        2018   1K01ES028745-01A1           ES028745
97   9673543          <NA>        2018   3R01EY012146-16S1           EY012146
98   9580958          <NA>        2018     1R01AI139503-01           AI139503
99   9982196          <NA>        2020     5R01AI139503-03           AI139503
100 10219059          <NA>        2021     5R01AI139503-04           AI139503
101  9757691          <NA>        2019     5R01AI139503-02           AI139503
102  9456037          <NA>        2018   1R03EB024134-01A1           EB024134
103  9749899          <NA>        2019     5R03EB024134-02           EB024134
104  9727867          <NA>        2019     5R21AA023880-02           AA023880
105  9385671          <NA>        2018   1R21AA023880-01A1           AA023880
106  9703893          <NA>        2019     5R01AI131609-02           AI131609
107  9933795          <NA>        2020     5R01AI131609-03           AI131609
108 10170213          <NA>        2021     5R01AI131609-04           AI131609
109  9457065          <NA>        2018   1R01AI131609-01A1           AI131609
110  9475532          <NA>        2017   3R15NS096702-01S1           NS096702
111  9547452          <NA>        2018     5R25GM123927-02           GM123927
112  9358316          <NA>        2017     1R25GM123927-01           GM123927
113 10193707          <NA>        2020   3R25GM123927-04S1           GM123927
114  9374986          <NA>        2017     1R21EY028297-01           EY028297
115 10252895          <NA>        2021     5R25GM123927-05           GM123927
116  9548269          <NA>        2018     5R21EY028297-02           EY028297
117 10013262          <NA>        2020     5R25GM123927-04           GM123927
118  9770908          <NA>        2019     5R25GM123927-03           GM123927
119  9307507          <NA>        2017     1R03CA216179-01           CA216179
120  9534570          <NA>        2018     5R03CA216179-02           CA216179
121  9377972          <NA>        2017     1R15GM125065-01           GM125065
122 10797983          <NA>        2023 3R15GM123446-02A1S1           GM123446
123 10514845          <NA>        2022   2R15GM123446-02A1           GM123446
124  9305384          <NA>        2017     1R15GM123446-01           GM123446
125  9353421          <NA>        2017     5R21EY026501-02           EY026501
126  9197172          <NA>        2016   1R21EY026501-01A1           EY026501
127  9464889          <NA>        2016     7R56AI118926-02           AI118926
128  9472351          <NA>        2018     5R01GM122079-03           GM122079
129  9690759          <NA>        2019     5R01GM122079-04           GM122079
130  9321401          <NA>        2017     5R01GM122079-02           GM122079
131  9247312          <NA>        2016     1R01GM122079-01           GM122079
132 10583400          <NA>        2023   2R01GM122079-05A1           GM122079
133  9098493          <NA>        2016     1R15NS096702-01           NS096702
134  9251820          <NA>        2017     5R21EY026814-02           EY026814
135  9128303          <NA>        2016     1R21EY026814-01           EY026814
136  9012889          <NA>        2016     1R15GM117323-01           GM117323
137  9119200          <NA>        2015     4R00HG007368-02           HG007368
138  9307590          <NA>        2017     5R00HG007368-04           HG007368
139  9145265          <NA>        2016     5R00HG007368-03           HG007368
140  9302361          <NA>        2017     5U01OH010841-03           OH010841
141  8960772          <NA>        2015   1U01OH010841-01A1           OH010841
142  9113953          <NA>        2016     5U01OH010841-02           OH010841
143  8811794          <NA>        2015   1P20GM104420-01A1           GM104420
144  8811795          5734        2015   1P20GM104420-01A1           GM104420
145  8811798          5737        2015   1P20GM104420-01A1           GM104420
146 10699966          <NA>        2023     5P20GM104420-09           GM104420
147  9414051          <NA>        2018     5P20GM104420-04           GM104420
148 10449993          6778        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
149 10220057          6777        2021     5P20GM104420-07           GM104420
150 10220062          6780        2021     5P20GM104420-07           GM104420
151 10449990          <NA>        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
152 10449992          6777        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
153 10449994          6779        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
154 10220054          <NA>        2021     5P20GM104420-07           GM104420
155 10220059          6778        2021     5P20GM104420-07           GM104420
156 10220061          6779        2021     5P20GM104420-07           GM104420
157  9233164          <NA>        2017     5P20GM104420-03           GM104420
158  8811797          5736        2015   1P20GM104420-01A1           GM104420
159  9034602          <NA>        2016     5P20GM104420-02           GM104420
160  9629703          <NA>        2019     5P20GM104420-05           GM104420
161 10699967          8153        2023     5P20GM104420-09           GM104420
162 10192030          <NA>        2020 3P20GM104420-06A1S1           GM104420
163 10220055          6776        2021     5P20GM104420-07           GM104420
164 10699971          8156        2023     5P20GM104420-09           GM104420
165  8811799          5738        2015   1P20GM104420-01A1           GM104420
166 10026000          <NA>        2020   2P20GM104420-06A1           GM104420
167  8811796          5735        2015   1P20GM104420-01A1           GM104420
168 10449991          6776        2022     5P20GM104420-08           GM104420
169 10854353          <NA>        2023   3P20GM104420-09S1           GM104420
170 10813692          7092        2023     5P20GM104420-09           GM104420
171 10813693          7093        2023     5P20GM104420-09           GM104420
172  8771558          <NA>        2014   1R21DE023924-01A1           DE023924
173  8912441          <NA>        2015     5R21DE023924-02           DE023924
174  8887302          <NA>        2015     5R21AI113617-02           AI113617
175  8771596          <NA>        2014     1R21AI113617-01           AI113617
176  9323143          <NA>        2016   3P20GM109095-03S1           GM109095
177  8653271          7972        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
178 10640905          <NA>        2023     5P20GM109095-10           GM109095
179 10640912          7835        2023     5P20GM109095-10           GM109095
180  9310452          <NA>        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
181  9492734          <NA>        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
182 10415174          7835        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
183 10415177          7838        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
184 10415178          7839        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
185 10226308          7833        2021     5P20GM109095-08           GM109095
186 10226313          7839        2021     5P20GM109095-08           GM109095
187  8653269          7970        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
188  8653270          7971        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
189  8653273          7973        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
190  8653276          7975        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
191  8625918          <NA>        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
192  8898140          <NA>        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
193  9067400          <NA>        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
194 10226310          7835        2021     5P20GM109095-08           GM109095
195  9786629          <NA>        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
196  9983785          7833        2020     5P20GM109095-07           GM109095
197 10594358          <NA>        2022   3P20GM109095-09S1           GM109095
198 10755640          7555        2023     5P20GM109095-10           GM109095
199 10894421          7833        2023   3P20GM109095-10S1           GM109095
200  8653277          7976        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
201 10415172          7833        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
202  9983763          <NA>        2020     5P20GM109095-07           GM109095
203  9983787          7834        2020     5P20GM109095-07           GM109095
204  9983788          7835        2020     5P20GM109095-07           GM109095
205 10397810          <NA>        2021   3P20GM109095-08S1           GM109095
206 10640908          7834        2023     5P20GM109095-10           GM109095
207 10722845          <NA>        2023   3P20GM109095-10S2           GM109095
208  8653275          7974        2014     1P20GM109095-01           GM109095
209 10640906          7833        2023     5P20GM109095-10           GM109095
210 10640926          5764        2023     5P20GM109095-10           GM109095
211  9983791          7838        2020     5P20GM109095-07           GM109095
212  9983792          7839        2020     5P20GM109095-07           GM109095
213 10415171          <NA>        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
214 10415173          7834        2022     5P20GM109095-09           GM109095
215 10226307          <NA>        2021     5P20GM109095-08           GM109095
216 10226309          7834        2021     5P20GM109095-08           GM109095
217 10226312          7838        2021     5P20GM109095-08           GM109095
218 10844074          <NA>        2023   3P20GM109095-10S1           GM109095
219  8639952          <NA>        2014     1S10OD018044-01           OD018044
220  8724040          <NA>        2013     1U79SM061459-01           SM061459
221  8744766          <NA>        2014     5U79SM061459-02           SM061459
222  9474510          <NA>        2017     7R01GM105686-05           GM105686
223  9650047          <NA>        2019   2R15AG042781-02A1           AG042781
224  8488281          <NA>        2013   1R15AG042781-01A1           AG042781
225 10511272          <NA>        2022     2R15AG042781-03           AG042781
226  8643798          <NA>        2014     5P30GM103324-02           GM103324
227  8304605          <NA>        2013     1P30GM103324-01           GM103324
228  9000704          <NA>        2016     4P30GM103324-04           GM103324
229  9213373          <NA>        2017     5P30GM103324-05           GM103324
230  8796191          <NA>        2015     5P30GM103324-03           GM103324
231  9231986          <NA>        2017     2R15GM102852-02           GM102852
232  8728938          <NA>        2014     5K25GM093233-04           GM093233
233  8544479          <NA>        2013     5K25GM093233-03           GM093233
234  8917251          <NA>        2015     5K25GM093233-05           GM093233
235  8527784          <NA>        2013     5R01EY020857-04           EY020857
236  8722560          <NA>        2014     5R01EY020857-05           EY020857
237 10275435          <NA>        2022   3R01AI084918-10S1           AI084918
238  9902314          <NA>        2020     5R01AI084918-08           AI084918
239  9698255          <NA>        2019     5R01AI084918-07           AI084918
240 10395990          <NA>        2022     5R01AI084918-10           AI084918
241  8460564          <NA>        2013     5R01AI084918-04           AI084918
242 10142345          <NA>        2021     5R01AI084918-09           AI084918
243  8644780          <NA>        2014     5R01AI084918-05           AI084918
244  9596895          <NA>        2018   2R01AI084918-06A1           AI084918
245  8460141          <NA>        2013     5R01GM076040-08           GM076040
246  9524543          <NA>        2018     2R01GM076040-10           GM076040
247  8663921          <NA>        2014     5R01GM076040-09           GM076040
248 10130543          <NA>        2021     5R01GM076040-13           GM076040
249  9701213          <NA>        2019     5R01GM076040-11           GM076040
250  9883006          <NA>        2020     5R01GM076040-12           GM076040
251  8384878          <NA>        2013     5R01AI051463-09           AI051463
252  8589573          <NA>        2014     5R01AI051463-10           AI051463
253  9672128          <NA>        2019     2P20GM103408-19           GM103408
254 10164435          <NA>        2020   3P20GM103408-20S1           GM103408
255  8469059          <NA>        2013     5P20GM103408-13           GM103408
256  8670933          <NA>        2014     2P20GM103408-14           GM103408
257 10398092          <NA>        2022     5P20GM103408-22           GM103408
258 10398104          7174        2022     5P20GM103408-22           GM103408
259 10398106          7176        2022     5P20GM103408-22           GM103408
260 10392268          <NA>        2021   3P20GM103408-21S3           GM103408
261 10581617          <NA>        2023     5P20GM103408-23           GM103408
262 10811377          6787        2023   3P20GM103408-23S1           GM103408
263 10851286          <NA>        2023   3P20GM103408-23S4           GM103408
264  9981354          <NA>        2019   3P20GM103408-19S1           GM103408
265 10398105          7175        2022     5P20GM103408-22           GM103408
266 10379717          <NA>        2021   3P20GM103408-21S2           GM103408
267 10379719          <NA>        2021   3P20GM103408-21S1           GM103408
268 10152604          <NA>        2021     5P20GM103408-21           GM103408
269 10152605          7174        2021     5P20GM103408-21           GM103408
270 10152606          7175        2021     5P20GM103408-21           GM103408
271  8856592          <NA>        2015     5P20GM103408-15           GM103408
272 10581618          7174        2023     5P20GM103408-23           GM103408
273 10581625          7176        2023     5P20GM103408-23           GM103408
274 10798667          <NA>        2023   3P20GM103408-23S2           GM103408
275  9061706          <NA>        2016     5P20GM103408-16           GM103408
276  8903019          <NA>        2014   3P20GM103408-14S1           GM103408
277 10581622          7175        2023     5P20GM103408-23           GM103408
278 10152261          <NA>        2020   3P20GM103408-20S2           GM103408
279 10152607          7176        2021     5P20GM103408-21           GM103408
280 10164436          7174        2020   3P20GM103408-20S1           GM103408
281  9908083          <NA>        2020     5P20GM103408-20           GM103408
282  9479689          <NA>        2018     5P20GM103408-18           GM103408
283  9276510          <NA>        2017     5P20GM103408-17           GM103408
284 10715100          <NA>        2023   3P20GM103408-23S3           GM103408
285 10766460          <NA>        2023   3P20GM103408-23S1           GM103408
286 10885755          7174        2023   3P20GM103408-23S4           GM103408
287  8485611          <NA>        2013     5R01EY012146-14           EY012146
288  9473635          <NA>        2018     2R01EY012146-16           EY012146
289  9850259          <NA>        2020     5R01EY012146-18           EY012146
290 10334463          <NA>        2022     5R01EY012146-20           EY012146
291  8987889          <NA>        2015   2R01EY012146-15A1           EY012146
292 10085231          <NA>        2021     5R01EY012146-19           EY012146
293  9634063          <NA>        2019     5R01EY012146-17           EY012146
294  8796193          7938        2015     5P30GM103324-03           GM103324
295  8463788          7938        2013     1P30GM103324-01           GM103324
296  8643800          7938        2014     5P30GM103324-02           GM103324
297  8643801          7939        2014     5P30GM103324-02           GM103324
298  8856600          7054        2015     5P20GM103408-15           GM103408
299 10026001          6776        2020   2P20GM104420-06A1           GM104420
300 10026005          6780        2020   2P20GM104420-06A1           GM104420
301  9479690          7051        2018     5P20GM103408-18           GM103408
302  9034603          5734        2016     5P20GM104420-02           GM104420
303  9061708          7052        2016     5P20GM103408-16           GM103408
304  9310463          7971        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
305  9310464          7972        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
306  9310465          7973        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
307  9310467          7975        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
308  9492736          7970        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
309  9492739          7973        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
310  9492741          7975        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
311  9414057          5735        2018     5P20GM104420-04           GM104420
312  9213374          7937        2017     5P30GM103324-05           GM103324
313  9213377          7939        2017     5P30GM103324-05           GM103324
314  9233166          5734        2017     5P20GM104420-03           GM104420
315  9233168          5736        2017     5P20GM104420-03           GM104420
316  9000705          7937        2016     4P30GM103324-04           GM103324
317  9000708          7939        2016     4P30GM103324-04           GM103324
318  9067404          7973        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
319  9672129          7174        2019     2P20GM103408-19           GM103408
320  9672131          7176        2019     2P20GM103408-19           GM103408
321  9276515          7051        2017     5P20GM103408-17           GM103408
322  9629708          5738        2019     5P20GM104420-05           GM104420
323  9786630          7833        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
324  9786633          7836        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
325  9786635          7838        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
326  8463789          7939        2013     1P30GM103324-01           GM103324
327  8716050          7054        2014     2P20GM103408-14           GM103408
328  8898147          7973        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
329  8898148          7974        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
330  8898149          7975        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
331  9067403          7972        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
332  9067408          7975        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
333  9067409          7976        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
334  9310466          7974        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
335  8796194          7939        2015     5P30GM103324-03           GM103324
336  9034608          5738        2016     5P20GM104420-02           GM104420
337  9061707          7051        2016     5P20GM103408-16           GM103408
338  9034606          5736        2016     5P20GM104420-02           GM104420
339  9629706          5736        2019     5P20GM104420-05           GM104420
340  9327805          7544        2016   3P20GM109095-03S1           GM109095
341  9672132          7177        2019     2P20GM103408-19           GM103408
342  9000707          7938        2016     4P30GM103324-04           GM103324
343  9479691          7052        2018     5P20GM103408-18           GM103408
344  9479692          7053        2018     5P20GM103408-18           GM103408
345  9492737          7971        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
346  9908097          7175        2020     5P20GM103408-20           GM103408
347  8898144          7970        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
348  8898145          7971        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
349  8898150          7976        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
350  9629704          5734        2019     5P20GM104420-05           GM104420
351  9629705          5735        2019     5P20GM104420-05           GM104420
352  9672130          7175        2019     2P20GM103408-19           GM103408
353  9908096          7174        2020     5P20GM103408-20           GM103408
354  9908100          7176        2020     5P20GM103408-20           GM103408
355  9067401          7970        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
356  9067402          7971        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
357  9479693          7054        2018     5P20GM103408-18           GM103408
358  9492738          7972        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
359  9492740          7974        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
360  9492742          7976        2018     5P20GM109095-05           GM109095
361  9414058          5736        2018     5P20GM104420-04           GM104420
362  9414059          5737        2018     5P20GM104420-04           GM104420
363  9414060          5738        2018     5P20GM104420-04           GM104420
364  9233169          5737        2017     5P20GM104420-03           GM104420
365  9233170          5738        2017     5P20GM104420-03           GM104420
366  8716046          7051        2014     2P20GM103408-14           GM103408
367  8716047          7052        2014     2P20GM103408-14           GM103408
368  8716049          7053        2014     2P20GM103408-14           GM103408
369  8796192          7937        2015     5P30GM103324-03           GM103324
370  8856599          7053        2015     5P20GM103408-15           GM103408
371  9786631          7834        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
372 10026003          6778        2020   2P20GM104420-06A1           GM104420
373  9276517          7052        2017     5P20GM103408-17           GM103408
374  9276518          7053        2017     5P20GM103408-17           GM103408
375  9276520          7054        2017     5P20GM103408-17           GM103408
376  9310462          7970        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
377  9310468          7976        2017     5P20GM109095-04           GM109095
378  8643799          7937        2014     5P30GM103324-02           GM103324
379  8856597          7051        2015     5P20GM103408-15           GM103408
380  8856598          7052        2015     5P20GM103408-15           GM103408
381  8463785          7937        2013     1P30GM103324-01           GM103324
382  9034605          5735        2016     5P20GM104420-02           GM104420
383  9034607          5737        2016     5P20GM104420-02           GM104420
384  9061709          7053        2016     5P20GM103408-16           GM103408
385  9061710          7054        2016     5P20GM103408-16           GM103408
386  9414054          5734        2018     5P20GM104420-04           GM104420
387  8898146          7972        2015     5P20GM109095-02           GM109095
388  9233167          5735        2017     5P20GM104420-03           GM104420
389  9629707          5737        2019     5P20GM104420-05           GM104420
390 10026002          6777        2020   2P20GM104420-06A1           GM104420
391 10026004          6779        2020   2P20GM104420-06A1           GM104420
392  9786632          7835        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
393  9786634          7837        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
394  9786636          7839        2019     2P20GM109095-06           GM109095
395  9067406          7974        2016     5P20GM109095-03           GM109095
396  9213376          7938        2017     5P30GM103324-05           GM103324
    award_type activity_code award_amount is_active
1            1           P20      2354626      TRUE
2            1           P20       461621      TRUE
3            1           P20       162320      TRUE
4            1           P20       153322      TRUE
5            1           P20       300000      TRUE
6            1           P20       946131      TRUE
7            1           P20       331232      TRUE
8            1           R01       171789      TRUE
9            1           T34        98616      TRUE
10           1           R25       263413      TRUE
11           1           P20       572853     FALSE
12           1           P20       203323     FALSE
13           1           P20       161346     FALSE
14           1           P20      2018092     FALSE
15           1           P20       192585     FALSE
16           1           P20       725234     FALSE
17           1           P20       162751     FALSE
18           5           P20        34078     FALSE
19           1           R15       408339      TRUE
20           5           P20        64727     FALSE
21           1           R21       217496     FALSE
22           5           R21        12663      TRUE
23           5           P20       140500     FALSE
24           7           R15        72993      TRUE
25           1           R15       408579      TRUE
26           3           R15        94718      TRUE
27           1           R03       150000     FALSE
28           1           R15       408731      TRUE
29           5           R01       544548      TRUE
30           1           R01       556756     FALSE
31           1           S10       233236     FALSE
32           5           T34        65006      TRUE
33           1           T34        65994     FALSE
34           5           P20       131717     FALSE
35           1           R15       395436      TRUE
36           3           R15       113546      TRUE
37           1           R21       530650      TRUE
38           5           R21       181821      TRUE
39           1           R21       217488     FALSE
40           1           R15       402174      TRUE
41           3           R15        52816      TRUE
42           5           R21       117598     FALSE
43           1           R21       302958     FALSE
44           5           R01       359906     FALSE
45           5           R01       359164      TRUE
46           1           R15       406791      TRUE
47           5           R01       348389     FALSE
48           5           F31        36291     FALSE
49           1           F31        35775     FALSE
50           5           F31        26027     FALSE
51           1           R01       357664     FALSE
52           1           R01       328437     FALSE
53           5           R01       330175     FALSE
54           5           R01       330175      TRUE
55           5           R01       330175     FALSE
56           5           R01       252208      TRUE
57           5           R01       378245     FALSE
58           5           R01       280956     FALSE
59           1           R01       281613     FALSE
60           3           R01        72716     FALSE
61           3           R01        24239     FALSE
62           5           R01       280602     FALSE
63           1           R15       412874     FALSE
64           5           R01       282309     FALSE
65           5           R01       282916     FALSE
66           3           R01        55540     FALSE
67           3           R01        61038      TRUE
68           1           R01       280913     FALSE
69           5           R01       285011      TRUE
70           5           R01       287213     FALSE
71           1           R01       331871     FALSE
72           5           R01       292596     FALSE
73           5           R01       307018     FALSE
74           5           R01       290355      TRUE
75           1           R15       393704      TRUE
76           5           R01       488269      TRUE
77           1           R01       699388     FALSE
78           3           R01        76850     FALSE
79           5           R01       764192     FALSE
80           3           R01        64584      TRUE
81           5           R01       657716     FALSE
82           1           R01       346779     FALSE
83           5           R01       328079     FALSE
84           5           R21       181480     FALSE
85           1           R21       218355     FALSE
86           1           R15       409743     FALSE
87           1           R15       362242     FALSE
88           5           R01       443259     FALSE
89           5           R01       501342     FALSE
90           5           R01       428679     FALSE
91           1           R01       587097     FALSE
92           5           R01       428581      TRUE
93           3           K01        34347     FALSE
94           5           K01       150318     FALSE
95           5           K01       152689     FALSE
96           1           K01       154530     FALSE
97           3           R01        31140     FALSE
98           1           R01       362575     FALSE
99           5           R01       362199     FALSE
100          5           R01       362003      TRUE
101          5           R01       362390     FALSE
102          1           R03        68182     FALSE
103          5           R03        67903     FALSE
104          5           R21       165054     FALSE
105          1           R21       198529     FALSE
106          5           R01       479057     FALSE
107          5           R01       472901     FALSE
108          5           R01       460341      TRUE
109          1           R01       491562     FALSE
110          3           R15       118577     FALSE
111          5           R25       268022     FALSE
112          1           R25       228877     FALSE
113          3           R25        86400     FALSE
114          1           R21       197486     FALSE
115          5           R25       322624      TRUE
116          5           R21       223490     FALSE
117          5           R25       322469     FALSE
118          5           R25       322469     FALSE
119          1           R03        68748     FALSE
120          5           R03        68598     FALSE
121          1           R15       417731     FALSE
122          3           R15        97574      TRUE
123          2           R15       392031      TRUE
124          1           R15       410174     FALSE
125          5           R21       191625     FALSE
126          1           R21       175250     FALSE
127          7           R56       515409     FALSE
128          5           R01       252945     FALSE
129          5           R01       252945     FALSE
130          5           R01       252639     FALSE
131          1           R01       251392     FALSE
132          2           R01       367126      TRUE
133          1           R15       402631     FALSE
134          5           R21       181625     FALSE
135          1           R21       206625     FALSE
136          1           R15       395813     FALSE
137         4N           R00       248993     FALSE
138          5           R00       237916     FALSE
139          5           R00       243539     FALSE
140          5           U01       274594     FALSE
141          1           U01       274493     FALSE
142          5           U01       274960     FALSE
143          1           P20      2091139     FALSE
144          1           P20       641562     FALSE
145          1           P20       352464     FALSE
146          5           P20      2212500      TRUE
147          5           P20      2130681     FALSE
148          5           P20       199138     FALSE
149          5           P20       677022     FALSE
150          5           P20       163515     FALSE
151          5           P20      2206645     FALSE
152          5           P20       715546     FALSE
153          5           P20       153149     FALSE
154          5           P20      2194934     FALSE
155          5           P20       181902     FALSE
156          5           P20       147472     FALSE
157          5           P20      2108907     FALSE
158          1           P20       320445     FALSE
159          5           P20      2129188     FALSE
160          5           P20      2112664     FALSE
161          5           P20      1138359      TRUE
162          3           P20       492598     FALSE
163          5           P20      1025023     FALSE
164          5           P20       764637      TRUE
165          1           P20       101946     FALSE
166          2           P20      2172986     FALSE
167          1           P20       674722     FALSE
168          5           P20      1040007     FALSE
169          3           P20       266181      TRUE
170          5           P20       156572      TRUE
171          5           P20       152932      TRUE
172          1           R21       231976     FALSE
173          5           R21       184394     FALSE
174          5           R21       184134     FALSE
175          1           R21       229617     FALSE
176          3           P20       290601     FALSE
177          1           P20       436395     FALSE
178          5           P20      2107499      TRUE
179          5           P20       321129      TRUE
180          5           P20      1984013     FALSE
181          5           P20      1954982     FALSE
182          5           P20       279413     FALSE
183          5           P20       207135     FALSE
184          5           P20       207135     FALSE
185          5           P20       835283     FALSE
186          5           P20       220945     FALSE
187          1           P20       549049     FALSE
188          1           P20       116246     FALSE
189          1           P20       223695     FALSE
190          1           P20       223692     FALSE
191          1           P20      1996464     FALSE
192          5           P20      2039509     FALSE
193          5           P20      2012176     FALSE
194          5           P20       298039     FALSE
195          2           P20      2107499     FALSE
196          5           P20       756021     FALSE
197          3           P20       701019     FALSE
198          5           P20       161475      TRUE
199          3           P20       723429      TRUE
200          1           P20       223693     FALSE
201          5           P20       783079     FALSE
202          5           P20      2107499     FALSE
203          5           P20       481777     FALSE
204          5           P20       269759     FALSE
205          3           P20       221708     FALSE
206          5           P20       573523      TRUE
207          3           P20       280294      TRUE
208          1           P20       223694     FALSE
209          5           P20       899991      TRUE
210          5           P20       151381      TRUE
211          5           P20       199980     FALSE
212          5           P20       199980     FALSE
213          5           P20      2107499     FALSE
214          5           P20       499020     FALSE
215          5           P20      2107499     FALSE
216          5           P20       532287     FALSE
217          5           P20       220945     FALSE
218          3           P20       723429      TRUE
219          1           S10       455032     FALSE
220          1           U79           NA     FALSE
221          5           U79           NA     FALSE
222          7           R01       266950     FALSE
223          2           R15       407623     FALSE
224          1           R15       284462     FALSE
225          2           R15       393050      TRUE
226          5           P30       998552     FALSE
227          1           P30      1040923     FALSE
228         4N           P30       980492     FALSE
229          5           P30       940199     FALSE
230          5           P30      1007868     FALSE
231          2           R15       413575     FALSE
232          5           K25       136807     FALSE
233          5           K25       136776     FALSE
234          5           K25       136807     FALSE
235          5           R01       224778     FALSE
236          5           R01       231666     FALSE
237          3           R01        81190      TRUE
238          5           R01       360186     FALSE
239          5           R01       353975     FALSE
240          5           R01       366694      TRUE
241          5           R01       326094     FALSE
242          5           R01       372076     FALSE
243          5           R01       346108     FALSE
244          2           R01       363870     FALSE
245          5           R01       266408     FALSE
246          2           R01       290667     FALSE
247          5           R01       276070     FALSE
248          5           R01       290667      TRUE
249          5           R01       290667     FALSE
250          5           R01       290667     FALSE
251          5           R01       300258     FALSE
252          5           R01       319424     FALSE
253          2           P20      3769328     FALSE
254          3           P20       131975     FALSE
255          5           P20      3118923     FALSE
256          2           P20      3431871     FALSE
257          5           P20      3329866     FALSE
258          5           P20      2305538     FALSE
259          5           P20       883827     FALSE
260          3           P20       153125     FALSE
261          5           P20      3329866      TRUE
262          3           P20       190515      TRUE
263          3           P20       848625      TRUE
264          3           P20       164250     FALSE
265          5           P20       140501     FALSE
266          3           P20       272427     FALSE
267          3           P20       737106     FALSE
268          5           P20      3329866     FALSE
269          5           P20      2305536     FALSE
270          5           P20       140500     FALSE
271          5           P20      3247268     FALSE
272          5           P20      2305536      TRUE
273          5           P20       883830      TRUE
274          3           P20       204266      TRUE
275          5           P20      3240905     FALSE
276          3           P20        58120     FALSE
277          5           P20       140500      TRUE
278          3           P20       152010     FALSE
279          5           P20       883830     FALSE
280          3           P20       131975     FALSE
281          5           P20      3329866     FALSE
282          5           P20      3191459     FALSE
283          5           P20      3215147     FALSE
284          3           P20       260792      TRUE
285          3           P20       190515      TRUE
286          3           P20       848625      TRUE
287          5           R01       318467     FALSE
288          2           R01       374028     FALSE
289          5           R01       367378     FALSE
290          5           R01       356356      TRUE
291          2           R01       345130     FALSE
292          5           R01       356356     FALSE
293          5           R01       426385     FALSE
294          5           P30       228275     FALSE
295          1           P30       254367     FALSE
296          5           P30       168984     FALSE
297          5           P30       387426     FALSE
298          5           P20        63557     FALSE
299          2           P20       942423     FALSE
300          2           P20       163515     FALSE
301          5           P20      2009130     FALSE
302          5           P20       716598     FALSE
303          5           P20       143773     FALSE
304          5           P20       116246     FALSE
305          5           P20       267397     FALSE
306          5           P20       223695     FALSE
307          5           P20       223692     FALSE
308          5           P20       676693     FALSE
309          5           P20       223644     FALSE
310          5           P20       223641     FALSE
311          5           P20       630422     FALSE
312          5           P30       520285     FALSE
313          5           P30       256346     FALSE
314          5           P20       723773     FALSE
315          5           P20       330765     FALSE
316         4N           P30       551117     FALSE
317         4N           P30       328895     FALSE
318          5           P20       223695     FALSE
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320          2           P20       955080     FALSE
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   principal_investigators
1                                                                                                                                                                      1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
2                                                                                                                                                                        12579051, Janet, E., Williams, TRUE, Janet E. Williams, SENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTIST
3                                                                                                                                                                                          12311714, Yimin, , Chen, TRUE, Yimin  Chen, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
4                                                                                                                                                                                          78447382, Ginny, , Lane, TRUE, Ginny  Lane, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
5                                                                                                                                                                      1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
6                                                                                                                                                                      1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
7                                                                                                                                                                                                     15340383, Ann, Frost, Brown, TRUE, Ann Frost Brown, 
8                                                                                                                                            78953889, Esteban, Aberlardo, Hernandez Vargas, TRUE, Esteban Aberlardo Hernandez Vargas, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
9                                                                                                                     77875620, 14398977, Rhena, Kristopher, , V, Cooper, Waynant, FALSE, TRUE, Rhena  Cooper, Kristopher V Waynant, , ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
10                                                                                                                                                                                          8465380, BARRIE, D, ROBISON, TRUE, BARRIE D ROBISON, PROFESSOR
11                                                                                                                                                                       78493882, Paul, Henry, Davis, TRUE, Paul Henry Davis, SURFACE SCIENCE LAB MANAGER
12                                                                                                                                                                                       14935809, Tyler, , Brown, TRUE, Tyler  Brown, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
13                                                                                                                                                                             14866961, Benjamin, , Johnson, TRUE, Benjamin  Johnson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
14                                                                                                                                                                                               11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim  Browning, PROFESSOR
15                                                                                                                                                                                                          14496984, Erin, , Mannen, TRUE, Erin  Mannen, 
16                                                                                                                                                                                               11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim  Browning, PROFESSOR
17                                                                                                                                                                                                77878419, Nirmala, , Kandadai, TRUE, Nirmala  Kandadai, 
18                                                                                                                                                                     12461303, Jagdish Suresh, , Patel, TRUE, Jagdish Suresh  Patel, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
19                                                                                                                                                                                      7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
20                                                                                                                                                                                                14291684, JAMES, , VAN LEUVEN, TRUE, JAMES  VAN LEUVEN, 
21                                                                                                                                                                                       11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh  Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
22                                                                                                                                                                                       11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh  Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
23                                                                                                                                                                      9370510, Javier, , Ochoa-Reparaz, TRUE, Javier  Ochoa-Reparaz, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
24                                                                                                                                                                      9370510, Javier, , Ochoa-Reparaz, TRUE, Javier  Ochoa-Reparaz, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
25                                                                                                                                                                                       11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh  Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
26                                                                                                                                                                                       11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh  Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
27                                                                                                                                                                          7757724, PETER, Gerard, FUERST, TRUE, PETER Gerard FUERST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
28                                                                                                                                                                                   11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
29                                                                                                                             1972007, 10541387, Shirley, Jeffrey, , A, Luckhart, Riffell, TRUE, FALSE, Shirley  Luckhart, Jeffrey A Riffell, PROFESSOR, 
30                                                                                                                             1972007, 10541387, Shirley, Jeffrey, , A, Luckhart, Riffell, TRUE, FALSE, Shirley  Luckhart, Jeffrey A Riffell, PROFESSOR, 
31                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
32  1929614, 14492784, 15889966, 6692108, CHERYL, Steven, Holly, TROY, LYNN, , K, T, JORCYK, Lysne, Paquette, ROHN, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, Holly K Paquette, TROY T ROHN, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, , , PROFESSOR
33  1929614, 14492784, 15889966, 6692108, CHERYL, Steven, Holly, TROY, LYNN, , K, T, JORCYK, Lysne, Paquette, ROHN, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, Holly K Paquette, TROY T ROHN, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, , , PROFESSOR
34                                                                                                                                                         15943038, Sophia, Katerina, Theodossiou, TRUE, Sophia Katerina Theodossiou, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
35                                                                                                                                                                                                  8192987, Don, L, Warner, TRUE, Don L Warner, PROFESSOR
36                                                                                                                                                                         11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
37                                                                                                                                                                                               11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim  Browning, PROFESSOR
38                                                                                                                                                                            8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
39                                                                                                                                                                            8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
40                                                                                                                                                                                                            12530898, Eric, , Baggs, TRUE, Eric  Baggs, 
41                                                                                                                                                                                                            12530898, Eric, , Baggs, TRUE, Eric  Baggs, 
42                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
43                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
44                                                                                                                                                                                 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana  Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
45                                                                                                                                                                                 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana  Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
46                                                                                                                                                                     1929614, CHERYL, LYNN, JORCYK, TRUE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
47                                                                                                                                                                                 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana  Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
48                                                                                                                                                                                              15484506, Ashley, Alice, Farre, TRUE, Ashley Alice Farre, 
49                                                                                                                                                                                              15484506, Ashley, Alice, Farre, TRUE, Ashley Alice Farre, 
50                                                                                                                                                                                              15484506, Ashley, Alice, Farre, TRUE, Ashley Alice Farre, 
51                                                                                                                                                                                 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana  Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
52                                                                                                                                                                         11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
53                                                                                                                                                                         11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
54                                                                                                                                                                         11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
55                                                                                                                                                                         11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
56                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
57                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
58                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
59                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
60                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
61                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
62                                                                                                                                                                                         14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes  Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
63                                                                                                                                                                                      7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
64                                                                                                                                                                                       1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
65                                                                                                                                                                                       1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
66                                                                                                                                                                                       1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
67                                                                                                                                                                                       1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
68                                                                                                                                                                                       1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
69                                                                                                                                                                                       1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
70                                                                                                                                                                                 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman  Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
71                                                                                                                                                                                 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman  Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
72                                                                                                                                                                                 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman  Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
73                                                                                                                                                                                 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman  Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
74                                                                                                                                                                                 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman  Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
75                                                                                                                                                                         11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
76                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
77                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
78                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
79                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
80                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
81                                                                                                                                                                     11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
82                                                                                                                                                                                              11711286, Bryn, Andrew, Martin, TRUE, Bryn Andrew Martin, 
83                                                                                                                                                                                              11711286, Bryn, Andrew, Martin, TRUE, Bryn Andrew Martin, 
84                                                                                                                                                                            8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
85                                                                                                                                                                            8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
86                                                                                                                                                                           10652774, Clare, , Fitzpatrick, TRUE, Clare  Fitzpatrick, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
87                                                                                                                                                                                               11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim  Browning, PROFESSOR
88                                                                                                                                                                     1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
89                                                                                                                                                                      1974190, MARK, Adam, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MARK Adam MCGUIRE, ASSOCIATE DEAN AND DIRECTOR
90                                                                                                                                                                      1974190, MARK, Adam, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MARK Adam MCGUIRE, ASSOCIATE DEAN AND DIRECTOR
91                                                                                                                                                                      1974190, MARK, Adam, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MARK Adam MCGUIRE, ASSOCIATE DEAN AND DIRECTOR
92                                                                                                                                                                     1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
93                                                                                                                                                                           14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
94                                                                                                                                                                           14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
95                                                                                                                                                                           14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
96                                                                                                                                                                           14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
97                                                                                                                                                                                      1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
98                                                                                                                                                                                         1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO, 
99                                                                                                                                                                                         1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO, 
100                                                                                                                                                                                        1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO, 
101                                                                                                                                                                                        1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO, 
102                                                                                                                                                                    11966874, Nathan, Robert, Schiele, TRUE, Nathan Robert Schiele, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
103                                                                                                                                                                    11966874, Nathan, Robert, Schiele, TRUE, Nathan Robert Schiele, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
104                                                                                                                                                                                     9247657, Diana, Doumas, Walsh, TRUE, Diana Doumas Walsh, PROFESSOR
105                                                                                                                                                                                     9247657, Diana, Doumas, Walsh, TRUE, Diana Doumas Walsh, PROFESSOR
106                                                                                                                                                                                       1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley  Luckhart, PROFESSOR
107                                                                                                                                                                                       1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley  Luckhart, PROFESSOR
108                                                                                                                                                                                       1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley  Luckhart, PROFESSOR
109                                                                                                                                                                                       1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley  Luckhart, PROFESSOR
110                                                                                                                                                                                  11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
111                                                                                                                 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, 
112                                                                                                                 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, 
113                                                                                                                 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, 
114                                                                                                        11294714, 7757724, Bart, PETER, Gerard, Gerard, Borghuis, FUERST, FALSE, TRUE, Bart Gerard Borghuis, PETER Gerard FUERST, , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
115                                                                                                                 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, 
116                                                                                                        11294714, 7757724, Bart, PETER, Gerard, Gerard, Borghuis, FUERST, FALSE, TRUE, Bart Gerard Borghuis, PETER Gerard FUERST, , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
117                                                                                                                 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, 
118                                                                                                                 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven  Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, 
119                                                                                                                                                                                   6870984, CHING-AN, , PENG, TRUE, CHING-AN  PENG, CHAIR AND PROFESSOR
120                                                                                                                                                                                   6870984, CHING-AN, , PENG, TRUE, CHING-AN  PENG, CHAIR AND PROFESSOR
121                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
122                                                                                                                                                           11798707, Matthew, Lee, Ferguson, TRUE, Matthew Lee Ferguson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS
123                                                                                                                                                           11798707, Matthew, Lee, Ferguson, TRUE, Matthew Lee Ferguson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS
124                                                                                                                                                           11798707, Matthew, Lee, Ferguson, TRUE, Matthew Lee Ferguson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS
125                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
126                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
127                                                               6805714, 1972007, 7357032, CECILIA, Shirley, Michael, , , Allen, GIULIVI, Luckhart, Riehle, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, CECILIA  GIULIVI, Shirley  Luckhart, Michael Allen Riehle, , PROFESSOR, 
128                                                                                                                                                                                           6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
129                                                                                                                                                                                           6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
130                                                                                                                                                                                           6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
131                                                                                                                                                                                           6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
132                                                                                                                                                                                           6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
133                                                                                                                                                                                  11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
134                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
135                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
136                                                                                                                                                                                      11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh  Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
137                                                                                                                                                                                                 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, 
138                                                                                                                                                                                                 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, 
139                                                                                                                                                                                                 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, 
140                                                                                                                                             12291256, Robert, Frederick, Keefe, TRUE, Robert Frederick Keefe, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FOREST OPERATIONS
141                                                                                                                                             12291256, Robert, Frederick, Keefe, TRUE, Robert Frederick Keefe, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FOREST OPERATIONS
142                                                                                                                                             12291256, Robert, Frederick, Keefe, TRUE, Robert Frederick Keefe, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FOREST OPERATIONS
143                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
144                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
145                                                                                                                                                                                               12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine  Parent, 
146                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
147                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
148                                                                                                                                                                                                               15717315, Min, , Xian, TRUE, Min  Xian, 
149                                                                                                                                                             10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
150                                                                                                                                                          12553895, CHRISTOPHER, HASKELL, REMIEN, TRUE, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL REMIEN, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
151                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
152                                                                                                                                                             10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
153                                                                                                                                                                                                 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, 
154                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
155                                                                                                                                                                                                               15717315, Min, , Xian, TRUE, Min  Xian, 
156                                                                                                                                                                                                 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, 
157                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
158                                                                                                                                                                                     9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
159                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
160                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
161                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
162                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
163                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
164                                                                                                                                                             10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
165                                                                                                                                                                          12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert  Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
166                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
167                                                                                                                                                                                                  8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest, 
168                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
169                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
170                                                                                                                                                                    12461303, Jagdish Suresh, , Patel, TRUE, Jagdish Suresh  Patel, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
171                                                                                                                                                                                               14291684, JAMES, , VAN LEUVEN, TRUE, JAMES  VAN LEUVEN, 
172                                                                                                                                                                  8847388, Nicole, , Grieshaber, TRUE, Nicole  Grieshaber, RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
173                                                                                                                                                                  8847388, Nicole, , Grieshaber, TRUE, Nicole  Grieshaber, RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
174                                                                                                                                                                           8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
175                                                                                                                                                                           8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
176                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
177                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
178                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
179                                                                                                                                                               14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared  Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
180                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
181                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
182                                                                                                                                                               14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared  Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
183                                                                                                                                                                                  11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
184                                                                                                                                                                            9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
185                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
186                                                                                                                                                                            9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
187                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
188                                                                                                                                                                                                     11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin  gillis, 
189                                                                                                                                                                                     7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
190                                                                                                                                                                        11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
191                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
192                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
193                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
194                                                                                                                                                               14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared  Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
195                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
196                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
197                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
198                                                                                                                                                                     9370510, Javier, , Ochoa-Reparaz, TRUE, Javier  Ochoa-Reparaz, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
199                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
200                                                                                                                                                                 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
201                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
202                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
203                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
204                                                                                                                                                               14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared  Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
205                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
206                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
207                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
208                                                                                                                                                                     10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti  Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
209                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
210                                                                                                                                                        15943038, Sophia, Katerina, Theodossiou, TRUE, Sophia Katerina Theodossiou, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
211                                                                                                                                                                                  11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
212                                                                                                                                                                            9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
213                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
214                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
215                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
216                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
217                                                                                                                                                                                  11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
218                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
219                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
220                                                                                                                                                                                                     11949943, Sharon, K, Fritz, TRUE, Sharon K Fritz, 
221                                                                                                                                                                                                     11949943, Sharon, K, Fritz, TRUE, Sharon K Fritz, 
222                                                                                                                                                                                         7796467, SCOTT, T, PHILLIPS, TRUE, SCOTT T PHILLIPS, PROFESSOR
223                                                                                                                                                                                                   6692108, TROY, T, ROHN, TRUE, TROY T ROHN, PROFESSOR
224                                                                                                                                                                                                   6692108, TROY, T, ROHN, TRUE, TROY T ROHN, PROFESSOR
225                                                                                                                                                                                                   6692108, TROY, T, ROHN, TRUE, TROY T ROHN, PROFESSOR
226                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
227                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
228                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
229                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
230                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
231                                                                                                                                                                                     7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
232                                                                                                                                                                             9745082, William, L., Hughes, TRUE, William L. Hughes, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
233                                                                                                                                                                             9745082, William, L., Hughes, TRUE, William L. Hughes, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
234                                                                                                                                                                             9745082, William, L., Hughes, TRUE, William L. Hughes, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
235                                                                                                                                                                         7757724, PETER, Gerard, FUERST, TRUE, PETER Gerard FUERST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
236                                                                                                                                                                         7757724, PETER, Gerard, FUERST, TRUE, PETER Gerard FUERST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
237                                                                                                                                                                                                     9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
238                                                                                                                                                                                                     9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
239                                                                                                                                                                                                     9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
240                                                                                                                                                                                                     9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
241                                                                                                                                    11206205, 9751112, Jose, Eva, Miguel, M., Ponciano, Top, FALSE, TRUE, Jose Miguel Ponciano, Eva M. Top, , PROFESSOR
242                                                                                                                                                                                                     9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
243                                                                                                                                    11206205, 9751112, Jose, Eva, Miguel, M., Ponciano, Top, FALSE, TRUE, Jose Miguel Ponciano, Eva M. Top, , PROFESSOR
244                                                                                                                                                                                                     9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
245              8237553, 10316717, 1875902, PAUL, Craig, Holly, , R, A, JOYCE, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, PAUL  JOYCE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, PROFESSOR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
246                                                                     10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
247                                                                     10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, FALSE, TRUE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
248                                                                     10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
249                                                                     10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
250                                                                     10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
251                                                                                                                                                                                        1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO, 
252                                                                                                                                                                                        1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO, 
253                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
254                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
255                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
256                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
257                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
258                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
259                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
260                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
261                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
262                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
263                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
264                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
265                                                                                                                                                                                                8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, 
266                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
267                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
268                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
269                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
270                                                                                                                                                                                                8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, 
271                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
272                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
273                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
274                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
275                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
276                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
277                                                                                                                                                                                                8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, 
278                         11320048, 8643316, 8794240, Richard, Carolyn, Richard, Scott, Hovde, Luke, Beard, Bohach, Daniels, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, Richard Scott Beard, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, Richard Luke Daniels, , UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR, 
279                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
280                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
281                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
282                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
283                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
284                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
285                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
286                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
287                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
288                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
289                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
290                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
291                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
292                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
293                                                                                                                                                                                     1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
294                                                                                                                                                                                                     11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon, 
295                                                                                                                                                                                                     11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon, 
296                                                                                                                                                                                                     11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon, 
297                                                                                                                                                                                                 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew  Settles, 
298                                                                                                                                                                                                     11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye  Cooper, 
299                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
300                                                                                                                                                          12553895, CHRISTOPHER, HASKELL, REMIEN, TRUE, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL REMIEN, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
301                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
302                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
303                                                                                                                                                                                             6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
304                                                                                                                                                                                                     11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin  gillis, 
305                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
306                                                                                                                                                                                     7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
307                                                                                                                                                                        11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
308                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
309                                                                                                                                                                                     7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
310                                                                                                                                                                        11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
311                                                                                                                                                                                                  8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest, 
312                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
313                                                                                                                                                                                                 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew  Settles, 
314                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
315                                                                                                                                                                                     9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
316                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
317                                                                                                                                                                                                 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew  Settles, 
318                                                                                                                                                                                     7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
319                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
320                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
321                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
322                                                                                                                                                                          12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert  Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
323                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
324                                                                                                                                                                        11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
325                                                                                                                                                                                  11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad  Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
326                                                                                                                                                                                                 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew  Settles, 
327                                                                                                                                                                                                     11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye  Cooper, 
328                                                                                                                                                                                     7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
329                                                                                                                                                                     10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti  Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
330                                                                                                                                                                        11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
331                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
332                                                                                                                                                                        11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
333                                                                                                                                                                 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
334                                                                                                                                                                     10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti  Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
335                                                                                                                                                                                                 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew  Settles, 
336                                                                                                                                                                          12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert  Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
337                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
338                                                                                                                                                                                     9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
339                                                                                                                                                                                     9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
340                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
341                                                                                                                                                                                                9837979, Mark, Joseph, Rudin, TRUE, Mark Joseph Rudin, 
342                                                                                                                                                                                                     11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon, 
343                                                                                                                                                                                             6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
344                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
345                                                                                                                                                                                                     11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin  gillis, 
346                                                                                                                                                                                                8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, 
347                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
348                                                                                                                                                                                                     11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin  gillis, 
349                                                                                                                                                                 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
350                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
351                                                                                                                                                                                                  8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest, 
352                                                                                                                                                                                                8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, 
353                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
354                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
355                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
356                                                                                                                                                                                                     11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin  gillis, 
357                                                                                                                                                                                                     11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye  Cooper, 
358                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
359                                                                                                                                                                     10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti  Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
360                                                                                                                                                                 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
361                                                                                                                                                                                     9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
362                                                                                                                                                                                               12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine  Parent, 
363                                                                                                                                                                          12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert  Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
364                                                                                                                                                                                               12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine  Parent, 
365                                                                                                                                                                          12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert  Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
366                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
367                                                                                                                                                                                             6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
368                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
369                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
370                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
371                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
372                                                                                                                                                                                                               15717315, Min, , Xian, TRUE, Min  Xian, 
373                                                                                                                                                                                             6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
374                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
375                                                                                                                                                                                                     11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye  Cooper, 
376                                                                                                                                                              1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
377                                                                                                                                                                 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
378                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
379                                                                                                                                                        8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
380                                                                                                                                                                                             6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
381                                                                                                                                                                    2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
382                                                                                                                                                                                                  8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest, 
383                                                                                                                                                                                               12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine  Parent, 
384                                                                                                                                                                                                    9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich, 
385                                                                                                                                                                                                     11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye  Cooper, 
386                                                                                                                                                                  1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
387                                                                                                                                                                                       8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
388                                                                                                                                                                                                  8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest, 
389                                                                                                                                                                                               12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine  Parent, 
390                                                                                                                                                             10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
391                                                                                                                                                                                                 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu, 
392                                                                                                                                                               14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared  Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
393                                                                                                                                                                          10652774, Clare, , Fitzpatrick, TRUE, Clare  Fitzpatrick, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
394                                                                                                                                                                            9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
395                                                                                                                                                                     10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti  Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
396                                                                                                                                                                                                     11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon, 
                        contact_pi_name
1                 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
2                    WILLIAMS, JANET E.
3                          CHEN, YIMIN 
4                          LANE, GINNY 
5                 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
6                 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
7                      BROWN, ANN FROST
8   HERNANDEZ VARGAS, ESTEBAN ABERLARDO
9                 WAYNANT, KRISTOPHER V
10                    ROBISON, BARRIE D
11                    DAVIS, PAUL HENRY
12                        BROWN, TYLER 
13                   JOHNSON, BENJAMIN 
14                       BROWNING, JIM 
15                        MANNEN, ERIN 
16                       BROWNING, JIM 
17                   KANDADAI, NIRMALA 
18               PATEL, JAGDISH SURESH 
19                       ALBIG, ALLAN R
20                   VAN LEUVEN, JAMES 
21                   NAGARAJAN, RAJESH 
22                   NAGARAJAN, RAJESH 
23               OCHOA-REPARAZ, JAVIER 
24               OCHOA-REPARAZ, JAVIER 
25                   NAGARAJAN, RAJESH 
26                   NAGARAJAN, RAJESH 
27                 FUERST, PETER GERARD
28                      MORRISON, BRAD 
29                   LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
30                   LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
31                         UZER, GUNES 
32                  JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
33                  JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
34         THEODOSSIOU, SOPHIA KATERINA
35                        WARNER, DON L
36                 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
37                       BROWNING, JIM 
38                  GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
39                  GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
40                         BAGGS, ERIC 
41                         BAGGS, ERIC 
42               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
43               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
44                     MITCHELL, DIANA 
45                     MITCHELL, DIANA 
46                  JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
47                     MITCHELL, DIANA 
48                  FARRE, ASHLEY ALICE
49                  FARRE, ASHLEY ALICE
50                  FARRE, ASHLEY ALICE
51                     MITCHELL, DIANA 
52                 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
53                 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
54                 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
55                 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
56                         UZER, GUNES 
57                         UZER, GUNES 
58                         UZER, GUNES 
59                         UZER, GUNES 
60                         UZER, GUNES 
61                         UZER, GUNES 
62                         UZER, GUNES 
63                       ALBIG, ALLAN R
64                      JOHNSON, JILL L
65                      JOHNSON, JILL L
66                      JOHNSON, JILL L
67                      JOHNSON, JILL L
68                      JOHNSON, JILL L
69                      JOHNSON, JILL L
70                     MAINALI, LAXMAN 
71                     MAINALI, LAXMAN 
72                     MAINALI, LAXMAN 
73                     MAINALI, LAXMAN 
74                     MAINALI, LAXMAN 
75                 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
76               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
77               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
78               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
79               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
80               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
81               WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
82                  MARTIN, BRYN ANDREW
83                  MARTIN, BRYN ANDREW
84                  GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
85                  GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
86                  FITZPATRICK, CLARE 
87                       BROWNING, JIM 
88                MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
89                   MCGUIRE, MARK ADAM
90                   MCGUIRE, MARK ADAM
91                   MCGUIRE, MARK ADAM
92                MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
93                  CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
94                  CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
95                  CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
96                  CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
97                  STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
98               FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
99               FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
100              FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
101              FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
102              SCHIELE, NATHAN ROBERT
103              SCHIELE, NATHAN ROBERT
104                 WALSH, DIANA DOUMAS
105                 WALSH, DIANA DOUMAS
106                  LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
107                  LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
108                  LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
109                  LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
110                     MORRISON, BRAD 
111                 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
112                 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
113                 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
114                FUERST, PETER GERARD
115                 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
116                FUERST, PETER GERARD
117                 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
118                 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
119                     PENG, CHING-AN 
120                     PENG, CHING-AN 
121                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
122               FERGUSON, MATTHEW LEE
123               FERGUSON, MATTHEW LEE
124               FERGUSON, MATTHEW LEE
125                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
126                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
127                  LUCKHART, SHIRLEY 
128                    NUISMER, SCOTT L
129                    NUISMER, SCOTT L
130                    NUISMER, SCOTT L
131                    NUISMER, SCOTT L
132                    NUISMER, SCOTT L
133                     MORRISON, BRAD 
134                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
135                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
136                  NAGARAJAN, RAJESH 
137                   FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
138                   FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
139                   FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
140             KEEFE, ROBERT FREDERICK
141             KEEFE, ROBERT FREDERICK
142             KEEFE, ROBERT FREDERICK
143                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
144                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
145                  PARENT, CHRISTINE 
146                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
147                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
148                          XIAN, MIN 
149                     MILLER, CRAIG R
150         REMIEN, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL
151                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
152                     MILLER, CRAIG R
153                   FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
154                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
155                          XIAN, MIN 
156                   FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
157                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
158                      MIURA, TANYA A
159                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
160                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
161                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
162                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
163                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
164                     MILLER, CRAIG R
165                 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT 
166                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
167                   WIEST, MICHELLE M
168                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
169                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
170              PATEL, JAGDISH SURESH 
171                  VAN LEUVEN, JAMES 
172                 GRIESHABER, NICOLE 
173                 GRIESHABER, NICOLE 
174                 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
175                 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
176                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
177                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
178                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
179                      ROMERO, JARED 
180                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
181                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
182                      ROMERO, JARED 
183                     MORRISON, BRAD 
184                      WARNER, LISA R
185                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
186                      WARNER, LISA R
187                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
188                     GILLIS, CALVIN 
189                      ALBIG, ALLAN R
190                LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
191                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
192                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
193                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
194                      ROMERO, JARED 
195                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
196                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
197                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
198              OCHOA-REPARAZ, JAVIER 
199                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
200            MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
201                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
202                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
203                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
204                      ROMERO, JARED 
205                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
206                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
207                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
208                   HIREMATH, MINOTI 
209                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
210        THEODOSSIOU, SOPHIA KATERINA
211                     MORRISON, BRAD 
212                      WARNER, LISA R
213                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
214                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
215                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
216                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
217                     MORRISON, BRAD 
218                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
219                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
220                     FRITZ, SHARON K
221                     FRITZ, SHARON K
222                   PHILLIPS, SCOTT T
223                        ROHN, TROY T
224                        ROHN, TROY T
225                        ROHN, TROY T
226                     FORNEY, LARRY J
227                     FORNEY, LARRY J
228                     FORNEY, LARRY J
229                     FORNEY, LARRY J
230                     FORNEY, LARRY J
231                      ALBIG, ALLAN R
232                  HUGHES, WILLIAM L.
233                  HUGHES, WILLIAM L.
234                  HUGHES, WILLIAM L.
235                FUERST, PETER GERARD
236                FUERST, PETER GERARD
237                         TOP, EVA M.
238                         TOP, EVA M.
239                         TOP, EVA M.
240                         TOP, EVA M.
241                         TOP, EVA M.
242                         TOP, EVA M.
243                         TOP, EVA M.
244                         TOP, EVA M.
245                        JOYCE, PAUL 
246                     MILLER, CRAIG R
247                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
248                     MILLER, CRAIG R
249                     MILLER, CRAIG R
250                     MILLER, CRAIG R
251              FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
252              FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
253               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
254               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
255               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
256               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
257               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
258               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
259                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
260               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
261               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
262               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
263               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
264               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
265                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
266               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
267               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
268               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
269               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
270                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
271               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
272               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
273                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
274               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
275               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
276               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
277                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
278               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
279                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
280               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
281               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
282               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
283               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
284               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
285               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
286               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
287                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
288                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
289                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
290                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
291                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
292                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
293                 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
294                     LYON, ROBERT T.
295                     LYON, ROBERT T.
296                     LYON, ROBERT T.
297                   SETTLES, MATTHEW 
298                     COOPER, TOMMYE 
299                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
300         REMIEN, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL
301               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
302                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
303                     FOSTER, JAMES A
304                     GILLIS, CALVIN 
305                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
306                      ALBIG, ALLAN R
307                LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
308                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
309                      ALBIG, ALLAN R
310                LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
311                   WIEST, MICHELLE M
312                     FORNEY, LARRY J
313                   SETTLES, MATTHEW 
314                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
315                      MIURA, TANYA A
316                     FORNEY, LARRY J
317                   SETTLES, MATTHEW 
318                      ALBIG, ALLAN R
319               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
320                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
321               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
322                 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT 
323                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
324                BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
325                     MORRISON, BRAD 
326                   SETTLES, MATTHEW 
327                     COOPER, TOMMYE 
328                      ALBIG, ALLAN R
329                   HIREMATH, MINOTI 
330                LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
331                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
332                LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
333            MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
334                   HIREMATH, MINOTI 
335                   SETTLES, MATTHEW 
336                 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT 
337               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
338                      MIURA, TANYA A
339                      MIURA, TANYA A
340                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
341                  RUDIN, MARK JOSEPH
342                     LYON, ROBERT T.
343                     FOSTER, JAMES A
344                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
345                     GILLIS, CALVIN 
346                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
347                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
348                     GILLIS, CALVIN 
349            MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
350                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
351                   WIEST, MICHELLE M
352                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
353               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
354                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
355                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
356                     GILLIS, CALVIN 
357                     COOPER, TOMMYE 
358                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
359                   HIREMATH, MINOTI 
360            MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
361                      MIURA, TANYA A
362                  PARENT, CHRISTINE 
363                 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT 
364                  PARENT, CHRISTINE 
365                 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT 
366               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
367                     FOSTER, JAMES A
368                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
369                     FORNEY, LARRY J
370                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
371                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
372                          XIAN, MIN 
373                     FOSTER, JAMES A
374                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
375                     COOPER, TOMMYE 
376                  OXFORD, JULIA THOM
377            MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
378                     FORNEY, LARRY J
379               BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
380                     FOSTER, JAMES A
381                     FORNEY, LARRY J
382                   WIEST, MICHELLE M
383                  PARENT, CHRISTINE 
384                    MINNICH, SCOTT A
385                     COOPER, TOMMYE 
386                    WICHMAN, HOLLY A
387                  CORNELL, KENNETH A
388                   WIEST, MICHELLE M
389                  PARENT, CHRISTINE 
390                     MILLER, CRAIG R
391                   FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
392                      ROMERO, JARED 
393                 FITZPATRICK, CLARE 
394                      WARNER, LISA R
395                   HIREMATH, MINOTI 
396                     LYON, ROBERT T.
                                                program_officers
1                                 Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
2                                                           NULL
3                                                           NULL
4                                                           NULL
5                                                           NULL
6                                                           NULL
7                                                           NULL
8                                     Han, , Nguyen, Han  Nguyen
9         LAURIE, ELIZABETH, Stepanek, LAURIE ELIZABETH Stepanek
10                          LAWRENCE, A., BECK, LAWRENCE A. BECK
11                                                          NULL
12                                                          NULL
13                                                          NULL
14      OLGA, NIKOLAEVNA, Kovbasnjuk, OLGA NIKOLAEVNA Kovbasnjuk
15                                                          NULL
16                                                          NULL
17                                                          NULL
18                                Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
19                                  Yunling, , Gao, Yunling  Gao
20                                Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
21                                Alec, , Ritchie, Alec  Ritchie
22                                Alec, , Ritchie, Alec  Ritchie
23                                Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
24                                    URSULA, , UTZ, URSULA  UTZ
25                                  KADIR, , Aslan, KADIR  Aslan
26                                  KADIR, , Aslan, KADIR  Aslan
27                          ROBERT, D., RIDDLE, ROBERT D. RIDDLE
28                                        YANG, , Shi, YANG  Shi
29  Adriana, , Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana  Costero-Saint Denis
30  Adriana, , Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana  Costero-Saint Denis
31                  FLAUBERT, , Tchantchou, FLAUBERT  Tchantchou
32                          Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
33                          Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
34                                Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
35                        JOSEPH, KOFI, Agyin, JOSEPH KOFI Agyin
36                            Xincheng, , Zheng, Xincheng  Zheng
37                MORIA, FISHER, Bittmann, MORIA FISHER Bittmann
38                  Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
39                  Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
40      Dimitrios, Nikolaos, Vatakis, Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
41      Dimitrios, Nikolaos, Vatakis, Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
42                              Michael, , Freed, Michael  Freed
43                              Victor, , Lushin, Victor  Lushin
44                  Nataliya, , Gordiyenko, Nataliya  Gordiyenko
45                  Nataliya, , Gordiyenko, Nataliya  Gordiyenko
46                            BRUNILDE, M, Gril, BRUNILDE M Gril
47                  Nataliya, , Gordiyenko, Nataliya  Gordiyenko
48                            neeraj, , agarwal, neeraj  agarwal
49                            neeraj, , agarwal, neeraj  agarwal
50                            neeraj, , agarwal, neeraj  agarwal
51                          George, Ann, McKie, George Ann McKie
52                      Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca  Bosetti
53                      Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca  Bosetti
54                      Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca  Bosetti
55                      Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca  Bosetti
56                                LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
57                                LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
58                                LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
59              VIVIANA,  , Perez Montes, VIVIANA   Perez Montes
60                                LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
61                                LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
62                                LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
63                              Ronald, , Adkins, Ronald  Adkins
64                        ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
65                        ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
66                        ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
67                        ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
68                        ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
69                        ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
70                                HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
71                                HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
72                                HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
73                                HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
74                                HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
75                            Xincheng, , Zheng, Xincheng  Zheng
76                    Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
77                    Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
78                    Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
79                    Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
80                    Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
81                    Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
82                          ROBERT, D., RIDDLE, ROBERT D. RIDDLE
83                          ROBERT, D., RIDDLE, ROBERT D. RIDDLE
84                  Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
85                  Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
86                              LYNDON, , JOSEPH, LYNDON  JOSEPH
87                          Jessica, , Falcone, Jessica  Falcone
88                              Andrew, , Bremer, Andrew  Bremer
89                            DANIEL, J, RAITEN, DANIEL J RAITEN
90                              Andrew, , Bremer, Andrew  Bremer
91                            DANIEL, J, RAITEN, DANIEL J RAITEN
92                                  KAREN, , WINER, KAREN  WINER
93                                      Yuxia, , Cui, Yuxia  Cui
94                                      Yuxia, , Cui, Yuxia  Cui
95                                      Yuxia, , Cui, Yuxia  Cui
96                      Carol, A., Shreffler, Carol A. Shreffler
97                                Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
98                Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
99                Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
100               Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
101               Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
102                           David, , Rampulla, David  Rampulla
103                           David, , Rampulla, David  Rampulla
104                           Beverly, , Ruffin, Beverly  Ruffin
105                           Beverly, , Ruffin, Beverly  Ruffin
106                               John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
107                               John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
108                               John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
109                               John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
110                           Thomas, , Cheever, Thomas  Cheever
111                           Mercedes, , Rubio, Mercedes  Rubio
112                           Mercedes, , Rubio, Mercedes  Rubio
113                         Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
114                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
115                         Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
116                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
117                         Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
118                         Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
119                           Anthony, R, Welch, Anthony R Welch
120                           Anthony, R, Welch, Anthony R Welch
121                               Miles, , Fabian, Miles  Fabian
122                       Michael, T., Bender, Michael T. Bender
123     Dimitrios, Nikolaos, Vatakis, Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
124                       Michael, T., Bender, Michael T. Bender
125                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
126                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
127 Adriana, , Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana  Costero-Saint Denis
128           Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy  Ravichandran
129           Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy  Ravichandran
130           Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy  Ravichandran
131           Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy  Ravichandran
132                                     Guoqin, , Yu, Guoqin  Yu
133                           Thomas, , Cheever, Thomas  Cheever
134                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
135                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
136                   Darren, D., Sledjeski, Darren D. Sledjeski
137                               Peter, J., Good, Peter J. Good
138                     Daniel, A, Gilchrist, Daniel A Gilchrist
139                     Daniel, A, Gilchrist, Daniel A Gilchrist
140                               Sharon, , Chiou, Sharon  Chiou
141                                     Joan, , Karr, Joan  Karr
142                               Sharon, , Chiou, Sharon  Chiou
143                         Sheila, , Caldwell, Sheila  Caldwell
144                                                         NULL
145                                                         NULL
146                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
147                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
148                                                         NULL
149                                                         NULL
150                                                         NULL
151                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
152                                                         NULL
153                                                         NULL
154                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
155                                                         NULL
156                                                         NULL
157                                 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI  Gao
158                                                         NULL
159                         Sheila, , Caldwell, Sheila  Caldwell
160                       ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA  Justinova
161                                                         NULL
162                       ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA  Justinova
163                                                         NULL
164                                                         NULL
165                                                         NULL
166                       ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA  Justinova
167                                                         NULL
168                                                         NULL
169                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
170                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
171                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
172                       NADYA, L., LUMELSKY, NADYA L. LUMELSKY
173                       NADYA, L., LUMELSKY, NADYA L. LUMELSKY
174                         Thomas, J., Hiltke, Thomas J. Hiltke
175                         Thomas, J., Hiltke, Thomas J. Hiltke
176                                 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI  Gao
177                                                         NULL
178                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
179                                                         NULL
180                                 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI  Gao
181                       ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA  Justinova
182                                                         NULL
183                                                         NULL
184                                                         NULL
185                                                         NULL
186                                                         NULL
187                                                         NULL
188                                                         NULL
189                                                         NULL
190                                                         NULL
191                         REGINE, , DOUTHARD, REGINE  DOUTHARD
192                     Rashada, , Alexander, Rashada  Alexander
193                                 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI  Gao
194                                                         NULL
195                       ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA  Justinova
196                                                         NULL
197                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
198                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
199                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
200                                                         NULL
201                                                         NULL
202                       ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA  Justinova
203                                                         NULL
204                                                         NULL
205                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
206                                                         NULL
207                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
208                                                         NULL
209                                                         NULL
210                                                         NULL
211                                                         NULL
212                                                         NULL
213                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
214                                                         NULL
215                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
216                                                         NULL
217                                                         NULL
218                               Crina, , Frincu, Crina  Frincu
219                               ABRAHAM, , LEVY, ABRAHAM  LEVY
220                                                         NULL
221                                                         NULL
222                               Miles, , Fabian, Miles  Fabian
223                   Austin, Jyan-Yu, Yang, Austin Jyan-Yu Yang
224                     SUZANA, , PETANCESKA, SUZANA  PETANCESKA
225                   Austin, Jyan-Yu, Yang, Austin Jyan-Yu Yang
226                                 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED  TAYLOR
227                                 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED  TAYLOR
228                                 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED  TAYLOR
229                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
230                                 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED  TAYLOR
231                                   JIANHUA, , Xu, JIANHUA  Xu
232                             Peter, , Preusch, Peter  Preusch
233                             Peter, , Preusch, Peter  Preusch
234                             Peter, , Preusch, Peter  Preusch
235                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
236                       Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas  Greenwell
237                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
238                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
239                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
240                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
241                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
242                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
243                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
244                       Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
245                     Irene, A., Eckstrand, Irene A. Eckstrand
246                             Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
247                             Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
248                             Ronald, , Adkins, Ronald  Adkins
249                             Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
250                             Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
251               Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
252               Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
253                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
254                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
255                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
256                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
257                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
258                                                         NULL
259                                                         NULL
260                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
261                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
262                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
263                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
264                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
265                                                         NULL
266                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
267                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
268                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
269                                                         NULL
270                                                         NULL
271                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
272                                                         NULL
273                                                         NULL
274                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
275                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
276                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
277                                                         NULL
278                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
279                                                         NULL
280                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
281                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
282                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
283                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
284                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
285                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
286                             KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN  ARORA
287                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
288                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
289                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
290                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
291                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
292                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
293                               Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa  Neuhold
294                                                         NULL
295                                                         NULL
296                                                         NULL
297                                                         NULL
298                                                         NULL
299                                                         NULL
300                                                         NULL
301                                                         NULL
302                                                         NULL
303                                                         NULL
304                                                         NULL
305                                                         NULL
306                                                         NULL
307                                                         NULL
308                                                         NULL
309                                                         NULL
310                                                         NULL
311                                                         NULL
312                                                         NULL
313                                                         NULL
314                                                         NULL
315                                                         NULL
316                                                         NULL
317                                                         NULL
318                                                         NULL
319                                                         NULL
320                                                         NULL
321                                                         NULL
322                                                         NULL
323                                                         NULL
324                                                         NULL
325                                                         NULL
326                                                         NULL
327                                                         NULL
328                                                         NULL
329                                                         NULL
330                                                         NULL
331                                                         NULL
332                                                         NULL
333                                                         NULL
334                                                         NULL
335                                                         NULL
336                                                         NULL
337                                                         NULL
338                                                         NULL
339                                                         NULL
340                     Rashada, , Alexander, Rashada  Alexander
341                                                         NULL
342                                                         NULL
343                                                         NULL
344                                                         NULL
345                                                         NULL
346                                                         NULL
347                                                         NULL
348                                                         NULL
349                                                         NULL
350                                                         NULL
351                                                         NULL
352                                                         NULL
353                                                         NULL
354                                                         NULL
355                                                         NULL
356                                                         NULL
357                                                         NULL
358                                                         NULL
359                                                         NULL
360                                                         NULL
361                                                         NULL
362                                                         NULL
363                                                         NULL
364                                                         NULL
365                                                         NULL
366                                                         NULL
367                                                         NULL
368                                                         NULL
369                                                         NULL
370                                                         NULL
371                                                         NULL
372                                                         NULL
373                                                         NULL
374                                                         NULL
375                                                         NULL
376                                                         NULL
377                                                         NULL
378                                                         NULL
379                                                         NULL
380                                                         NULL
381                                                         NULL
382                                                         NULL
383                                                         NULL
384                                                         NULL
385                                                         NULL
386                                                         NULL
387                                                         NULL
388                                                         NULL
389                                                         NULL
390                                                         NULL
391                                                         NULL
392                                                         NULL
393                                                         NULL
394                                                         NULL
395                                                         NULL
396                                                         NULL
                                                                                                                                                        agency_ic_fundings
1                                               2024, 2024, GM, OD, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH Office of the Director, NIGMS, OD, 2004626, 350000
2                                                                                                  2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 461621
3                                                                                                  2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 162320
4                                                                                                  2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153322
5                                                                                                   2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3e+05
6                                                                                                  2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 946131
7                                                                                                  2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 331232
8                                                                                                  2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 171789
9                                                                                                   2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 98616
10                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 263413
11                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 572853
12                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 203323
13                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 161346
14                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2018092
15                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 192585
16                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 725234
17                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 162751
18                                                                                                  2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 34078
19                                                                                                        2023, HL, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NHLBI, 408339
20                                                                                                  2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 64727
21                                                                                          2023, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 217496
22                                                                                           2024, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 12663
23                                                                                                 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
24                                                                                         2019, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 72993
25                                                                                                 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 408579
26                                                                                                  2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 94718
27                                                                                        2022, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 150000
28                                                                                                        2022, HL, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NHLBI, 408731
29                                                                                          2023, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 544548
30                                                                                          2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 556756
31                                                    2022, 2022, GM, OD, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH Office of the Director, NIGMS, OD, 233235, 1
32                                                                                                  2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 65006
33                                                                                                  2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 65994
34                                                                                                 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 131717
35                                                                                                                        2022, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 395436
36                                                                                                                        2021, OD, NIH Office of the Director, OD, 113546
37                                                                                    2021, EB, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIBIB, 530650
38                                                                                          2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 181821
39                                                                                          2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 217488
40                                                                                                 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 402174
41                                                                                                  2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 52816
42                                                                                                             2022, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 117598
43                                                                                                             2021, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 302958
44                                                   2021, 2021, EY, GM, National Eye Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NEI, NIGMS, 49508, 310398
45                                                                                                                           2023, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 359164
46                                                2020, 2020, CA, GM, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NCI, NIGMS, 86791, 320000
47                                                                                                                           2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 348389
48                                                                                                                            2021, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 36291
49                                                                                                                            2020, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 35775
50                                                                                                                            2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 26027
51                                                   2020, 2020, EY, GM, National Eye Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NEI, NIGMS, 37664, 320000
52                                                                                        2020, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 328437
53                                                                                        2022, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 330175
54                                                                                        2023, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 330175
55                                                                                        2021, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 330175
56                                                                                                                      2024, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 252208
57                                                                                                                      2021, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 378245
58                                                                                                                      2022, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 280956
59                                                                                                                      2020, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 281613
60                                                                                                                       2022, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 72716
61                                                                                                                       2021, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 24239
62                                                                                                                      2023, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 280602
63                                                                                                 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 412874
64                                                                                                 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 282309
65                                                                                                 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 282916
66                                                                                                  2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 55540
67                                                                                                  2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 61038
68                                                                                                 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 280913
69                                                                                                 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 285011
70                                                                                                                           2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 287213
71                                                                                                                           2019, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 331871
72                                                                                                                           2021, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 292596
73                                                                                                                           2020, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 307018
74                                                                                                                           2023, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 290355
75  2019, 2019, AR, GM, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIAMS, NIGMS, 73704, 320000
76                                                                                                             2022, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 488269
77                                                                                                             2019, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 699388
78                                                                                                              2021, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 76850
79                                                                                                             2021, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 764192
80                                                                                                              2022, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 64584
81                                                                                                             2020, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 657716
82                                                                                        2019, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 346779
83                                                                                        2020, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 328079
84                                                                                          2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 181480
85                                                                                          2019, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 218355
86                                                                                                                      2018, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 409743
87            2018, 2018, EB, GM, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIBIB, NIGMS, 42242, 320000
88                                                                2021, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 443259
89                                                                2019, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 501342
90                                                                2020, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 428679
91                                                                2018, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 587097
92                                                                2022, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 428581
93                                                                                             2021, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 34347
94                                                                                            2020, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 150318
95                                                                                            2019, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 152689
96                                                                                            2018, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 154530
97                                                                                                                            2018, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 31140
98                                                                                          2018, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362575
99                                                                                          2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362199
100                                                                                         2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362003
101                                                                                         2019, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362390
102                                                                                    2018, EB, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIBIB, 68182
103                                                                                    2019, EB, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIBIB, 67903
104                                                                                            2019, AA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, 165054
105                                                                                            2018, AA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, 198529
106                2019, 2019, AI, GM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIAID, NIGMS, 159057, 320000
107                                                                                         2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 472901
108                                                                                         2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 460341
109                2018, 2018, AI, GM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIAID, NIGMS, 171562, 320000
110                                                                                       2017, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 118577
111                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 268022
112                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 228877
113                                                                                                 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 86400
114                                                                                                                          2017, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 197486
115                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 322624
116                                                                                                                          2018, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 223490
117                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 322469
118                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 322469
119                                                                                                                        2017, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 68748
120                                                                                                                        2018, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 68598
121                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 417731
122                                                                                                 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 97574
123                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 392031
124                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 410174
125                                                                                                                          2017, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 191625
126                                                                                                                          2016, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 175250
127                                                                                         2016, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 515409
128                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 252945
129                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 252945
130                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 252639
131                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 251392
132                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 367126
133                                                                                       2016, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 402631
134                                                                                                                          2017, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 181625
135                                                                                                                          2016, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 206625
136                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 395813
137                                                                                                      2015, HG, National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, 248993
138                                                                                                      2017, HG, National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, 237916
139                                                                                                      2016, HG, National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, 243539
140                                                                                         2017, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 274594
141                                                                                         2015, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 274493
142                                                                                         2016, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 274960
143                                                                                               2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2091139
144                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 641562
145                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 352464
146                                                                                               2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2212500
147                                                                                               2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2130681
148                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 199138
149                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 677022
150                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 163515
151                                                                                               2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2206645
152                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 715546
153                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153149
154                                                                                               2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2194934
155                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 181902
156                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 147472
157                                                                                               2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2108907
158                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 320445
159                                                                                               2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2129188
160                                                                                               2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2112664
161                                                                                               2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1138359
162                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 492598
163                                                                                               2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1025023
164                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 764637
165                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 101946
166                                                                                               2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2172986
167                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 674722
168                                                                                               2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1040007
169                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 266181
170                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 156572
171                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 152932
172                                                                                        2014, DE, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIDCR, 231976
173                                                                                        2015, DE, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIDCR, 184394
174                                                                                         2015, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 184134
175                                                                                         2014, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 229617
176                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290601
177                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 436395
178                                                                                               2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
179                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 321129
180                                                                                               2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1984013
181                                                                                               2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1954982
182                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 279413
183                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 207135
184                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 207135
185                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 835283
186                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 220945
187                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 549049
188                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
189                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
190                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
191                                                                                               2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1996464
192                                                                                               2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2039509
193                                                                                               2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2012176
194                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 298039
195                                                                                               2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
196                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 756021
197                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 701019
198                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 161475
199                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 723429
200                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
201                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 783079
202                                                                                               2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
203                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 481777
204                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 269759
205                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 221708
206                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 573523
207                                                                                                                       2023, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 280294
208                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
209                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 899991
210                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 151381
211                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 199980
212                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 199980
213                                                                                               2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
214                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 499020
215                                                                                               2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
216                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 532287
217                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 220945
218                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 723429
219                                                                                                                       2014, OD, NIH Office of the Director, OD, 455032
220                                                                                                                                                                   NULL
221                                                                                                                                                                   NULL
222                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 266950
223                                                                                                                     2019, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 407623
224                                                                                                                     2013, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 284462
225                                                                                                                     2022, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 393050
226                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 998552
227                                                                                               2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1040923
228                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 980492
229                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 940199
230                                                                                               2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1007868
231                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 413575
232                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 136807
233                                                                                                2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 136776
234                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 136807
235                                                                                                                          2013, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 224778
236                                                                                                                          2014, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 231666
237                                                                                          2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 81190
238                                                                                         2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 360186
239                                                                                         2019, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 353975
240                                                                                         2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 366694
241                                                                                         2013, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 326094
242                                                                                         2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 372076
243                                                                                         2014, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 346108
244                                                                                         2018, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 363870
245                                                                                                2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 266408
246                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
247                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 276070
248                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
249                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
250                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
251                                                                                         2013, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 300258
252                                                                                         2014, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 319424
253                                                                                               2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3769328
254                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 131975
255                                                                                               2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3118923
256                                                                                               2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3431871
257                                                                                               2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
258                                                                                               2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305538
259                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883827
260                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153125
261                                                                                               2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
262                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 190515
263                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 848625
264                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 164250
265                                                                                                2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140501
266                                                                                                                       2021, OD, NIH Office of the Director, OD, 272427
267                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 737106
268                                                                                               2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
269                                                                                               2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305536
270                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
271                                                                                               2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3247268
272                                                                                               2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305536
273                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883830
274                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 204266
275                                                                                               2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3240905
276                                                                                                 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 58120
277                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
278                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 152010
279                                                                                                2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883830
280                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 131975
281                                                                                               2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
282                                                                                               2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3191459
283                                                                                               2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3215147
284                                                               2023, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 260792
285                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 190515
286                                                                                                2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 848625
287                                                                                                                          2013, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 318467
288                                                                                                                          2018, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 374028
289                                                                                                                          2020, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 367378
290                                                                                                                          2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 356356
291                                                                                                                          2015, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 345130
292                                                                                                                          2021, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 356356
293                                                                                                                          2019, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 426385
294                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 228275
295                                                                                                2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 254367
296                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 168984
297                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 387426
298                                                                                                 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63557
299                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 942423
300                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 163515
301                                                                                               2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2009130
302                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 716598
303                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
304                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
305                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267397
306                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
307                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
308                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 676693
309                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223644
310                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223641
311                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 630422
312                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 520285
313                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 256346
314                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 723773
315                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 330765
316                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 551117
317                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 328895
318                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
319                                                                                               2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2424286
320                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 955080
321                                                                                               2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2032819
322                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 126552
323                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 690498
324                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
325                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
326                                                                                                2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 352262
327                                                                                                 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 74882
328                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
329                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
330                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
331                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267397
332                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
333                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
334                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
335                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 236323
336                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 125991
337                                                                                               2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2058575
338                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 357858
339                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 333747
340                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290601
341                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 249462
342                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 100480
343                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
344                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
345                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116269
346                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
347                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 761093
348                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
349                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
350                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 729452
351                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 645260
352                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
353                                                                                               2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305536
354                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883830
355                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 733759
356                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
357                                                                                                 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63556
358                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267447
359                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223644
360                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223644
361                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 340683
362                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 277263
363                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 126029
364                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 292045
365                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 156025
366                                                                                               2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2170266
367                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
368                                                                                               2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1042950
369                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 543270
370                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
371                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 440022
372                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 181902
373                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143771
374                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
375                                                                                                 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63557
376                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 705596
377                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
378                                                                                                2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 442142
379                                                                                               2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2064938
380                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
381                                                                                                2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 434294
382                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 608228
383                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 320513
384                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
385                                                                                                 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63557
386                                                                                                2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 756284
387                                                                                                2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267396
388                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 606299
389                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 277653
390                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 731774
391                                                                                                2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153372
392                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 246379
393                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
394                                                                                                2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
395                                                                                                2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
396                                                                                                2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 163568
    cong_dist
1       ID-01
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3       ID-01
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8       ID-01
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93      ID-02
94      ID-02
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102     ID-01
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118     ID-02
119     ID-01
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121     ID-02
122     ID-02
123     ID-02
124     ID-02
125     ID-01
126     ID-01
127     ID-01
128     ID-01
129     ID-01
130     ID-01
131     ID-01
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133     ID-02
134     ID-01
135     ID-01
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137     ID-01
138     ID-01
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140     ID-01
141     ID-01
142     ID-01
143     ID-01
144     ID-01
145     ID-01
146     ID-01
147     ID-01
148     ID-01
149     ID-01
150     ID-01
151     ID-01
152     ID-01
153     ID-01
154     ID-01
155     ID-01
156     ID-01
157     ID-01
158     ID-01
159     ID-01
160     ID-01
161     ID-01
162     ID-01
163     ID-01
164     ID-01
165     ID-01
166     ID-01
167     ID-01
168     ID-01
169     ID-01
170     ID-01
171     ID-01
172     ID-01
173     ID-01
174     ID-01
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176     ID-02
177     ID-02
178     ID-02
179     ID-02
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181     ID-02
182     ID-02
183     ID-02
184     ID-02
185     ID-02
186     ID-02
187     ID-02
188     ID-02
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190     ID-02
191     ID-02
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193     ID-02
194     ID-02
195     ID-02
196     ID-02
197     ID-02
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199     ID-02
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201     ID-02
202     ID-02
203     ID-02
204     ID-02
205     ID-02
206     ID-02
207     ID-02
208     ID-02
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210     ID-02
211     ID-02
212     ID-02
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214     ID-02
215     ID-02
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219     ID-01
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223     ID-02
224     ID-02
225     ID-02
226     ID-01
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229     ID-01
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232     ID-02
233     ID-02
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235     ID-01
236     ID-01
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240     ID-01
241     ID-01
242     ID-01
243     ID-01
244     ID-01
245     ID-01
246     ID-01
247     ID-01
248     ID-01
249     ID-01
250     ID-01
251     ID-01
252     ID-01
253     ID-01
254     ID-01
255     ID-01
256     ID-01
257     ID-01
258     ID-01
259     ID-01
260     ID-01
261     ID-01
262     ID-01
263     ID-01
264     ID-01
265     ID-01
266     ID-01
267     ID-01
268     ID-01
269     ID-01
270     ID-01
271     ID-01
272     ID-01
273     ID-01
274     ID-01
275     ID-01
276     ID-01
277     ID-01
278     ID-01
279     ID-01
280     ID-01
281     ID-01
282     ID-01
283     ID-01
284     ID-01
285     ID-01
286     ID-01
287     ID-01
288     ID-01
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294     ID-01
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310     ID-02
311     ID-01
312     ID-01
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314     ID-01
315     ID-01
316     ID-01
317     ID-01
318     ID-02
319     ID-01
320     ID-01
321     ID-01
322     ID-01
323     ID-02
324     ID-02
325     ID-02
326     ID-01
327     ID-01
328     ID-02
329     ID-02
330     ID-02
331     ID-02
332     ID-02
333     ID-02
334     ID-02
335     ID-01
336     ID-01
337     ID-01
338     ID-01
339     ID-01
340     ID-02
341     ID-01
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343     ID-01
344     ID-01
345     ID-02
346     ID-01
347     ID-02
348     ID-02
349     ID-02
350     ID-01
351     ID-01
352     ID-01
353     ID-01
354     ID-01
355     ID-02
356     ID-02
357     ID-01
358     ID-02
359     ID-02
360     ID-02
361     ID-01
362     ID-01
363     ID-01
364     ID-01
365     ID-01
366     ID-01
367     ID-01
368     ID-01
369     ID-01
370     ID-01
371     ID-02
372     ID-01
373     ID-01
374     ID-01
375     ID-01
376     ID-02
377     ID-02
378     ID-01
379     ID-01
380     ID-01
381     ID-01
382     ID-01
383     ID-01
384     ID-01
385     ID-01
386     ID-01
387     ID-02
388     ID-01
389     ID-01
390     ID-01
391     ID-01
392     ID-02
393     ID-02
394     ID-02
395     ID-02
396     ID-01
                                                       spending_categories
1                                                                     NULL
2                                                                     NULL
3                                                                     NULL
4                                                                     NULL
5                                                                     NULL
6                                                                     NULL
7                                                                     NULL
8                                                                     NULL
9                                                                     NULL
10                                                                    NULL
11                                                                    NULL
12                                                                    NULL
13                                                                    NULL
14                                                                    NULL
15                                                                    NULL
16                                                                    NULL
17                                                                    NULL
18                                                                    NULL
19                                                                    NULL
20                                                                    NULL
21                                                                    NULL
22                                                                    NULL
23                                                                    NULL
24                                                                    NULL
25                                                                    NULL
26                                                                    NULL
27                                            118, 238, 276, 453, 525, 679
28                                       108, 140, 272, 276, 299, 796, 803
29                                                                    NULL
30                                             89, 338, 437, 525, 729, 881
31                                                                101, 108
32                                                                    NULL
33                                                              3641, 3584
34                                                 101, 108, 731, 796, 803
35                                                          120, 132, 3724
36                                                            89, 101, 329
37                                               101, 4835, 5009, 246, 338
38                                                           276, 338, 784
39                                                           276, 338, 784
40                                                                     276
41                                                                     276
42                                                           89, 4998, 443
43                                                           89, 4998, 443
44                                                      259, 520, 525, 731
45                                                                    NULL
46                                               120, 132, 257, 3999, 3724
47                                                      259, 520, 525, 731
48                                                      259, 276, 320, 525
49                                                      259, 276, 320, 525
50                                                      259, 276, 320, 525
51                                                      259, 520, 525, 731
52                                                  69, 118, 474, 520, 525
53                                                  69, 118, 474, 520, 525
54                                                                    NULL
55                                                  69, 118, 474, 520, 525
56                                                                    NULL
57                       31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
58                       31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
59                       31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
60                       31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
61                           31, 3641, 3584, 560, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
62                                                                    NULL
63                                                                    NULL
64                                                                    NULL
65                                                                    NULL
66                                                              3641, 3584
67                                                              3641, 3584
68                                                                    NULL
69                                                                    NULL
70                                                                 31, 259
71                                                                 31, 259
72                                                                 31, 259
73                                                                 31, 259
74                                                                    NULL
75                                                                101, 108
76                       89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 4998, 298, 443, 679, 4793
77                                   89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 298, 443, 679
78                                      101, 176, 180, 4998, 298, 443, 679
79                       89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 4998, 298, 443, 679, 4793
80                       89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 4998, 298, 443, 679, 4793
81                             89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 298, 443, 679, 4793
82                                           229, 176, 2382, 525, 679, 729
83                                                229, 176, 2382, 525, 679
84                                                      246, 276, 338, 784
85                                                      246, 276, 338, 784
86                                                       31, 101, 176, 372
87                                                                101, 338
88                             3932, 176, 3810, 4243, 3584, 536, 701, 3724
89                                               3932, 176, 4243, 536, 701
90                             3932, 176, 3810, 4243, 3584, 536, 701, 3724
91                                                     3932, 176, 536, 701
92                             3932, 176, 3810, 4243, 3584, 536, 701, 3724
93                               101, 176, 180, 3641, 536, 3920, 770, 3724
94                                    101, 176, 180, 3641, 536, 3920, 3724
95                                                101, 176, 180, 536, 3920
96                                                     101, 176, 536, 3920
97                        259, 276, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
98                                                     2382, 338, 525, 679
99                                                     2382, 338, 525, 679
100                                                    2382, 338, 525, 679
101                                                    2382, 338, 525, 679
102                                                     101, 731, 796, 803
103                                                     101, 731, 796, 803
104                                  36, 89, 176, 180, 679, 817, 867, 3265
105                                  36, 89, 176, 180, 679, 817, 867, 3265
106                                                232, 338, 437, 729, 881
107                                                232, 338, 437, 729, 881
108                                                232, 338, 437, 729, 881
109                                                232, 338, 437, 729, 881
110                                            31, 118, 276, 520, 525, 624
111                                                                   NULL
112                                                                   NULL
113                                                        176, 3641, 3584
114                                                      31, 259, 276, 525
115                                                        176, 3641, 3584
116                                                      31, 259, 276, 525
117                                                        176, 3641, 3584
118                                                                    176
119                                                101, 108, 132, 272, 276
120                                                101, 108, 132, 272, 276
121                                                     108, 232, 246, 338
122                                                                   NULL
123         101, 108, 120, 132, 1393, 4835, 5005, 246, 276, 320, 338, 3724
124                                                               108, 276
125                                 259, 525, 679, 689, 729, 731, 796, 803
126                                 259, 525, 679, 689, 729, 731, 796, 803
127                                                                   NULL
128                                      101, 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
129                                      101, 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
130                                      101, 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
131                                           108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
132                                                                   NULL
133                                            31, 118, 276, 520, 525, 624
134                                           259, 520, 525, 731, 796, 803
135                                           259, 520, 525, 731, 796, 803
136                                                                   NULL
137                                                108, 120, 132, 276, 320
138                                          108, 120, 132, 1393, 276, 320
139                                          108, 120, 132, 1393, 276, 320
140                                                                   NULL
141                                                                   NULL
142                                                                   NULL
143                                                                   NULL
144                                                                   NULL
145                                                                    338
146                                                                   NULL
147                                                                   NULL
148                               101, 229, 120, 132, 4372, 329, 701, 3724
149                                                                   NULL
150                                                              338, 4243
151                                                                   NULL
152                                                                   NULL
153                                          101, 120, 132, 275, 276, 3724
154                                                                   NULL
155                               101, 229, 120, 132, 4372, 329, 701, 3724
156                                          101, 120, 132, 275, 276, 3724
157                                                                   NULL
158                                                               338, 408
159                                                                   NULL
160                                                                   NULL
161                                                                   NULL
162                                89, 176, 4835, 246, 338, 701, 770, 4793
163                                                                   NULL
164                                                                   NULL
165                                                                89, 338
166                                                                   NULL
167                                                                   NULL
168                                                                   NULL
169                                                                   NULL
170                                                                   NULL
171                                                                   NULL
172                                                108, 216, 232, 276, 338
173                                                108, 216, 232, 276, 338
174                                                     276, 338, 536, 784
175                                                     276, 338, 536, 784
176                                                                   NULL
177                                                                    108
178                                                                   NULL
179                                                                   NULL
180                                                                   NULL
181                                                                   NULL
182                                                                    101
183                                                     118, 520, 525, 624
184                                                                    276
185                                                                   NULL
186                                                           69, 276, 779
187                                                                   NULL
188                                                                   NULL
189                                                                    140
190                                                     101, 372, 731, 732
191                                                                   NULL
192                                                                   NULL
193                                                                   NULL
194                                                                    101
195                                                                   NULL
196                                                                   NULL
197                                                              101, 4835
198                                                                   NULL
199                                                                   NULL
200                                                     171, 232, 276, 400
201                                                                   NULL
202                                                                   NULL
203                                                                    101
204                                                                    101
205                                                               101, 731
206                                                                   NULL
207                                                                   NULL
208                                                          120, 132, 701
209                                                                   NULL
210                                                                   NULL
211                                                     118, 520, 525, 624
212                                                           69, 276, 779
213                                                                   NULL
214                                                                    101
215                                                                   NULL
216                                                                    101
217                                                     118, 520, 525, 624
218                                                                   NULL
219                                                               108, 525
220                                                                   NULL
221                                                                   NULL
222                                                                   NULL
223                      2597, 31, 40, 3246, 108, 118, 2067, 276, 520, 525
224                                            31, 40, 118, 2067, 520, 525
225         2597, 31, 40, 3246, 81, 89, 118, 140, 2067, 276, 443, 520, 525
226                                                                   NULL
227                                                                   NULL
228                                                                   NULL
229                                                                   NULL
230                                                                   NULL
231                                                                   NULL
232                                 101, 108, 132, 176, 276, 408, 409, 496
233                                 101, 108, 132, 176, 276, 408, 409, 496
234                                 101, 108, 132, 176, 276, 408, 409, 496
235                                                          259, 276, 525
236                                           118, 238, 259, 276, 453, 525
237                                      50, 92, 246, 276, 3641, 338, 3584
238                                                       50, 92, 246, 338
239                                                       50, 92, 246, 338
240                                                       50, 92, 246, 338
241                                                  50, 92, 246, 276, 338
242                                                       50, 92, 246, 338
243                                                  50, 92, 246, 276, 338
244                                                       50, 92, 246, 338
245                                                                    276
246                                           108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
247                                                               101, 276
248                                           108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
249                                           108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
250                                           108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
251                                      276, 318, 338, 525, 679, 796, 803
252                                 276, 318, 338, 525, 679, 689, 796, 803
253                                                                   NULL
254                                                                   NULL
255                                                                    176
256                                                                   NULL
257                                                                   NULL
258                                                                    176
259                                                                    176
260                     101, 229, 176, 4531, 259, 276, 4372, 329, 525, 731
261                                                                   NULL
262                                                                   NULL
263                                                                   NULL
264                                                                    176
265                                                                    176
266  44, 3932, 176, 224, 3641, 3810, 4764, 3584, 536, 679, 770, 4793, 3724
267                        108, 176, 4835, 5011, 246, 3641, 338, 770, 4793
268                                                                   NULL
269                                                                    176
270                                                                    176
271                                                                   NULL
272                                                                   NULL
273                                                                   NULL
274                                                                   NULL
275                                                                   NULL
276                                                                    176
277                                                                   NULL
278                                           117, 118, 132, 176, 525, 729
279                                                                    176
280                                                                    176
281                                                                   NULL
282                                                                   NULL
283                                                                   NULL
284                                                                   NULL
285                                                                   NULL
286                                                                   NULL
287                                           108, 259, 276, 525, 796, 803
288             259, 276, 436, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
289 259, 276, 3641, 436, 3584, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
290 259, 276, 3641, 436, 3584, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
291                                      108, 259, 276, 525, 731, 796, 802
292 259, 276, 3641, 436, 3584, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
293             259, 276, 436, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
294                                                                    101
295                                                                    101
296                                                                    101
297                                                               276, 320
298                                                                     44
299                                                                   NULL
300                                                              338, 4243
301                                                                   NULL
302                                                                   NULL
303                                                               101, 329
304                                                                   NULL
305                                                                    108
306                                                                    140
307                                                     101, 372, 731, 732
308                                                                   NULL
309                                                                    140
310                                                     101, 372, 731, 732
311                                                                   NULL
312                                                                   NULL
313                                                          108, 276, 320
314                                                                   NULL
315                                                               338, 408
316                                                                   NULL
317                                                          108, 276, 320
318                                                                    140
319                                                                    176
320                                                                    176
321                                                                   NULL
322                                                           89, 101, 338
323                                                                   NULL
324                                           69, 118, 3466, 474, 520, 525
325                                                     118, 520, 525, 624
326                                                               276, 320
327                                                                     44
328                                                                    140
329                                                          120, 132, 701
330                                                     101, 372, 731, 732
331                                                                    108
332                                                     101, 372, 731, 732
333                                                     171, 232, 276, 400
334                                                         120, 3932, 132
335                                                               276, 320
336                                                                89, 338
337                                                                   NULL
338                                                               338, 408
339                                                               338, 408
340                                                                   NULL
341                                                               101, 108
342                                                               101, 329
343                                                               101, 329
344                                                                   NULL
345                                                                   NULL
346                                                                    176
347                                                                   NULL
348                                                                   NULL
349                                                     171, 232, 276, 400
350                                                                   NULL
351                                                                   NULL
352                                                                    176
353                                                                    176
354                                                                    176
355                                                                   NULL
356                                                                   NULL
357                                                                     44
358                                                                    108
359                                                         120, 3932, 132
360                                                     171, 232, 276, 400
361                                                               338, 408
362                                                                    338
363                                                               101, 338
364                                                                    338
365                                                               101, 338
366                                                                   NULL
367                                                               101, 329
368                                                                   NULL
369                                                                   NULL
370                                                                   NULL
371                                                                    101
372                               101, 229, 120, 132, 4372, 329, 701, 3724
373                                                               101, 329
374                                                                   NULL
375                                                                     44
376                                                                   NULL
377                                                     171, 232, 276, 400
378                                                                   NULL
379                                                                   NULL
380                                                               101, 329
381                                                               276, 320
382                                                                   NULL
383                                                                    338
384                                                                   NULL
385                                                                44, 770
386                                                                   NULL
387                                                                    108
388                                                                   NULL
389                                                                    338
390                                                                   NULL
391                                          101, 120, 132, 275, 276, 3724
392                                                                   NULL
393                             31, 55, 101, 616, 176, 2599, 618, 701, 732
394                                                           69, 276, 779
395                                                          120, 132, 701
396                                                               101, 329
      project_start_date     project_end_date opportunity_number
1   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
2   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
3   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
4   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
5   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
6   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
7   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-22-250
8   2023-09-26T12:09:00Z 2026-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-23-003
9   2023-08-01T12:08:00Z 2028-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-22-125
10  2023-07-03T12:07:00Z 2028-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-20-153
11  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
12  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
13  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
14  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
15  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
16  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
17  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-19-313
18  2023-03-17T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
19  2023-03-01T12:03:00Z 2026-02-28T12:02:00Z         PAR-21-155
20  2023-02-27T12:02:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
21  2023-01-23T12:01:00Z 2024-12-31T12:12:00Z          PA-20-195
22  2023-01-23T12:01:00Z 2025-12-31T12:12:00Z          PA-20-195
23  2022-11-01T12:11:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
24  2022-10-20T12:10:00Z 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-21-268
25  2022-09-20T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-21-155
26  2022-09-20T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-20-272
27  2022-09-08T12:09:00Z 2023-02-15T12:02:00Z          PA-20-200
28  2022-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-21-155
29  2022-08-08T12:08:00Z 2026-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-20-185
30  2022-08-08T12:08:00Z 2026-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-20-185
31  2022-08-01T12:08:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-21-125
32  2022-08-01T12:08:00Z 2027-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-19-299
33  2022-08-01T12:08:00Z 2027-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-19-299
34  2022-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
35  2022-04-18T12:04:00Z 2025-03-31T12:03:00Z         PAR-21-155
36  2021-09-23T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-20-272
37  2021-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-20-084
38  2021-07-13T12:07:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-20-195
39  2021-07-13T12:07:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-20-195
40  2021-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-714
41  2021-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
42  2021-03-11T12:03:00Z 2024-02-29T12:02:00Z         PAR-19-275
43  2021-03-11T12:03:00Z 2023-02-28T12:02:00Z         PAR-19-275
44  2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-19-056
45  2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-19-056
46  2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-18-714
47  2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-19-056
48  2020-08-16T12:08:00Z 2023-08-15T12:08:00Z          PA-19-195
49  2020-08-16T12:08:00Z 2023-08-15T12:08:00Z          PA-19-195
50  2020-08-16T12:08:00Z 2023-02-15T12:02:00Z          PA-19-195
51  2020-08-01T12:08:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-19-056
52  2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-19-056
53  2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-19-056
54  2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-19-056
55  2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-19-056
56  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-442
57  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-442
58  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-442
59  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-442
60  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-442
61  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-18-592
62  2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-442
63  2020-02-01T12:02:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-18-714
64  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-18-484
65  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-18-484
66  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-21-071
67  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-18-484
68  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-18-484
69  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-18-484
70  2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-18-484
71  2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-18-484
72  2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-18-484
73  2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-18-484
74  2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-18-484
75  2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-18-504
76  2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-007
77  2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-007
78  2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-222
79  2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-007
80  2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-007
81  2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-007
82  2019-04-01T12:04:00Z 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-18-484
83  2019-04-01T12:04:00Z 2021-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-18-484
84  2018-12-07T12:12:00Z 2021-11-30T12:11:00Z          PA-18-489
85  2018-12-07T12:12:00Z 2020-11-30T12:11:00Z          PA-18-489
86  2018-09-30T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-16-200
87  2018-09-19T12:09:00Z 2022-03-20T12:03:00Z          PA-16-200
88  2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-16-366
89  2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-16-366
90  2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-16-366
91  2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-16-366
92  2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-16-366
93  2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-20-272
94  2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-360
95  2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-360
96  2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-360
97  2018-08-12T12:08:00Z 2020-08-15T12:08:00Z          PA-18-586
98  2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-16-160
99  2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-16-160
100 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-16-160
101 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-16-160
102 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-162
103 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-162
104 2018-07-01T12:07:00Z 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-15-294
105 2018-07-01T12:07:00Z 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-15-294
106 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-160
107 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-160
108 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-160
109 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-160
110 2017-09-15T12:09:00Z 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-16-288
111 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-110
112 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-110
113 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-18-591
114 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-16-161
115 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-110
116 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-16-161
117 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-110
118 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-16-110
119 2017-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-007
120 2017-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-007
121 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-16-200
122 2017-05-17T12:05:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-20-272
123 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-21-155
124 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-16-200
125 2016-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-13-303
126 2016-09-30T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-13-303
127 2016-08-19T12:08:00Z 2018-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-13-302
128 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      RFA-GM-16-570
129 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z      RFA-GM-16-570
130 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      RFA-GM-16-570
131 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      RFA-GM-16-570
132 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2027-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-20-185
133 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-13-313
134 2016-04-01T12:04:00Z 2019-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-13-303
135 2016-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-13-303
136 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-13-313
137 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z 2018-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-11-197
138 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-11-197
139 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z 2018-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-11-197
140 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-14-175
141 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-14-175
142 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z         PAR-14-175
143 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
144 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
145 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
146 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
147 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
148 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
149 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
150 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
151 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
152 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
153 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
154 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
155 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
156 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
157 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
158 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
159 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
160 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-035
161 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
162 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-18-935
163 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
164 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
165 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
166 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
167 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-14-035
168 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
169 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-20-272
170 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
171 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z         PAR-19-312
172 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-13-303
173 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-13-303
174 2014-08-15T12:08:00Z 2017-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-13-303
175 2014-08-15T12:08:00Z 2016-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-13-303
176 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
177 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
178 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
179 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
180 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
181 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
182 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
183 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
184 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
185 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
186 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
187 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
188 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
189 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
190 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
191 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
192 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
193 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
194 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
195 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
196 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
197 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-18-935
198 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
199 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-20-272
200 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
201 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
202 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
203 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
204 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
205 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-20-272
206 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
207 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-20-272
208 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-11-286
209 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
210 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
211 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
212 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
213 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
214 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
215 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
216 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
217 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-18-264
218 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-20-272
219 2014-05-15T12:05:00Z 2015-09-14T12:09:00Z         PAR-13-008
220 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-09-29T12:09:00Z          SM-13-009
221 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-09-29T12:09:00Z          SM-13-009
222 2013-07-01T12:07:00Z 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-16-285
223 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z          PA-18-504
224 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-12-006
225 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-21-155
226 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
227 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
228 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
229 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
230 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
231 2012-09-01T12:09:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-13-313
232 2011-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-10-062
233 2011-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-10-062
234 2011-09-30T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-10-062
235 2010-09-01T12:09:00Z 2015-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-07-070
236 2010-09-01T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z          PA-07-070
237 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-222
238 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-16-160
239 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-16-160
240 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-16-160
241 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-07-070
242 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-16-160
243 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-07-070
244 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-16-160
245 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-10-067
246 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2022-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-16-160
247 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-10-067
248 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-16-160
249 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2022-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-16-160
250 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2022-03-31T12:03:00Z          PA-16-160
251 2002-12-15T12:12:00Z 2014-11-30T12:11:00Z          PA-07-070
252 2002-12-15T12:12:00Z 2016-11-30T12:11:00Z          PA-07-070
253 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
254 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
255 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2014-05-31T12:05:00Z         PAR-08-150
256 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
257 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
258 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
259 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
260 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
261 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
262 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
263 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
264 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
265 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
266 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
267 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-18-935
268 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
269 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
270 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
271 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
272 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
273 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
274 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
275 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
276 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
277 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
278 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-18-591
279 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
280 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
281 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-18-262
282 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
283 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
284 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
285 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
286 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z          PA-20-272
287 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2015-06-30T12:06:00Z          PA-07-070
288 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-160
289 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-160
290 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z          PA-16-160
291 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2017-09-29T12:09:00Z          PA-13-302
292 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-160
293 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z          PA-16-160
294                 <NA> 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
295                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
296                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
297                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
298                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
299                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-19-312
300                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-19-312
301                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
302                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
303                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
304                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
305                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
306                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
307                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
308                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
309                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
310                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
311                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
312                 <NA> 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
313                 <NA> 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
314                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
315                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
316                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
317                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
318                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
319                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
320                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
321                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
322                 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-035
323                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
324                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
325                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
326                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
327                 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
328                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
329                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
330                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
331                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
332                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
333                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
334                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
335                 <NA> 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
336                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
337                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
338                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
339                 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-035
340                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
341                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
342                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
343                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
344                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
345                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
346                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
347                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
348                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
349                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
350                 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-035
351                 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-035
352                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
353                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
354                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-262
355                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
356                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
357                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
358                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
359                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
360                 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z         PAR-11-286
361                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
362                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
363                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
364                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
365                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
366                 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
367                 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
368                 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z         PAR-12-205
369                 <NA> 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
370                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
371                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
372                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-19-312
373                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
374                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
375                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
376                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
377                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
378                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
379                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
380                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
381                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-10-196
382                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
383                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
384                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
385                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-12-205
386                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
387                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
388                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-14-035
389                 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z         PAR-14-035
390                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-19-312
391                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-19-312
392                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
393                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
394                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-18-264
395                 <NA>                 <NA>         PAR-11-286
396                 <NA> 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z         PAR-10-196
       award_notice_date is_new mechanism_code_dc core_project_num
1   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
2   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
3   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
4   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
5   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
6   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
7   2024-03-11T12:03:00Z   TRUE                RC      P20GM152304
8   2023-09-25T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM152736
9   2023-07-26T12:07:00Z  FALSE                TI      T34GM142620
10  2023-07-03T12:07:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM150142
11  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
12  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
13  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
14  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
15  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
16  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
17  2023-04-06T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM148321
18  2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
19  2023-02-17T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15HL167130
20  2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
21  2023-01-23T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI175749
22  2024-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI175749
23  2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
24  2023-02-09T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15NS107743
25  2022-09-16T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM148920
26  2023-06-26T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM148920
27  2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R03NS130141
28  2022-08-11T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15HL165397
29  2023-06-26T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI165481
30  2022-08-08T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI165481
31  2022-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                OR      S10OD032354
32  2023-08-18T12:08:00Z  FALSE                TI      T34GM146634
33  2022-08-01T12:08:00Z  FALSE                TI      T34GM146634
34  2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
35  2022-04-18T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15CA271157
36  2021-09-23T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15AR075314
37  2021-07-28T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EB031257
38  2022-06-16T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI163870
39  2021-07-12T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI163870
40  2021-04-27T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM141770
41  2022-06-20T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM141770
42  2022-02-24T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21MH126076
43  2021-03-11T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21MH126076
44  2021-09-01T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030467
45  2023-08-23T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030467
46  2020-08-25T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15CA242471
47  2022-08-22T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030467
48  2021-07-26T12:07:00Z  FALSE                TR      F31EY031962
49  2020-07-23T12:07:00Z  FALSE                TR      F31EY031962
50  2022-08-12T12:08:00Z  FALSE                TR      F31EY031962
51  2020-07-22T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030467
52  2020-06-30T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01NS110934
53  2022-04-14T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01NS110934
54  2023-04-07T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01NS110934
55  2021-04-23T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01NS110934
56  2024-01-29T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
57  2021-02-17T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
58  2022-02-01T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
59  2020-02-28T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
60  2022-02-03T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
61  2020-11-13T12:11:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
62  2023-04-18T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AG059923
63  2020-01-27T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM134501
64  2020-08-18T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM127675
65  2021-07-28T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM127675
66  2021-09-14T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM127675
67  2022-08-01T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM127675
68  2019-09-16T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM127675
69  2022-07-29T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM127675
70  2022-06-24T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030067
71  2019-07-02T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030067
72  2021-06-16T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030067
73  2020-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030067
74  2023-06-09T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY030067
75  2019-08-13T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15AR075314
76  2022-04-29T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01MH119127
77  2019-05-09T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01MH119127
78  2021-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01MH119127
79  2021-05-14T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01MH119127
80  2022-05-03T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01MH119127
81  2020-05-18T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01MH119127
82  2019-03-27T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01NS111283
83  2020-03-27T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01NS111283
84  2019-11-26T12:11:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI135691
85  2018-12-07T12:12:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI135691
86  2018-09-20T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15AG059655
87  2018-09-18T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15EB024930
88  2021-07-12T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01HD092297
89  2019-07-02T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01HD092297
90  2020-06-30T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01HD092297
91  2018-09-05T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01HD092297
92  2022-06-20T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01HD092297
93  2021-08-17T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      K01ES028745
94  2020-08-06T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      K01ES028745
95  2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                OR      K01ES028745
96  2018-08-29T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      K01ES028745
97  2018-09-13T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
98  2018-08-07T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI139503
99  2020-07-17T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI139503
100 2021-07-15T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI139503
101 2019-07-23T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI139503
102 2018-07-24T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R03EB024134
103 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R03EB024134
104 2019-06-28T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AA023880
105 2018-06-19T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AA023880
106 2019-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI131609
107 2020-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI131609
108 2021-05-11T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI131609
109 2018-05-25T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI131609
110 2017-09-05T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15NS096702
111 2018-08-27T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM123927
112 2017-08-18T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM123927
113 2020-09-04T12:09:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM123927
114 2017-08-22T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EY028297
115 2021-09-09T12:09:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM123927
116 2018-08-27T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EY028297
117 2020-09-03T12:09:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM123927
118 2019-09-09T12:09:00Z  FALSE                OR      R25GM123927
119 2017-07-26T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R03CA216179
120 2018-06-20T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R03CA216179
121 2017-06-23T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM125065
122 2023-05-23T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM123446
123 2022-07-26T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM123446
124 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM123446
125 2017-08-10T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EY026501
126 2016-09-15T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EY026501
127 2017-05-03T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R56AI118926
128 2018-04-25T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM122079
129 2019-04-29T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM122079
130 2017-04-14T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM122079
131 2016-07-26T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM122079
132 2023-09-18T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM122079
133 2016-04-15T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15NS096702
134 2017-03-27T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EY026814
135 2016-03-31T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21EY026814
136 2016-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM117323
137 2015-09-16T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R00HG007368
138 2017-07-07T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R00HG007368
139 2016-06-29T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R00HG007368
140 2017-04-28T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      U01OH010841
141 2015-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      U01OH010841
142 2016-06-20T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      U01OH010841
143 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
144 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
145 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
146 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
147 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
148 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
149 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
150 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
151 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
152 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
153 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
154 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
155 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
156 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
157 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
158 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
159 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
160 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
161 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
162 2020-08-14T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
163 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
164 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
165 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
166 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
167 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
168 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
169 2023-09-12T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
170 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
171 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
172 2014-08-14T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21DE023924
173 2015-08-11T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21DE023924
174 2015-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI113617
175 2014-07-07T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RP      R21AI113617
176 2016-08-15T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
177 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
178 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
179 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
180 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
181 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
182 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
183 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
184 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
185 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
186 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
187 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
188 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
189 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
190 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
191 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
192 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
193 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
194 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
195 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
196 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
197 2022-06-20T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
198 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
199 2023-08-24T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
200 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
201 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
202 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
203 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
204 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
205 2021-08-13T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
206 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
207 2023-09-05T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
208 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
209 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
210 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
211 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
212 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
213 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
214 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
215 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
216 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
217 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
218 2023-08-24T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
219 2014-05-14T12:05:00Z  FALSE                OR      S10OD018044
220 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z  FALSE                UK      U79SM061459
221 2014-07-10T12:07:00Z  FALSE                UK      U79SM061459
222 2017-05-26T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM105686
223 2019-01-23T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15AG042781
224 2013-05-23T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15AG042781
225 2022-08-12T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15AG042781
226 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
227 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
228 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
229 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
230 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
231 2017-01-27T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R15GM102852
232 2014-08-26T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      K25GM093233
233 2013-08-30T12:08:00Z  FALSE                OR      K25GM093233
234 2015-09-16T12:09:00Z  FALSE                OR      K25GM093233
235 2013-08-16T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY020857
236 2014-08-06T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY020857
237 2022-08-15T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
238 2020-04-09T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
239 2019-03-28T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
240 2022-03-25T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
241 2013-04-03T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
242 2021-04-21T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
243 2014-04-08T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
244 2018-05-15T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI084918
245 2013-05-20T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM076040
246 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM076040
247 2014-04-22T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM076040
248 2021-04-21T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM076040
249 2019-02-28T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM076040
250 2020-03-19T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01GM076040
251 2012-12-03T12:12:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI051463
252 2013-11-08T12:11:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01AI051463
253 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
254 2020-08-03T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
255 2013-03-11T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
256 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
257 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
258 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
259 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
260 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
261 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
262 2023-05-08T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
263 2023-09-18T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
264 2019-08-27T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
265 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
266 2021-08-12T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
267 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
268 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
269 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
270 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
271 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
272 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
273 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
274 2023-06-26T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
275 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
276 2014-08-25T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
277 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
278 2020-08-10T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
279 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
280 2020-08-03T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
281 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
282 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
283 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
284 2023-09-15T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
285 2023-05-08T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
286 2023-09-18T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
287 2013-06-06T12:06:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
288 2018-01-26T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
289 2020-01-14T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
290 2022-01-24T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
291 2015-09-18T12:09:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
292 2021-01-26T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
293 2019-01-14T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RP      R01EY012146
294 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
295 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
296 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
297 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
298 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
299 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
300 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
301 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
302 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
303 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
304 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
305 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
306 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
307 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
308 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
309 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
310 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
311 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
312 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
313 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
314 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
315 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
316 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
317 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
318 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
319 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
320 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
321 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
322 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
323 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
324 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
325 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
326 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
327 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
328 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
329 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
330 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
331 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
332 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
333 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
334 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
335 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
336 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
337 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
338 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
339 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
340 2016-08-15T12:08:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
341 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
342 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
343 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
344 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
345 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
346 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
347 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
348 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
349 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
350 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
351 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
352 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
353 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
354 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
355 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
356 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
357 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
358 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
359 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
360 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
361 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
362 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
363 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
364 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
365 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
366 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
367 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
368 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
369 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
370 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
371 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
372 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
373 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
374 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
375 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
376 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
377 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
378 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
379 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
380 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
381 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
382 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
383 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
384 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
385 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM103408
386 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
387 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
388 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
389 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
390 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
391 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM104420
392 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
393 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
394 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
395 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z  FALSE                RC      P20GM109095
396 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z  FALSE                RC      P30GM103324
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        terms
1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Women's Health><health care><Healthcare><physical disability><physically disabled><physically handicapped><timeline><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><improved><Area><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Rural><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><healthy food><Health Food><Body fat><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Complex><Source><interest><meetings><meeting><Services><experience><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><Nutrient><Basic Science><Basic Research><outreach><social><reproductive><health disparity><disparity in health><Institution><Address><Evidence based practice><International><Qualifying><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Clinical Nutrition><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><nutritious><Nutritional><Monitor><sex><developmental><Development><preclinical><pre-clinical><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Population><frontier><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><senescent><senescence><critical period><evidence base><Health Inequity><Inequalities in Health><Inequities in Health><health inequalities><early-career faculty><formative assessment><formative evaluation><institutional capacity><gender disparity><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><recruit><Infrastructure><food insecurity><excessive weight gain><extreme weight gain><serious weight gain><severe weight gain><marginalized population><marginalized group><marginalized individual><marginalized people><driving><Automobile Driving><Biomedical Research><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><Critiques><Dedications><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Faculty><Food><Goals><Grant><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Growth><Health><Idaho><Investments><Laboratories><lactating><lactational><Lactation><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Lead><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Longevity><men><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health><Mentors><Mentorship><nutrition><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><Physicians><Impoverished><Poverty><Gestation><Pregnancy><Productivity><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><social role><Role><Students><Time><Translating><Universities><Woman><Work><Gender><Female Health>
2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Aging><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomy><Anthropometry><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><Biomedical Research><Blood Chemical Analyses><blood chemistry><Blood Chemical Analysis><Body Composition><Respiration Calorimetry><Indirect Calorimetry><Chemistry><Communities><Complement Proteins><complementation><Complement><Computers><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Data Analyses><Data Collection><Dedications><Dietetics><Equipment><Exercise><Faculty><financial assistance><Financial Support><Food><Goals><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Growth><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Intervention Studies><Laboratories><lactating><lactational><Lactation><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Longevity><Maintenance><Methodology><Microbiology><nutrition><Nutritional Assessment><Nutrition Assessment><Physiology><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Gestation><Pregnancy><Productivity><Psychology><Research><Study Type><study design><Research Design><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Running><Science><Diagnostic Findings><Signs and Symptoms><Sociology><Students><Universities><Weight Increase><body weight gain><body weight increase><wt gain><Weight Gain><Weight Loss><Weight Reduction><body weight loss><wt-loss><Body Weight decreased><weights><Weight><technical skills><Technical Expertise><Female Health><Women's Health><Businesses><Specialist><Malnutrition><Nutritional Deficiency><Undernutrition><dietary deficiency><malnourished><nutrition deficiency><nutrition deficiency disorder><nutritional deficiency disorder><human subject><Phase><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Biochemical><Ensure><Training><Discipline><Measurement><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><stable isotope><Metabolic><Genetic><Nature><Nutritional status><Scientist><Services><field study><field based data><field learning><field test><research facility><cohort><Basal metabolic rate><Basal Metabolism><resting metabolic rate><Nutrient><novel><social><Dietary Assessment><Sampling><Ally><Institution><Address><Human Subject Research><International><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><nutritious><Nutritional><Behavioral><mass spectrometer><Clinical assessments><Outcome><Movement science><Kinesiology><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><operations><operation><nutrition science><Nutritional Science><mid-career faculty><associate faculty><associate professor><midcareer faculty><laboratory experience><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><Data Science><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><experiments><health assessment>
3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Academy><Affect><Anxiety><Parturition><Birth><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Calciol><VitD3><Vitamin D 3><Vitamin D3><Cholecalciferol><Systematics><Classification><Maize Oil><Corn Oil><depression><Mental Depression><Double-Blind Study><Double-Blinded><Double-Masked Method><Double-Masked Study><Double-Blind Method><Future><Geographic Area><Geographic Region><Geographical Location><geographic site><Geographic Locations><Goals><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Growth><Health><Endocrine Gland Secretion><Therapeutic Hormone><Hormones><Aeroseb-HC><Cetacort><Cort-Dome><Cortef><Cortenema><Cortisol><Cortispray><Cortril><Dermacort><Eldecort><Hydrocortone><Hytone><Nutracort><Proctocort><Hydrocortisone><Idaho><Immune Globulins><Immunoglobulins><Infant><baby care><infant health care><infant healthcare><newborn care><Infant Care><infants born premature><infants born prematurely><premature baby><premature infant human><preterm baby><preterm infant><preterm infant human><Premature Infant><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Intervention Studies><lactating><lactational><Lactation><Maternal Health><Medicine><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health><Metabolic Disorder><Thesaurismosis><metabolism disorder><Metabolic Diseases><Milk><Breast Milk><Breastmilk><Human Mother's Milk><Mammary Gland Milk><Mother's Milk><maternal milk><Human Milk><Minerals><Mothers><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><neonatal mortalities><newborn death><newborn mortality><Neonatal Mortality><nutrition><Ocytocin><Recombinant Oxytocin><Oxytocin><Sham Treatment><sham therapy><Placebos><Predisposing Factor><Proteins><Public Health><Questionnaires><Research><Risk><Risk Factors><aberrant sleep><disrupted sleep><disturbed sleep><impaired sleep><irregular sleep><sleep disruption><sleep dysregulation><Sleep disturbances><Stress><sun light><Sunlight><Testing><Time><VIT D><Vitamin D><Vitamin D Deficiency><Vitamins><Weight Increase><body weight gain><body weight increase><wt gain><Weight Gain><Woman><Measures><Female Health><Women's Health><post-partum><Postpartum Period><Premature Birth><Prematurely delivering><Preterm Birth><premature childbirth><premature delivery><preterm delivery><rural area><rural location><rural region><improved><Clinical><Physiological><Physiologic><Infant Health><Link><Post-Natal Depression><Post-Partum Depression><Postnatal Depression><Postpartum Depression><Cutaneous><Blood Serum><Serum><mental><Psyche structure><Rural><Compassion><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><healthy food><Health Food><motherhood><Knowledge><Complex><Salivary><neonatal sepsis><experience><stressor><skin color><Nutrient><prenatal><unborn><immunoregulation><Immunomodulation><immune modulation><immune regulation><immunologic reactivity control><immunomodulatory><immunoregulatory><maternal stress><stressed mothers><Dietary Assessment><Intervention Trial><Interventional trial><Emotional><response><Proteomics><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><vulnerable individual><vulnerable people><Dietary intake><prevent><preventing><solar exposure><sun light exposure><sunlight exposure><Sun Exposure><Data><Motor><Protein Analysis><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Supplementation><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><placebo controlled><Placebo Control><randomized placebo control trial><randomized placebo controlled trial><Outcome><Neonatal><Population><frontier><prospective><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><depressed mother><maternal depression><infant outcome><critical period><clinical care><cognitive development><Vitamin D supplementation><Supplementation with vitamin D><vitamin D supplement><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><maternal weight><high risk population><high risk group><high risk individual><high risk people><health of the mother><stress reduction>
4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Adult><Behavior><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Cause of Death><Systematics><Classification><diabetes><Diabetes Mellitus><Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus><Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><NIDDM><Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Stable Diabetes Mellitus><T2 DM><T2D><T2DM><Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus><Type 2 diabetes><Type II Diabetes Mellitus><Type II diabetes><adult onset diabetes><ketosis resistant diabetes><maturity onset diabetes><type 2 DM><type II DM><type two diabetes><Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><diets><Diet><Cognitive Discrimination><Discrimination><Disorder><Disease><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Experimental Designs><fasted><fasts><Fasting><Food><Gases><Sex Roles><Gender Role><Goals><Health><Salutogenesis><promoting health><Health Promotion><Glycohemoglobin A><Hb A1><Hb A1a+b><Hb A1c><HbA1><HbA1c><Hemoglobin A(1)><hemoglobin A1c><Glycosylated hemoglobin A><Idaho><Immigration><Interview><Laboratories><Laws><Lifestyle><Life Style><male><Memory><men><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health><Methods><mortality><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><nutrition><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Pacific Northwest><Races><racial><racial background><racial origin><Race><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><personal care><Self Care><Stress><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Testing><Time><United States><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><Weight Loss><Weight Reduction><body weight loss><wt-loss><Body Weight decreased><Woman><Gender><Measures><Female Health><Women's Health><health care><Healthcare><Hispanic><Socio-economic status><socio-economic position><socioeconomic position><Socioeconomic Status><improved><Area><Chronic><Variant><Variation><Sex Orientation><Sexual Orientation><Physical activity><mental><Psyche structure><disability><Health Care Utilization><health care service use><healthcare service use><healthcare service utilization><healthcare utilization><health care service utilization><Rural><diabetic><Groups at risk><People at risk><Persons at risk><Populations at Risk><Policies><Disease Progression><Ethnicity><Ethnic Origin><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Patriarchies><Micronutrients><healthy food><Health Food><Spottings><Exposure to><Diabetes Complications><Diabetes-Related Complications><Diabetic Complications><Complications of Diabetes Mellitus><Life><programs><Complex><Event><System><Location><Over weight><Overweight><Services><American><experience><Structure><novel><Categories><disorder risk><disease risk><social><Emotional><Modeling><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><vulnerable individual><vulnerable people><diabetes risk><Dietary intake><prevent><preventing><Address><Data><dietary pattern><Dietary Practices><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><life-style factor><lifestyle factors><Non-Hispanic><Nonhispanic><Not Hispanic or Latino><nutritious><Nutritional><trend><Characteristics><developmental><Development><diabetes prevention program><care giving><caregiving><data integration><food security><Population><frontier><caregiving burden><caregiving stress><care giving burden><Prevalence><Consumption><Trauma><innovate><innovative><innovation><emotional factor><nondiabetic><non-diabetic><high risk><diabetes control><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><racial minority><health care service><healthcare service><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><mortality risk><death risk><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics><ethnic minority><Disparity><Disparities><poor health outcome><reduced health outcome><worse health outcome>
5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Air><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomy><Anthropometry><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Body Composition><Chemistry><Complement Proteins><complementation><Complement><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Data Analyses><Data Collection><Dietetics><Engineering><Equipment><Faculty><Floor><Food><Future><Goals><Grant><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Disabled Persons><Health><Heating><Idaho><instrumentation><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Intervention Studies><Laboratories><Photoradiation><Light><Microbiology><nutrition><Physiology><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Psychology><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Running><Science><Sociology><Spectroscopy><Spectrum Analyses><Spectrum Analysis><Steam><Students><Technology><Universities><Urine><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><weights><Weight><X-Radiation><X-Ray Radiation><X-ray><Xray><Roentgen Rays><Privacy><Female Health><Women's Health><Malnutrition><Nutritional Deficiency><Undernutrition><dietary deficiency><malnourished><nutrition deficiency><nutrition deficiency disorder><nutritional deficiency disorder><human subject><improved><Area><Surface><repaired><repair><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Biochemical><Discipline><Measurement><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Metabolic><Genetic><Nature><Nutritional status><Scientist><Hour><System><Location><Height><Services><square foot><sq. ft><Basal metabolic rate><Basal Metabolism><resting metabolic rate><Nutrient><novel><social><Dietary Assessment><Sampling><Ally><Address><Symptoms><Dryness><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><nutritious><Nutritional><Behavioral><mass spectrometer><Clinical assessments><Outcome><Movement science><Kinesiology><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><usability><nutrition science><Nutritional Science><Data Science><Americans with Disabilities Act><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><experiments><health assessment><ventilation>
6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><Award><Budgets><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Critiques><Medical Education><Faculty><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Health Care Providers><Healthcare Providers><Healthcare worker><health care personnel><health care worker><health provider><health workforce><healthcare personnel><medical personnel><treatment provider><Health Personnel><Idaho><Laboratories><Mentors><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><nutrition><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Development and Research><R & D><R&D><research and development><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Risk><Technology><Universities><Career Counseling><Career Guidance><Occupational Guidance><Vocational Counseling><career counselor><executive coaching><Vocational Guidance><Woman><Work><Female Health><Women's Health><Businesses><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><improved><Area><Phase><Ensure><Evaluation><Rural><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Scientist><interest><meetings><meeting><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Services><experience><expectation><member><Reporting><Regulation><career development><scientific organization><Annual Reports><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><vulnerable individual><vulnerable people><Institution><Core Facility><International><Qualifying><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Funding Opportunities><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><Process><developmental><Development><Population><frontier><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><high risk><evidence base><faculty mentor><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><agricultural community><recruit><Infrastructure><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics>
7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Fatty Tissue><adipose><white adipose tissue><yellow adipose tissue><Adipose tissue><Aerobic Activity><Aerobic Training><Aerobic fitness><Aerobic Exercise><ages><Age><Behavior><Body Composition><body perception><Body Image><Body Weight><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Systematics><Classification><co-morbid><co-morbidity><comorbidity><Dancing><Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus><Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><NIDDM><Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Stable Diabetes Mellitus><T2 DM><T2D><T2DM><Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus><Type 2 diabetes><Type II Diabetes Mellitus><Type II diabetes><adult onset diabetes><ketosis resistant diabetes><maturity onset diabetes><type 2 DM><type II DM><type two diabetes><Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><diets><Diet><Exercise><Female><Future><Goals><Health><Endocrine Gland Secretion><Therapeutic Hormone><Hormones><Vascular Hypertensive Disease><Vascular Hypertensive Disorder><high blood pressure><hyperpiesia><hyperpiesis><hypertensive disease><hypertensive disorder><Hypertension><Idaho><Inflammation><Lifestyle><Life Style><Literature><men><Menstrual cycle><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Metabolism><Methodology><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Muscle><Persons><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><nutrition><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Physical Fitness><pressure><Proteins><Research><Study Type><study design><Research Design><Rest><Risk><Testing><Leanness><Thinness><Universities><weights><Weight><Woman><Work><County><Measures><Female Health><Women's Health><Rural Community><rural area><rural location><rural region><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><Medical><Premenopause><Pre-Menopause><Pre-menopausal Period><Premenopausal><Premenopausal Period><pre-menopausal><premenopausal status><Physical activity><Individual><Rural><Dyslipidemias><Measurement><Oxidative Stress><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Metabolic><Body fat><Prediabetes><Prediabetic State><pre-diabetes><pre-diabetic><prediabetic><Prediabetes syndrome><Visceral><Height><physical health><physical conditioning><college><collegiate><American><experience><novel><Categories><General Population><General Public><epidemiology study><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiology Research><epidemiologic investigation><Intervention Trial><Interventional trial><girls><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Metabolic syndrome><Dietary intake><Body mass index><BMI><BMI percentile><BMI z-score><Quetelet index><fitness><Data><High Prevalence><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Older Population><imaging><Image><designing><design><diet and exercise><Outcome><Nonobese><Non obese><Population><frontier><Prevalence><aged><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><bear children><bearing children><childbearing><child bearing><risk for obesity><risk of obesity><obesity risk><evidence base><early adulthood><emerging adult><adolescent woman><adolescent women><young woman><community center><community centers><exercise intervention><physical activity intervention><Physical Exercise><resistance exercise><resistance training><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><Unhealthy Diet><poor diet><systemic inflammatory response><systemic inflammation><obese person><obese individuals><obese people><obese population><obese subjects><dietary><poor health outcome><reduced health outcome><worse health outcome>
8   <Equation><computational suite><experimental study><Innate Immune System><high dimensionality><Etiology><2019-nCoV><Computer Models><large datasets><machine learning method><COVID-19 pandemic><machine learning algorithm><pathogenic virus><Math><immune therapy><immune-based therapies><immune-based treatments><immuno therapy><Grippe><Immunological Factors><immunologic substance><immunological substance><Immune mediated therapy><Immunologically Directed Therapy><immune therapeutic approach><immune therapeutic interventions><immune therapeutic regimens><immune therapeutic strategy><mathematical sciences><Differential Equation><mathematical methods><co-infection><Teaching><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Morbidity><social role><Viral Diseases><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease><immunoregulation><novel><mathematical model><Viral Respiratory Tract Infection><fictional works><prevent><Modeling><attenuation><theories><fiction><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Immune Complex><Disorder><Parameter Estimation><biologic><immune system response><immunoresponse><machine based learning><Immunes><disease severity><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><viral respiratory infection><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Immunomodulation><immune modulation><immune regulation><immunologic reactivity control><immunomodulatory><immunoregulatory><balance><balance function><preventing><Causality><causation><disease causation><influenza infection><Immunological response><host response><prediction model><computational tools><Biological Sciences><designing><Influenza><math sciences><mathematic sciences><Differential Algebraic Equation><Biology><Biomedical Research><Antigen-Antibody Complex><machine learned algorithm><machine learning based algorithm><Computing Methodologies><viral pathogen><virus pathogen><flu virus pandemic><influenza virus pandemic><pandemic flu><pandemic strain of influenza><Equilibrium><Morbidity - disease rate><mortality><Hybrids><Europe><Mus><Disease><Idaho><Family><Pathology><Immune system><Immunologic Factors><Dangerousness><Immunotherapy><Infection><computer based prediction><coinfection><innovate><innovative><Lab Findings><Cellular model><computer algorithm><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CO-V2><SARS-COVID-2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><experiment><experimental research><experiments><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><machine learning based method><machine learning methodologies><innovation><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><pandemic influenza><Biological><COVID pandemic><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID19 crisis><COVID19 epidemic><COVID19 global health crisis><COVID19 global pandemic><COVID19 health crisis><Cell model><COVID19 pandemic><COVID19 public health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-CoV2 epidemic><Address><SARS-CoV2 pandemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><corona virus disease 2019 epidemic><Techniques><System><corona virus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><Viral><Severity of illness><Computational algorithm><human disease><respiratory><flu infection><flu virus infection><infected with flu><infected with flu virus><Immune Targeting><design><infected with influenza><infected with influenza virus><influenza virus infection><Data><predictive modeling><computerized tools><data integration><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Immune response><Therapeutic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><coronavirus disease-19 virus><Dimensions><Immune><Severities><hCoV19><nCoV2><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><large data sets><Event><Virus Diseases><Virus><Educational process of instructing><Play><Testing><Time><Rhinovirus><improved><Mathematics><Training><Scientist><Role><Machine Learning><Science><Methods><Generations><Public Health><Public Policy><Knowledge><Mediating><Universities><sound><Collaborations><Measures><Laboratory Finding><Predictive Value><biological systems><complex biological systems><Molecular><high risk><high reward>
9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communication><Environment><Goals><Idaho><Learning><Mentors><Research><Science><Self Assessment><Students><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Training Programs><Universities><career><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><interest><college><collegiate><experience><university student><college student><cohort><Bachelor's Degree><Baccalaureate Degree><Undergraduate Degree><Research Training><Pathway interactions><pathway><designing><design><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Underrepresented Students><bridge to the baccalaureate><transfer student><faculty mentor><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><laboratory experience><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><matriculation><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><recruit><financial burden><financial distress><financial strain><financial stress><Financial Hardship><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Award><Awareness><Belief><Biology><Biomedical Research><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><kids><youngster><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Disease><Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Economics><economic><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Feedback><Florida><Goals><Health><Heterogeneity><Pediatric Hospitals><Children's Hospital><Idaho><Incidence><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><incomes><Intelligence><Learning><literacy><Persons><Public Health><Recommendation><Psychological reinforcement><Reinforcement><Risk><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Testing><Thinking><thoughts><Universities><Vaccination><Virus><County><Misinformation><Hispanic><Ecologic Systems><Ecological Systems><Ecosystem><career><improved><Medical><Non-linear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Nonlinear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Evaluation><Susceptibility><Predisposition><teacher><mental><Psyche structure><Individual><Trust><Rural><Collaborations><tool><instrument><programs><Adopted><Complex><Pattern><System><Country><non-compliance><non-compliant><noncompliance><noncompliant><interest><experience><computer science><skills><simulation><Participant><social><Modeling><Property><Institution><Data><Educational Materials><Reproducibility><Cognitive><Societal Factors><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><designing><design><remediation><infectious disease model><innovate><innovative><innovation><iterative design><combat><multi-modality><multimodality><evidence base><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Social Processes><classroom environment><college atmosphere><collegial atmosphere><collegiate atmosphere><education atmosphere><educational environment><intellectual atmosphere><learning atmosphere><learning environment><school atmosphere><school climate><training atmosphere><university atmosphere><educational atmosphere><Game Based Learning><game development><science museum><informal education><informal instruction><informal learning><education research><formal learning><Data Science><Visualization><data literacy><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><COVID pandemic><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID19 crisis><COVID19 epidemic><COVID19 global health crisis><COVID19 global pandemic><COVID19 health crisis><COVID19 pandemic><COVID19 public health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-CoV2 epidemic><SARS-CoV2 pandemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><corona virus disease 2019 epidemic><corona virus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><COVID-19 pandemic><Economically Deprived><economically disadvantaged><economic disparity><science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine><STEMM><science, technology, engineering, mathematical, and medical science><digital tool><disinformation><disinform>
11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Award><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Charge><Computers><Data Collection><Engineering><Equipment><Faculty><Goals><Government><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Idaho><Incentives><Industry><instrumentation><Investments><Maintenance><Medical Device><Optics><optical><Personnel Management><Play><Printing><Privatization><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Science><Students><Technology><Testing><Universities><Work><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><Schedule><biomedical resource><sensor><improved><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Contracts><Contracting Opportunities><tool><instrument><programs><System><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><electrical property><Performance><Structure><graduate student><outreach><Devices><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><voucher><Academia><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Microfabrication><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Validation><validations><Process><Development><developmental><web site><website><cost><Advanced Development><innovate><innovative><innovation><data acquisitions><data acquisition><skill development><skill acquisition><engineering design><prototype><industrial partnership><industry partnership><industry partner><operations><operation><recruit teachers><teacher recruitment><Faculty Recruitment><materials science><training opportunity><clinically translatable><clinical translation><applied biomedical sciences><applied biomedical research><Infrastructure><mechanical device><fabrication>
12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Medical Rehabilitation><Rehabilitation><rehab therapy><rehabilitative><rehabilitative therapy><Cumulative Trauma Disorders><Overuse Injury><Overuse Syndrome><Repetition Strain Injury><Repetitive Motion Disorders><Repetitive Strain Injury><Repetitive stress injury><repetitive motion injury><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Rest><Risk><Robotics><Running><Science><Splint Device><Splints><Standardization><Technology><Testing><tibia><Tibial Fractures><Time><Transducers><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Measures><Walking><injury prevention><injuries><Injury><career><improved><Distal><Surface><repair><repaired><Evaluation><Physical activity><long bone><Individual><Recovery><radiologist><injury of musculoskeletal system (disorder)><injury of musculoskeleted system><musculoskeletal trauma><musculoskeletal injury><Knowledge><Principal Component Analysis><Principal Component Analyses><Severities><Techniques><System><physical conditioning><physical health><Early Diagnosis><early detection><experience><Speed><Participant><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Early identification><Modeling><portability><Leg><Torsion><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><Athletic><Data><Detection><Emerging Technologies><Emergent Technologies><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><injured><Rupture><Outcome><Prevalence><innovate><innovative><innovation><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><analyzing longitudinal><longitudinal analysis><accurate diagnosis><flex circuit><flexible electronics><fracture risk><mechanical load><high risk group><high risk individual><high risk people><high risk population><Radiography><Roentgenography><radiologic imaging><radiological imaging><stress reduction><realtime monitoring><real time monitoring><diagnostic system><diagnostic platform><electronic sensor><electric sensor><ultrasound><Affect><Biomechanics><biomechanical><bone><Bone Matrix><Communities><Diagnosis><Economics><economic><Engineering><Foundations><Fracture><bone fracture><Stress Fractures><Fatigue Fractures><March Fractures><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Incidence><Jogging><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Lower Extremity><Lower Limb><Membrum inferius><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Military Personnel><Armed Forces Personnel><Military><military population><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Motor Activity><Locomotor Activity><Pain><Painful><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Recreation><Rehabilitation therapy>
13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Affect><ages><Age><Oldest Old><Aged, 80 and over><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Brain Diseases><Brain Disorders><Encephalon Diseases><Intracranial CNS Disorders><Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders><Mental Depression><depression><Disease><Disorder><Animal Disease Models><Electric Stimulation><Electrical Stimulation><electrostimulation><Engineering><Epilepsy><Epileptic Seizures><Epileptics><Seizure Disorder><epilepsia><epileptogenic><Goals><Intelligence><Laws><Manuals><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><nervous system disorder><Nervous System Diseases><Neurologic Disorders><Neurological Disorders><neurological disease><Neurotoxins><neurotoxicant><Pain><Painful><Parkinson Disease><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Primary Parkinsonism><Patients><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Silicon><Si element><Technology><Testing><Time><Tremor><Work><Measures><Artifacts><Morphologic artifacts><6-OHDA><6-hydroxydopamine><Oxidopamine><Research Methods><research and methods><Research Methodology><customs><Custom><density><sensor><improved><Clinical><Memory Deficit><memory dysfunction><Memory impairment><Policies><Funding><Therapeutic><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Knowledge><programs><Deep Brain Stimulation><Protocols documentation><Protocol><System><Operative Surgical Procedures><Operative Procedures><Surgical><Surgical Interventions><Surgical Procedure><surgery><gait examination><Gait Analysis><neuroregulation><neural control><neural regulation><neuromodulation><neuromodulatory><neural><neurotransmission><Nerve Impulse Transmission><Nerve Transmission><Neuronal Transmission><axon signaling><axon-glial signaling><axonal signaling><glia signaling><glial signaling><nerve signaling><neural signaling><neuronal signaling><Devices><Modeling><response><miniaturize><miniaturized><Traumatic Brain Injury><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><behavioral assessment><Behavior assessment><Radio><Address><Data><Detection><Motor><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Rodent Model><Update><Behavioral><designing><design><next generation><Outcome><Population><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><Implant><neurotechnology><FDA approved><effective treatment><effective therapy><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><Biological Markers><flexible><flexibility><customized therapy><customized treatment><individualized patient treatment><individualized therapeutic strategy><individualized therapy><individualized treatment><patient specific therapies><patient specific treatment><tailored medical treatment><tailored therapy><tailored treatment><unique treatment><individualized medicine><motor symptom><Bluetooth><optimal therapies><optimal treatments><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><therapeutically effective><wireless><integrated circuit><energy efficiency><fabrication>
14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Award><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communication><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><instrumentation><Language><Leadership><Marketing><Medical Device><Mentors><Mentorship><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Printing><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Science><Testing><Training Support><Universities><Writing><Administrator><health care><Healthcare><sensor><improved><Area><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Workshop><Educational workshop><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><System><interest><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><experience><research facility><cohort><Structure><novel><new technology><novel technologies><Devices><voucher><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Microfabrication><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Development><developmental><designing><design><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Movement science><Kinesiology><innovate><innovative><innovation><data acquisitions><data acquisition><multidisciplinary><collaborative approach><fabrication>
15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Birth><Parturition><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Complication><Data Collection><Data Reporting><data representation><data representations><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Equipment><femur head><foot><Future><Goals><Hip region structure><Coxa><Hip><Hip Joint><Human><Modern Man><Infant><Laboratories><Manikins><Mannequins><Manuals><Medical Device><Methods><Motion><Movement><body movement><Degenerative polyarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Osteoarthritis><Osteoarthrosis><degenerative joint disease><hypertrophic arthritis><osteoarthritic><Hip Osteoarthritis><Coxarthrosis><hip OA><Pain><Painful><Recommendation><Research><Risk><Science><Supination><Testing><Textiles><fabric><Time><Work><Measures><Care Givers><Caregivers><therapy failure><Treatment Failure><human subject><sensor><improved><Area><Clinical><Medical><Failure><Measurement><Shapes><Dysplasia><dyscrasia><tool><Knowledge><Life><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head><Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head><Hour><Frequencies><Home environment><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><Operative Surgical Procedures><Operative Procedures><Surgical><Surgical Interventions><Surgical Procedure><surgery><success><Agreement><research study><Patient Self-Report><Self-Report><Devices><Positioning Attribute><Position><body position><Data><Industry Collaboration><Industry Collaborators><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Collection><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Validation><validations><Monitor><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><early onset><cost><designing><design><Outcome><Population><in vitro testing><flexible><flexibility><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><pressure sensor><homes><Home><manufacturing capabilities><manufacturing capacity><fabrication>
16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Accounting><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Engineering><Expenditure><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Industry><instrumentation><Investments><Medical Device><Mentors><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Problem Solving><Professional Organizations><professional association><professional membership><professional society><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><research and development><Development and Research><R & D><R&D><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Testing><Time><Travel><Universities><Work><Writing><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Training Technics><Training Technique><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Schedule><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><sensor><Area><Series><Ensure><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Research Activity><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><editorial><programs><Scientist><System><interest><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><Performance><success><cohort><Manuscripts><Devices><Reporting><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><voucher><Annual Reports><Address><global health><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Microfabrication><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Reviews><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Collection><Exploratory/Developmental Grant for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging><R21 Award><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Office of Administrative Management><Administrative Management><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><operations><operation><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><recruit><Infrastructure><summer intern><summer internship><research faculty><fabrication>
17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Acids><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Adult><Affect><ages><Age><advanced age><elders><geriatric><late life><later life><older adult><older person><senior citizen><Elderly><Beds><Biomechanics><biomechanical><bone><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Ceramics><bisphosphonate><Bisphosphonates><biphosphonate><diphosphonate><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Foundations><Fracture><bone fracture><Gel><Goals><Health><Hip Fractures><Human><Modern Man><Laboratories><Lasers><Laser Electromagnetic><Laser Radiation><Magnetic Resonance Imaging><MR Imaging><MR Tomography><MRI><MRIs><Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><NMR Imaging><NMR Tomography><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging><Zeugmatography><Minor><Persons><Osteoporosis><Patients><Polyurethanes><Ostamer><Pellethane><Polyisocyanates><Probability><Radiometry><Radiation Dosimetry><radioassay><Cumulative Trauma Disorders><Overuse Injury><Overuse Syndrome><Repetition Strain Injury><Repetitive Motion Disorders><Repetitive Strain Injury><Repetitive stress injury><repetitive motion injury><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Thermal Conductivity><Tissues><Body Tissues><X-Ray Computed Tomography><CAT scan><CT X Ray><CT Xray><CT imaging><CT scan><Computed Tomography><Tomodensitometry><X-Ray CAT Scan><X-Ray Computerized Tomography><Xray CAT scan><Xray Computed Tomography><Xray computerized tomography><catscan><computed axial tomography><computer tomography><computerized axial tomography><computerized tomography><non-contrast CT><noncontrast CT><noncontrast computed tomography><Tooth structure><Tooth><teeth><United States><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Measures><Porosity><bone remodelling><Bone remodeling><injuries><Injury><improved><Clinical><Variation><Variant><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Adolescent><Visible Light><Visible Light Radiation><Visible Radiation><Measurement><tool><Life><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Clinic><Techniques><System><Location><Outcome Study><Bone Injury><particle><treatment planning><novel><Radiation><Deterioration><Modeling><Sampling><Ballistics><Load Bearing><Weight Bearing><Weight-Bearing state><Defect><Resolution><resolutions><in vivo><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><cost><healing><optic imaging><optical imaging><bone health><Outcome><demineralization><normal aging><common treatment><3-D print><3-D printer><3D printer><3D printing><three dimensional printing><3D Print><Preventative treatment><Preventive treatment><skeletal structure><Bone structure><diagnostic system><diagnostic platform>
18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <NA>
19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Affect><Animals><Biology><Blood Vessels><vascular><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Disease><Disorder><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Hyperglycemia><hyperglycemic><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Ligands><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Phosphorylation><Protein Phosphorylation><Proteins><Publishing><Research><Role><social role><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Testosterone><Therapeutic Testosterone><Trans-Testosterone><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transforming Growth Factor beta><Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor><Milk Growth Factor><Platelet Transforming Growth Factor><TGF B><TGF-beta><TGF-β><TGFbeta><TGFβ><Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Family Gene><Tyrosine><Work><Resveratrol><notch><notch receptors><notch protein><Normal Values><Normal Range><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><career><sensor><Site><Physiologic><Physiological><Link><Endothelial Cells><Stimulus><Individual><Hypoxic><Oxygen Deficiency><Hypoxia><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><src Kinases><src Protein-Tyrosine Kinases><src Tyrosine Kinases><src-Family Tyrosine Kinases><src-Family Kinases><angiogenesis><programs><gamma secretase><ADAM10 protein><gamma secretase complex><γ-secretase><Complex><System><Vascular System><Nuclear><high school><skills><novel><graduate student><Regulation><Modeling><response><FGF2 gene><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene><FGF-2><FGF2><FGFB><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gene><HBGF-2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Class II><Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Factor><bFGF><Molecular Interaction><Binding><shear stress><VEGF><VEGFs><Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors><EGF gene><EGF><Address><Data><Sum><Nuclear Translocation><Tyrosine Phosphorylation><Update><Pathologic><Molecular><Output><cellular behavior><cell behavior><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Growth Agents><Growth Substances><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Factor><Drosophila Homolog of NOTCH 3><NOTCH3><NOTCH3 gene>
20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <NA>
21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Acyl Carrier Protein><inhibitor><Bacteria><Bacterial Infections><bacteria infection><bacterial disease><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Bromides><Carrier Proteins><Transport Protein Gene><Transport Proteins><Transporter Protein><Cells><Cell Body><Cysteine><Half-Cystine><L-Cysteine><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Fluorescence><Genetic Code><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Kinetics><Laboratories><Learning><Literature><Medicine><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Production><Proteins><Research><S-Adenosylhomocysteine><S-adenosyl methionine><S-adenosyl-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Sulfhydryl Compounds><Mercaptans><Mercapto Compounds><Thiols><sulfhydryl group><Toxin><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Virulence><Measures><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><Core Protein><Mediating><Titrations><crosslink><Label><Site><Physiologic><Physiological><Active Sites><Chemicals><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><homoserine lactone><Antibacterial Agents><anti-bacterial><antibacterial><Anti-Bacterial Agents><tool><Electrostatics><Investigation><Reaction><mutant><fluorophore><novel><Reporting><Positioning Attribute><Position><high throughput screening><High Throughput Assay><single molecule><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><small molecule><Address><Affinity><Data><in vivo><Preparation><preparations><Molecular><Process><Docking><Development><developmental><designing><design><Coupling><anti-microbial><antimicrobial><screenings><screening><small molecule inhibitor>
22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Acyl Carrier Protein><inhibitor><Bacteria><bacteria infection><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Assay><Bioassay><Biological Assay><Bromides><Transport Protein Gene><Transport Proteins><Transporter Protein><Carrier Proteins><Cell Body><Cells><Half-Cystine><L-Cysteine><Cysteine><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Fluorescence><Genetic Code><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Kinetics><Laboratories><Learning><Literature><Medicine><Methods><Biologic Models><Model System><Biological Models><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Mutation><Production><Proteins><Research><S-adenosyl methionine><S-adenosyl-methionine><S-Adenosylhomocysteine><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Mercaptans><Mercapto Compounds><Thiols><sulfhydryl group><Sulfhydryl Compounds><Toxin><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Tryptophan><Virulence><Measures><biofilm><Microbial Biofilms><Core Protein><Mediating><Titrations><crosslink><Label><Site><Physiological><Physiologic><Active Sites><Chemicals><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><homoserine lactone><anti-bacterial><Anti-Bacterial Agents><tool><Electrostatics><Investigation><Reaction><mutant><fluorophore><novel><Reporting><Positioning Attribute><Position><high throughput screening><High Throughput Assay><single molecule><quorum sensing><Binding><Molecular Interaction><prevent><preventing><small molecule><Address><Affinity><Data><in vivo><preparations><Preparation><Molecular><Process><Docking><developmental><Development><designing><design><Coupling><anti-microbial><antimicrobial><screenings><screening><small molecule inhibitor>
23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <NA>
24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <NA>
25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Acyl Carrier Protein><Acyl Coenzyme A><Acyl CoA><Fatty Acyl CoA><Long-Chain Acyl CoA><Allosteric Site><inhibitor><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biomedical Research><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><High Pressure Liquid Chromatography><HPLC><High Performance Liquid Chromatography><High Speed Liquid Chromatography><Coenzyme A><CoA><Environment><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Foundations><Future><Goals><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Grant><Homocysteine><In Vitro><Kinetics><Libraries><Maps><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Physicians><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Population Density><Proteins><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Research><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Substrate Specificity><Testing><Virulence><Mediating><career><Diffuse><Active Sites><Chemicals><Training><analog><Funding><homoserine lactone><Exposure to><tool><programs><Receptor Protein><receptor><novel><Pathogenicity><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><small molecule><R15 Mechanism><R15 Program><Academic Research Enhancement Awards><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Interruption><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><Research Infrastructure><in vivo><Molecular><Docking><design><designing><Outcome><Coupling><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><biochemical tools><biochemistry tools><small molecule inhibitor><infection rate><rate of infection><Home><rational design>
26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Acyl CoA><Fatty Acyl CoA><Long-Chain Acyl CoA><Acyl Coenzyme A><inhibitor><Bacteria><Biomedical Research><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Environment><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Foundations><Goals><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Physicians><Population Density><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Research><S-Adenosylhomocysteine><S-adenosyl methionine><S-adenosyl-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Virulence><Chemicals><analog><homoserine lactone><tool><programs><novel><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><small molecule><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Interruption><designing><design><Coupling><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multi-drug resistant pathogen><small molecule inhibitor><rate of infection><infection rate><homes><Home><rational design>
27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Affect><Aneuploidy><Aneuploid><Axon><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecule Gene><cell adhesion protein><Cell Death><necrocytosis><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cerebellum><Human Chromosomes><Chromosome 16><Chromosome 21><Cues><Dendrites><Disease><Disorder><Down Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Langdon Down syndrome><Mongolism><Trisomy 21><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><congenital acromicria syndrome><morbus Down><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><trisomy 21 syndrome><Environment><Eye><Eyeball><Foundations><Future><Gene Duplication><Gene Expression><Genes><Goals><Hippocampus (Brain)><Ammon Horn><Cornu Ammonis><Hippocampus><hippocampal><Idaho><In Vitro><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Persons><Nervous System><Neurologic Body System><Neurologic Organ System><Nervous system structure><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><Pathology><Phenotype><Kinases><Phosphotransferase Gene><Transphosphorylases><Phosphotransferases><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Play><Proteins><Scientific Publication><Publications><Reagent><Cell Surface Receptors><Research><Research Proposals><Retina><social role><Role><Schizophrenic Disorders><dementia praecox><schizophrenic><Schizophrenia><Signal Pathway><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Diagnostic Findings><Signs and Symptoms><Specificity><Syndrome><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Work><Neurites><Mediating><base><dosage><Organ><Area><Surface><Clinical><Biochemical><Link><Genetic><Morphology><Knowledge><cell biology><Cellular biology><Scientist><Event><postnatal><cell type><System><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Nuclear><experience><Receptor Protein><receptor><neural><relating to nervous system><Neural Development><neurodevelopment><Phenocopy><novel><Cell surface><Reporting><neural function><Neurophysiology - biologic function><Regulation><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Brain region><preventing><prevent><Address><Defect><Autism><Autistic Disorder><Early Infantile Autism><Infantile Autism><Kanner's Syndrome><autistic spectrum disorder><autism spectrum disorder><Cytoplasmic Domain><Cytoplasmic Tail><Data><Nuclear Translocation><Signaling Molecule><Tyrosine Phosphorylation><Molecular><Development><developmental><mouse Ts65Dn><Ts65Dn><Outcome><Population><human disease><mouse model><murine model><loss of function><gain of function><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><DSCAM><retinal neuron><overexpression><overexpress><Genetic study><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virus><Work><Enterobacteria phage P1 Cre recombinase><CRE Recombinase><bacteriophage P1 recombinase Cre><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Mediating><In Situ Hybridization><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><base><Label><improved><Clinical><Histologic><Histologically><Lentivirus><Lentivirinae><Virus-Lenti><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Hair Follicle><Hair follicle structure><Endothelial Cells><Cardiac Muscle Cells><Cardiocyte><Heart Muscle Cells><Heart myocyte><cardiomyocyte><Cardiac Myocytes><Hepatic Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Liver Cells><Hepatocyte><insight><Myotubes><Rhabdomyocyte><Skeletal Fiber><Skeletal Muscle Cell><Skeletal Muscle Fiber><Skeletal Myocytes><Muscle Fibers><Cell Lineage><Transgenes><7B4 Antigen><7B4 protein><CD144 Antigen><VE-Cadherin><Vascular Endothelial Cadherin><Vascular Endothelial Cadherin 1><cadherin 5><Genetic><Tubular><Tubular formation><tool><Intravenous><Nature><Knowledge><cell biology><Cellular biology><Event><Source><cell type><System><Viral><interest><Aciner Cells><Acinar Cell><experience><crypt cell><novel><Enterocytes><genetic technology><Insulin Cell><Insulin Secreting Cell><β-cell><β-cells><βCell><Beta Cell><Data><Research Infrastructure><in vivo><Viral Vector><Wild Type Mouse><wildtype mouse><transmission process><Transmission><Process><follow-up><Active Follow-up><active followup><follow up><followed up><followup><Cardiac><Development><developmental><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Outcome><Population><Lentivirus Vector><Lentiviral Vector><Coupled><therapeutic gene><gene therapeutics><gene-based therapeutic><gene-based therapeutics><genes therapeutic><genes therapeutics><transdifferentiation><undergraduate research><DNA cassette><enhancer cassette><expression cassette><gene cassette><genetic cassette><integration cassette><promoter cassette><reporter cassette><resistance cassette><selectable cassette><selection cassette><stop cassette><transcription cassette><transcriptional cassette><transgene cassette><extracellular vesicles><transgene delivery><endothelial stem cell><endothelial progenitor cell><Dependovirus><Adeno-Associated Viruses><Dependoparvovirus><adeno associated virus group><Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Back><Dorsum><Bar Codes><barcode><Blood Vessels><vascular><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Busulfan><Bussulfam><Busulfanum><Sulfabutin><Capsid><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular system><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><Cardiovascular Physiology><cardiovascular function><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Cytoplasm><Cytoplasmic Granules><granule><Duodenum><Endothelium><Engineering><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene repair therapy><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Hippocampus (Brain)><Ammon Horn><Cornu Ammonis><Hippocampus><hippocampal><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><intravenous injection><Islets of Langerhans><B9 endocrine pancreas><Endocrine Pancreas><Islands of Langerhans><Nesidioblasts><Pancreatic Islets><Pars endocrina pancreatis><islet progenitor><Kidney><Kidney Urinary System><renal><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Transgenic Mice><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Proteins><Purkinje's Corpuscles><cerebellar Purkinje cell><Purkinje Cells><Research Resources><Resources><Serotyping><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><gastric><Stomach><Tamoxifen><Testing>
29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Abdominal><Abdomen><Aedes><Anopheles><Anophelines><Anopheles Genus><Behavior><Biogenic Amines><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Bite><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Body Size><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Coma><Comatose><Dangerousness><Disease><Disorder><Pharmacotherapy><Drug Therapy><drug treatment><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Feeding behaviors><Ingestive Behavior><feeding-related behaviors><nutrient intake activity><Fertility><Fecundability><Fecundity><Future><Genes><Goals><Head><Histamine><Histamine Release><Histamine Liberation><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Insecta><Insects><Insects Invertebrates><Investments><Liver diseases><Hepatic Disorder><hepatic disease><hepatopathy><liver disorder><Longevity><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Cerebral Malaria><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><Maps><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Culicidae><Mosquitoes><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><neurophysiology><neurophysiological><Parasite Control><Parasites><Pathology><Physiology><Plasma><Blood Plasma><Plasma Serum><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasmodium berghei><rodent plasmodia><Plasmodium falciparum><P falciparum><P. falciparum><P.falciparum><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Histamine Receptor><serotonin receptor><5-HT Receptors><5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors><Reproduction><Retina><Risk><Serotonin><5-HT><5-Hydroxytryptamine><5HT><Enteramine><Hippophaine><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Tyrosine><Mediating><improved><Clinical><Physiologic><Physiological><Biogenic Amine Receptors><Midgut><ingest><Ingestion><Visual><Disease Progression><Collaborations><Knowledge><Severities><Sensory><Pattern><Sporozoites><olfactory stimulus><receptor><Receptor Protein><receptor expression><success><visual stimulus><life history><trait><neurotransmission><Nerve Impulse Transmission><Nerve Transmission><Neuronal Transmission><axon signaling><axon-glial signaling><axonal signaling><glia signaling><glial signaling><nerve signaling><neural signaling><neuronal signaling><novel><Reporting><Parasitic infection><parasite infection><reproductive><Hyperphenylalaninaemias><Modeling><response><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Neuromodulator><Brain region><small molecule><Symptoms><Data><Interruption><Transcript><transmission process><Transmission><Development><developmental><Behavioral><Clutch Size><vector mosquito><feeding><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><resistant><Resistance><treatment effect><human disease><vector transmission><mosquitoborne><mosquito-borne><Vectoral capacity><Vectorial capacity><insulin-like peptide><antagonist><antagonism>
30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Abdomen><Abdominal><Aedes><Anopheles Genus><Anopheles><Anophelines><Behavior><Biogenic Amines><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Bite><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Coma><Comatose><Dangerousness><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Feeding behaviors><Ingestive Behavior><feeding-related behaviors><nutrient intake activity><Fertility><Fecundability><Fecundity><Future><Genes><Goals><Histamine><Histamine Release><Histamine Liberation><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Insecta><Insects><Insects Invertebrates><Investments><Liver diseases><Hepatic Disorder><hepatic disease><hepatopathy><liver disorder><Longevity><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><Maps><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Culicidae><Mosquitoes><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><neurophysiological><neurophysiology><Parasite Control><Parasites><Pathology><Physiology><Blood Plasma><Plasma Serum><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma><rodent plasmodia><Plasmodium berghei><P falciparum><P. falciparum><P.falciparum><Plasmodium falciparum><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Histamine Receptor><5-HT Receptors><5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors><serotonin receptor><Reproduction><Retina><Risk><5-HT><5-Hydroxytryptamine><5HT><Enteramine><Hippophaine><Serotonin><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Tyrosine><Mediating><base><improved><Clinical><Physiological><Physiologic><Biogenic Amine Receptors><Midgut><Ingestion><Visual><cerebral><Cerebrum><Collaborations><Knowledge><Sensory><Pattern><Sporozoites><olfactory stimulus><Receptor Protein><receptor><receptor expression><success><visual stimulus><life history><trait><Nerve Impulse Transmission><Nerve Transmission><Neuronal Transmission><axon signaling><axon-glial signaling><axonal signaling><glia signaling><glial signaling><nerve signaling><neural signaling><neuronal signaling><neurotransmission><novel><Reporting><parasite infection><Parasitic infection><reproductive><Hyperphenylalaninaemias><Modeling><response><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Neuromodulator><Brain region><small molecule><Address><Symptoms><Data><Interruption><Transcript><transmission process><Transmission><Development><developmental><Behavioral><Clutch Size><vector mosquito><feeding><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><Resistance><resistant><treatment effect><human disease><vector transmission><mosquito-borne><mosquitoborne><Vectorial capacity><Vectoral capacity><insulin-like peptide><antagonist>
31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Link><Funding><instrument><microbioreactor><Bioreactors><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Musculoskeletal><extracellular><collegiate><college><Basic Research><Basic Science><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institution><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><rapid growth><Coupled><innovation><innovate><innovative><clinical application><clinical applicability><imaging system><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><Arts><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Cues><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Equipment><Faculty><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><Investments><Microscopy><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Orthopedic><Orthopedic Surgical Profession><Orthopedics><Apes><great ape><Pongidae><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Custom><Microscope><Physiological><Physiologic>
32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Biomedical Research><Fellowship><Future><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Mentorship><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Research><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><career><improved><Individual><Funding><programs><interest><college><collegiate><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><experience><success><university student><college student><cohort><Participant><Institution><Data><Enrollment><enroll><Funding Mechanisms><Underrepresented Students><bridge to the baccalaureate><student engagement><student motivation><student participation><retention strategy><retention rate><transfer student><class development><course material development><course development><faculty mentor><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><peer coaching><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><recruit><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Biomedical Research><Fellowship><Future><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Mentorship><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><base><career><improved><Individual><Funding><programs><interest><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><cohort><Participant><Data><Enrollment><enroll><Funding Mechanisms><Underrepresented Students><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><retention strategy><student retention><transfer student><course development><class development><course material development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><recruit><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Aging><Angiogenic Factor><Angiogenesis Factor><Biocompatible Materials><Biomaterials><biological material><Biology><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibroins><Gel><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Insulin-Like Growth Factor I><IGF-1><IGF-I><IGF-I-SmC><Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1><Insulin-Like Somatomedin Peptide I><Somatomedin C><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase><Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase><Myosins><Actin-Activated ATPase><Myosin ATPase><Peptides><Production><Proteins><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Rattus><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Staining method><Stains><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tyramine><Umbilical vein><Vascularization><Silk><Generations><Mediating><Injury><injuries><crosslink><cross-link><improved><Encapsulated><Phase><Biochemical><Endothelial Cells><Voluntary Muscle><Skeletal Muscle><Myotubes><Rhabdomyocyte><Skeletal Fiber><Skeletal Muscle Cell><Skeletal Muscle Fiber><Skeletal Myocytes><Muscle Fibers><skeletal disease><skeletal disorder><Therapeutic><Morphology><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Protocol><Protocols documentation><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Embryonic Muscle Cells><Precursor Muscle Cells><Myoblasts><myogenesis><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Hydrogels><novel><Modeling><FGF2 gene><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene><FGF-2><FGF2><FGFB><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gene><HBGF-2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Class II><Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Factor><bFGF><Muscle Development><Muscular Development><VEGF><VEGFs><Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors><Musculoskeletal System Development><Musculoskeletal Development><Data><in vitro Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><stem cell differentiation><Coupling><therapeutic target><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><inducible pluripotent stem cell><skeletal muscle differentiation><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanical properties>
35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Anti-Inflammatory Agents><Anti-Inflammatories><Anti-inflammatory><Antiinflammatories><Antiinflammatory Agents><antiinflammatory><Monoclonal Antibodies><Clinical Treatment Moab><mAbs><Rheumatoid Arthritis><Atrophic Arthritis><rheumatic arthritis><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Western Blotting><Immunoblotting><Western Immunoblotting><protein blotting><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell Survival><Cell Viability><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatography><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Cessation of life><Death><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Education><Educational aspects><Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay><ELISA><enzyme linked immunoassay><Equipment><Family><Fluorescence><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Incentives><Inflammation><Inflammatory Bowel Diseases><Inflammatory Bowel Disorder><inflammatory disease of the intestine><inflammatory disorder of the intestine><intestinal autoinflammation><instrumentation><Interleukin-6><B cell differentiation factor><B cell stimulating factor 2><B-Cell Differentiation Factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2><BCDF><BSF-2><BSF2><HPGF><Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor><Hybridoma Growth Factor><IFN-beta 2><IFNB2><IL-6><IL6 Protein><MGI-2><Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein><Plasmacytoma Growth Factor><interferon beta 2><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><Neoplasm Metastasis><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><Patients><Proteins><Public Health><QOL><Quality of life><Recurrent><Recurrence><Research><social role><Role><Science><Signal Pathway><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Students><Survival Rate><Testing><United States><Woman><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><oncostatin M><Recombinant Oncostatin M><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><base><career><improved><Link><Training><Transitional Cell><Blood Serum><Serum><Individual><analog><Localized Disease><Therapeutic><Inflammatory><scaffolding><scaffold><Knowledge><programs><Complex><Event><System><Tumor Tissue><Tumor Cell><neoplastic cell><Receptor Protein><receptor><receptor bound><receptor binding><chemical library><small molecule libraries><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Reporting><Modeling><Property><drug development><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Drops><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Distant Cancer><Distant Metastasis><small molecule><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Affinity><Data><Detection><SYS-TX><Systemic Therapy><Cancer Etiology><Cancer Cause><Nonmetastatic><Non-metastatic><Docking><epithelial to mesenchymal transition><Development><developmental><T47D><T-47D><design><designing><Lupus><Sepsis><blood infection><bloodstream infection><migration><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><therapeutic target><MDA MB 231><MDA-231><MDA-MB231><overexpression><overexpress><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><FDA approved><in vitro testing><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><screening><metastasis prevention><Breast Cancer cell line><Breast tumor cell line><Breast cancer metastasis><Breast Metastasis><Breast Cancer Patient><Breast Tumor Patient><Metastatic breast cancer><small molecule inhibitor><nanomolar><nano-molar><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><in silico><detection method><detection procedure><detection technique><Prognosis><patient prognosis>
36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Adoption><Algorithms><Awareness><Behavior><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Cells><Cell Body><Collagen><Communities><Congresses><meeting reports><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibroblasts><Future><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Optics><optical><Parents><Periodicity><Cyclicity><Rhythmicity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Role><social role><Running><Science><Computer software><Software><Software Engineering><Computer Software Development><Computer Software Engineering><Software Tools><Computer Software Tools><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Students><Testing><Textiles><fabric><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Measures><Anisotropy><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><Mediating><base><image processing><improved><repaired><repair><Biological><Pythons><Ensure><Chemicals><soft tissue><Fiber><Intuition><Educational workshop><Workshop><Measurement><Confocal Microscopy><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><tool><scaffolding><scaffold><mechanical><Mechanics><Notification><Adopted><light microscopy><Dependence><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><preference><Structure><Devices><Property><develop software><developing computer software><software development><Documentation><image-based method><imaging method><imaging modality><Length><Dense Connective Tissue><Validation><Molecular><Image><imaging><Operating System><muscle engineering><design><designing><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><engineering design><tumor><spatiotemporal><mechanical behavior><biological systems><cloud based><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging>
37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Adoption><Affect><Air><Animals><Antiviral Agents><Antiviral Drugs><Antivirals><anti-viral agents><anti-viral drugs><anti-virals><Argon><Ar element><Atmospheric Pressure><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Cells><Cell Body><Charcoal><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Containment><Crowding><Decontamination><Disease><Disorder><Disinfectants><Disinfection><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Feline Calicivirus><Floor><Gases><Goals><Government><Head><Health><Murine hepatitis virus><Mouse Hepatitis Virus><Murine Gastroenteritis Virus><Hospitals><Human><Modern Man><Internships><intern><Laboratories><Mentors><Motion><Nitrogen><Oxygen><O element><O2 element><Ozone><O3><Paint><Plasma><Blood Plasma><Plasma Serum><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Power Sources><Power Supplies><Public Health><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Robotics><Societies><Reproduction spores><Spores><Suction><Mechanical Aspiration><Suction Drainage><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><Vaccines><Vacuum><Virus><Clostridium difficile><C diff><C difficile><C. diff><C. difficile><Clostridioides difficile><Environmental Hazards><Health Hazards><Measures><Health Care Costs><Health Costs><Healthcare Costs><Healthcare><health care><base><density><Pump><improved><Area><Surface><Solid><Clinical><Medical><Coronavirus><Coronaviridae><corona virus><Coronavirus Infections><Coronaviridae Infections><Chemicals><Training><wasting><Recovery><Active Learning><Cooperative Learning><Experiential Learning><Shapes><Deposit><Deposition><Robot><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Hour><Complex><Scanning><System><Viral><meetings><air filtration><success><Structure><novel><graduate student><novel technologies><new technology><Devices><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Modeling><Sampling><Property><response><Norwalk-like Viruses><Norovirus><Anti-Viral Response><Antiviral Response><MRSA><Methicillin Resistant S Aureus><Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus><methicillin-resistant S. aureus><methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus><Effectiveness><transmission process><Transmission><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><design><designing><topical antiseptic><Outcome><cost effective><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Consumption><Coupled><antimicrobial><anti-microbial><visual control><public health relevance><arm><operation><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><Geometry><summer research><mobile computing><mobile platform><mobile technology><health care settings><healthcare settings><pathogenic virus><viral pathogen><virus pathogen><pathogenic microbe><microbe pathogen><microbial pathogen><robotic system><novel coronavirus><CoV emergence><corona virus emergence><coronavirus emergence><emergent CoV><emergent corona virus><emergent coronavirus><emerging CoV><emerging corona virus><emerging coronavirus><nCoV><new CoV><new corona virus><new coronavirus><novel CoV><novel corona virus><2019-nCoV><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><hCoV19><nCoV2><human coronavirus><HCoV><human CoV><human corona virus><infection rate><rate of infection>
38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Affect><inhibitor><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Atherosclerosis><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><atheromatosis><atherosclerotic disease><atherosclerotic vascular disease><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Cell division><Cells><Cell Body><Chlamydia><Miyagawanella><bedsonia><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydial Infection><chlamydial disease><Chlamydophila psittaci><C psittaci><C. psittaci><Chlamydia psittaci><Chlamydia trachomatis><C trachomatis><C. trachomatis><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydiales><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Eukaryotic Cell><Eye Infections><Ocular Infections><Gene Expression><Developmental Gene><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><Persons><Parasites><Murein><Peptidoglycan><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Polyploid><Polyploidy><Production><social role><Role><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Venereal Diseases><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Infections><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Starvation><Stress><Testing><Time><Trachoma><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Women's Health><Female Health><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><Chlamydia pneumoniae><falls><promoter><promotor><Treatment Failure><therapy failure><Chronic><Clinical><Microscopic><Lifting><Reporter Genes><Link><Reproductive Health><Fe element><Iron><Reporter><Antibiotic Treatment><bacterial disease treatment><bacterial infectious disease treatment><Antibiotic Therapy><Hour><cell type><Pattern><System><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><environmental stresses><environmental stressor><Nutrient><member><Categories><Pathogenesis><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Modeling><response><Data><Collection><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><design><designing><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><live cell microscopy><chronic infection><persistent infection><human pathogen><recurrent infection><infection recurrence><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder>
39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Atherosclerosis><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><atheromatosis><atherosclerotic disease><atherosclerotic vascular disease><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Cell division><Cells><Cell Body><Chlamydia><Miyagawanella><bedsonia><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydial Infection><chlamydial disease><Chlamydophila psittaci><C psittaci><C. psittaci><Chlamydia psittaci><Chlamydia trachomatis><C trachomatis><C. trachomatis><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydiales><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Eukaryotic Cell><Eye Infections><Ocular Infections><Gene Expression><Developmental Gene><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Lung diseases><Pulmonary Diseases><Pulmonary Disorder><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder><disease of the lung><disorder of the lung><lung disorder><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><Parasites><Peptidoglycan><Murein><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Polyploidy><Polyploid><Production><Role><social role><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Venereal Diseases><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Infections><Starvation><Stress><Testing><Time><Trachoma><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Women's Health><Female Health><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><Chlamydia pneumoniae><falls><promoter><promotor><Treatment Failure><therapy failure><Chronic><Clinical><Microscopic><Lifting><Reporter Genes><Link><Reproductive Health><Fe element><Iron><Reporter><Antibiotic Treatment><bacterial disease treatment><bacterial infectious disease treatment><Antibiotic Therapy><Hour><cell type><Pattern><System><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><environmental stresses><environmental stressor><Nutrient><member><Categories><Pathogenesis><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Modeling><response><Data><Collection><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><design><designing><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><live cell microscopy><chronic infection><persistent infection><human pathogen><recurrent infection><infection recurrence>
40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Adrenal Cortex Hormones><Corticoids><Corticosteroids><Affect><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biomedical Research><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Career Choice><Career Path><career aspiration><career interest><career pathway><career track><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Goals><Heart><Heart Diseases><Cardiac Diseases><Cardiac Disorders><heart disorder><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Internships><intern><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Kidney><Kidney Urinary System><renal><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Liver diseases><Hepatic Disorder><hepatic disease><hepatopathy><liver disorder><Lung><Lung Respiratory System><pulmonary><Mentors><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Production><Proteins><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Rest><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><Double-Stranded RNA><dsRNA><Messenger RNA><mRNA><Students><Testing><Thermodynamics><Thermodynamic><Tissues><Body Tissues><Trans-Activators><Trans-Acting Factors><Transactivators><Translations><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Universities><Work><RNA-Binding Proteins><Dissociation><Mediating><base><Organ><Site><repaired><repair><Biological><Link><Training><Binding Proteins><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Initiator Codon><Initiation Codon><Start Codon><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Exposure to><Inflammatory><Entropy><Electrostatics><programs><Source><extracellular><experience><mutant><enthalpy><cis acting element><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><novel><Coding System><Code><Regulation><Modeling><Skin><Molecular Interaction><Binding><protein expression><Institution><Address><Affinity><Human Pathology><Molecular Target><Regulatory Element><Resolution><Translational Regulation><Pathologic><Molecular><RNA Recognition Motif><Putative RNA-Binding Region><RNA Binding Domain><RNP Domain><RNP Motif><RNP-1 Signature><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><design><designing><Outcome><Impaired wound healing><Impaired tissue repair><abnormal tissue repair><delayed wound healing><translation assay><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><stem><treatment strategy><effective therapy><effective treatment><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><student training><summer research><nanomolar><nano-molar><recruit><side effect><Home>
41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Affect><Biomedical Research><Calorimetry><Cells><Cell Body><Collagen><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Fibrosis><Goals><Heart><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Ions><Kidney><Kidney Urinary System><renal><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Luciferases><Luciferase Immunologic><Lung><Lung Respiratory System><pulmonary><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Production><Proteins><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><Testing><Thermodynamic><Thermodynamics><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translations><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><RNA-Binding Proteins><Dissociation><Mediating><Titrations><base><Organ><Chronic><repaired><repair><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Initiation Codon><Start Codon><Initiator Codon><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Developed Countries><Reporter><Entropy><System><extracellular><experience><mutant><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><Coding System><Code><Regulation><NMR Spectrometer><nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy><NMR Spectroscopy><Organ failure><Skin><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Address><Affinity><Molecular Target><Resolution><Translation Initiation><Pathologic><Molecular><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><stem><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><rational design>
42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Accounting><Adoption><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Foundations><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Health><Literature><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Methods><Methodology><Mission><NIMH><National Institute of Mental Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Patients><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><healthcare quality><health care quality><Reference Ranges><Reference Values><Research><Study Type><study design><Research Design><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><Science><Testing><Translations><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Caring><improved><Clinical><Individual><Measurement><Sample Size><Funding><Reporter><tool><Scientist><System><interest><American><experience><Manuscripts><Speed><mate><Partner in relationship><Predictive Factor><Sampling><behavioral health><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><preventing><prevent><Address><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Characteristics><Process><study characteristics><cost><implementation research><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><design><designing><Outcome><Population><implementation science><community setting><evidence base><patient population><power analysis><study population><health care settings><healthcare settings><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><implementation determinants><implementation factors><implementation design><implementation research design><implementation study>
43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Accounting><Adoption><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Foundations><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Health><Literature><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Methods><Methodology><Mission><National Institute of Mental Health><NIMH><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><health care quality><healthcare quality><Reference Values><Reference Ranges><Research><Research Design><Study Type><study design><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Science><Testing><Translations><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Caring><improved><Clinical><Individual><Measurement><Sample Size><Funding><Reporter><tool><Scientist><System><interest><American><experience><Manuscripts><Speed><mate><Partner in relationship><Predictive Factor><Sampling><behavioral health><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><preventing><prevent><Address><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Characteristics><Process><study characteristics><cost><implementation research><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><design><designing><Outcome><Population><implementation science><community setting><evidence base><patient population><power analysis><study population><health care settings><healthcare settings><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><implementation determinants><implementation factors><implementation design><implementation research design><implementation study>
44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><macrophage><Mφ><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Neuroglia><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Pathology><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><Population Heterogeneity><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Injury><injuries><Peripheral><Acute><repaired><repair><Phase><Histologic><Histologically><Physiological><Physiologic><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Lesion><retinal damage><damage to retina><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immunes><Immune><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><retinal regeneration><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Pathway interactions><pathway><healing><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><design><designing><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity>
45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><Macrophage><Mφ><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Neuroglia><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Pathology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Population Heterogeneity><injuries><Injury><Peripheral><Acute><repair><repaired><Phase><Histologically><Histologic><Physiologic><Physiological><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Microglia><Lesion><damage to retina><retinal damage><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immune><Immunes><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Muller's cell><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><mutant><retinal regeneration><neuron loss><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Profiling><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><analyze gene expression><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Pathway interactions><pathway><healing><neural inflammation><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><designing><design><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><neuron regeneration><neuronal regeneration><pharmacologic>
46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Antibodies><Automobile Driving><driving><Western Blotting><Western Immunoblotting><protein blotting><bone><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Female Breast Carcinoma><Female Breast Cancer><Mammary Carcinoma of the Female Breast><Cause of Death><Cell Count><Cell Number><Cells><Cell Body><Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay><ELISA><Epithelium><Epithelium Part><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Family><Fluorescence><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><In Vitro><Inflammation><Interleukin-6><B cell differentiation factor><B cell stimulating factor 2><B-Cell Differentiation Factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2><BCDF><BSF-2><BSF2><HPGF><Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor><Hybridoma Growth Factor><IFN-beta 2><IFNB2><IL-6><IL6 Protein><MGI-2><Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein><Plasmacytoma Growth Factor><interferon beta 2><Laboratories><Literature><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Lung><Lung Respiratory System><pulmonary><macrophage><Methods><monocyte><Blood monocyte><Marrow monocyte><Neoplasm Circulating Cells><circulating neoplastic cell><circulating tumor cell><Neoplasm Metastasis><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><neutrophil><Blood Neutrophil><Blood Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil><Marrow Neutrophil><Neutrophilic Granulocyte><Neutrophilic Leukocyte><Polymorphonuclear Cell><Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes><Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils><Legal patent><Patents><Patients><Phenotype><Production><Proteins><Publishing><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Spectrum Analysis><Spectroscopy><Spectrum Analyses><Survival Rate><T-Lymphocyte><T-Cells><thymus derived lymphocyte><Testing><Woman><Work><Interleukin 6 Receptor><CD126 Antigens><CD126 Receptor><IL-6 Receptors><IL6 Receptors><oncostatin M><Recombinant Oncostatin M><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><Metastasis to the Lung><Metastatic Tumor to the Lung><lung metastasis><metastasize to the lung><pulmonary metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Lung><Bone Metastasis><Bone cancer metastatic><Bony metastasis><Metastasis to bone><Metastatic Cancer to the Bone><Metastatic Tumor to the Bone><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to bone><Osseous metastasis><Secondary cancer of bone><Secondary malignancy of bone><Secondary malignant neoplasm of bone><Skeletal metastasis><bone neoplasm secondary><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Bone><base><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><genetic manipulation><Organ><Label><Microscope><improved><Epithelial><Individual><ERBB2><HER -2><HER-2><HER2><HER2 Genes><HER2/neu><NEU Oncogene><NEU protein><Oncogene ErbB2><TKR1><c-erbB-2><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><erbB-2 Genes><herstatin><neu Genes><ERBB2 gene><ER Negative><Estrogen receptor negative><PR Negative><progesterone receptor negative><Therapeutic><Knowledge><Complex><Tumor Cell><neoplastic cell><Receptor Protein><receptor><RT-PCR><RTPCR><reverse transcriptase PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><ERalpha><ERα><Estradiol Receptor alpha><Estradiol Receptor α><Estrogen Receptor α><Estrogen Receptor alpha><expectation><novel><Negotiating><Negotiation><Mediation><Regulation><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Distant Cancer><Distant Metastasis><Tumor Invasion><Tumor Cell Invasion><STAT3><STAT3 gene><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Breast tumor model><mammary cancer model><mammary tumor model><Breast Cancer Model><Data><Detection><breast tumor cell><Breast Cancer Cell><Mesenchymal><in vivo><Cancer Biology><Osteolytic><Signaling Molecule><developmental><Development><TNBC><triple-negative breast cancer><triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma><cancer microenvironment><tumor microenvironment><neutralizing mAb><neutralizing monoclonal antibodies><Population><metastatic process><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><murine model><mouse model><tumor><FDA approved><patient population><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><Breast Metastasis><Breast cancer metastasis><Breast Tumor Patient><Breast Cancer Patient><Metastatic breast cancer><translational impact>
47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><macrophage><Mφ><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neuroglia><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><living system><Organism><Pathology><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Retina><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Degeneration><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Diseases><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><Population Heterogeneity><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Injury><injuries><Peripheral><Acute><repaired><repair><Phase><Histologic><Histologically><Physiological><Physiologic><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Lesion><damage to retina><retinal damage><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immunes><Immune><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><retinal regeneration><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Neuraxis><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Pathway interactions><pathway><healing><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><design><designing><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity>
48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Cell Extracts><Color><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Fishes><Follow-Up Studies><Followup Studies><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Genes><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Maintenance><Methods><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Public Health><Thyroid Hormone Receptor><Research><Retina><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Role><social role><Testing><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Mediating><RXR><9-cis-Retinoic Acid Receptor><RXR Protein><Retinoic Acid Receptor RXR><Retinoid X Receptors><Data Set><Dataset><In Situ Hybridization><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><Injury><injuries><base><Biological><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><insight><Individual><Color blindness><Genetic><tool><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><Knowledge><cell type><Pattern><Locus Control Region><Receptor Protein><receptor><synapse formation><synaptogenesis><member><Regulation><Modeling><response><Human X Chromosome><chromatin remodeling><Regenerative Medicine><degenerative condition><degenerative disease><Degenerative Disorder><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Defect><Data><Validation><Knock-out><Knockout><Process><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><Population><combinatorial><loss of function><gain of function><vision science><visual science><treatment strategy><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Cone><Hormone use><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><CRISPR/Cas technology><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><hormonal signals><hormone signals><single-cell RNA sequencing><scRNA-seq><single cell RNA-seq><single cell RNAseq><cell replacement therapy>
49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Cell Extracts><Cells><Cell Body><Color><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Fishes><Follow-Up Studies><Followup Studies><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Genes><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Maintenance><Methods><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Public Health><Thyroid Hormone Receptor><Research><Retina><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Role><social role><Testing><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Mediating><9-cis-Retinoic Acid Receptor><RXR Protein><Retinoic Acid Receptor RXR><Retinoid X Receptors><RXR><Dataset><Data Set><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><In Situ Hybridization><injuries><Injury><base><Biological><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Adolescent><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Retinal Cone><insight><Individual><Color blindness><Replacement Therapy><Genetic><tool><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><Knowledge><cell type><Pattern><Locus Control Region><Receptor Protein><receptor><synapse formation><synaptogenesis><member><Regulation><Modeling><response><Human X Chromosome><chromatin remodeling><Regenerative Medicine><degenerative condition><degenerative disease><Degenerative Disorder><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Defect><Data><Validation><Knockout><Knock-out><Process><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional signature><Gene Expression Profile><Population><combinatorial><loss of function><gain of function><visual science><vision science><treatment strategy><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome sequencing><Cone><Hormone use><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><differential expression><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><CRISPR/Cas technology><hormone signals><hormonal signals><scRNA-seq><single cell RNA-seq><single cell RNAseq><single-cell RNA sequencing>
50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Cell Extracts><Color><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Fishes><Follow-Up Studies><Followup Studies><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene repair therapy><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Genes><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Maintenance><Methods><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><living system><Organism><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Photoreceptors><Public Health><Thyroid Hormone Receptor><Research><Retina><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinal Pigments><social role><Role><Testing><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Thyroid Hormones><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Mediating><RXR><9-cis-Retinoic Acid Receptor><RXR Protein><Retinoic Acid Receptor RXR><Retinoid X Receptors><Data Set><Dataset><In Situ Hybridization><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><Injury><injuries><base><Biological><biologic><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><insight><Individual><Color blindness><Genetic><tool><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><Knowledge><cell type><Pattern><Locus Control Region><Receptor Protein><receptor><synapse formation><synaptogenesis><member><Regulation><Modeling><response><Human X Chromosome><chromatin remodeling><Regenerative Medicine><degenerative condition><degenerative disease><Degenerative Disorder><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Defect><Data><Validation><Knock-out><Knockout><Process><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><Population><combinatorial><loss of function><gain of function><vision science><visual science><treatment strategy><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Cone><Hormone use><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><CRISPR/Cas technology><CRISPR approach><CRISPR based approach><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR tools><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/CAS approach><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats approach><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><hormonal signals><hormone signals><single-cell RNA sequencing><scRNA-seq><single cell RNA-seq><single cell RNAseq><single cell expression profiling><single cell transcriptomic profiling><cell replacement therapy><cell replacement treatment>
51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><macrophage><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Neuroglia><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Pathology><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Population Heterogeneity><injuries><Injury><Peripheral><Acute><repair><repaired><Phase><Histologically><Histologic><Physiologic><Physiological><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Microglia><Lesion><damage to retina><retinal damage><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immunes><Immune><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><retinal regeneration><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><pathway><Pathway interactions><healing><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><designing><design><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome>
52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Adhesions><Basement membrane><Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Adhesion><Cellular Adhesion><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Pharmacology><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><Role><social role><seal><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stroke><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><injuries><Injury><Surface><Acute><Phase><Physiologic><Physiological><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Knockout Mice><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><inflammatory mediator><Inflammation Mediators><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Amentia><Dementia><Autocrine Systems><autocrine><brain cell><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><AKT2 gene><Regulation><Modeling><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Traumatic Brain Injury><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><FOXO1A gene><Data><Tet><Tetanus Helper Peptide><in vivo><Gene Transfer><KI mice><knockin mice><Knock-in Mouse><Pathologic><Molecular><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><cost><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><neural dysfunction><Neuronal Dysfunction><innovate><innovative><innovation><Impairment><murine model><mouse model><combat><overexpress><overexpression><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><screening><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><multiple sclerosis patient><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><preservation><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function><blood-brain barrier function>
53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Adhesions><Basement membrane><Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Adhesion><Cellular Adhesion><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><de-myelinating diseases><de-myelinating disorders><demyelinating conditions><demyelination diseases><demyelination disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Persons><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Pharmacology><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><social role><Role><seal><Signal Pathway><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><Stroke><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Injury><injuries><Surface><Acute><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Knockout Mice><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><inflammatory mediator><Inflammation Mediators><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Amentia><Dementia><Autocrine Systems><autocrine><brain cell><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><AKT2 gene><Regulation><Modeling><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Traumatic Brain Injury><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Neuraxis><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><FOXO1A gene><Data><Tetanus Helper Peptide><Tet><in vivo><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><KI mice><knockin mice><Pathologic><Molecular><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><Neuronal Dysfunction><neural dysfunction><innovation><innovate><innovative><Impairment><mouse model><murine model><overexpression><overexpress><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><screening><multiple sclerosis patient><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><preservation><blood-brain barrier function><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function>
54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Persons><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><Role><social role><seal><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stroke><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><stroked><strokes><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><injuries><Injury><Acute><Phase><Physiologic><Physiological><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Knockout Mice><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><inflammatory mediator><Inflammation Mediators><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Dementia><Amentia><autocrine><Autocrine Systems><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2 gene><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><Regulation><Modeling><surface coating><Traumatic Brain Injury><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><gene repression><Gene Down-Regulation><Transcription Repression><Transcriptional Repression><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FOXO1A gene><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><Data><in vivo><Cell Adhesion Inhibition><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><KI mice><knockin mice><Pathologic><Molecular><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><neural inflammation><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><neural dysfunction><Neuronal Dysfunction><innovate><innovative><innovation><Impairment><murine model><mouse model><overexpress><overexpression><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><screenings><screening><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><people with Multiple sclerosis><multiple sclerosis patient><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><preservation><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function><blood-brain barrier function><pharmacologic><Blood brain barrier dysfunction><Adhesions><Basement membrane><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cell Separation><Cell Isolation><Cell Segregation><Cell Separation Technology><cell sorting><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><de-myelinating diseases><de-myelinating disorders><demyelinating conditions><demyelination diseases><demyelination disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis>
55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Adhesions><Basement membrane><Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Adhesion><Cellular Adhesion><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Pharmacology><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><Role><social role><seal><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stroke><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Injury><injuries><Surface><Acute><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><Knockout Mice><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Tight Junctions><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Disease Progression><Inflammation Mediators><inflammatory mediator><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Amentia><Dementia><Autocrine Systems><autocrine><brain cell><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><AKT2 gene><Regulation><Modeling><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Traumatic Brain Injury><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><FOXO1A gene><Data><Tetanus Helper Peptide><Tet><in vivo><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><KI mice><knockin mice><Pathologic><Molecular><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><Neuronal Dysfunction><neural dysfunction><innovation><innovate><innovative><Impairment><mouse model><murine model><overexpression><overexpress><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><screening><multiple sclerosis patient><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><preservation><blood-brain barrier function><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function>
56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Actins><Affect><ages><Age><Aging><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Bedrest><Bed rest><bone><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Bone Marrow><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Aging><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Cytoskeleton><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Disabled Persons><Health><In Vitro><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mus><locomotor system><Musculoskeletal System><Nuclear Membrane><Nuclear Envelope><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteogenesis><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><QOL><Quality of life><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><medical costs><Medical Care Costs><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><attenuate><attenuates><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanic><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Proliferation><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Skeleton><skeletons><response><mimetics><Transcriptional Regulation><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Binding><Molecular Interaction><F-Actin><Filamentous Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Effectiveness><prevent><preventing><Weight-Bearing state><Load Bearing><Weight Bearing><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Data><Proliferating><in vivo><Nuclear Structure><Nuclear Translocation><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><age dependent><age related><designing><design><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><progenitor proliferation><stem and progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><progenitor function><stem and progenitor cell function><stem and progenitor function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><progenitor growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><progenitor aging><progenitor cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cues><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><Osteogenesis><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age related><age dependent><design><designing><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging>
58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Membrane><Nuclear Envelope><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteogenesis><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><QOL><Quality of life><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age related><age dependent><design><designing><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cues><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><corpulency><corpulentia><obese><obese people><obese person><obese population><Osteogenesis><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><medical costs><Medical Care Costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age dependent><age related><designing><design><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><preservation><progenitor cell proliferation><stem cell proliferation><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><Impaired healing>
60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Membrane><Nuclear Envelope><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteogenesis><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><QOL><Quality of life><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age related><age dependent><design><designing><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue><Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin>
61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Foundations><Health><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><Osteoporosis><Perception><Quality of life><QOL><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Time><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Musculoskeletal><Nuclear><interest><novel><Prevention><Modality><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Molecular><Process><design><designing><aged><Impairment><parent grant><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging>
62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Actins><Affect><ages><Age><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><Osteogenesis><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><medical costs><Medical Care Costs><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><attenuate><attenuates><Knowledge><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Proliferation><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Skeleton><skeletons><response><mimetics><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load Bearing><Weight Bearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Data><Proliferating><in vivo><Nuclear Structure><Nuclear Translocation><transmission process><Transmission><Molecular><Process><age dependent><age related><designing><design><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><osteogenic><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><preservation><progenitor cell proliferation><stem cell proliferation><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><Impaired healing><progenitor cell function><stem cell function><progenitor Cell growth><stem cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Amino Acid Sequence><Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Animals><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biology><Cells><Cell Body><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA-Binding Proteins><Exhibits><Goals><Head><Health><Human><Modern Man><Organism><living system><Research><research and development><Development and Research><R & D><R&D><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Testing><transcription factor><Basal Transcription Factor><Basal transcription factor genes><General Transcription Factor Gene><General Transcription Factors><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><Transcription factor genes><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Universities><notch protein><notch><notch receptors><promotor><promoter><Schedule><DNA Sequence><base><improved><Procedures><Training><Individual><restraint><Protein Dimerization><Dimerization><Knowledge><cell biology><Cellular biology><Dimensions><Complex><human tissue><Pattern><System><preference><dimer><monomer><high school><knowledgebase><knowledge base><novel><graduate student><Reporting><DNA Binding Interaction><DNA bound><DNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Transcription Activator><Transcription Factor Coactivator><Transcriptional Activator><Transcriptional Activator/Coactivator><Transcriptional Coactivator><transcription co-activator><transcriptional co-activator><Transcription Coactivator><Address><R15 Mechanism><R15 Program><Academic Research Enhancement Awards><Affinity><Data><Heterodimerization><Mutate><Transcript><Molecular><pathway><Pathway interactions><Output><Coupled><fundamental research><mammalian genome><human disease><ChIP Sequencing><chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing><ChIP-seq><undergraduate><undergraduate student><experiment><experimental research><experimental study>
64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><tumor progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><ubiquitin ligase><designing><design><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><misfolded protein><Molecular Disease>
65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease>
66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><design><designing><Outcome><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease>
67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Affect><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><aberrant folded protein><aberrant folded proteins><abnormal folded protein><abnormal folded proteins><misfolded proteins><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease><rational design>
68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biophysics><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Malignant Neoplasms><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Client><Mucoviscidosis><Cystic Fibrosis><Disorder><Disease><Exhibits><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><conformational state><conformation><Molecular Stereochemistry><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Conformation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Testing><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><hsp90 Family><HSP90><HSP-90><tool><Complex><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><mutant><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Structure><novel><Multiprotein Complexes><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovative><innovate><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><proteotoxin><proteotoxic protein><Molecular Disease>
69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Affect><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><aberrant folded protein><aberrant folded proteins><abnormal folded protein><abnormal folded proteins><misfolded proteins><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease><rational design>
70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Lecithin><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylserines><Phosphatides><Phospholipids><Play><Proteins><Racial Group><Racial Stocks><Race><Research><social role><Role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><Cataract><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><base><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><insight><Individual><Measurement><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><membrane structure><Membrane><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age related><age dependent><lens transparency><lens><lenses><Structural Protein>
71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><plasmalemma><Plasma Membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Cell membrane><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cholesterol><lens protein><Crystallins><Cytoplasm><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><ESR Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><Eyeball><Eye><Goals><Health><History><Recording of previous events><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ocular Lens><Eye Lens><Crystalline Lens><Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Methods><Moles><Mole the mammal><Phosphatidylcholines><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Lecithin><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Cephalins><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylserines><Phosphatides><Phospholipids><Play><Proteins><Racial Stocks><Racial Group><Race><Research><social role><Role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><cataractous lenses><cataractogenesis><Cataract><base><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><insight><Individual><Measurement><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><Membrane><membrane structure><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><protein structure><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age related><age dependent><lens transparency><lens><lenses><Structural Protein>
72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Lecithin><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Phosphatidylserines><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phospholipids><Phosphatides><Play><Proteins><Race><Racial Group><Racial Stocks><Research><Role><social role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><Cataract><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><base><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><insight><Individual><Measurement><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><membrane structure><Membrane><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age related><age dependent><lens transparency><lens><lenses><Structural Protein>
73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Lecithin><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Phosphatidylserines><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phospholipids><Phosphatides><Play><Proteins><Race><Racial Group><Racial Stocks><Research><Role><social role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><Cataract><base><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><insight><Individual><Measurement><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><membrane structure><Membrane><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><developmental><Development><age dependent><age related><lens transparency><lenses><lens><Structural Protein>
74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Affect><ages><Age><α-Crystallins><alpha-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Lecithin><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Phosphatidylserines><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phospholipids><Phosphatides><Play><Proteins><Race><Races><racial><racial background><racial origin><Research><Role><social role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><Cataract><biologic><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><insight><Individual><Measurement><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Physical assessment><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><Membrane><membrane structure><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age dependent><age related><lens transparency><lenses><lens><Structural Protein>
75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Affect><Algorithms><Behavior><Biocompatible Materials><biological material><Biomaterials><Blood Vessels><vascular><Cell Body><Cells><Collagen><Connective Tissue><Cues><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibroblasts><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Modern Man><Human><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><Rhythmicity><Cyclicity><Periodicity><Production><Productivity><Proteins><Public Health><QOL><Quality of life><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Research Proposals><social role><Role><Stress><Tendons><Tendon structure><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Universities><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Competence><Mediating><Workplace><work setting><Worksite><Work-Site><Work Place><Work Location><Job Site><Job Setting><Job Place><Job Location><Guidelines><Injury><base><density><improved><Surface><Chronic><repaired><repair><Anabolism><biosynthesis><soft tissue><Fiber><Stimulus><Individual><Therapeutic><Exposure to><Shapes><scaffold><scaffolding><Bioreactors><Knowledge><Mechanics><mechanical><Scientist><Dimensions><Complex><3-Dimensional><3D><3-D><Musculoskeletal><Visit><kinematics><kinematic model><novel><Reporting><Modeling><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Mechanical Stimulation><Data><Dense Connective Tissue><in vivo><Connective and Soft Tissue><Validation><Development><developmental><cost><healing><injured><predictive modeling><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><design><designing><conditioning><Outcome><Network-based><functional restoration><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><mechanical behavior><evidence base><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><clinical practice><undergraduate student><undergraduate><mechanical properties><Modulus><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><preservation><stress state>
76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mental health care><mental healthcare><mortality><Motivation><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Out-patients><Outpatients><Patients><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Social Environment><Software><Computer software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><pediatric><Childhood><institutional climate><organizational climate><Measurement><Funding><randomized control trial><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Electronic Health Record><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><burden of illness><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><improve symptom><symptom improvement><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure><implementation intervention><implementation efforts><digital health><provider behavior><clinician behavior><physician behavior><pilot test>
77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Behavior><Mental disorders><psychological disorder><psychiatric illness><mental illness><Psychiatric Disorder><Psychiatric Disease><Mental health disorders><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Economical Income><Economic Income><Income><Investments><Leadership><Psychological Health><Mental Hygiene><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene Services><Mental Health Services><mortality><Motivation><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Out-patients><Outpatients><Patients><wellbeing><well-being><Personal Satisfaction><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Software><Computer software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth 10-21><Youth><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><Childhood><pediatric><organizational climate><institutional climate><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><randomized controlled study><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Care Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Patient outcome><Electronic Health Record><electronic healthcare record><electronic health care record><burden of illness><years of life lost to disease><years of life lost to disability><disease burden><burden of disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><symptom improvement><improve symptom><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><Infrastructure>
78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Communities><Interview><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><Methods><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Parents><Public Health><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Supervision><Testing><Work><Healthcare><health care><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><Workplace><Job Location><Job Place><Job Setting><Job Site><Work Location><Work Place><Work-Site><Worksite><work setting><base><career><improved><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Link><Failure><organizational climate><institutional climate><Policies><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><programs><Scientist><Complex><Techniques><psychosocial><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Evidence based practice><Data><cost><digital><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><infrastructure development><clinical practice><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Workforce Development><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure>
79                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mortality><Motivation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Outpatients><Out-patients><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Social Environment><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Computer software><Software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><Childhood><pediatric><organizational climate><institutional climate><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Electronic Health Record><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><burden of illness><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><improve symptom><symptom improvement><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure><implementation intervention><implementation efforts><digital health><provider behavior><clinician behavior><physician behavior>
80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mental health care><mental healthcare><mortality><Motivation><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Out-patients><Outpatients><Patients><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Social Environment><Software><Computer software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><pediatric><Childhood><institutional climate><organizational climate><Measurement><Funding><randomized control trial><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Electronic Health Record><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><burden of illness><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><improve symptom><symptom improvement><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure><implementation intervention><implementation efforts><digital health><provider behavior><clinician behavior><physician behavior><pilot test>
81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Behavior><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mortality><Motivation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Outpatients><Out-patients><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Social Environment><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Computer software><Software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth 10-21><Youth><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><pediatric><Childhood><institutional climate><organizational climate><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Patient-Focused Outcomes><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><Electronic Health Record><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><burden of illness><care services><care systems><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><improve symptom><symptom improvement><symptomatic improvement><Randomization trial><randomized trial><BigData><Big Data><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><Infrastructure>
82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain Stem><Brainstem><spinal fluid><cerebral spinal fluid><Cerebrospinal Fluid><Diagnosis><Disorder><Disease><foramen magnum><Goals><head ache><Head Pain><Cranial Pain><Cephalodynia><Cephalgia><Cephalalgia><Headache><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Zeugmatography><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging><NMR Tomography><NMR Imaging><Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><MRI><MR Tomography><MR Imaging><Magnetic Resonance Imaging><Motion><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><nervous system disorder><Obstruction><Patients><Physicians><pressure><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Medulla Spinalis><Spinal Cord><backbone><Spine><Spinal Column><Vertebral column><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Work><X-Ray Medical Imaging><X-Ray Imaging><Roentgenography><Radiography><Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology><Diagnostic X-Ray><Diagnostic Radiology><Conventional X-Ray><Diagnostic radiologic examination><Measures><Cranial Base><Basis cranii><Basicranium><skull base><Cerebellar tonsil><cerebellar tonsilla><base><Image Analysis><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Left><Clinical><Phase><Measurement><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Multicenter Studies><Multi-center studies><Morphology><tool><Diagnostic><Techniques><Location><brain tissue><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><Early Diagnosis><early detection><success><relating to nervous system><neural><Stretching><novel><member><Pathogenesis><Positioning Attribute><Position><Incidental Findings><Chiari Malformation Type 1><Tonsil><tonsillar><Neuraxis><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Posterior Fossa><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Symptoms><Data><Clinical Management><Common Data Element><Cardiac><Image><imaging><cost><Outcome><malformation><high risk><symptomatic improvement><symptom improvement><improve symptom><Biological Markers><biomarker><biologic marker><bio-markers><operation><bulk motion><common symptom><overtreatment><over-treatment><tissue stress>
83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Brain Stem><Brainstem><Cerebrospinal Fluid><cerebral spinal fluid><spinal fluid><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><foramen magnum><Goals><Headache><Cephalalgia><Cephalgia><Cephalodynia><Cranial Pain><Head Pain><head ache><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Magnetic Resonance Imaging><MR Imaging><MR Tomography><MRI><Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><NMR Imaging><NMR Tomography><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging><Zeugmatography><Motion><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><nervous system disorder><Nervous System Diseases><Neurologic Disorders><Neurological Disorders><neurological disease><Obstruction><Patients><Physicians><pressure><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Spinal Cord><Medulla Spinalis><Vertebral column><Spinal Column><Spine><backbone><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><Diagnostic radiologic examination><Conventional X-Ray><Diagnostic Radiology><Diagnostic X-Ray><Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology><Radiography><Roentgenography><X-Ray Imaging><X-Ray Medical Imaging><Xray imaging><Xray medical imaging><conventional Xray><diagnostic Xray><diagnostic Xray radiology><Measures><Basicranium><Basis cranii><Cranial Base><skull base><cerebellar tonsilla><Cerebellar tonsil><base><Left><Clinical><Phase><Measurement><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Multi-center studies><Multicenter Studies><Morphology><tool><Diagnostic><Techniques><Location><brain tissue><Operative Procedures><Surgical><Surgical Interventions><Surgical Procedure><surgery><Operative Surgical Procedures><early detection><Early Diagnosis><success><neural><relating to nervous system><Stretching><novel><member><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Incidental Findings><Chiari Malformation Type 1><tonsillar><Tonsil><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Posterior Fossa><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><Data><Clinical Management><Common Data Element><Cardiac><imaging><Image><cost><Outcome><malformation><high risk><improve symptom><symptom improvement><symptomatic improvement><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><Biological Markers><operation><bulk motion><common symptom><over-treatment><overtreatment><tissue stress>
84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Atherosclerosis><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><atheromatosis><atherosclerotic disease><atherosclerotic vascular disease><Back><Dorsum><Bacteria><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cells><Cell Body><Chlamydia><Miyagawanella><bedsonia><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydial Infection><chlamydial disease><Chlamydophila psittaci><C psittaci><C. psittaci><Chlamydia psittaci><Chlamydia trachomatis><C trachomatis><C. trachomatis><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydiales><Chromosomes><Disease><Disorder><DNA-Binding Proteins><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Eukaryotic Cell><Genes><Genetic Screening><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histone H1><Histones><Indiana><Infection><Laboratories><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Lung diseases><Pulmonary Diseases><Pulmonary Disorder><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder><disease of the lung><disorder of the lung><lung disorder><Maps><Organism><living system><Parasites><Penicillins><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Production><Proteins><Role><social role><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Venereal Diseases><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Infections><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Suppressor Mutations><Temperature><Time><Trachoma><Translations><Universities><Work><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Mutagenesis><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><Chlamydia pneumoniae><Phase><Biochemical><Link><Chemicals><Genetic><Reporter><programs><Hour><Complex><cell type><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Viral><Apoptosis Response Protein><Hypothetical Protein><PRKC, Apoptosis, WT1, Regulator><Prostate Apoptosis Response Protein 4><Transcriptional Repressor PAR4><WT1-Interacting Protein><par-4 protein><PAWR protein><mutant><temperature sensitive mutant><novel><Environmental Factor><environmental risk><Environmental Risk Factor><Pathogenesis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Regulation><Functional RNA><Non-Coding><Non-Coding RNA><Non-translated RNA><Noncoding RNA><Nontranslated RNA><noncoding><Untranslated RNA><microbial antibiotic resistant><microbial resistance to antibiotic><Microbial Antibiotic Resistance><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><genome sequencing><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><GeneHomolog><Homolog><Homologue><Homologous Gene><Antimicrobial resistant><Resistance to antimicrobial><anti-microbial resistance><anti-microbial resistant><resistance to anti-microbial><resistant to anti-microbial><resistant to antimicrobial><Antimicrobial Resistance><Data><Developmental Process><Sexually Transmitted Agents><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><pathogen><man's><man><obligate intracellular parasite><therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><genetic strategy><genetic approach><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><live cell imaging><entire genome><full genome><whole genome><human pathogen>
85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Atherosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Back><Dorsum><Bacteria><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Body><Cells><bedsonia><Miyagawanella><Chlamydia><chlamydial disease><Chlamydial Infection><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydia psittaci><C.psittaci><C. psittaci><C psittaci><Chlamydophila psittaci><Rickettsia trachomae><C. trachomatis><C trachomatis><Chlamydia trachomatis><Chlamydiales><Chromosomes><Disorder><Disease><DNA-Binding Proteins><Environment><balance function><balance><Equilibrium><Eukaryotic Cell><Genes><Genetic Screening><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histone H1><Histones><Indiana><Infection><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><lung disorder><disorder of the lung><disease of the lung><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Lung diseases><Maps><living system><Organism><Parasites><Penicillin Antibiotics><Penicillins><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Production><Proteins><social role><Role><Venereal Infections><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Suppressor Mutations><Temperature><Time><Trachoma><Translations><Universities><Work><Zoonotic Infection><Zoonotic><Zoonoses><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis><Chlamydia pneumoniae><C.pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><Phase><Biochemical><Link><Chemicals><Genetic><Reporter><programs><Hour><Complex><cell type><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Viral><PAWR protein><par-4 protein><WT1-Interacting Protein><Transcriptional Repressor PAR4><Prostate Apoptosis Response Protein 4><PRKC, Apoptosis, WT1, Regulator><Hypothetical Protein><Apoptosis Response Protein><One-Step dentin bonding system><One Step><mutant><temperature sensitive mutant><novel><Environmental Risk Factor><environmental risk><Environmental Factor><Pathogenesis><Gene Expression Profiling><transcriptional profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Regulation><Untranslated RNA><noncoding><Nontranslated RNA><Noncoding RNA><Non-translated RNA><Non-Coding RNA><Non-Coding><Functional RNA><Microbial Antibiotic Resistance><microbial resistance to antibiotic><microbial antibiotic resistant><Molecular Interaction><Binding><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><genome sequencing><Candidate Disease Gene><Candidate Gene><Homologous Gene><Homologue><Homolog><GeneHomolog><Antimicrobial Resistance><resistant to antimicrobial><resistant to anti-microbial><resistance to anti-microbial><anti-microbial resistant><anti-microbial resistance><Resistance to antimicrobial><Antimicrobial resistant><Data><Developmental Process><Sexually Transmitted Agents><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><pathogen><man><man's><obligate intracellular parasite><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><genetic approach><live cell imaging><live cellular imaging><live cellular image><live cell image><whole genome><full genome><entire genome><human pathogen>
86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Accidental Falls><Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Age><ages><Elderly><senior citizen><older person><older adult><later life><late life><geriatric><elders><advanced age><Aging><Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Arthralgia><Joint Pain><Automobile Driving><driving><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Cessation of life><Death><Equilibrium><balance function><balance><Floor><Foundations><Gait><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Joint Instability><Joints><Knee><Knee joint><Lower Extremity><Membrum inferius><Lower Limb><Motion><Movement><body movement><Muscle><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Obesity><obese population><obese person><obese people><obese><corpulentia><corpulency><corpulence><adiposity><Patients><Polishes><Prospective Studies><Recurrence><Recurrent><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Risk Factors><Training Programs><Universities><Work><Environmental Hazards><Measures><Articular Range of Motion><range of motion><Joint Range of Motion><Walking><falls><Competence><Joint Laxity><Joint Hypermobility><knee replacement arthroplasty><total knee arthroplasty><Total Knee Replacement><Knee replacement><Knee joint replacement operation><Knee arthroplasty><Data Set><Dataset><Muscle Weakness><Muscular Weakness><Friction><Injury><improved><Surface><Chronic><Physiologic><Physiological><Link><insight><young adulthood><adult youth><young adult><Funding><Impaired cognition><cognitively impaired><cognitive loss><cognitive dysfunction><Disturbance in cognition><Cognitive function abnormal><Cognitive decline><Cognitive Impairment><Cognitive Disturbance><Adopted><Principal Component Analysis><Principal Component Analyses><Reaction><Techniques><Musculoskeletal><muscle strength><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><experience><hazard><cohort><kinematics><kinematic model><Speed><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Modeling><response><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Three-Dimensional Imaging><Three Dimensional Medical Imaging><3D imaging><3-D Imaging><fall risk><Weight-Bearing state><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing><Loadbearing><Load-Bearing><cognitive change><Age-Years><Data><Cognitive><Older Population><translation research><Translational Science><Translational Research><neuromuscular><aging effect><age effect><cost><Prevalence><aged><innovative><innovate><innovation><Impairment><neuromechanical><Neuromechanics><population aging><aged population><aging population><high risk><balance testing><cartilage degeneration><cartilage degradation><knee mechanics>
87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Aftercare><post treatment><After-Treatment><After Care><Animals><Argon><Ar element><Atmospheric Pressure><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Burn injury><burned><Burns><Collagen><Computers><Debridement><Diabetes Mellitus><diabetes><Ear><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Fluorescence><Glass><Goals><Histology><Hybrids><In Vitro><Internships><intern><Ions><Medical Device><Mentors><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Necrosis><Necrotic><Oxygen><O2 element><O element><Pain><Painful><Patients><Plasma><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Pseudomonas><Flavimonas><Chrysemonas><Public Health><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Robotics><Science><Stains><Staining method><Staphylococcus aureus><Staph aureus><S.aureus><S. aureus><S aureus><Family suidae><suid><porcine><Swine><Suidae><Pigs><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Trypan Blue><Benzamine Blue><Vascular Diseases><vasculopathy><vascular dysfunction><blood vessel disorder><Vascular Disorder><Wound Infection><matrigel><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Technics><Imaging Procedures><Measures><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><Health Care Costs><Healthcare Costs><Health Costs><Healthcare><health care><Pro-Oxidants><Oxygen Radicals><Active Oxygen><Reactive Oxygen Species><career><improved><Procedures><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Image Analysis><Site><Area><Surface><Solid><Training><Consciousness><Conscious><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Confocal Microscopy><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><instrument><Knowledge><scalpel><light microscopy><Complex><Stream><Protocols documentation><Protocol><Source><Techniques><System><Location><Width><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><Ablation><Colony-forming units><Performance><success><cell killing><microbial><graduate student><Devices><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><response><portability><Tissue Sample><Readiness><Preparedness><Address><Resolution><in vivo><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Tissue Model><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><cost><healing><optic imaging><optical imaging><Advanced Development><designing><design><Outcome><wound><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><novel therapeutics><public health relevance><arm><undergraduate><undergraduate student><imaging system><summer research><chronic skin wound><chronic wound><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><microscopic imaging><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples><histological specimens><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><reduce pain><pain reduction>
88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Metabolic><Inflammatory><machine learned><Machine Learning><Immunes><Immune><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Prevention><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Modeling><Sampling><case control><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Mammary gland><Gland><preventing><prevent><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventative intervention><intervention for prevention><prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><preventive intervention><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community><mammary>
89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Immune response><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Metabolic><Inflammatory><Machine Learning><machine learned><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Partner in relationship><mate><Prevention><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Modeling><Sampling><case control><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Mammary gland><mammary><Gland><prevent><preventing><Etiology><Causality><causation><disease causation><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventive Intervention><Preventative intervention><Prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogenic bacteria><bacterial pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community>
90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum><post-partum><Postpartum Period><macromolecule><Clinical><Variation><Variant><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Metabolic><Inflammatory><machine learned><Machine Learning><Immunes><Immune><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Prevention><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Modeling><Sampling><case control><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><mammary><Mammary gland><Gland><preventing><prevent><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventative intervention><Prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Preventive Intervention><Characteristics><Molecular><developmental><Development><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><designing><design><Outcome><bacterial pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><community microbes><microbial community><Microbe><high risk><inflammation marker><inflammatory marker><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><Biological Markers><multiomics><multiple omics><metabonome><metabolome><inflammatory environment><inflammatory milieu><produce milk><milk production><DNA seq><DNAseq><DNA sequencing><milk microbiome><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><dysbiosis><bacterial community>
91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Immune response><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Metabolic><Inflammatory><Machine Learning><machine learned><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Partner in relationship><mate><Prevention><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Modeling><Sampling><case control><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Mammary gland><mammary><Gland><prevent><preventing><Etiology><Causality><causation><disease causation><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventive Intervention><Preventative intervention><Prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community>
92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Painful><Pain><Phenotype><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Metabolic><Inflammatory><machine learned><Machine Learning><Immunes><Immune><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Prevention><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Modeling><Sampling><case-controlled><case control><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Mammary gland><Gland><preventing><prevent><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventative intervention><intervention for prevention><prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><preventive intervention><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community><mammary>
93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Agriculture><agricultural><Alfalfa><Lucerne><Medicago sativa><Biological Monitoring><Biologic Monitoring><biomonitoring><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><youngster><Diet><diets><Far East><East Asia><Eastern Asia><Food><Food or Food Product><Genetic Engineering><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Recombinant DNA Technology><genetically engineered><Grant><Herbicides><Idaho><Infant><Informed Consent><Maps><Oregon><First Pregnancy Trimester><1st trimester><Early Placental Phase><First Trimester><Pregnant Women><expectant mother><expecting mother><pregnant mothers><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Seasons><Snakes><Students><Urine><Urine Urinary System><Woman><glyphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><gliphosate><Measures><falls><Procedures><sample collection><specimen collection><Series><Ensure><Measurement><Crossover Design><Cross-Over Designs><Funding><Dietary Intervention><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Organic Food><Exposure to><Rivers><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Source><Location><interest><meetings><success><cohort><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Participant><Sampling><Data><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><K-Series Research Career Programs><Career Development Awards><Career Development Awards and Programs><Career Development Programs K-Series><K-Awards><Research Career Program><Enrollment><enroll><Modification><Instruction><design><designing><pesticide exposure><Resistance><resistant><exposed human population><human exposure><Institutional Review Boards><IRB><IRBs><agricultural community><recruit><COVID-19><COVID19><CV-19><CV19><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><dietary>
94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Agriculture><agricultural><Animals><Biological Monitoring><Biologic Monitoring><biomonitoring><Birth><Parturition><Carcinogens><Cancer Causing Agents><Oncogens><oncogenic agent><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><children><childrens'><youngster><Cohort Studies><Concurrent Studies><Diet><dietary><Faculty><Food><Food or Food Product><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Half-Life><Health><Herbicides><Human><Modern Man><Literature><Mentors><Mentorship><Pesticides><Plants><Second Pregnancy Trimester><2nd trimester><Midtrimester><Second Trimester><Third Pregnancy Trimester><3rd trimester><Last Trimester><Third Trimester><Pregnancy Trimesters><Pregnant Women><expectant mother><expecting mother><pregnant mothers><Publishing><Research><Research Design><Study Type><study design><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Science><Soil><Toxicology><Urine><Urine Urinary System><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Woman><glyphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><gliphosate><Measures><Agrochemicals><Agricultural Chemicals><Roundup><base><urban area><improved><specimen collection><sample collection><Area><Surface><Variation><Variant><Biological><Neurological><Neurologic><Training><excretion><Excretory function><Individual><Measurement><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Organic Food><Spottings><Genetic><Exposure to><Consensus><Frequencies><Source><Location><groundwater><ground water><cohort><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Participant><member><offspring><Sampling><exposed in utero><fetal exposure><in utero exposure><intra-uterine environmental exposure><intrauterine environmental exposure><prenatally exposed><prenatal exposure><depository><repository><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><vulnerable group><Vulnerable Populations><Data><IARC><International Agency for Research on Cancer><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Modification><urinary><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Population><resistant><Resistance><human exposure><exposed human population><training opportunity><Formulation><agricultural pesticide><recruit><individual heterogeneity><individual variability><individual variation>
95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Agriculture><agricultural><Animals><Biological Monitoring><biomonitoring><Biologic Monitoring><Birth><Parturition><Carcinogens><oncogenic agent><Oncogens><Cancer Causing Agents><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Child><Concurrent Studies><Cohort Studies><dietary><Diet><Faculty><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Half-Life><Health><Herbicides><Modern Man><Human><Literature><Mentors><Mentorship><Pesticides><Plants><Second Trimester><Midtrimester><2nd trimester><Second Pregnancy Trimester><Third Trimester><Last Trimester><3rd trimester><Third Pregnancy Trimester><Pregnancy Trimesters><pregnant mothers><expecting mother><expectant mother><Pregnant Women><Publishing><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><Soil><Toxicology><Urine Urinary System><Urine><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Woman><gliphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><glyphosate><Measures><Agricultural Chemicals><Agrochemicals><Roundup><base><urban area><improved><sample collection><specimen collection><Area><Surface><Variant><Variation><Biological><Neurologic><Neurological><Training><Excretory function><excretion><Individual><Measurement><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Dietary Intervention><diet intervention><Nutritional Interventions><Nutrition Interventions><Organic Food><Spottings><Genetic><Exposure to><Consensus><Frequencies><Source><Location><ground water><groundwater><cohort><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Participant><member><offspring><Sampling><prenatal exposure><prenatally exposed><intrauterine environmental exposure><intra-uterine environmental exposure><in utero exposure><fetal exposure><exposed in utero><repository><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><Data><International Agency for Research on Cancer><IARC><Randomized><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Modification><urinary><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><Outcome><Population><Resistance><resistant><exposed human population><human exposure><training opportunity><Formulation><agricultural pesticide><recruit><individual variation><individual variability><individual heterogeneity>
96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Agriculture><agricultural><Animals><Biological Monitoring><biomonitoring><Biologic Monitoring><Birth><Parturition><Carcinogens><oncogenic agent><Oncogens><Cancer Causing Agents><Child><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Cohort Studies><Concurrent Studies><Diet><dietary><Faculty><Food><Food or Food Product><Future><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Half-Life><Health><Herbicides><Human><Modern Man><Literature><Mentors><Mentorship><Pesticides><Plants><Second Pregnancy Trimester><Second Trimester><Midtrimester><2nd trimester><Third Pregnancy Trimester><Third Trimester><Last Trimester><3rd trimester><Pregnancy Trimesters><Pregnant Women><pregnant mothers><expecting mother><expectant mother><Publishing><Research><Research Design><study design><Study Type><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Science><Soil><Toxicology><Urine><Urine Urinary System><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Woman><glyphosate><gliphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><Measures><Agrochemicals><Agricultural Chemicals><Roundup><base><urban area><improved><specimen collection><sample collection><Area><Surface><Variation><Variant><Biological><Neurological><Neurologic><Training><excretion><Excretory function><Individual><Measurement><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><diet intervention><Nutritional Interventions><Nutrition Interventions><Dietary Intervention><Organic Food><Spottings><Genetic><Exposure to><Consensus><Frequencies><Source><Location><ground water><groundwater><cohort><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Participant><member><offspring><Sampling><prenatal exposure><prenatally exposed><intrauterine environmental exposure><intra-uterine environmental exposure><in utero exposure><fetal exposure><exposed in utero><repository><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><Data><International Agency for Research on Cancer><IARC><Randomized><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Modification><urinary><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Population><resistant><Resistance><human exposure><exposed human population><training opportunity><Formulation><agricultural pesticide><recruit><individual variability><individual heterogeneity><individual variation>
97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Cell physiology><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Embryo><Embryonic><gene therapy><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene Transfer Clinical><DNA Therapy><Genes><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Methods><Patients><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinitis Pigmentosa><Tapetoretinal Degeneration><Rod-Cone Dystrophy><Pigmentary Retinopathy><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Technology><Testing><Time><Transplantation><transplant><Treatment Protocols><Treatment Schedule><Treatment Regimen><Vertebrates><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Molecular Genetics><Mediating><promoter><promotor><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><in situ Hybridization Genetics><In Situ Hybridization><Injury><base><genetic manipulation><Label><Clinical><Series><rod cell><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><retinal rods><cone cell><Cone Photoreceptors><Retinal Cone><Lesion><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><Funding><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Genetic><Event><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><extracellular><receptor><Receptor Protein><retinal regeneration><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><Reporting><Regulation><Property><response><genetic resource><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><embryo stage 2><Blastomere><gene replacement therapy><small molecule><Retinoid Receptor><Molecular><developmental><Development><stem cell differentiation><Retinal><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><retinal progenitor cell><loss of function><photoreceptor progenitor><progenitor><iPSCs><iPSC><iPS><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><retinal neuron><regenerative><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome sequencing><Cone><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><differential expression><imaging approach><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation>
98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Congenital Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Cells><Cell Body><Child><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1><Chromosome 1><Cytomegalovirus><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><Human Herpesvirus 5><HHV5><HHV 5><HCMV><CMV><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Family><Goals><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Sensory Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Infant><Newborn Infant><newborn children><newborn child><Newborns><0-4 weeks old><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><Microcephaly><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Morphogenesis><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Organism><living system><Parents><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Research><Role><social role><Schwann Cells><Neurilemmal Cell><Neurilemma Cell><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Translating><Viral Proteins><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Myelin P0 Protein><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><promoter><promotor><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Chromosomal Breaks><Chromosome Break><Source><System><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Viral><extracellular><protein degradation><Regulatory Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Biological Neural Networks><neural network><early childhood><CCCTC-binding factor><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CTCF protein><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><nerve stem cell><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><prevent><preventing><Defect><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Phase><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><knockdown><knock-down><migration><combat><CRISPR/Cas system><CRISPR><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Congenital Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Defects><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Malformation><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><children><childrens'><youngster><Chromosome 1><Cytomegalovirus><CMV><HCMV><HHV 5><HHV5><Human Herpesvirus 5><Salivary Gland Viruses><cytomegalovirus group><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Family><Goals><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Sensory Hearing Loss><sensorineural hearing impairment><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><Microcephaly><micrencephaly><microencephaly><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Morphogenesis><morphogenetic process><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Parents><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Research><Role><social role><Schwann Cells><Neurilemma Cell><Neurilemmal Cell><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virus Diseases><Viral Diseases><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease><Virus><Myelin P0 Protein><Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Glycoprotein><P0 Protein><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><promotor><promoter><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Chromosome Break><Chromosomal Breaks><Source><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Viral><extracellular><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Regulatory Protein Degradation><protein degradation><Gene Inactivation><transcriptional silencing><Gene Silencing><early childhood><CTCF protein><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CCCTC-binding factor><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><Neural Stem Cell><neural precursor><neural precursor cell><neural progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neuron progenitors><neuronal progenitor><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal stem cells><neuroprogenitor><nerve stem cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><preventing><prevent><Defect><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Infection><Lytic Phase><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><knockdown><knock-down><migration><combat><CRISPR><CRISPR/Cas system><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><neural network>
100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Congenital Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Defects><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Malformation><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><youngster><Chromosome 1><Cytomegalovirus><CMV><HCMV><Salivary Gland Viruses><cytomegalovirus group><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Family><Goals><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Sensory Hearing Loss><sensorineural hearing impairment><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><Microcephaly><micrencephaly><microencephaly><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Morphogenesis><morphogenetic process><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Parents><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Research><Role><social role><Schwann Cells><Neurilemma Cell><Neurilemmal Cell><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virus Diseases><Viral Diseases><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease><Virus><Myelin P0 Protein><Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Glycoprotein><P0 Protein><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><promoter><promotor><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Chromosome Break><Chromosomal Breaks><Source><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Viral><extracellular><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Regulatory Protein Degradation><protein degradation><Gene Inactivation><transcriptional silencing><Gene Silencing><early childhood><CTCF protein><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CCCTC-binding factor><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><Neural Stem Cell><neural precursor><neural precursor cell><neural progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neuron progenitors><neuronal progenitor><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal stem cells><neuroprogenitor><nerve stem cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><preventing><prevent><Defect><Lytic Phase><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Infection><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><knock-down><knockdown><migration><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><CRISPR><CRISPR/Cas system><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><neural network>
101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Congenital Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Cell Body><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Child><Chromosome 1><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><Human Herpesvirus 5><HHV5><HHV 5><HCMV><CMV><Cytomegalovirus><Disorder><Disease><Downregulation><Down-Regulation><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Family><Goals><Sensory Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Infant><newborn children><newborn child><Newborns><0-4 weeks old><Newborn Infant><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Microcephaly><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Morphogenesis><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><living system><Organism><Parents><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Proteins><Research><social role><Role><Neurilemmal Cell><Neurilemma Cell><Schwann Cells><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Translating><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><Myelin P0 Protein><promotor><promoter><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Chromosomal Breaks><Chromosome Break><Source><System><3-Dimensional><3D><3-D><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Viral><extracellular><protein degradation><Regulatory Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Gene Silencing><transcriptional silencing><Gene Inactivation><early childhood><CCCTC-binding factor><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CTCF protein><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><nerve stem cell><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor cell><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><preventing><prevent><Defect><Lytic Phase><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><knock-down><knockdown><migration><combat><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><CRISPR/Cas system><CRISPR><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><neural network>
102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Differentiation Antigens><Marker Antigens><Differentiation Markers><Differentation Markers><Cell Hypoxia><Cellular Hypoxia><Cellular Anoxia><Cell Anoxia><Cells><Cell Body><Collagen><Engineering><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Space><Intercellular Space><Fibroblasts><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Motion><Osteoblasts><Periodicity><Rhythmicity><Cyclicity><Play><Porifera><Sponges><Production><Role><social role><Seeds><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Tendon Injuries><Tendon structure><Tendons><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Generations><Interstitial Collagenase><Matrix Metalloproteinase-1><MMP1><MMP-1Fibroblast Collagenase><MMP-1><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><Matrix Metalloproteinase-2><MMP-2><Gelatinase Neutrophil><72kD type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Gelatinase><Gelatinase A><base><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Dermal><Collagen Fiber><Chondrocytes><insight><Stimulus><Normal tissue morphology><Normal Tissue><Cleaved cell><cleaved><scaffold><scaffolding><Mechanics><mechanical><cell type><Musculoskeletal><bHLH-PAS factor HLF><hypoxia-inducible factor 2><HIF-2 alpha><EPAS1 protein><Tissue Engineering><engineered tissue><early embryonic stage><Matrix Metalloproteinases><MMPs><Structure><novel><Regulation><response><MMP-20><matrix metalloproteinase 20><70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases><p70s6k><p70 S6 Kinase><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal Differentiation><FRAP1 gene><mammalian target of rapamycin><mTOR><RAFT1><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><FRAP2><FRAP1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><Address><Defect><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases><Mesenchymal><in vivo><developmental><Development><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><pathway><Pathway interactions><stem cell differentiation><healing><injured><fibrillogenesis><innovative><innovate><innovation><Hypoxia Inducible Factor><regenerative therapeutics><regenerative therapy><osteogenic><tendon maturation><tendon growth><tendon development><mechanical load><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><Growth Factor><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical properties><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><clinical translation>
103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Differentiation Antigens><Marker Antigens><Differentiation Markers><Differentation Markers><Cellular Hypoxia><Cellular Anoxia><Cell Anoxia><Cell Hypoxia><Cell Body><Cells><Collagen><Engineering><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Intercellular Space><Extracellular Space><Fibroblasts><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Motion><Osteoblasts><Rhythmicity><Cyclicity><Periodicity><Play><Sponges><Porifera><Production><social role><Role><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Tendon Injuries><Tendons><Tendon structure><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Generations><Matrix Metalloproteinase-1><MMP1><MMP-1Fibroblast Collagenase><MMP-1><Interstitial Collagenase><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><Gelatinase A><Matrix Metalloproteinase-2><MMP-2><Gelatinase Neutrophil><72kD type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Gelatinase><base><Knockout Mice><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Dermal><Collagen Fiber><Chondrocytes><insight><Stimulus><Normal tissue morphology><Normal Tissue><Cleaved cell><cleaved><scaffold><scaffolding><Mechanics><mechanical><cell type><Musculoskeletal><bHLH-PAS factor HLF><hypoxia-inducible factor 2><HIF-2 alpha><EPAS1 protein><Tissue Engineering><engineered tissue><early embryonic stage><Matrix Metalloproteinases><MMPs><Structure><novel><Regulation><response><MMP-20><matrix metalloproteinase 20><70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases><p70s6k><p70 S6 Kinase><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Mesenchymal Differentiation><FRAP1 gene><mammalian target of rapamycin><mTOR><RAFT1><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><FRAP2><FRAP1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><Address><Defect><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases><Mesenchymal><in vivo><Development><developmental><tissue regeneration><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><Pathway interactions><pathway><stem cell differentiation><healing><injured><fibrillogenesis><innovation><innovative><innovate><Hypoxia Inducible Factor><regenerative therapy><regenerative therapeutics><osteogenic><tendon development><tendon maturation><tendon growth><mechanical load><Growth Factor><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><mechanical properties><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><clinical translation>
104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Adolescence><adolescence (12-20)><12-20 years old><Adolescent Behavior><Adoption><Age><ages><Alcohol consumption><ethanol use><ethanol product use><ethanol intake><ethanol ingestion><ethanol drinking><ethanol consumption><alcoholic drink intake><alcoholic beverage consumption><alcohol use><alcohol product use><alcohol intake><alcohol ingestion><EtOH use><EtOH drinking><Alcohol Drinking><Alcohols><Alcohol Chemical Class><Belief><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Computers><Decision Making><Emotions><Feedback><Goals><Persons><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Public Health><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><Schools><Self Regulation><Informal Social Control><social disturbance><Social Problems><Students><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Testing><Time><United States><Work><Mediating><Youth 10-21><Youth><base><improved><Adolescent><juvenile human><juvenile><Adolescent Youth><Training><young adult><young adulthood><adult youth><programs><Pattern><psychosocial><college><collegiate><age group><university student><college student><high school><skills><neuroimaging><neuro-imaging><peer><twelfth grade><high school senior><12th grade><drinking><underage drinking><youth alcohol use><youth alcohol consumption><youth alcohol co-use><underage alcohol use><underage alcohol consumption><under age alcohol use><under age alcohol consumption><teenager alcohol use><teenage drinking><teenage alcohol use><teen drinking><ethanol during adolescence><drinking in adolescent><drinking during adolescence><alcohol use in adolescents><alcohol use in adolescence><alcohol use during adolescence><alcohol use among adolescents><alcohol intake among adolescents><alcohol during adolescence><adolescent drinking><adolescent alcohol use><adolescent alcohol intake><adolescent alcohol drinking><adolescent alcohol consumption><adolescent alcohol co-use><Youth Drinking><Heavy Drinking><heavy alcohol use><extreme drinking><excessive ethanol ingestion><excessive drinking><excessive alcohol intake><excessive alcohol ingestion><excessive alcohol consumption><drink heavily><Academic achievement><Reporting><social><brief intervention><brief treatment><brief therapy><Emotional><junior high school><middle school><junior high><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Data><Effectiveness of Interventions><Subgroup><Teenagers><teenage><teen years><Teen><Process><sex><Development><developmental><alcohol intervention><Treatment Efficacy><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Outcome><cost effective><Population><aged><National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism><NIAAA><Evidence based program><underage drinking reduction><under age drinking reduction><reduce underage drinking><reduce under age drinking><alcohol use initiation><drinking initiation><alcohol initiation><emerging adulthood><normative feedback><alcohol related consequences><reduced alcohol use><longitudinal design><alcohol expectancy><High School Student><Secondary Student><Secondary School Student><intervention cost>
105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Adolescence><adolescence (12-20)><12-20 years old><Adolescent Behavior><Adoption><Age><ages><Alcohol consumption><ethanol use><ethanol product use><ethanol intake><ethanol ingestion><ethanol drinking><ethanol consumption><alcoholic drink intake><alcoholic beverage consumption><alcohol use><alcohol product use><alcohol intake><alcohol ingestion><alcohol consumed><EtOH use><EtOH drinking><Alcohol Drinking><Alcohols><Alcohol Chemical Class><Belief><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Computers><Decision Making><Emotions><Feedback><Goals><Persons><Online Systems><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Public Health><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Schools><Informal Social Control><Self Regulation><Social Problems><social disturbance><Students><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Testing><Time><United States><Work><Mediating><Youth><Youth 10-21><base><improved><juvenile human><juvenile><Adolescent Youth><Adolescent><Training><young adulthood><adult youth><young adult><programs><Pattern><psychosocial><college><collegiate><age group><university student><college student><high school><skills><neuroimaging><neuro-imaging><peer><twelfth grade><high school senior><12th grade><drinking><underage drinking><youth alcohol use><youth alcohol consumption><youth alcohol co-use><underage alcohol use><underage alcohol consumption><under age alcohol use><under age alcohol consumption><teenager alcohol use><teenage drinking><teenage alcohol use><teen drinking><ethanol during adolescence><drinking in adolescent><drinking during adolescence><alcohol use in adolescents><alcohol use in adolescence><alcohol use during adolescence><alcohol use among adolescents><alcohol intake among adolescents><alcohol during adolescence><adolescent drinking><adolescent alcohol use><adolescent alcohol intake><adolescent alcohol drinking><adolescent alcohol consumption><adolescent alcohol co-use><Youth Drinking><Heavy Drinking><heavy alcohol use><extreme drinking><excessive ethanol ingestion><excessive drinking><excessive alcohol intake><excessive alcohol ingestion><excessive alcohol consumption><excess ethanol ingestion><excess alcohol ingestion><excess alcohol consumption><drink heavily><Academic achievement><Reporting><social><brief intervention><brief treatment><brief therapy><Emotional><junior high school><middle school><junior high><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Data><Effectiveness of Interventions><Subgroup><teenage><teen years><Teen><Teenagers><Process><sex><developmental><Development><alcohol intervention><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><Outcome><cost-effective><cost effective><Population><aged><NIAAA><National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism><Evidence based program><under age drinking reduction><reduce underage drinking><reduce under age drinking><underage drinking reduction><drinking initiation><alcohol initiation><alcohol use initiation><emerging adulthood><normative feedback><alcohol related consequences><reduced alcohol use><longitudinal design><alcohol expectancy><Secondary Student><Secondary School Student><High School Student><intervention cost>
106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Africa South of the Sahara><Subsaharan Africa><Sub-Saharan Africa><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antimalarials><anti-malarial drugs><anti-malarial agents><Antimalarial Drugs><Antimalarial Agents><Anti-Malarials><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Blood Basophil><Basophilic Granulocyte><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cell Body><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Child><co-morbidity><Comorbidity><Endothelium><Enterobacteria><Enteric Bacteria><Coliform Bacilli><Enterobacteriaceae><Future><Histamine><Hospital Admission><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Human><Immunoglobulin E><IgE><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><Multipotential Colony-Stimulating Factor><Multilineage-Colony-Stimulating Factor><Mast-Cell Growth Factor><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><MULTI-CSF><MCGF><Interleukin 3 Precursor><IL3 Protein><IL-3(H)><IL-3><Hematopoietic Cytokine><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 Alpha><Interleukin-3><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><MCGF-2><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><Interleukin-4 Precursor><IL4 Protein><IL-4><Binetrakin><BSF1><BSF-1><BCSF 1><BCGF-1><BCGF><BCDF-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B cell growth factor><Interleukin-4><bowel><Intestinal><Intestines><Kenya><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Literature><malabsorption><intestinal malabsorption><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><Malabsorption Syndromes><Plasmodium Infections><Paludism><Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><Falciparum Malaria><mastocyte><Tissue Basophils><Marrow Mast Cell><mast cell><mast cell hyperplasia><Mast-Cell Disease><mastocytosis><mortality><Mucosal Tissue><Mucosa><Mucous Membrane><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Parasites><Proteolytic Enzymes><Proteinases><Proteases><Protease Gene><Peptidases><Esteroproteases><Peptide Hydrolases><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><skeletal muscle protease><mast cell proteinase-1><mast cell protease I><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease><chymotrypsin-like protease><chymase-1><MMCP-1><Chymase><cytokine><Interleukin 10 Precursor><IL10A><IL10><IL-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><CSIF-10><CSIF><Interleukin-10><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Isotype Switchings><Isotype Switching><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Class Switchings><Class Switching><Link><Interleukin-13><IL13><IL-13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><Parasitemia><parasaetemia><Interleukin-15><MGC9721><Interleukin-15 Precursor><IL15 Protein><IL15><IL-15><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Case Fatality Rates><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Interleukin-18><MGC12320><Interleukin-18 Precursor><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><IL1F4><IL18 Protein><IL-1g><IL-18><IL-1 Gamma><IGIF><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><Immune><Immunes><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><cell injury><cell damage><Cellular injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><TPT1 gene><translationally-controlled tumor protein><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><histamine releasing factor><fortilin><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><TPT1><TCTP><HRF protein><HRF gene><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><Address><Defect><Data><Immunologics><Immunologically><Immunological><Immunologic><Immunochemical Immunologic><transmission process><Transmission><Sepsis><bloodstream infection><blood infection><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria infection><malarial infection><malaria-infected><recruit><gut bacteria><bacteria in the gut><Intestinal permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Gut permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Leaky Gut><Intestinal Leakage>
107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Africa South of the Sahara><Sub-Saharan Africa><Subsaharan Africa><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antimalarials><Anti-Malarials><Antimalarial Agents><Antimalarial Drugs><anti-malarial agents><anti-malarial drugs><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Basophilic Granulocyte><Blood Basophil><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><children><childrens'><youngster><comorbidity><co-morbid><co-morbidity><Endothelium><Enterobacteriaceae><Coliform Bacilli><Enteric Bacteria><Enterobacteria><Epithelium><Epithelium Part><Future><Histamine><Hospitalization><Hospital Admission><Human><Modern Man><IgE><Immunoglobulin E><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><IL3 Gene><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Hematopoietic Cytokine><IL-3><IL-3 Gene><IL3><IL3 Protein><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><Interleukin-4><B cell growth factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><BCDF-1><BCGF><BCGF-1><BCSF 1><BSF-1><BSF1><Binetrakin><IL-4><IL4 Protein><Interleukin-4 Precursor><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><MCGF-2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Kenya><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Literature><Malabsorption Syndromes><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><intestinal malabsorption><malabsorption><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><mast cell><Marrow Mast Cell><Tissue Basophils><mastocyte><mastocytosis><Mast-Cell Disease><mast cell hyperplasia><mortality><Mucous Membrane><Mucosa><Mucosal Tissue><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Parasites><Peptide Hydrolases><Esteroproteases><Peptidases><Protease Gene><Proteases><Proteinases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><Chymase><MMCP-1><chymase-1><chymotrypsin-like protease><mast cell protease><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease I><mast cell proteinase-1><skeletal muscle protease><cytokine><Interleukin-10><CSIF><CSIF-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><IL-10><IL10><IL10A><Interleukin 10 Precursor><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Antibiotic Resistance><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Class Switching><Class Switchings><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Isotype Switching><Isotype Switchings><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Link><IL-13><IL13><Interleukin-13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><parasaetemia><Parasitemia><IL-15><IL15><IL15 Protein><Interleukin-15 Precursor><MGC9721><Interleukin-15><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Case Fatality Rates><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Inflammatory><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><IGIF><IL-1 Gamma><IL-18><IL-1g><IL18 Protein><IL1F4><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin-18 Precursor><MGC12320><Interleukin-18><Immunes><Immune><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><Cellular injury><cell damage><cellular damage><damage to cells><injury to cells><cell injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Modeling><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><HRF gene><HRF protein><TCTP><TPT1><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><fortilin><histamine releasing factor><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><translationally-controlled tumor protein><TPT1 gene><Address><Defect><Data><Immunochemical Immunologic><Immunologic><Immunological><Immunologically><Immunologics><Transmission><transmission process><blood infection><bloodstream infection><Sepsis><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria-infected><malarial infection><malaria infection><recruit><bacteria in the gut><gut bacteria><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut permeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal permeability><Intestinal Leakage><Leaky Gut><intestinal mucosal barrier><intestinal barrier>
108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Africa South of the Sahara><Sub-Saharan Africa><Subsaharan Africa><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antimalarials><Anti-Malarials><Antimalarial Agents><Antimalarial Drugs><anti-malarial agents><anti-malarial drugs><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Basophilic Granulocyte><Blood Basophil><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><youngster><comorbidity><co-morbid><co-morbidity><Endothelium><Enterobacteriaceae><Coliform Bacilli><Enteric Bacteria><Enterobacteria><Future><Histamine><Hospitalization><Hospital Admission><Human><Modern Man><IgE><Immunoglobulin E><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><IL3 Gene><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Hematopoietic Cytokine><IL-3><IL-3 Gene><IL3><IL3 Protein><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><Interleukin-4><B cell growth factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><BCDF-1><BCGF><BCGF-1><BCSF 1><BSF-1><BSF1><Binetrakin><IL-4><IL4 Protein><Interleukin-4 Precursor><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><MCGF-2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Kenya><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Literature><Malabsorption Syndromes><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><intestinal malabsorption><malabsorption><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><mast cell><Marrow Mast Cell><Tissue Basophils><mastocyte><mastocytosis><Mast-Cell Disease><mast cell hyperplasia><mortality><Mucous Membrane><Mucosa><Mucosal Tissue><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Parasites><Peptide Hydrolases><Esteroproteases><Peptidases><Protease Gene><Proteases><Proteinases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><Chymase><MMCP-1><chymase-1><chymotrypsin-like protease><mast cell protease><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease I><mast cell proteinase-1><skeletal muscle protease><cytokine><Interleukin-10><CSIF><CSIF-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><IL-10><IL10><IL10A><Interleukin 10 Precursor><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Class Switching><Class Switchings><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Isotype Switching><Isotype Switchings><Link><Interleukin-13><IL-13><IL13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><Parasitemia><parasaetemia><Interleukin-15><IL-15><IL15><IL15 Protein><Interleukin-15 Precursor><MGC9721><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Case Fatality Rates><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Inflammatory><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><IGIF><IL-1 Gamma><IL-18><IL-1g><IL18 Protein><IL1F4><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin-18 Precursor><MGC12320><Interleukin-18><Immunes><Immune><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><Cellular injury><cell damage><cellular damage><damage to cells><injury to cells><cell injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Modeling><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><HRF gene><HRF protein><TCTP><TPT1><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><fortilin><histamine releasing factor><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><translationally-controlled tumor protein><TPT1 gene><Address><Defect><Data><Immunologics><Immunochemical Immunologic><Immunologic><Immunological><Immunologically><transmission process><Transmission><Sepsis><blood infection><bloodstream infection><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria infection><malaria-infected><malarial infection><recruit><gut bacteria><bacteria in the gut><Intestinal permeability><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut permeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Leaky Gut><Intestinal Leakage><intestinal barrier><intestinal mucosal barrier>
109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Africa South of the Sahara><Subsaharan Africa><Sub-Saharan Africa><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antimalarials><anti-malarial drugs><anti-malarial agents><Antimalarial Drugs><Antimalarial Agents><Anti-Malarials><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Marrow Basophil><Blood Basophil><Basophilic Leukocyte><Basophilic Granulocyte><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cells><Cell Body><Child><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Comorbidity><co-morbidity><Enterobacteriaceae><Enterobacteria><Enteric Bacteria><Coliform Bacilli><Future><Histamine><Hospitals><Human><Modern Man><IgE><Immunoglobulin E><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><Interleukin-3><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><Multipotential Colony-Stimulating Factor><Multilineage-Colony-Stimulating Factor><Mast-Cell Growth Factor><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><MULTI-CSF><MCGF><Interleukin 3 Precursor><IL3 Protein><IL-3(H)><IL-3><Hematopoietic Cytokine><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 Alpha><Interleukin-4><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><MCGF-2><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><Interleukin-4 Precursor><IL4 Protein><IL-4><Binetrakin><BSF1><BSF-1><BCSF 1><BCGF-1><BCGF><BCDF-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B cell growth factor><Intestines><bowel><Intestinal><Kenya><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Literature><Malabsorption Syndromes><malabsorption><intestinal malabsorption><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><Malaria><Plasmodium Infections><Paludism><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><mast cell><mastocyte><Tissue Basophils><Marrow Mast Cell><Basophilic Histiocyte><mastocytosis><mast cell hyperplasia><Mast-Cell Disease><mortality><Mucous Membrane><Mucosal Tissue><Mucosa><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Parasites><Peptide Hydrolases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Proteinases><Proteases><Protease Gene><Peptidases><Esteroproteases><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><Chymase><skeletal muscle protease><mast cell proteinase-1><mast cell protease I><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease><chymotrypsin-like protease><chymase-1><MMCP-1><cytokine><Interleukin-10><Interleukin 10 Precursor><IL10A><IL10><IL-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><CSIF-10><CSIF><Antibiotic Resistance><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Isotype Switchings><Isotype Switching><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Class Switchings><Class Switching><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Link><IL13><IL-13><Interleukin-13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><parasaetemia><Parasitemia><MGC9721><Interleukin-15 Precursor><IL15 Protein><IL15><IL-15><Interleukin-15><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Case Fatality Rates><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Interleukin-18><MGC12320><Interleukin-18 Precursor><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><IL1F4><IL18 Protein><IL-1g><IL-18><IL-1 Gamma><IGIF><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><Immune><Immunes><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><cell injury><cell damage><Cellular injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Basophilic Cell><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Admission activity><Admission><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><TPT1 gene><translationally-controlled tumor protein><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><histamine releasing factor><fortilin><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><TPT1><TCTP><HRF protein><HRF gene><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><Address><Defect><Data><Immunologically><Immunological><Immunologic><Immunochemical Immunologic><Immunologics><Transmission><transmission process><bloodstream infection><blood infection><Sepsis><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria-infected><malaria infection><recruit><bacteria in the gut><gut bacteria><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Gut permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal permeability><Intestinal Leakage><Leaky Gut>
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                                                                                                                                                                                   <Affect><Lou Gehrig Disease><Gehrig's Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Motor Neuron Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis><Attention><autophagy><Autophagocytosis><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Cervix Cancer><Cervical Cancer><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Exhibits><Goals><HeLa><Hela Cells><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nerve Degeneration><neuronal degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Organelles><Parkinson Disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Patients><Proteins><Research><RNA><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><Signal Pathway><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Students><Substantia nigra structure><Substantia Nigra><Testing><Universities><Work><RNA-Binding Proteins><Mediating><base><macromolecule><improved><Clinical><Link><motor dysfunction><motor disease><motor disorder><insight><Parkinsonism><Parkinsonian Syndrome><Parkinsonian Diseases><Parkinsonian Condition><Parkinsonian><Parkinsonian Disorders><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><α-synuclein><α-syn><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><alphaSP22><a-synuclein><a-syn><SNCA protein><SNCA><PARK4 protein><PARK1 protein><NAC precursor><alpha synuclein><Genetic><Knowledge><programs><Investigation><Complex><Dementia><Amentia><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neuro-degenerative Disorders><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><experience><neuron loss><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><novel><graduate student><Pathogenesis><Reporting><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Positioning Attribute><Position><EWSR1 gene><Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1><EWSR1><dopaminergic neuron><Dopamine neuron><DA Neuron><Modeling><sarcoma><malignant soft tissue tumor><Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm><Pre-Clinical Model><Preclinical Models><Validation><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><disease-causing mutation><combat><public health relevance><inhibition of autophagy><undergraduate student><undergraduate><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome><motor symptom>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Ethics><ethical><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Professional Positions><Jobs><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposium><symposia><summit><convention><conference><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><interest><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><university student><college student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Positioning Attribute><Position><Data><enroll><Enrollment><designing><design><skill development><skill acquisition><undergraduate research><Evaluative Thinking><Complex thinking><Critical Thinking><under-represented student><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><student retention><retention strategy><retention rate><transfer student><course material development><class development><course development><faculty mentor><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><peer coaching><summer research><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><recruit>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><ethical><Ethics><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Professional Positions><Jobs><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><interest><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><university student><college student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Positioning Attribute><Position><Data><enroll><Enrollment><designing><design><skill acquisition><skill development><undergraduate research><Critical Thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Complex thinking><Underrepresented Students><under-represented student><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><student retention><retention strategy><transfer student><course development><course material development><class development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><summer research><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biomedical Research><Communities><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><programs><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><cohort><Data><designing><design><undergraduate research><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention strategy><student retention><retention rate><transfer student><class development><course material development><course development><faculty mentor><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><peer coaching><summer research><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><recruit>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Aging><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Anatomy><Axon><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Visual Contrast Sensitivity><Contrast Sensitivity><Dendrites><Veiled Cells><Dendritic Cells><Developmental Biology><Disorder><Disease><electrophysiological><Neurophysiology / Electrophysiology><Electrophysiology><Electrophysiology (science)><Environment><Future><Genes><Genetic Screening><glaucomatous><Glaucoma><glutamatergic><L-Glutamate><Glutamates><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><In Vitro><Light><Photoradiation><Longevity><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Maps><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nervous system structure><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><nervous system disorder><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Physiology><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research Proposals><Retina><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Ganglion Cells><retinal ganglion><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Synapses><synapse><Synaptic><Testing><Time><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><Glutamate Receptor><Measures><Cell Density><base><density><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Image Analysis><Peripheral><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><kainate><rod cell><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><retinal rods><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><receptive field><Individual><Confocal Microscopy><Replacement Therapy><Cell Therapy><cell-based therapy><Genetic><Morphology><BCL2 gene><ced9 homolog><bcl-2 Genes><Bcl-2><BCL2><B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2><B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 Gene><B cell lymphoma 2><Knowledge><postnatal><Pattern><System><Location><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><developmental genetics><mutant><synaptogenesis><synapse formation><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><novel><neural circuit><synaptic circuitry><synaptic circuit><neural circuitry><Regulation><Modeling><response><prevent><preventing><small molecule><Address><Age-Months><Data><Wild Type Mouse><Monitor><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Knockout><Knock-out><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><Output><axonal growth><axon growth><age dependent><age related><2-photon><two-photon><computational tools><computerized tools><Retinal><Population><fluorescence imaging><fluorescent imaging><visual information><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><DSCAM><retinal neuron><Cone><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Ethics><ethical><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Jobs><Professional Positions><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><cell biology><Cellular biology><interest><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Position><Positioning Attribute><Data><Enrollment><enroll><design><designing><skill acquisition><skill development><undergraduate research><Critical Thinking><Complex thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><retention strategy><student retention><transfer student><course development><class development><course material development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><laboratory experience><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><summer research><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><recruit><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Aging><Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Axon><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Cell physiology><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cells><Cell Body><Contrast Sensitivity><Visual Contrast Sensitivity><Dendrites><Dendritic Cells><Veiled Cells><Developmental Biology><Disease><Disorder><Electrophysiology (science)><electrophysiological><Neurophysiology / Electrophysiology><Electrophysiology><Environment><Future><Genes><Genetic Screening><Glaucoma><glaucomatous><Glutamates><glutamatergic><L-Glutamate><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><In Vitro><Light><Photoradiation><Longevity><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Maps><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nervous system structure><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><nervous system disorder><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Physiology><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research Proposals><Retina><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Ganglion Cells><retinal ganglion><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Synapses><synapse><Synaptic><Testing><Time><Universities><Vision><visual function><Sight><Glutamate Receptor><Measures><Cell Density><base><density><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Image Analysis><Peripheral><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><kainate><rod cell><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><retinal rods><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><receptive field><Confocal Microscopy><Replacement Therapy><Cell Therapy><cell-based therapy><cell mediated therapies><Genetic><Morphology><BCL2 gene><ced9 homolog><bcl-2 Genes><Bcl-2><BCL2><B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2><B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 Gene><B cell lymphoma 2><Knowledge><postnatal><Pattern><System><Location><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><developmental genetics><mutant><synaptogenesis><synapse formation><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><novel><neural circuit><synaptic circuitry><synaptic circuit><neural circuitry><Regulation><Modeling><response><prevent><preventing><small molecule><Address><Age-Months><Data><Wild Type Mouse><Monitor><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Knockout><Knock-out><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><Output><axonal growth><axon growth><age dependent><age related><2-photon><two-photon><computational tools><computerized tools><Retinal><Population><fluorescent imaging><fluorescence imaging><visual information><DSCAM><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><retinal neuron><Cone><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><targeted treatment><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><individualized response><individual response>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Ethics><ethical><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Jobs><Professional Positions><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><cell biology><Cellular biology><interest><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Position><Positioning Attribute><Data><enroll><Enrollment><designing><design><skill development><skill acquisition><undergraduate research><Complex thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Critical Thinking><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention strategy><student retention><retention rate><transfer student><class development><course material development><course development><faculty mentor><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><peer coaching><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><laboratory experience><summer research><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><recruit>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><ethical><Ethics><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Professional Positions><Jobs><Occupations><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Techniques><Research Technics><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><interest><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><university student><college student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Positioning Attribute><Position><Data><Enrollment><enroll><design><designing><skill acquisition><skill development><undergraduate research><Critical Thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Complex thinking><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><student retention><retention strategy><transfer student><course development><course material development><class development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><summer research><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><recruit>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><coenzyme R><Vitamin H><Biotin><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Circulation><Bloodstream><Blood Circulation><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Cell Body><Cells><Complement Proteins><Complement><Digestion><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Engineering><blood corpuscles><Red blood corpuscule><Red Cell><Red Blood Cells><Marrow erythrocyte><Erythrocytic><Erythrocytes Reticuloendothelial System><Blood normocyte><Blood erythrocyte><Erythrocytes><Genes><Goals><Immobilization><orthopedic freezing><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Ligands><Lipids><macrophage><Masks><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Nodule><Oncolytic viruses><Phagocytes><amebocyte><Phagocytic Cell><Phagocytosis><Polyethylene Glycols><Polyoxyethylenes><Polyethyleneoxide><Polyethylene Oxide><Macrogols><Proteins><Publishing><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vesicular Stomatitis Virus><VSV><Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus><Virus Particle><Virion><General Viruses><Virus><Serum Spreading Factor><Epibolin><Complement S-Protein><Vitronectin><Strepavidin><Streptavidin><Injectable><Fusion Protein><Chimera Protein><Chimeric Proteins><virus envelope><Label><improved><Site><Surface><Clinical><Medical><γ-retrovirus><Mammalian Type C Retroviruses><Gammaretrovirus><Link><Blood Serum><Serum><uptake><Therapeutic><Exposure to><oncolysis><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Cancer><Intravenous><Hematopoietic Neoplasms><blood cancer><Malignant Hematopoietic Neoplasm><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm><Hematopoietic Tumor><Hematopoietic Neoplasms including Lymphomas><Hematopoietic Malignancies><Hematopoietic Cell Tumor><Hour><System><neutralizing antibody><Viral><Membrane><membrane structure><neoplastic cell><Tumor Cell><success><SHPS-1 protein><signal-regulatory protein><SIRPalpha1><immunoregulation><immunoregulatory><immunomodulatory><immunologic reactivity control><immune regulation><immune modulation><Immunomodulation><Reporting><Modeling><Advanced Malignant Neoplasm><Advanced Cancer><cancer therapy><anticancer therapy><Malignant Neoplasm Treatment><Malignant Neoplasm Therapy><Cancer Treatment><Integrin alphaVbeta3><alpha-v beta-3 Integrin Receptors><aVBeta3><Integrin αVβ3><Integrin alpha-v beta-3><Integrin aVBeta3><Binding><Molecular Interaction><prevent><preventing><CD47 gene><Surface Antigen Identified by Monoclonal Antibody 1D8><MER6><Integrin-Associated Protein><CD47 Glycoprotein><CD47 Antigen><CD47><Affinity><Recombinants><Oncolytic><Molecular><nano particle><nanoparticle><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><site targeted delivery><targeted delivery><Resistance><resistant><tumor><Virotherapy><Virotherapeutics><protein biomarkers><protein markers><oncolytic virotherapy><Immune Evasion>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Binding Sites><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Biotin><coenzyme R><Vitamin H><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Circulation><Circulation><Bloodstream><Malignant Neoplasms><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Cell Death><necrocytosis><Cells><Cell Body><Complement><Complement Proteins><Digestion><Drug resistance><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Engineering><Erythrocytes><blood corpuscles><Red blood corpuscule><Red Cell><Red Blood Cells><Marrow erythrocyte><Erythrocytic><Erythrocytes Reticuloendothelial System><Blood normocyte><Blood erythrocyte><Genes><Goals><Immobilization><orthopedic freezing><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Ligands><Lipids><macrophage><Masks><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Nodule><Oncolytic viruses><Phagocytes><amebocyte><Phagocytic Cell><Phagocytosis><Polyethylene Glycols><Polyoxyethylenes><Polyethyleneoxide><Polyethylene Oxide><Macrogols><Proteins><Publishing><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus><Vesicular Stomatitis Virus><VSV><Virion><Virus Particle><Virus><General Viruses><Streptavidin><Strepavidin><Fusion Protein><Chimera Protein><Chimeric Proteins><virus envelope><Label><improved><Site><Surface><Clinical><Medical><γ-retrovirus><Mammalian Type C Retroviruses><Gammaretrovirus><Link><Blood Serum><Serum><uptake><Therapeutic><Exposure to><oncolysis><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Cancer><Intravenous><Hematopoietic Neoplasms><blood cancer><Malignant Hematopoietic Neoplasm><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm><Hematopoietic Tumor><Hematopoietic Neoplasms including Lymphomas><Hematopoietic Malignancies><Hematopoietic Cell Tumor><Hour><System><neutralizing antibody><Viral><Membrane><membrane structure><neoplastic cell><Tumor Cell><success><SHPS-1 protein><signal-regulatory protein><SIRPalpha1><immunoregulation><immunoregulatory><immunomodulatory><immunologic reactivity control><immune regulation><immune modulation><Immunomodulation><Reporting><Modeling><Advanced Malignant Neoplasm><Advanced Cancer><cancer therapy><anticancer therapy><anti-cancer therapy><Malignant Neoplasm Treatment><Malignant Neoplasm Therapy><Cancer Treatment><Integrin alphaVbeta3><alpha-v beta-3 Integrin Receptors><aVBeta3><Integrin αVβ3><Integrin alpha-v beta-3><Integrin aVBeta3><Binding><Molecular Interaction><prevent><preventing><CD47 gene><Surface Antigen Identified by Monoclonal Antibody 1D8><MER6><Integrin-Associated Protein><CD47 Glycoprotein><CD47 Antigen><CD47><Affinity><Recombinants><Oncolytic><Molecular><nano particle><nanoparticle><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><site targeted delivery><targeted delivery><resistant><Resistance><tumor><Virotherapeutics><Virotherapy><protein markers><protein biomarkers><oncolytic virus therapy><oncolytic viral therapy><cancer virotherapy><oncolytic virotherapy><Immune Evasion><anticancer><anti-cancer>
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                                                                                                                                                     <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotics><Parasiticides><Antiparasitics><Antiparasitic Drugs><Antiparasitic Agents><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><chemical synthesis><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Death><Cessation of life><Disorder><Disease><Drug Design><drug treatment><Drug Therapy><Pharmacotherapy><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Infectious Diarrheal Disease><Dysentery><Educational aspects><Education><Endamoeba histolytica><E. histolytica><E histolytica><Entamoeba histolytica><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Exhibits><Family><Future><gastrointestinal disorder><Gastrointestinal Diseases and Manifestations><Gastrointestinal Diseases><Lamblia><Giardia><Lamblia intestinalis><Giardia intestinalis><Giardia lamblia><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><In Vitro><Infection><Internships><intern><Intestines><bowel><Intestinal><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Libraries><Mentors><Methionine><Metronidazole><Satric><Flagyl><Microscopy><Mission><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Nucleoside Hydrolases><Nucleosidases><Nucleosides><Organism><living system><Parasites><Parasitic Diseases><Polyamines><Polyamine Compound><Poverty><Protozoa><Protozoal><Purines><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Role><social role><S-Adenosylmethionine><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><SAMe><AdoMet><Ademetionine><Specificity><Spectrum Analysis><Spectrum Analyses><Spectroscopy><Structure-Activity Relationship><structure function relationship><chemical structure function><Students><Sulfur><S element><Testing><Translations><T. vaginalis><T vaginalis><Trichomonas vaginalis><Universities><Ureaphil><Urea Carbamide><Elaqua XX><Carbamide><Urea><Work><Generations><Killings><therapy failure><Treatment Failure><base><improved><Acute><Chronic><Refractory><Biological><Training><Collaborations><Antibiotic Therapy><bacterial infectious disease treatment><bacterial disease treatment><Antibiotic Treatment><Nature><Reaction><microorganism><System><college><collegiate><experience><university student><college student><synergism><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Nutrient><novel><Basic Science><Basic Research><Catabolism><Reporting><Modeling><response><drug development><Proteomics><Emerging Communicable Diseases><Emerging Infectious Diseases><liquid chromatography mass spectrometry><LC/MS><Pyruvate Metabolism Pathway><Pyruvate Metabolism><metabolomics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><Address><Data><Global Change><Interruption><Mammalian Cell><National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease><NIAID><Preclinical Testing><Resolution><in vitro Model><in vivo><New Agents><Validation><Monitor><Enzymology><Enzymatic Biochemistry><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><neglect><innovation><innovative><innovate><antimicrobial><anti-microbial><Microbe><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><therapeutic target><combat><in vitro activity><drug candidate><undergraduate student><undergraduate><screening><Drug Targeting><student training><summer research><small molecule inhibitor><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Color><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><Elements><Engineering><Equipment><Fluorescence><Gene Activation><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Genes><Genome><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Kinetics><Lasers><Laser Electromagnetic><Laser Radiation><Learning><Mathematics><Math><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Splicing><Splicing><Science><Technology><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Work><Measures><Enhancers><Label><Microscope><Distal><Site><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><tool><Nature><Complex><Scanning><Techniques><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Speed><novel><member><single molecule><Length><Biochemical Reaction><Enzymatic Reaction><Monitor><molecular imaging><molecule imaging><fluorescent imaging><fluorescence imaging><spatiotemporal><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Broadening Participation><broadening participation research><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Visualization>
123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Alternative Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative RNA Splicing><beta Globin><B-globin><β-globin><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Corticosterone><Dexamethasone><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><Elements><Eukaryotic Cell><Fluorescence><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Genes><Genome><Goals><Health><Hormones><Endocrine Gland Secretion><Therapeutic Hormone><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Institutes><Introns><Intervening Sequences><Kinetics><Laboratories><Hairy Cell Leukemia><Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis><hairy T cell leukemia><Ligands><Light><Photoradiation><Methods><Methodology><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><Myopathy><Muscle Disease><Muscle Disorders><Muscular Diseases><Myopathic Conditions><Myopathic Diseases and Syndromes><Myopathic disease or syndrome><muscular disorder><Nervous System Diseases><Neurologic Disorders><Neurological Disorders><neurological disease><nervous system disorder><Netherlands><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinson Disease><Patients><Proteins><Estrogen Receptors><Glucocorticoid Receptor><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA><Splicing><RNA Splicing><Spectroscopy><Spectrum Analyses><Spectrum Analysis><Tamoxifen><Testing><Time><transcription factor><Basal Transcription Factor><Basal transcription factor genes><General Transcription Factor Gene><General Transcription Factors><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><Transcription factor genes><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Universities><Work><Measures><Transcriptional Activation><Transcription Activation><Spliceosomes><base><Label><Distal><Clinical><Reporter Genes><insight><Bayesian computation><Bayesian inference><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian Analysis><Measurement><Keoxifene><Raloxifene><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><tool><Complex><Event><Side><cell type><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Location><receptor bound><receptor binding><physical model><Response Elements><novel><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><single molecule><Myocardial Diseases><Myocardial Disorder><Myocardiopathies><myocardium disease><myocardium disorder><Cardiomyopathies><Nuclear Export><glucocorticoid-induced orphan receptor><GIR receptor><glucocorticoid-induced receptor><receptor GPR83><RNA Processing><Transcription Initiation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><SARS><SARS coronavirus disease><SARS-CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome><Pharmaceutical Agent><Pharmaceuticals><Pharmacological Substance><Pharmacologic Substance><Transcription Activator><Transcription Factor Coactivator><Transcriptional Activator><Transcriptional Activator/Coactivator><Transcriptional Coactivator><transcription co-activator><transcriptional co-activator><Transcription Coactivator><Address><Length><Autism><Autistic Disorder><Early Infantile Autism><Infantile Autism><Kanner's Syndrome><autistic spectrum disorder><autism spectrum disorder><Data><NCI Organization><National Cancer Institute><Regulatory Element><in vivo><Transcript><Monitor><Molecular><Process><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><time use><Outcome><Coupling><clinically relevant><clinical relevance><fluorescence imaging><fluorescent imaging><spatiotemporal><public health relevance><genetic information><temporal measurement><temporal resolution><time measurement><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><acute myeloid leukemia cell><acute granulocytic leukemia cell><acute myeloblastic leukemia cell><acute myelocytic leukemia cell><acute myelogenous leukemia cell><acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cell><COVID-19><COVID19><CV-19><CV19><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><coronavirus disease-19><coronavirus infectious disease-19><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><COVID-19 treatment><COVID-19 therapy><COVID19 therapy><COVID19 treatment><SARS-CoV-2 therapy><SARS-CoV-2 treatment><coronavirus disease 2019 therapy><coronavirus disease 2019 treatment><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 therapy><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment><treat COVID-19><treat COVID19><treat SARS-CoV-2><treat coronavirus disease 2019><treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2>
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia><Microscopy><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><mRNA Precursor><premRNA><RNA, Messenger, Precursors><Pre-mRNA><Myopathy><muscular disorder><Myopathic disease or syndrome><Myopathic Diseases and Syndromes><Myopathic Conditions><Muscular Diseases><Muscle Disorders><Muscle Disease><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><nervous system disorder><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><Optics><optical><Parkinson Disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Patients><Physics><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><RNA><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Splicing><Splicing><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Spectrum Analysis><Spectrum Analyses><Spectroscopy><Time><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Translations><Work><Measures><Zinc Finger Motifs><Zinc Finger Domain><Zinc Fingers><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><FISH assay><FISH analysis><FISH Technique><FISH Technic><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><Visualization><Imagery><base><Label><Microscope><Site><Reporter Genes><Individual><Measurement><Biological Function><Biological Process><tool><Cellular biology><cell biology><Complex><Dependence><Event><Techniques><novel><Eukaryota><Eukaryote><Regulation><Sampling><single molecule><Nuclear Export><Photobleaching><DNA Binding><DNA bound><DNA Binding Interaction><RNA Processing><Transcription Initiation><Binding><Molecular Interaction><RNA chemical synthesis><RNA synthesis><Hereditary Malignant Neoplasm><familial cancer><Hereditary Cancer><Familiar Malignant Neoplasm><FXR1 gene><Fragile X-Related Protein 1><Fragile X Mental Retardation, Autosomal Homolog 1><FXR1P><FXR1><Length><in vivo><Transcript><Monitor><Molecular><Process><2-photon><two-photon><human disease><fluorescence imaging><fluorescent imaging><spatiotemporal><public health relevance><genetic information><genome editing><genomic editing><epigenetic regulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><DNA sequencing><DNAseq><DNA seq>
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                                               <Affect><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Circulation><Bloodstream><Blood Circulation><vascular><Blood Vessels><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Diabetic Retinopathy><Diffusion><Disorder><Disease><Dissection><Embryonic><Embryo><Eyeball><Eye><Future><Genes><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hemoglobin><Intrinsic factor><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Morphogenesis><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Neuroglia><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Optics><optical><Oxygen><O2 element><O element><Pathology><Phenotype><Publishing><Retina><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinopathy of Prematurity><premature retinopathy><Retrolental Fibroplasia><Risk><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Stereotyping><Telangiectasis><Telangiectasia><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><United States><visual function><Sight><Vision><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings><Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting Fractionation><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting><Mediating><Visualization><Imagery><improved><Peripheral><Endothelial Cells><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><pseudoglioma congenita><congenital progressive oculo-acoustico-cerebral degeneration><atrophia bulborum hereditaria><Norrie-Warburg syndrome><Norrie syndrome><Norrie disease><Episkopi blindness><Norrie's disease><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Cell Therapy><cell-based therapy><Metabolic><Genetic><Nature><Knowledge><Cellular biology><cell biology><Complex><cell type><Pattern><System><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Cell Proliferation><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><retinal regeneration><neurodevelopment><Neural Development><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><Structure><Nutrient><novel><bevacizumab><rhuMabVEGF><RhuMAb VEGF><Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor><Recombinant Humanized Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody><Monoclonal Antibody Anti-VEGF><MoAb VEGF><Anti-VEGF RhuMAb><Anti-VEGF Humanized Monoclonal Antibody><Anti-VEGF><neurogenesis><Modeling><Vascular blood supply><vascular supply><blood supply><neuroepithelium><nerve stem cell><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><gliogenesis><Vascular Endothelial Cell><Candidate Disease Gene><Candidate Gene><Mediator of activation protein><Mediator of Activation><Mediator><Defect><Data><in vivo><Embryonic Eye><Retina Proper><Neural Retina><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><developmental><Development><macular><macula><Outcome><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><innovation><innovative><innovate><malformation><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><gain of function><effective therapy><effective treatment><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><vascular contributions><vascular abnormality><behavioral study><behavior study><differential expression><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><blood vessel development><blood vessel formation><imaging study>
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                                                                                                                   <abstracting><Affect><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Circulation><Bloodstream><Blood Circulation><vascular><Blood Vessels><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Diabetic Retinopathy><Diffusion><Disorder><Disease><Dissection><Embryonic><Embryo><Eyeball><Eye><Future><Genes><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hemoglobin><Intrinsic factor><Mammalia><Mammals><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Morphogenesis><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neuroglia><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><optical><Optics><O2 element><O element><Oxygen><Pathology><Phenotype><Publishing><Retina><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><premature retinopathy><Retrolental Fibroplasia><Retinopathy of Prematurity><Risk><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Stereotyping><Telangiectasia><Telangiectasis><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Vision><visual function><Sight><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings><Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting Fractionation><Mediating><Visualization><Imagery><improved><Peripheral><Endothelial Cells><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><pseudoglioma congenita><congenital progressive oculo-acoustico-cerebral degeneration><atrophia bulborum hereditaria><Norrie-Warburg syndrome><Norrie syndrome><Norrie disease><Episkopi blindness><Norrie's disease><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><cell-based therapy><Cell Therapy><Metabolic><Genetic><Staging><Nature><Knowledge><Life><Complex><cell type><Pattern><System><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><meetings><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><retinal regeneration><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Structure><Nutrient><novel><rhuMabVEGF><RhuMAb VEGF><Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor><Recombinant Humanized Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody><Monoclonal Antibody Anti-VEGF><MoAb VEGF><Anti-VEGF RhuMAb><Anti-VEGF Humanized Monoclonal Antibody><Anti-VEGF><bevacizumab><neurogenesis><Modeling><vascular supply><blood supply><Vascular blood supply><neuroepithelium><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><gliogenesis><Vascular Endothelial Cell><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Mediator of Activation><Mediator><Mediator of activation protein><Defect><Data><in vivo><Embryonic Eye><Retina Proper><Neural Retina><Characteristics><Molecular><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><stem cell niche><macular><macula><Outcome><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><innovation><innovative><innovate><malformation><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><gain of function><effective therapy><effective treatment><stem cell biology><vascular contributions><vascular abnormality><behavioral study><behavior study><differential expression><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><blood vessel development><blood vessel formation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <NA>
128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><Biology><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Cowpox><yaba><Cow Pox><Disease><Disorder><Ecology><Environmental Science><Engineering><Epidemiology><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><Genetic Engineering><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Health><HIV><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Laboratories><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Patients><Poliomyelitis><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><Smallpox><variola major><small pox><Variola><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><Virus><General Viruses><Work><World Health><base><Benign><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Human poliovirus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><theories><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><fictional works><fiction><Herd Immunity><vaccine evaluation><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine delivery><Mathematical Biology><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><developmental><Development><virtual><risk prediction model><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><Population><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><mathematical theory><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><laboratory experiment><Immunize>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><Biology><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><yaba><Cow Pox><Cowpox><Disorder><Disease><Environmental Science><Ecology><Engineering><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering><Health><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Immunity><Laboratories><Math><Mathematics><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><DNA Molecular Biology><Molecular Biology><Patients><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><variola major><small pox><Variola><Smallpox><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><live vaccine><Attenuated Vaccines><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><General Viruses><Virus><Work><World Health><base><Benign><Human poliovirus><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><theories><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><fictional works><fiction><Herd Immunity><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine evaluation><vaccine delivery><Mathematical Biology><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><Development><developmental><virtual><predictive modeling><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><Population><mathematical theory><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Immunize>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biology><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><yaba><Cow Pox><Cowpox><Disorder><Disease><Environmental Science><Ecology><Engineering><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering><Health><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Immunity><Laboratories><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Patients><Poliomyelitis><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><Smallpox><variola major><small pox><Variola><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><live vaccine><Attenuated Vaccines><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><General Viruses><Virus><Work><World Health><base><Benign><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Human poliovirus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><theories><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><fictional works><fiction><Herd Immunity><vaccine evaluation><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine delivery><Mathematical Biology><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><developmental><Development><virtual><risk prediction model><prognostic model><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><Population><mathematical theory><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Immunize>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <vaccine delivery><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><developmental><Development><Population><mathematical theory><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Accounting><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biology><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><yaba><Cow Pox><Cowpox><Disorder><Disease><Environmental Science><Ecology><Engineering><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering><Health><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Immunity><Laboratories><Math><Mathematics><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><DNA Molecular Biology><Molecular Biology><Patients><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><variola major><small pox><Variola><Smallpox><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><Virus><General Viruses><Work><World Health><base><Benign><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Human poliovirus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><infectious organism><Infectious Agent><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><Modeling><theories><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><fiction><fictional works><Herd Immunity><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine evaluation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Animals><domesticated animal><Domestic Animals><Wild Animals><Automobile Driving><driving><Brucella><Cytomegalovirus><CMV><HCMV><Salivary Gland Viruses><cytomegalovirus group><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Face><faces><facial><Foundations><Genetic Engineering><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Recombinant DNA Technology><genetically engineered><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><In Vitro><Infection><Influenza><Grippe><Lassa virus><Lassa fever virus><Methodology><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Persons><Play><pressure><Rabies><lyssa><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Role><social role><Vertebral column><Spinal Column><Spine><backbone><superinfection><Microbial Superinvasion><super infection><Technology><Vaccination><Vaccines><Virus><Work><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Procedures><Chronic><Penetration><Vaccination Programs><Immunization Programs><Combination Vaccines><Combined Vaccines><Individual><Collaborations><transgene><Transgenes><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><programs><Immune><Immunes><Source><Pattern><Viral><Performance><vaccine development><develop a vaccine><develop vaccines><development of a vaccine><trait><novel><Laboratory Study><new technology><novel technologies><Prevention><Modeling><Property><Habitats><immunogenic><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Murid herpesvirus 1><Herpesvirus 1 (beta), Murid><Mouse Cytomegalovirus><Murine Cytomegalovirus><evaluate vaccines><vaccine screening><vaccine testing><vaccine evaluation><SARS><SARS coronavirus disease><SARS-CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><in vivo><Vaccinated><Vaccine Design><Validation><validations><transmission process><Transmission><Process><Development><developmental><Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype><H1N1><H1N1 Virus><pandemic disease><pandemic><vector><cost><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><immunogenicity><designing><design><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><pathogen><Population><human disease><prototype><Mathematical Logic><Mathematical Reasoning><math theory><mathematic theory><mathematics logic><mathematics reasoning><mathematics theory><mathematical theory><vaccine candidate><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><Injections><human pathogen><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CO-V2><SARS-COVID-2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><coronavirus disease-19 virus><hCoV19><nCoV2><2019-nCoV><Ebola><deploy vaccines><distribute vaccines><vaccine deployment><vaccine roll-out><vaccine rollout><vaccine distribution><pathogen spillover>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Affect><Lou Gehrig Disease><Gehrig's Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Motor Neuron Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis><Attention><autophagy><Autophagocytosis><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Cervix Cancer><Cervical Cancer><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Exhibits><Goals><Health><HeLa><Hela Cells><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolism><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><neuronal degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Organelles><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson Disease><Patients><Proteins><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><Signal Pathway><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Substantia Nigra><Substantia nigra structure><Testing><Universities><Work><RNA-Binding Proteins><Mediating><base><macromolecule><improved><Clinical><Link><motor dysfunction><motor disease><motor disorder><insight><Parkinsonism><Parkinsonian Syndrome><Parkinsonian Diseases><Parkinsonian Condition><Parkinsonian><Parkinsonian Disorders><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><α-synuclein><α-syn><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><alphaSP22><a-synuclein><a-syn><SNCA protein><SNCA><PARK4 protein><PARK1 protein><NAC precursor><alpha synuclein><Genetic><Knowledge><programs><Investigation><Complex><Amentia><Dementia><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neuro-degenerative Disorders><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><neuron loss><novel><graduate student><Pathogenesis><Reporting><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1><EWSR1><EWSR1 gene><Dopamine neuron><DA Neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><malignant soft tissue tumor><Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm><sarcoma><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><Validation><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><disease-causing mutation><combat><inhibition of autophagy><undergraduate student><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome><motor symptom>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><relating to nervous system><neural><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><Modeling><Sampling><Property><teleost fish><teleostfish><teleostean fish><smoothened signaling pathway><hh signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling><Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway><SHH gene><Sonic Hedgehog><SHH><Data><Molecular><Process><computational tools><computerized tools><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><Trauma><innovation><innovative><innovate><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><progenitor><retinal neuron><public health relevance><neuronal replacement><neuronal cell replacement><regenerative><BRAIN initiative><connectome><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Behavior><Cell Body><Cells><Death><Cessation of life><Dendrites><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Laboratories><Mammals><Mammalia><Electron Microscopy><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Neuroglia><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Publishing><Reflex action><Reflex><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Role><social role><Synapses><synapse><Synaptic><Testing><Time><Translating><transplant><Transplantation><visual function><Sight><Vision><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Generations><Neurites><Visualization><Imagery><perivascular glial cell><microgliocyte><microglial cell><mesoglia><gitter cell><Hortega cell><Microglia><Lesion><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><Failure><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Transgenes><Genetic><Morphology><Reporter><tool><Knowledge><Source><cell type><Pattern><restoration><Outcome Study><preference><Visual system structure><Visual System><retinal regeneration><neuron loss><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Behavior><Cell Body><Cells><Death><Cessation of life><Dendrites><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Laboratories><Mammalia><Mammals><Electron Microscopy><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neuroglia><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Publishing><Reflex><Reflex action><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Retina><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Degeneration><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><social role><Role><synapse><Synaptic><Synapses><Testing><Time><Translating><transplant><Transplantation><Vision><visual function><Sight><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Generations><Neurites><Molecular Genetics><Visualization><Imagery><perivascular glial cell><microgliocyte><microglial cell><mesoglia><gitter cell><Hortega cell><Microglia><Lesion><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><Failure><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Transgenes><Morphology><Reporter><tool><Knowledge><Source><cell type><Pattern><restoration><preference><Visual System><Visual system structure><retinal regeneration><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><neuron loss><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><neural><relating to nervous system><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Modeling><Sampling><Property><teleostfish><teleostean fish><teleost fish><hh signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling><Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway><smoothened signaling pathway><Sonic Hedgehog><SHH><SHH gene><Data><Molecular><Process><computational tools><computerized tools><Outcome><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><Trauma><innovation><innovative><innovate><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><progenitor><retinal neuron><public health relevance><neuronal replacement><neuronal cell replacement><regenerative><BRAIN initiative><connectome>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <microbial><novel><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Product R><small molecule><Address><R15 Program><R15 Mechanism><Academic Research Enhancement Awards><Data><Molecular><Process><designing><design><Outcome><antimicrobial><anti-microbial><combat><public health relevance><multi-drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multidrug resistant organism><multi-drug resistant organism><MDR pathogen><MDR organism><small molecule inhibitor><non-Native><Acyl Carrier Protein><Long-Chain Acyl CoA><Fatty Acyl CoA><Acyl CoA><Acyl Coenzyme A><Acylation><Affect><inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><Bacteria><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biomedical Research><Chemistry><Communication><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Goals><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Infection><Kinetics><Lactone Compound><Lactones><Methionine><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Physicians><Play><Population Density><Production><Pseudomonas mallei><P.mallei><P. mallei><B. mallei><Burkholderia mallei><Research><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><sociobehavioral><sociobehavior><Social Behavior><Students><Testing><Toxin><Virulence><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><Mediating><base><career><Physiologic><Physiological><Ensure><Chemicals><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><analog><homoserine lactone><antibacterial><anti-bacterial><Antibacterial Agents><Anti-Bacterial Agents><Therapeutic><tool><Complex><enzyme substrate complex>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Algorithms><Award><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Chromatin><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Gene Expression><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Genes><Regulator Genes><trans acting element><regulatory gene><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><Genome><Genotype><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Mentors><Methods><Method LOINC Axis 6><Methodology><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Phenotype><Protein Binding><gene product><Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><statistics><Testing><transcription factor><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Variation (Genetics)><Work><Measures><base><Solid><Phase><Biological><Nuclear Receptors><Training><insight><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian Analysis><Gene Targeting><neu Genes><erbb2 [{C0242957}]><erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2><TKR1><Human EGF Receptor 2 Gene><HER2/neu><HER2 Genes><HER2><HER/2><HER-2 Genes><HER-2><HER -2><ERBB2><ERBB2 gene><Collaborations><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><interest><experience><QTL><Quantitative Trait Loci><Stretching><skills><novel><Graph><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><disorder model><Disease model><Network Analysis><Pathway Analysis><Modeling><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Genomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Address><Systems Biology><copy number variation><Copy Number Polymorphism><Data><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Randomized><Resolution><whole-genome scan><whole genome association study><whole genome association studies><whole genome association analysis><genomewide scan><genomewide association study><genomewide association studies><genomewide association scan><genome-wide scan><genome-wide identification><genome wide studies><genome wide screen><genome wide association studies><genome wide association scan><genome wide association><genome wide analysis><GWAS><genome wide association study><insertion/deletion><insertion-deletion mutation><insertion-deletion><insertion/deletion mutation><Population><innovative><innovate><innovation><open source><ChIP Sequencing><ChIP-seq>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Algorithms><Award><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Chromatin><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><trans acting element><regulatory gene><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><Regulator Genes><Genome><Genotype><Modern Man><Human><Mentors><Methods><Methodology><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Phenotype><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Running><Computer software><Software><statistics><Testing><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><Measures><base><Solid><Phase><Biological><Nuclear Receptors><Training><insight><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian Analysis><bound protein><Protein Binding><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Gene Targeting><neu Genes><herstatin><erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2><TKR1><Oncogene ErbB2><NEU protein><NEU Oncogene><HER2/neu><HER2 Genes><HER2><HER-2><HER -2><ERBB2><ERBB2 gene><Collaborations><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><interest><experience><Quantitative Trait Loci><QTL><Stretching><skills><novel><Graph><Disease model><disorder model><Pathway Analysis><Network Analysis><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Genomics><Binding><Molecular Interaction><Etiology><disease causation><causation><Causality><Address><Systems Biology><Copy Number Polymorphism><copy number variation><copy number variant><Data><Randomized><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Resolution><Tissue-Specific Differential Gene Expression><Differential Gene Expression><Tissue-Specific Gene Expression><whole genome association study><whole genome association studies><whole genome association analysis><genomewide association study><genomewide association studies><genomewide association scan><genome wide association studies><genome wide association scan><genome wide association><GWAS><GWA study><genome wide association study><insertion/deletion><insertion-deletion mutation><insertion-deletion><indel><insertion/deletion mutation><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><open source><public health relevance><ChIP-seq><chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing><ChIP Sequencing><DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing><DNaseI-seq><DNase-seq><genetic makeup><genetic make-up><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Algorithms><Award><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Chromatin><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><trans acting element><regulatory gene><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><Regulator Genes><Genome><Genotype><Health><Modern Man><Human><Mentors><Methods><Methodology><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Phenotype><Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Software><Computer software><statistics><Testing><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Variation (Genetics)><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Work><Measures><base><Solid><Phase><Biological><Nuclear Receptors><Training><insight><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian Analysis><Protein Binding><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Gene Targeting><neu Genes><herstatin><erbb2 [{C0242957}]><erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2><TKR1><Oncogene ErbB2><NEU Oncogene><HER2/neu><HER2 Genes><HER2><HER-2><HER -2><ERBB2><ERBB2 gene><Collaborations><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><interest><experience><QTL><Quantitative Trait Loci><Stretching><skills><novel><Graph><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><disorder model><Disease model><Network Analysis><Pathway Analysis><Modeling><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Genomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Address><Systems Biology><copy number variation><copy number variant><Copy Number Polymorphism><Data><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Randomized><Resolution><whole genome association study><whole genome association studies><whole genome association analysis><genomewide association study><genomewide association studies><genomewide association scan><genome wide association studies><genome wide association scan><genome wide association><GWAS><GWA study><genome wide association study><insertion/deletion><insertion-deletion mutation><insertion-deletion><indel><insertion/deletion mutation><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><open source><ChIP-seq><chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing><ChIP Sequencing><DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing><DNaseI-seq><DNase-seq><genetic makeup><genetic make-up><causal model><causal diagram><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <NA>
141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <NA>
142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <NA>
143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <bear><Ursidae><Bears><Ursidae Family><Biomedical Research><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><Language><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Learning><Study models><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Science><Social Interaction><Solutions><Students><Testing><thoughts><Thinking><Thinking, function><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Specialist><doubt><Uncertainty><base><career><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><infectious organism><Infectious Agent><Staging><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><Formulation><Drug Formulations><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Address><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovative><innovate><innovation><multidisciplinary><mouse model><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><recruit><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Stress><Universities><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Interdisciplinary Communication><Measures><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Electronic Database><Electronic Databank><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <adulthood><adult human (21+)><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Population Studies / Demography><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Insecta><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><clearance rate><Metabolic Clearance Rate><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Mortality><Mortality Vital Statistics><living system><Organism><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Research><Associated Viruses><Satellite Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Relative><Relative (related person)><Dataset><Data Set><Immunology><base><Individual><Collaborations><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><tool><Complex><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><interest><oral infectious><infection mouth><oral infection><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Anti-Viral Response><Antiviral Response><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Acceleration><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Language><Persons><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><doubt><Uncertainty><improved><Area><Phase><Variation><Variant><biologic><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Scientist><Complex><System><body system><Organ System><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Agency><Funding Source><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Property><Institution><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><preparations><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><3-D modeling><3D modeling><three-dimensional modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><next generation><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><mathematical methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><homes><Home>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Ursidae Family><bear><Ursidae><Bears><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Communities><Data Analyses><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Income><Economical Income><Economic Income><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Language><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Learning><Study models><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><Thinking><thoughts><Universities><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Specialist><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Address><Data><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><risk prediction model><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovative><innovate><innovation><multidisciplinary><murine model><mouse model><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><coinfection><co-infection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Algorithms><Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Attention><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cause of Death><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Diagnosis><Computer-Assisted Diagnosis><Computer aided diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Fatty acid glycerol esters><Fats><Feedback><Female><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Judgment><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Medical Imaging><Methods><Methodology><Noise><Research><medical college><school of medicine><medical schools><Survival Rate><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><United States><Universities><Utah><Woman><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Mammary Ultrasonography><Breast Ultrasonography><Ultrasonic Mammography><Ultrasound Mammography><breast ultrasound><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Data Set><Dataset><base><image processing><improved><Image Analysis><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Variant><Variation><Medical><Evaluation><Training><non-painful><nonpainful><not painful><Painless><Visual><radiologist><Breast Cancer Early Screening><Breast Cancer Early Detection><Shapes><tool><Nature><Knowledge><Complex><Texture><Location><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Performance><success><Devices><Modeling><Connectionist Models><Neural Network Models><Perceptrons><Neural Network Simulation><Property><model development><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Data><Detection><Imaging Instrument><Imaging Tool><Imaging Device><Reproducibility><Tumor-Associated Process><Tumor Process><Update><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Tissue><Characteristics><Process><Image><imaging><Output><computerized tools><computational tools><cost effective><prospective><innovation><innovate><innovative><imaging Segmentation><spatial relationship><tumor><computer aided detection><computer assisted detection><breast imaging><mammary imaging><learning strategy><learning activity><learning method><Tissue imaging><imaging properties><human model><model of human><advanced breast cancer><advanced stage breast cancer><deep learning><convolutional neural network><ConvNet><convolutional network><convolutional neural nets><clinical examination><clinical exam><mammary><ultrasound>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Play><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><tool><machine learned><Machine Learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><experience><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><molecular modeling><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Process><Development><developmental><working group><work group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Attention><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Environment><Foundations><Population Genetics><Goals><Health><Health Promotion><Salutogenesis><promoting health><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Irritable Bowel Syndrome><Irritable Colon><Mucous Colitis><spastic colon><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Methodology><Modernization><Population Dynamics><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Time><Toxin><Translating><Work><Clostridium difficile><C diff><C difficile><C. diff><C. difficile><Clostridioides difficile><Measures><Mediating><base><repaired><repair><Phase><Biological><Series><Individual><alpha Toxin><α-Toxin><tool><Complex><interest><microbial interaction><microorganism interaction><microbial><trait><novel><member><Statistical Methods><Modeling><Property><theories><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Data><Development><developmental><microbiome><Human Microbiome><human-associated microbiome><design><designing><resilience><Outcome><pathogen><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><Resistance><resistant><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><clinically relevant><clinical relevance><high risk><vaginal microbiome><vaginal biome><microbiome research><Microbiomics><microbiome science><microbiome studies><data analysis pipeline><data processing pipeline><opportunistic pathogen>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Institutes><Language><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Persons><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><biologic><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><machine learned><Machine Learning><Scientist><Complex><System><Organ System><body system><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Source><Funding Agency><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Property><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><three-dimensional modeling><3-D modeling><3D modeling><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><next generation><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovation><innovate><innovative><spatial temporal variation><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><mathematical methods><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Home>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><computing hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Persons><Play><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Software><Computer software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><biologic><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><machine learned><Machine Learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><experience><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><molecular modeling><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Process><Development><developmental><working group><work group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><Algorithms><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Automobile Driving><driving><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)><Confounding Variables><Epidemiologic Confounding Factor><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Gene Expression><Genes><Genotype><Goals><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Methylation><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Patients><Phenotype><Research><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><DNA Sequence><base><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biological><biologic><Link><Individual><root><Plant Roots><DNA Methylation><Complex><interest><simulation><novel><disorder model><Disease model><Modeling><disease subgroups><disease subtype><disorder subtype><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Regulatory Pathway><Clinical Data><Epigenetic Process><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic Mechanism><Gene Combinations><Transcription Process><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><clinical phenotype><genetic variant><Gene variant><allele variant><allelic variant><genomic variant><Population><network models><tumor><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><molecular phenotype><effective therapy><effective treatment><Breast Cancer Patient><Breast Tumor Patient><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data><genomic data-set><genomic dataset><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><complex data><Mendelian randomization><gene regulatory network>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Institutes><Language><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Progress Reports><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><machine learned><Machine Learning><Scientist><Complex><System><Organ System><body system><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Source><Funding Agency><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Property><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><three-dimensional modeling><3-D modeling><3D modeling><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><next generation><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovation><innovate><innovative><spatial temporal variation><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><mathematical methods><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Home>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Algorithms><Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Attention><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cause of Death><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Diagnosis><Computer-Assisted Diagnosis><Computer aided diagnosis><computer-assisted diagnostics><Disease><Disorder><Fatty acid glycerol esters><Fats><Feedback><Female><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Judgment><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Medical Imaging><Methods><Methodology><Noise><Research><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Survival Rate><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><United States><Universities><Utah><Woman><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Mammary Ultrasonography><Breast Ultrasonography><Ultrasonic Mammography><Ultrasound Mammography><breast ultrasound><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Data Set><Dataset><base><image processing><improved><Image Analysis><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Variant><Variation><Medical><Evaluation><Training><Painless><non-painful><nonpainful><not painful><Visual><radiologist><Breast Cancer Early Detection><Breast Cancer Early Screening><Shapes><tool><Nature><Knowledge><Complex><Texture><Location><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Performance><success><Devices><Modeling><Connectionist Models><Neural Network Models><Perceptrons><Neural Network Simulation><Property><model development><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Data><Detection><Imaging Instrument><Imaging Tool><Imaging Device><Reproducibility><Tumor-Associated Process><Tumor Process><Update><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Tissue><Characteristics><Process><Image><imaging><Output><computerized tools><computational tools><cost effective><prospective><innovation><innovate><innovative><imaging Segmentation><spatial relationship><tumor><computer aided detection><computer assisted detection><breast imaging><mammary imaging><learning strategy><learning activity><learning method><Tissue imaging><imaging properties><human model><model of human><advanced breast cancer><advanced stage breast cancer><deep learning><convolutional neural network><ConvNet><convolutional network><convolutional neural nets><clinical examination><clinical exam><mammary>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Affect><Algorithms><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Automobile Driving><driving><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)><Confounding Variables><Epidemiologic Confounding Factor><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Gene Expression><Genes><Regulator Genes><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><regulatory gene><trans acting element><Genotype><Goals><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Methylation><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Patients><Phenotype><Research><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><DNA Sequence><base><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biological><Link><Individual><Plant Roots><root><DNA Methylation><Complex><interest><simulation><novel><disorder model><Disease model><Modeling><disease subgroups><disease subtype><disorder subtype><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Regulatory Pathway><Clinical Data><Epigenetic Process><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic Mechanism><Gene Combinations><Transcription Process><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><clinical phenotype><genetic variant><Gene variant><allele variant><allelic variant><genomic variant><Population><network models><tumor><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><molecular phenotype><effective therapy><effective treatment><Breast Cancer Patient><Breast Tumor Patient><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data><genomic data-set><genomic dataset><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><complex data><Mendelian randomization>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <bear><Ursidae><Bears><Ursidae Family><Biomedical Research><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Biophysics><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Income><Economical Income><Economic Income><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Language><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Learning><Study models><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><Thinking><thoughts><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Specialist><doubt><Uncertainty><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Address><Data><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><mouse model><murine model><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><co-infection><coinfection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation>
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disease rate><Mortality><Mortality Vital Statistics><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><living system><Organism><Pathology><Patients><Research><respiratory tract><Respiratory system (all sites)><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Respiratory System><Testing><Time><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Variation (Genetics)><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Respiratory Tracts><Respiratory tract structure><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Viral Load result><Immune><Complex><Event><lower respiratory tract><Lower respiratory tract structure><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Molecular><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><Outcome><pathogen><Population>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <bear><Ursidae><Bears><Ursidae Family><Biomedical Research><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><Language><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Learning><Study models><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><thoughts><Thinking><Universities><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Specialist><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><infectious organism><Infectious Agent><Staging><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><Property><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Address><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><mouse model><murine model><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><co-infection><coinfection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Ursidae Family><bear><Ursidae><Bears><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><Language><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Learning><Study models><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><thoughts><Thinking><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Specialist><doubt><Uncertainty><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Address><Data><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Process><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><transmission process><Transmission><Process><predictive modeling><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><mouse model><murine model><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><co-infection><coinfection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Running><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Universities><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><improved><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Complex><System><meetings><meeting><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><college><collegiate><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><working group><work group><web site><website><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy><searchable database><searchable data base>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Adoption><Affect><Age><ages><Air><Attention><Award><Biomedical Research><Cities><Commerce><Communication><Communities><Decision Making><Disease><Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Economics><Education><Educational aspects><Epidemic><Epidemiology><epidemiologic><epidemiological><Faculty><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Health Personnel><Health Care Providers><Healthcare Providers><Healthcare worker><health care personnel><health care worker><health provider><health workforce><healthcare personnel><medical personnel><treatment provider><Hospitals><Hybrids><Idaho><Infection><Motivation><Natural Resources><Play><Public Health><Recurrence><Recurrent><Research><Risk><Risk Factors><Role><social role><Rural Population><Social Distance><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Time><Travel><Universities><virology><Virus><Work><Measures><health care><Healthcare><Rural Community><doubt><Uncertainty><shelter><shelter-housing><Shelter facility><Social Network><Immunology><base><density><food resource><urban area><Area><Phase><Variation><Variant><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Rural><Policy Maker><tool><Scientist><Complex><Source><Pattern><Country><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Food Chain><professor><Structure><empowerment><disorder model><Disease model><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><Emotional><Modeling><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><model design><Consequentialism><Address><Data><Effectiveness of Interventions><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Transmission><transmission process><pandemic><pandemic disease><Health Care Professional><Healthcare professional><Health Professional><Output><care burden><cost><epidemiological model><designing><design><next generation><willingness><intervention efficacy><therapeutic efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapy efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><Outcome><Graphical interface><graphic user interface><software user interface><graphical user interface><Differential Algebraic Equation><Differential Equation><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><health care availability><dashboard><recruit><Food production><Infrastructure><COVID19><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><COVID-19><burden of infection><infection burden>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Running><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Universities><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><programs><Complex><System><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><working group><work group><web site><website><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy><searchable database><searchable data base>
164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><computing hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Persons><Play><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><improved><Area><Phase><biologic><Biological><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Shapes><tool><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><college><collegiate><experience><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><molecular modeling><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Process><Development><developmental><working group><work group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure><Disparate>
165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Affect><Behavior><Natural Products><Biologic Factor><Biological Factors><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food><Future><Goals><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Infection><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Influenza><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probability><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Public Policy><isolation/quarantine><Quarantine><Recommendation><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Respiratory Infections><Respiratory Tract Infections><Schools><Sleep><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Vaccination><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequency><Frequencies (time pattern)><Complex><Home><Home environment><Source><Pattern><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><sorting><Sorting - Cell Movement><social><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><behavioral influence><behavior influence><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Institution><Data><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexible><flexibility>
166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Institutes><Language><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><doubt><Uncertainty><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><machine learned><Machine Learning><Scientist><Complex><Home><Home environment><System><Organ System><body system><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Source><Funding Agency><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Property><Address><Data><Reproducibility><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Preparation><developmental><Development><Holly><work group><working group><3-D modeling><3D modeling><three-dimensional modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><prognostic model><predictive modeling><next generation><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><spatial temporal variation><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergraduate><undergraduate student><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><mathematical methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models>
167                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotechnology><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Housing><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Language><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Solutions><Time><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Left><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Staging><Nature><Complex><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><Formulation><Drug Formulations><interest><Visit><meetings><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Services><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovative><innovate><innovation><biological research>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Mentors><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Running><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Universities><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Complex><System><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><working group><work group><web site><website><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy><searchable database><searchable data base>
169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Acceleration><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Language><Persons><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><doubt><Uncertainty><improved><Area><Phase><Variation><Variant><biologic><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Scientist><Complex><System><body system><Organ System><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Agency><Funding Source><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Property><Institution><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><preparations><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><3-D modeling><3D modeling><three-dimensional modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><next generation><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><mathematical methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><homes><Home>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Amino Acid Sequence><aminoacid><Amino Acids><Disease><Disorder><Electronics><electronic><electronic device><Engineering><Foundations><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational><conformational state><conformationally><conformations><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Pigments><pigment><Proteins><Research><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Running><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Vision><Sight><visual function><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Data Set><improved><Series><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Retinal Cone><Chemicals><Visual><Therapeutic><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Vertebrate Photoreceptors><Rods and Cones><Phototransduction><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Complex><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><chromophore><molecular dynamics><Molecular Dynamics Simulation><molecular modeling><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><Structure><simulation><novel><Modeling><Property><molecular mechanics><Data><Homology Modeling><Quantum Mechanics><Pathologic><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Population><Impairment><disease-causing mutation><phenome><optogenetics><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><computational pipelines><machine learning pipeline><machine learning based pipeline>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Animals><Bacteria><Bacteriophages><Phages><bacterial virus><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Ecology><Bionomics><Environment><Evolution><Genome><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Immune system><Infection><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Predatory Behavior><predation><Research><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Virulence><Virus><Work><Measures><Bacteria resistance><Bacteria resistant><Bacterial resistant><resistance to Bacteria><resistance to Bacterial><resistant to Bacteria><resistant to Bacterial><bacterial resistance><animal experiment><experimental animal><experimental animals><Animal Experiments><Co-culture><Cocultivation><Coculture><Coculture Techniques><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Apis><Shapes><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Genetic Materials><System><microorganism interaction><microbial interaction><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><microbial><member><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Process><Development><developmental><microbiome><resistant><Resistance><community microbes><microbial community><Microbe><dynamical evolution><predictive outcomes><predictors of outcomes><outcome prediction><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><bacterial community><microbial composition><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <adulthood><adult human (21+)><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Bacteria><anaerobe><Anaerobic Bacteria><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Motility><Cellular Motility><Cellular Migration><Cell Movement><Cell Migration><Cell Locomotion><cell motility><Cells><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><artificial environment><Controlled Environment><E coli><Escherichia coli><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><Genetic Screening><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><heart disorder><Cardiac Disorders><Cardiac Diseases><Heart Diseases><ferroheme><Protoheme IX><Protoheme><Heme b><Ferroprotoporphyrin><Ferrate(2-), (7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-><Heme><Protohemin IX><Protohemin><Ferriprotoporphyrin IX Chloride><Ferriheme Chloride><Ferrate(2-), chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-5-13)-><Chlorohemin><Hemin><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Methods><periodontium disorder><periodontium disease><periodontal disorder><Parodontosis><Periodontal Diseases><Chronic Periodontitis><Periodontitis><Publishing><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Starvation><Stress><Technology><Body Tissues><Tissues><Virulence><Measures><biofilm><Microbial Biofilms><P.gingivalis><P. gingivalis><Bacteroides gingivalis><Porphyromonas gingivalis><Mediating><base><Heart artery><Cardiac artery><Coronary artery><Site><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><Porphyromonas><Link><Endothelial Cells><Mouth><Cavitas Oris><Buccal Cavity Head and Neck><Buccal Cavity><Oral cavity><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><cell type><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><environmental stressor><mutant><reverse transcriptase PCR><RTPCR><RT-PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><knowledgebase><knowledge base><novel><Pathogenesis><cDNA Library><Regulation><Modeling><response><Pathogenicity Factors><Virulence Factors><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Non-Coding RNA><Non-Coding><Functional RNA><Small RNA><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Data><molecular signature><molecular profile><Molecular Fingerprinting><Expression Signature><Expression Profiling><Molecular Profiling><Post-Transcriptional Regulation Process><Post-Transcriptional Control><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Invaded><developmental><Development><oral pathogen><next generation><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><public health relevance><screening>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <adulthood><adult human (21+)><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Bacteria><anaerobe><Anaerobic Bacteria><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Motility><Cellular Motility><Cellular Migration><Cell Movement><Cell Migration><Cell Locomotion><cell motility><Cells><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><artificial environment><Controlled Environment><E coli><Escherichia coli><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Genes><Genetic Screening><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Health><heart disorder><Cardiac Disorders><Cardiac Diseases><Heart Diseases><ferroheme><Protoheme IX><Protoheme><Heme b><Ferroprotoporphyrin><Ferrate(2-), (7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-><Heme><Protohemin IX><Protohemin><Ferriprotoporphyrin IX Chloride><Ferriheme Chloride><Ferrate(2-), chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-5-13)-><Chlorohemin><Hemin><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Methods><periodontium disorder><periodontium disease><periodontal disorder><Parodontosis><Periodontal Diseases><Chronic Periodontitis><Periodontitis><Publishing><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Starvation><Stress><Technology><Body Tissues><Tissues><Virulence><Measures><biofilm><Microbial Biofilms><P.gingivalis><P. gingivalis><Bacteroides gingivalis><Porphyromonas gingivalis><Mediating><base><Heart artery><Cardiac artery><Coronary artery><Site><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><Porphyromonas><Link><Endothelial Cells><Mouth><Cavitas Oris><Buccal Cavity Head and Neck><Buccal Cavity><Oral cavity><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><cell type><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><environmental stressor><mutant><reverse transcriptase PCR><RTPCR><RT-PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><knowledgebase><knowledge base><novel><Pathogenesis><cDNA Library><Regulation><Modeling><response><Nontranslated RNA><Noncoding RNA><Untranslated RNA><Pathogenicity Factors><Virulence Factors><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Small RNA><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Data><molecular signature><molecular profile><Molecular Fingerprinting><Expression Signature><Expression Profiling><Molecular Profiling><Post-Transcriptional Regulation Process><Post-Transcriptional Control><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Invaded><developmental><Development><oral pathogen><next generation><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><screening>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Affect><Bacteria><Origin of Life><Biogenesis><Cellfree System><Cell-Free System><Cells><bedsonia><Miyagawanella><Chlamydia><chlamydial disease><Chlamydial Infection><Chlamydia Infections><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydia trachomatis><Chromatin><Chromosomes><Thymonuclease><Pancreatic DNase><DNase I><DNA Endonuclease><Deoxyribonuclease I><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Developing Nation><Developing Country><Developing Countries><Developmental Biology><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Elements><Energy Expenditure><Energy Metabolism><Forms Controls><Gene Expression><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Genes><Dextrose><D-Glucose><Glucose><2,3-dihydroxy-propanal><Glyceraldehyde><Glycolysis><Goals><Health><Hexoses><Histones><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><In element><Indium><Infection><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Maps><Metabolic Activation><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolism><Methods><Phosphates><inorganic phosphate><gene product><Proteins><Relaxation><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><RNA Polymerases><EC 2.7.7.6><DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases><DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase><social role><Role><Venereal Infections><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Bacterial Venereal Diseases><Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Time><Trachoma><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Virulence><Measures><Dissociation><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><DNA Sequence><Site><Medical><Link><insight><Germination><Pyruvate><DNA Footprint><Knowledge><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><condensation><Physical condensation><Structure><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><isoprenoid><regulatory gene product><Regulatory Protein><genetic regulatory protein><Regulation><Phosphate Transporters><Phosphate Transport Proteins><Inorganic Phosphate Transporter><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><protein expression><preventing><prevent><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Higher Order Structure><Higher Order Chromatin Folding><Higher Order Chromatin Structure><Mammalian Cell><in vivo><Chromatin Structure><Funding Mechanisms><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><pathogen><obligate intracellular parasite><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Affect><Bacteria><Origin of Life><Biogenesis><Cellfree System><Cell-Free System><Cells><bedsonia><Miyagawanella><Chlamydia><chlamydial disease><Chlamydial Infection><Chlamydia Infections><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydia trachomatis><Chromatin><Chromosomes><Thymonuclease><Pancreatic DNase><DNase I><DNA Endonuclease><Deoxyribonuclease I><DNase><DNA Nucleases><Deoxyribonucleases><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Developing Nation><Developing Country><Developing Countries><Developmental Biology><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Elements><Energy Expenditure><Energy Metabolism><Forms Controls><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><Dextrose><D-Glucose><Glucose><2,3-dihydroxy-propanal><Glyceraldehyde><Glycolysis><Goals><Hexoses><Histones><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><In element><Indium><Infection><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Maps><Metabolic Activation><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolism><Methods><Phosphates><inorganic phosphate><gene product><Proteins><Relaxation><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><RNA Polymerases><EC 2.7.7.6><DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases><DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase><social role><Role><Venereal Infections><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Bacterial Venereal Diseases><Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Time><Trachoma><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Virulence><Measures><Dissociation><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><DNA Sequence><Site><Medical><Link><insight><Germination><Pyruvate><DNA Footprint><Knowledge><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><condensation><Physical condensation><Structure><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><isoprenoid><regulatory gene product><Regulatory Protein><genetic regulatory protein><Regulation><Phosphate Transporters><Phosphate Transport Proteins><Inorganic Phosphate Transporter><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><protein expression><preventing><prevent><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Higher Order Structure><Higher Order Chromatin Folding><Higher Order Chromatin Structure><Mammalian Cell><in vivo><Chromatin Structure><Funding Mechanisms><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><pathogen><obligate intracellular parasite><public health relevance><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Body Tissues><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><pilot study><Sight><visual function><Regeneration><regenerate><Investigators><Researchers><Instruction><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Research Infrastructure><tissue repair><programs><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><Individual><Cell Body><Liver Fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Study><Prevention><Scientist><ligament injury><Molecular><Collaborations><Animal Model><Centers of Research Excellence><Disease Progression><Funding><career development><Address><skills><Biology><Biomedical Research><member><Functional disorder><disease diagnosis><novel strategies><hepatic fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><calcification><base><Productivity><Names><damage to ligament><ligament damage><Neoplasm Metastasis><instrumentation><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Tissues><Laboratories><Cardiovascular system><Cells><Animal Models and Related Studies><model organism><Environment><Universities><Extracellular Matrix><Reagent><Pilot Projects><Natural regeneration><Research><Vision><Research Personnel><Research Support><Goals><Health>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><sq. ft><square foot><success><model-based simulation><models and simulation><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computational analysis><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><N.I.H. Research Support><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><operation><next generation sequencing>
178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Dedications><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Microscopy><Peer Review><Physics><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Magazine><Journals><improved><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><multidisciplinary><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><recruit><Infrastructure>
179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Production><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Computer software><Software><Students><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><member><graduate student><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operations><operation><training opportunity><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><preservation><model of human><human model><Infrastructure><accredited><Accreditation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><animal experimentations><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Dedications>
180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biology><Biomedical Research><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular system><Cell Body><Cells><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Goals><Health><instrumentation><Laboratories><Names><Neoplasm Metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><cancer metastasis><Secondary Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Lesion><Metastasize><Metastasis><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><calcification><base><Calcified><Individual><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><skills><member><Prevention><career development><Address><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><public health relevance><disease diagnosis><tissue repair>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cardiovascular system><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cells><Cell Body><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Goals><Health><instrumentation><Laboratories><Names><Neoplasm Metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><cancer metastasis><Secondary Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Lesion><Metastasize><Metastasis><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Vision><visual function><Sight><Calcified><calcification><base><Individual><hepatic fibrosis><fibrotic liver><Liver Fibrosis><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><skills><member><Prevention><career development><Address><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><public health relevance><disease diagnosis><tissue repair>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Production><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Rattus><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Techniques><Research Technics><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Rodent><Software><Computer software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><cost><design><designing><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><preservation><human model><model of human><Infrastructure>
183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Cervical Cancer><Cervix Cancer><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Disease><Disorder><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><Movement><body movement><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Organelles><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinson Disease><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Substantia Nigra><Substantia nigra structure><Testing><Work><ECM receptor><extracellular matrix receptor><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Susceptibility><Predisposition><motor disease><motor dysfunction><motor disorder><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><NAC precursor><PARK1 protein><PARK4 protein><SNCA><SNCA protein><a-syn><a-synuclein><alphaSP22><asyn><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><α-syn><α-synuclein><alpha synuclein><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><mutant><Receptor Protein><receptor><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><DA Neuron><Dopamine neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44><MDU3><Pgp1><CD44 gene><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FRAP1><FRAP2><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><RAFT1><mTOR><mammalian target of rapamycin><FRAP1 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><protein aggregation><insoluble aggregate><protein aggregate><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><therapy development><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><disease-causing mutation><combat><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><symptom treatment><symptomatic treatment><treat symptom><motor symptom>
184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Affect><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Connective Tissue Diseases><Connective Tissue Disorder><Cessation of life><Death><Discrimination><Cognitive Discrimination><Disease><Disorder><Drug Design><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Endoplasmic Reticulum><Ergastoplasm><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><Intelligence><Kidney Diseases><Nephropathy><Renal Disease><kidney disorder><renal disorder><Kinetics><Ligands><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><Lung Tissue Fibrosis><fibrosis in the lung><lung fibrosis><Pulmonary Fibrosis><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Systemic Sclerosis><progressive systemic sclerosis><Systemic Scleroderma><Signal Pathway><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Thermodynamic><Thermodynamics><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Tissue Distribution><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><crosslink><cross-link><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><biosynthesis><Anabolism><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Disease Progression><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Developed Countries><Normal Tissue><Normal tissue morphology><Deposit><Deposition><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><Organ System><body system><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><RNA bound><RNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1><COL1A1 gene><COL1A2><COL1A2 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Post-Transcriptional Control><post-transcriptional gene regulation><posttranscriptional control><posttranscriptional regulation><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><endoplasmic reticulum stress><ER stress><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><CLIP-Seq><HITS-CLIP><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><mRNA delivery>
185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><Development><developmental><design><designing><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
186                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Connective Tissue Diseases><Connective Tissue Disorder><Cessation of life><Death><Discrimination><Cognitive Discrimination><Disease><Disorder><Drug Design><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Endoplasmic Reticulum><Ergastoplasm><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><Intelligence><Kidney Diseases><Nephropathy><Renal Disease><kidney disorder><renal disorder><Kinetics><Ligands><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><Pulmonary Fibrosis><lung fibrosis><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><Messenger RNA><mRNA><Role><social role><Systemic Scleroderma><Systemic Sclerosis><progressive systemic sclerosis><Signal Pathway><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Thermodynamics><Thermodynamic><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Tissue Distribution><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><crosslink><cross-link><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><Anabolism><biosynthesis><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Binding Proteins><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Disease Progression><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Developed Countries><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Normal Tissue><Normal tissue morphology><Deposit><Deposition><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><Organ System><body system><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><RNA bound><RNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1><COL1A1 gene><COL1A2><COL1A2 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Post-Transcriptional Control><post-transcriptional gene regulation><posttranscriptional control><posttranscriptional regulation><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><endoplasmic reticulum stress><ER stress><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><CLIP-Seq><HITS-CLIP><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><mRNA delivery>
187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Goals><Health><Grant><United States National Institutes of Health><Communities><Complement><Role><Science><Translating><Work><Writing><Students><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Tissues><Time><Universities><Engineering><Disease><Investments><Pilot Projects><Peer Review><Institutes><instrumentation><Pain><Future><Patient Care><Research Personnel><Research Support><Extracellular Matrix><Mentors><Faculty><Mission><success><Scientist><Evaluation><Quality of life><Reagent><Productivity><Program Development><Records><Recruitment Activity><Natural regeneration><Collaborations><Cells><Research><Biology><Biomedical Research><career development><Advisory Committees><member><response><graduate student><research facility><Individual><Human Resources><Animal Model><Annual Reports><Positioning Attribute><Disease Progression><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><Development><Knowledge><base><career><Research Training><programs><Funding><Organ><Educational workshop><improved><Ensure><Interdisciplinary Study><tissue repair><infrastructure development><multidisciplinary><disease/disorder><Complement Proteins><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Address><Disorder><design><Centers of Research Excellence><Investigators><Researchers><Patient Care Delivery><NIH><National Institutes of Health><QOL><recruit><Regeneration><regenerate><Body Tissues><social role><Painful><pilot study><Teaching><Task Forces><Research Program Projects><Workshop><Infrastructure><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Animal Models and Related Studies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><model organism><Manpower><personnel><designing><Position><developmental><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence>
188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Biological Preservation><Production><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Training and Education><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Facilities Construction Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><N.I.H. Research Support><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student>
189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligands><Mentors><polymorphism><Polymorphism (Genetics)><Genetic Polymorphism><Publishing><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Societies><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><matrix Gla protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Nation><Developed Country><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><protein expression><preventing><prevent><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><protein function><mineralization>
190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Accounting><Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><clinical investigation><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><Joint Instability><Articulation><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><joint ligament><Articular ligaments><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><Healed><repair><repaired><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><mechanical><Mechanics><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><restoration><Formulation><Drug Formulations><Inferior><Visit><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><Speed><Speed (motion)><Structure><simulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><functional restoration><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><therapy development><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair>
191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Biology><Biomedical Research><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Cells><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Goals><Health><instrumentation><Laboratories><Names><tumor cell metastasis><cancer metastasis><Tumor Cell Migration><Secondary Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastasize><Metastasis><Neoplasm Metastasis><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Reagent><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><calcification><base><Individual><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><skills><member><Prevention><career development><Address><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><public health relevance><disease diagnosis><tissue repair>
192                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <NA>
193                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Body Tissues><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><pilot study><Sight><visual function><Regeneration><regenerate><Investigators><Researchers><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Research Infrastructure><tissue repair><programs><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><Individual><Liver Fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Study><Cell Body><Prevention><Scientist><ligament injury><Collaborations><Animal Model><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Disease Progression><Funding><career development><Address><skills><Biology><member><Functional disorder><Biomedical Research><disease diagnosis><novel strategies><hepatic fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><calcification><Productivity><base><Names><damage to ligament><ligament damage><Neoplasm Metastasis><instrumentation><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Laboratories><Tissues><Cardiovascular system><Cells><Animal Models and Related Studies><model organism><Environment><Universities><Extracellular Matrix><Reagent><Pilot Projects><Natural regeneration><Research><Vision><Research Personnel><Research Support><Goals><Health>
194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Production><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Computer software><Software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><cost><design><designing><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><preservation><human model><model of human><Infrastructure>
195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Chemistry><Communities><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><facial><faces><Face><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><Mechanics><mechanical><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Extramural Activities><Extramural><EXTMR><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
196                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><surveillance study><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><recruit><Infrastructure><COVID-19 surveillance><COVID19 surveillance><SARS-CoV-2 surveillance><coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surveillance>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><Anti-Inflammatories><Anti-inflammatory><Antiinflammatories><Antiinflammatory Agents><antiinflammatory><Anti-Inflammatory Agents><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Biology><Biopsy><Western Blotting><Immunoblotting><Western Immunoblotting><protein blotting><Cells><Cell Body><Colon><Demyelinations><demyelinate><Dextrans><dextran><Disease><Disorder><Disease susceptibility><Diathesis><liability to disease><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Epithelial Cells><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Farnesol><3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol><Female><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Fluorochrome><Gene Expression><Inflammation><Intestinal Mucosa><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Literature><male><men><Mucins><Mucus Glycoprotein><Mucous Membrane><Mucosa><Mucosal Tissue><Mucous body substance><Mucus><mucous><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Organism><living system><Permeability><Production><Woman><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><FISH Technic><FISH Technique><FISH analysis><FISH assay><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><Label><Phase><biologic><Biological><Susceptibility><Predisposition><Epithelium><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><Confocal Microscopy><disease onset><disorder onset><Onset of illness><Bacterial Translocation><Genetic><Inflammatory><Knowledge><Severities><Oral><Pattern><Severity of illness><disease severity><extracellular><microbial><isoprenoid><Disease model><disorder model><Gene Proteins><Protein Gene Products><gastrointestinal epithelium><Gut Epithelium><Modeling><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><quorum sensing><Inflammatory Response><Lamina Propria><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><SJL Mouse><sex><neural inflammation><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><protective effect><resistant><Resistance><GI microbiota><Gastrointestinal microbiota><enteric microbial community><enteric microbiota><gastrointestinal microbial flora><gut commensal><gut community><gut flora><gut microbe community><gut microbial community><gut microbial composition><gut microbial consortia><gut microbiotic><gut microflora><intestinal flora><intestinal microbes><intestinal microbiota><intestinal microflora><intestinal tract microflora><gut microbiota><fecal microbial transplantation><fecal microbiome transplantation><fecal microbiota transplant><fecal microbiota transplantation><fecal transplant><fecal transplantation><microbial consortia><microbial flora><microflora><multispecies consortia><microbiota><microbiota-gut-brain interactions><microbiota-gut-brain signaling><microbiota-gut-brain axis><16S gene sequencing><16S rRNA amplicon sequencing><16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing><16S rRNA gene sequencing><16S rRNA genomic profiling><16S rRNA sequencing><16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing><16S sequencing><16S ribosomal RNA sequencing><Gut Mucosa><fecal microbial community><fecal microbiota><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut permeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal permeability><gut microbial species><gut microbes><mucosa-associated microbes><mucosa-associated microbial community><mucosa-associated microbiota><mucosal flora><mucosal microbes><mucosal microflora><mucosal microbiota><systemic inflammation><systemic inflammatory response><intestinal mucosal barrier><intestinal barrier><microbial composition><gut dysbiosis><gut inflammation><bowel inflammation><inflamed bowel><inflamed gut><inflamed intestine><intestinal inflammation><immune cell infiltrate><Immune infiltrates>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><career><improved><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><member><graduate student><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Development><developmental><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Closure by Ligation><Ligation><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Liver diseases><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Physiological Processes><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Technology><Testing><TCDD><Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><chronic liver disease><Investigation><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><therapeutic target><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><Development><developmental><design><designing><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Magazine><Journals><improved><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><EXTMR><Extramural><Extramural Activities><Principal Investigator><developmental><Development><multidisciplinary><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><microscopic imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><base><career><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><regenerate new tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><tissue renewal><tissue regeneration><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><operation><tissue repair><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next generation sequencing><materials science><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><microscopic imaging><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><Visualization>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Production><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Computer software><Software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><regenerate new tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><tissue renewal><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><preservation><model of human><human model><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Achievement><Achievement Attainment><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Chemistry><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Disease><Disorder><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mentors><Microscopy><Parents><Peer Review><Physics><Publications><Scientific Publication><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><Journals><Magazine><improved><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Research Activity><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><instrument><Nature><Bioreactors><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><computer science><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Prevention><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Development><developmental><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><data acquisition><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><operation><tissue repair><imaging system><materials science><training opportunity><equipment acquisition><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><Visualization>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Dedications><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><career><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><college><collegiate><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><simulation><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisitions><data acquisition><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><operations><operation><tissue repair><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next generation sequencing><materials science><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><Visualization>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <ages><Age><Biology><bone><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Survival><Cell Viability><Cells><Cell Body><Cisplatin><CDDP><Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum><Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum><Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II)><Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II)><Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride><Cis-platinum II><Cis-platinum II Diamine Dichloride><Cisplatina><Cisplatinum><Cysplatyna><Dichlorodiammineplatinum><Peyrone's Chloride><Peyrone's Salt><Platinum Diamminodichloride><cis dichlorodiammineplatinum><cis platinum compound><cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum><cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum><cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)><cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)><cis-Platinum><DNA Damage><DNA Injury><DNA Repair><DNA Damage Repair><Unscheduled DNA Synthesis><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Fracture><bone fracture><Gene Expression><Goals><Hair><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Idaho><Kinetics><Laboratories><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><mortality><Nausea><Neoplasm Metastasis><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><Osteoblasts><Osteolysis><Osteopenia><Osteopenias><Osteoporosis><Patients><Platinum><Platinum Black><Pt element><Production><Proteins><Public Health><Quality of life><QOL><Recurrence><Recurrent><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Role><social role><Mechanical Stress><Testing><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Universities><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Woman><Work><Women's Health><Female Health><improved><repair><repaired><Physical activity><Carcinogen-DNA Adducts><DNA Adducts><Deposition><Deposit><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Protocols documentation><Protocol><vibration><Nucleotide Excision Repair><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><adduct><experience><bone loss><Toxic effect><Toxicities><chemotherapeutic agent><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><response><Proteomics><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><cancer recurrence><osteoblast cell differentiation><osteoblastic differentiation><osteoblast differentiation><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Institution><preventing><prevent><Patient Compliance><patient adherence><patient cooperation><therapy compliance><therapy cooperation><treatment compliance><compliance behavior><Dose><Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm><Recurrent Cancer><Recurrent Malignant Tumor><Administrative Supplement><Breast Cancer Treatment><Core Facility><DNA Adduction><DNA Adduct Formation><Data><preventive intervention><Preventative intervention><intervention for prevention><prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Qualifying><Cancer Patient><Cancer Survivor><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><designing><design><bone health><Outcome><Population><anti-cancer treatment><anticancer treatment><chemotherapy><pluripotency><senescent><senescence><effective treatment><effective therapy><osteogenic><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptomic sequencing><transcriptome sequencing><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><Breast Cancer survivor><Data Science><improved outcome><fracture risk><mechanical force><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><rural counties><side effect><long-term sequelae>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Histology><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Kidney><Lactation><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Technical Expertise><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><skeletal><cancer risk><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><Sampling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><LBUL><Lobule><mammary><Human Mammary Glands><Mammary gland><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Mammary Tumorigenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><career><improved><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><member><graduate student><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Development><developmental><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Aging><Angiogenesis Factor><Angiogenic Factor><Biocompatible Materials><Biomaterials><biological material><Biology><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibroins><Gel><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Insulin-Like Growth Factor I><IGF-1><IGF-I><IGF-I-SmC><Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1><Insulin-Like Somatomedin Peptide I><Somatomedin C><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Myosin ATPase><Actin-Activated ATPase><Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase><Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase><Myosins><Peptides><Production><Proteins><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Stains><Staining method><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tyramine><Umbilical vein><Vascularization><Silk><Generations><Mediating><injuries><Injury><crosslink><improved><Encapsulated><Phase><Biochemical><Endothelial Cells><Voluntary Muscle><Skeletal Muscle><Myotubes><Rhabdomyocyte><Skeletal Fiber><Skeletal Muscle Cell><Skeletal Muscle Fiber><Skeletal Myocytes><Muscle Fibers><skeletal disease><skeletal disorder><Co-culture><Cocultivation><Coculture><Coculture Techniques><Therapeutic><Morphology><Nature><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Protocols documentation><Protocol><System><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><Myoblasts><Embryonic Muscle Cells><Precursor Muscle Cells><myogenesis><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><Hydrogels><novel><Modeling><FGF2 gene><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene><FGF-2><FGF2><FGFB><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gene><HBGF-2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Class II><Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Factor><bFGF><Muscle Development><Muscular Development><VEGF><VEGFs><Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors><Musculoskeletal System Development><Musculoskeletal Development><Data><in vitro Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><stem cell differentiation><Coupling><therapeutic target><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><induced pluripotent cell><inducible pluripotent stem cell><induced pluripotent stem cell><skeletal muscle differentiation><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptomic sequencing><transcriptome sequencing><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical properties>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Cervical Cancer><Cervix Cancer><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Disease><Disorder><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><Movement><body movement><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Organelles><Parkinson Disease><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Substantia nigra structure><Substantia Nigra><Testing><Work><ECM receptor><extracellular matrix receptor><Mediating><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Susceptibility><Predisposition><motor disease><motor dysfunction><motor disorder><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><NAC precursor><PARK1 protein><PARK4 protein><SNCA><SNCA protein><a-syn><a-synuclein><alphaSP22><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><α-syn><α-synuclein><alpha synuclein><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><mutant><Receptor Protein><receptor><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><DA Neuron><Dopamine neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44><MDU3><Pgp1><CD44 gene><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FRAP1><FRAP2><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><RAFT1><mTOR><mammalian target of rapamycin><FRAP1 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><protein aggregation><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cellular model><Cell model><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><therapy development><disease-causing mutation><combat><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome sequencing><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><symptomatic treatment><treat symptom><symptom treatment><motor symptom>
212                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Connective Tissue Diseases><Connective Tissue Disorder><Cessation of life><Death><Discrimination><Cognitive Discrimination><Disease><Disorder><Drug Design><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Endoplasmic Reticulum><Ergastoplasm><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><Intelligence><Kidney Diseases><Nephropathy><Renal Disease><kidney disorder><renal disorder><Kinetics><Ligands><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><Pulmonary Fibrosis><lung fibrosis><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><Messenger RNA><mRNA><Role><social role><Systemic Scleroderma><Systemic Sclerosis><progressive systemic sclerosis><Signal Pathway><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Thermodynamics><Thermodynamic><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Tissue Distribution><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><cross-link><crosslink><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><biosynthesis><Anabolism><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Disease Progression><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><ER Positive><ER+><Estrogen receptor positive><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Developed Countries><Normal Tissue><Normal tissue morphology><Deposit><Deposition><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><Organ System><body system><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><RNA bound><RNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1><COL1A1 gene><COL1A2><COL1A2 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Post-Transcriptional Control><post-transcriptional gene regulation><posttranscriptional control><posttranscriptional regulation><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><ER stress><endoplasmic reticulum stress><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><CLIP-Seq><HITS-CLIP><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><mRNA delivery><Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Schools><Science><Software><Computer software><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><base><career><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><tissue repair><next generation sequencing><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Visualization><mass spectrometric imaging><imaging mass spectrometry>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><base><career><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><tissue repair><next generation sequencing><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Visualization>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Cervical Cancer><Cervix Cancer><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Disease><Disorder><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><Movement><body movement><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Organelles><Parkinson Disease><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Substantia nigra structure><Substantia Nigra><Testing><Work><ECM receptor><extracellular matrix receptor><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Predisposition><Susceptibility><motor disorder><motor disease><motor dysfunction><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><alpha synuclein><NAC precursor><PARK1 protein><PARK4 protein><SNCA><SNCA protein><a-syn><a-synuclein><alphaSP22><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><α-syn><α-synuclein><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><mutant><Receptor Protein><receptor><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><DA Neuron><Dopamine neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44><MDU3><Pgp1><CD44 gene><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FRAP1><FRAP2><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><RAFT1><mTOR><mammalian target of rapamycin><FRAP1 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><protein aggregation><insoluble aggregate><protein aggregate><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><therapy development><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><disease-causing mutation><combat><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><symptom treatment><symptomatic treatment><treat symptom><motor symptom>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Acceleration><Actins><Aging><Award><Bed rest><Bedrest><Behavioral Research><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><bone><cell growth><Cellular Expansion><Cellular Growth><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Collagen><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><Elements><Engineering><Exercise><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Gene Expression><Goals><Grant><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Motion><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Osteocytes><Osteoporosis><Parents><parent><Pathology><Periodicity><Cyclicity><Rhythmicity><Production><Proteins><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Technology><Testing><Time><Work><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Measures><Mediating><CCN2><CTGF><IGF-binding protein-related protein-2><IGFBP-8><IGFBP-rP2><fisp12 protein><insulin-like growth factor binding protein 8><connective tissue growth factor><Stromal Cells><injuries><Injury><Microscope><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><biologic><Biological><biosynthesis><Anabolism><bone cell><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Measurement><Microgravity><Disease Progression><Force Microscopy><Scanning Force Microscopy><Atomic Force Microscopy><Cell Components><Cell Structure><Cellular Structures><Collaborations><Attenuated><attenuate><attenuates><Morphology><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><scaffold><scaffolding><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Bioreactors><microbioreactor><Knowledge><programs><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Frequencies><Complex><Clinic><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><vibration><Musculoskeletal><Nuclear><Tissue Engineering><bioengineered tissue><engineered tissue><Cell Proliferation><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><lipid biosynthesis><adipogenesis><lipogenesis><bone loss><Speed><novel><Exclusion><Basic Science><Basic Research><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Modeling><response><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Nuclear Import><Focal Adhesions><Adhesion Plaques><Cell-Matrix Adherens Junctions><Focal Contacts><cell fixing><Nuclear Protein><protein expression><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><EGFP protein><enhanced green fluorescent protein><preventing><prevent><Signaling Protein><Signaling Factor Proto-Oncogene><Signaling Pathway Gene><Transcription Coactivator><Transcription Activator><Transcription Factor Coactivator><Transcriptional Activator><Transcriptional Activator/Coactivator><Transcriptional Coactivator><transcription co-activator><transcriptional co-activator><Address><Research Training><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Osteolytic><Translational Research><Translational Science><translation research><translational investigation><Development><developmental><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><multidisciplinary><translational study><usability><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><tissue repair><Geometry><training opportunity><live cell microscopy><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical force><machine learned algorithm><machine learning based algorithm><machine learning algorithm><data pipeline><in silico><Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells><bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
219                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Award><Bacteria><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><cell adhesion protein><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Cells><Economical Development><Economic Development><Equipment><Fees><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Investments><Maintenance><Minor><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><Nervous system structure><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Neurosciences><optical><Optics><living system><Organism><Plasmids><gene product><Proteins><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Technical Expertise><Microscope><Area><Ensure><Funding><instrument><Life><programs><Source><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Regulation><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><Commit><Molecular and Cellular Biology><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><cell determination><optical imaging><optic imaging>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <NA>
221                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <NA>
222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Bacteria><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Chemistry><Color><Disulfides><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Emergencies><Emergency Situation><Environment><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Fluorides><Food or Food Product><Food><Goals><Hydroperoxide><H2O2><Hydrogen Peroxide><Infection><Influenza><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metals><Neuraminidase><exo alpha sialidase><Sialidase><Oligosaccharide Sialidase><N-Acylneuraminate Glycohydrolases><Acylneuraminyl hydrolase><Palladium><Pd element><Production><Reagent><Resources><Research Resources><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Silicon><Si element><Sulfhydryl Compounds><sulfhydryl group><Thiols><Mercapto Compounds><Mercaptans><Testing><untrained worker><Untrained Employee><Untrained Personnel><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Generations><health care><Healthcare><base><Series><Ensure><point of care testing><Bedside Testings><Cleaved cell><cleaved><Diagnostic><Pollution><Event><Home environment><Home><Reaction><Performance><water quality><aqueous><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Reporting><response><theories><small molecule><Affinity><Detection><Disease Marker><Reader><Scheme><Signaling Molecule><point of care><Output><cost><designing><design><foodborn><food-borne><food-born><foodborne><pathogen><public health relevance><point-of-care diagnostics><diagnostic assay><equipment training>
223                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Alleles><Allelomorphs><Alzheimer's Disease><senile dementia of the Alzheimer type><primary degenerative dementia><dementia of the Alzheimer type><Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia><Alzheimers disease><Alzheimers Dementia><Alzheimer's><Alzheimer syndrome><Alzheimer sclerosis><Alzheimer disease><Alzheimer Type Dementia><Alzheimer><Amino Acids><aminoacid><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Antibodies><Apolipoprotein E><ApoE><Apo-E><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Western Blotting><protein blotting><Western Immunoblotting><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain Diseases><Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders><Intracranial CNS Disorders><Encephalon Diseases><Brain Disorders><Transporter Protein><Transport Proteins><Transport Protein Gene><Carrier Proteins><necrocytosis><Cell Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Body><Cells><Cholesterol><Chromosome 18><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18><collagenase I><Nucleolysin><Collalysine><Clostridium histolyticum Collagenase><Clostridiopeptidase A><Microbial Collagenase><Cytoplasm><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Endocytosis><Exhibits><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Fractionation Radiotherapy><FRACN><Chemical Fractionation><Fractionation><Gene Expression><Genes><Glycoproteins><Goals><Modern Man><Human><orthopedic freezing><Immobilization><Immune Precipitation><Immunoprecipitation><In Vitro><Kinetics><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Lipoproteins><Luciferase Immunologic><Luciferases><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><oligos><Oligo><Oligonucleotides><optical><Optics><Play><Proteins><Lipoprotein LDL Receptors><LDL Receptors><Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Testing><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><alpha2-Macroglobulin Signaling Receptor><alpha-2-Macroglobulin Receptor><Low-Density-Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1><Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein><Apolipoprotein E Receptor><ApoE Receptor><Apo E Receptor><LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1><apolipoprotein E4><apolipoprotein E epsilon 4><apoE4><apoE-4><apoE epsilon 4><apo epsilon4><apo E4><apo E-4><APOEε4><APOE e4><APOE-ε4><apolipoprotein E-4><soluble amyloid precursor protein><beta amyloid fibril><amyloid-b protein><amyloid beta><abeta><a beta peptide><Aβ><Amyloid β-Protein><Amyloid β-Peptide><Amyloid β><Amyloid Protein A4><Amyloid Beta-Peptide><Amyloid Alzheimer's Dementia Amyloid Protein><Alzheimer's amyloid><Alzheimer's Amyloid beta-Protein><Alzheimer beta-Protein><Amyloid beta-Protein><Immunofluorescence Microscopy><Enhancers><Family member><Mediating><DNA Sequence><Gelatinase B><Type V Collagenase><Matrix Metalloproteinase-9><Macrophage Gelatinase><MMP-9 Protein><MMP-9><92-kDa Type IV Collagenase><92-kDa Gelatinase><base><Site><Variant><Variation><Microglia><perivascular glial cell><microgliocyte><microglial cell><mesoglia><gitter cell><Hortega cell><Reporter Genes><Ensure><insight><uptake><Importins><Genetic><Cleaved cell><cleaved><In Situ><Techniques><Nuclear><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><molecular pathology><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><Proteolysis><Protein Cleavage><receptor><Receptor Protein><receptor mediated endocytosis><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><reverse transcriptase PCR><RTPCR><RT-PCR><protein transport><Protein Trafficking><trafficking><novel><Exclusion><Environmental Risk Factor><environmental risk><Environmental Factor><Pathogenesis><genetic risk factor><inherited factor><Sampling><RNA purification><Small Interfering RNA><siRNA><Short interfering RNA><DNA Binding><DNA bound><DNA Binding Interaction><Transcriptional Control><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><ChIP assay><chromatin immunoprecipitation><Length><Data><Recombinants><Transcript><Validation><Molecular><Pathway interactions><pathway><knock-down><knockdown><design><designing><Alzheimer's disease risk><alzheimer risk><Alzheimer risk factor><loss of function><gain of function><motor impairment><movement limitation><movement impairment><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Accounting><Age><Allelomorphs><Alleles><senile dementia of the Alzheimer type><primary degenerative dementia><dementia of the Alzheimer type><Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia><Alzheimers disease><Alzheimers Dementia><Alzheimer's><Alzheimer syndrome><Alzheimer sclerosis><Alzheimer disease><Alzheimer Type Dementia><Alzheimer><Alzheimer's Disease><protein sequence><Primary Protein Structure><Amino Acid Sequence><aminoacid><Amino Acids><Antibodies><ApoE><Apo-E><APOE [{C0003595}]><Apolipoprotein E><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><protein blotting><Western Immunoblotting><Western Blotting><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Cathepsins><Cell Number><Cell Count><Cellfree System><Cell-Free System><Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3beta)-><Cholesterol><chymotrypsin><Circular Dichroism><cysteine endopeptidase><cystein proteinase><cystein protease><ICE-like protease><Cell-Death Protease><caspase><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><E coli><Escherichia coli><Glycoproteins><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Lipoproteins><metalloproteinase (general)><Metalloproteinases><Metallopeptidases><Metalloproteases><Microscopy><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><body movement><Movement><neuronal degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Proteolytic Enzymes><Proteinases><Proteases><Peptidases><Esteroproteases><Peptide Hydrolases><Play><Production><gene product><Proteins><Risk><social role><Role><Serine Proteinases><Serine Protein Hydrolases><Serine Endopeptidases><Serine Protease><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Work><apolipoprotein E3><apoE3><apoE-3><apo E3><apo E-3><apolipoprotein E-3><human APOE epsilon4 protein><apolipoprotein E4><apoE4><apoE-4><apo epsilon4><apo E4><apo E-4><apolipoprotein E-4><soluble amyloid precursor protein><beta amyloid fibril><amyloid-b protein><amyloid beta><abeta><a beta peptide><Amyloid Protein A4><Amyloid Fibril Protein (Alzheimer's)><Amyloid Beta-Peptide><Amyloid Alzeheimer's Dementia Amyloid Protein><Alzheimer's amyloid><Alzheimer's Amyloid beta-Protein><Alzheimer beta-Protein><Amyloid beta-Protein><Relative><Relative (related person)><amyloid precursor protein><Amyloid Protein Precursor><Amyloid A4 Protein Precursor><Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor><tangle><neurofibrillary pathology><neurofibrillary lesion><neurofibrillary degeneration><Neurofibrillary Tangles><tau factor><tau><microtubule-bound tau><microtubule-associated protein tau><microtubule bound tau><microtubule associated protein tau><MT-bound tau><tau Proteins><Programmed Cell Death><Apoptosis Pathway><Apoptosis><base><Site><Variation><Variant><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><cysteine protease P32><Yama protein><Yama><SREBP Cleavage Activity 1><SCA-1><PARP Cleavage Protease><Cysteine Protease CPP32><CPP32beta><CPP32B><CPP32 protein><CPP32><CPP-32><CASP3><CASP-3><Apoptosis-Related Cysteine Protease Caspase 3><Apopain><caspase-3><Genetic><cleaved><Cleaved cell><Nature><Consensus><Complex><Event><In Situ><cell type><Late Onset Alzheimer Disease><neurodegenerative illness><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Amino Acid Substitution><light scattering><molecular pathology><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Protein Cleavage><Proteolysis><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><environmental risk><Environmental Factor><Environmental Risk Factor><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><inherited factor><genetic risk factor><Sampling><Mediator of Activation><Mediator><Mediator of activation protein><sedimentation><Sedimentation process><Length><Affinity><Data><Recombinants><in vitro Assay><Validation><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><designing><design><tangle formation><neurofibrillary tangle formation><Alzheimer's disease risk><loss of function><high risk><public health relevance>
225                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Elderly><advanced age><elders><geriatric><late life><later life><older adult><older person><senior citizen><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Alzheimer's Disease><AD dementia><Alzheimer><Alzheimer Type Dementia><Alzheimer disease><Alzheimer sclerosis><Alzheimer syndrome><Alzheimer's><Alzheimer's disease dementia><Alzheimers Dementia><Alzheimers disease><Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia><dementia of the Alzheimer type><primary degenerative dementia><senile dementia of the Alzheimer type><Amino Acids><aminoacid><Animals><Apolipoprotein E><Apo-E><ApoE><Behavior><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular system><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><cell motility><Cell Locomotion><Cell Migration><Cell Movement><Cellular Migration><Cellular Motility><Motility><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Embryo><Embryonic><Exhibits><Fertilization><Fertility/Fertilization><Fishes><Fluorescence><Gene Expression><Genes><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Heart><Heart Rate><Cardiac Chronotropism><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Inflammation><Learning><Lipoproteins><Locomotion><Long-Term Effects><Longterm Effects><Memory><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><mortality><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Nervous System><Neurologic Body System><Neurologic Organ System><Nervous system structure><neurochemical><neurochemistry><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><optical><Optics><living system><Organism><Pathology><Esteroproteases><Peptidases><Protease Gene><Proteases><Proteinases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Peptide Hydrolases><Play><Proteins><Risk><Risk Factors><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Rodent><social role><Role><Medulla Spinalis><Spinal Cord><Swimming><Tail><Testing><Time><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><apolipoprotein E-4><APOE e4><APOE-ε4><APOEε4><apo E-4><apo E4><apo epsilon4><apoE epsilon 4><apoE-4><apoE4><apolipoprotein E epsilon 4><apolipoprotein E4><Transposase><Neurofibrillary Tangles><neurofibrillary degeneration><neurofibrillary lesion><neurofibrillary pathology><tangle><tau Proteins><MT-bound tau><microtubule bound tau><microtubule-bound tau><tau><tau factor><τ Proteins><Gelatinase B><92-kDa Gelatinase><92-kDa Type IV Collagenase><MMP-9><MMP-9 Protein><Macrophage Gelatinase><Matrix Metalloproteinase-9><Type V Collagenase><base><Chronic><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Neurologic><Neurological><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Link><motor disease><motor dysfunction><motor disorder><Memory Deficit><memory dysfunction><Memory impairment><adult youth><young adulthood><young adult><Disease Progression><Confocal Microscopy><Funding><PHF-1><Transgenes><Morphology><Inflammatory><tool><Hour><Pattern><Organ System><body system><late onset alzheimer><Late Onset Alzheimer Disease><Amentia><Dementia><extracellular><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><molecular pathology><neuromuscular function><hatching><trafficking><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><behavioral test><behavior test><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><inherited factor><genetic risk factor><cardiovascular risk><cardiovascular risk factor><Modeling><Transgenesis><Gene Transfer Techniques><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Length><Defect><Data><Molecular Fingerprinting><molecular profile><molecular signature><Molecular Profiling><Motor><in vitro Assay><in vivo><in vivo Model><Scheme><Tissue-Specific Gene Expression><Differential Gene Expression><Tissue-Specific Differential Gene Expression><Validation><Development><developmental><Behavioral><Pathway interactions><pathway><neurobehavioral><Impairment><Alzheimer's disease risk><Alzheimer risk factor><alzheimer risk><motor impairment><movement impairment><movement limitation><behavioral impairment><impaired behavior><CRISPR/Cas technology><CRISPR approach><CRISPR based approach><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR tools><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/CAS approach><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats approach><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><Knock-in><knockin><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><dementia risk><risk factor for dementia><risk for dementia><motor behavior><Alzheimer's disease brain><Alzheimer's brain>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computational resources><computing resources>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computational resources><computing resources>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><Failure><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computing resources><computational resources>
229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Organism><living system><Parasites><Pilot Projects><pilot study><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><Failure><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computing resources><computational resources>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computational resources><computing resources>
231                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Goals><Half-Life><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Laboratories><Ligands><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Organism><living system><Parents><Phosphorylation><Protein Phosphorylation><Phosphotransferases><Transphosphorylases><Phosphotransferase Gene><Kinases><Post-Translational Protein Processing><Protein Modification><Posttranslational Protein Processing><Posttranslational Modifications><Post-Translational Protein Modification><Post-Translational Modifications><Post-Translational Modification Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Proteins><Publishing><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Science><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Technology><Tissues><Body Tissues><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Normal Values><Normal Range><promotor><promoter><base><career><Site><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><Link><Training><Endothelial Cells><Individual><src-Family Tyrosine Kinases><src Tyrosine Kinases><src Protein-Tyrosine Kinases><src Kinases><src-Family Kinases><Exposure to><gamma secretase><γ-secretase><gamma secretase complex><ADAM10 protein><Cellular biology><cell biology><Investigation><Complex><Event><System><Vascular System><Membrane><membrane structure><high school><Manuscripts><skills><novel><graduate student><response><Habitats><Notch Signaling Pathway><Proteolysis and Signaling Pathway of Notch><Binding><Molecular Interaction><shear stress><Address><Data><Human Pathology><Phosphorylation Site><Tyrosine Phosphorylation><Pathologic><Molecular><Process><human disease><parent grant><undergraduate student><undergraduate><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><Behavior><Belief><Biology><vascular><Blood Vessels><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cell Interaction><Cell Communication><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Communication><Couples><Disorder><Disease><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis>
232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Amplifiers><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Award><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><biological material><Biomaterials><Biocompatible Materials><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><Biomedical Research><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><nonsmall cell lung cancer><Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC><Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Catalysis><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Engineering><Exhibits><Spillage><Leakage><Extravasation><Feedback><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Au element><Gold><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Humanities><Idaho><In Vitro><Kinetics><Learning><literacy><Logic><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><long-term study><Longitudinal Studies><Mentors><Methods><Athymic Nude Mouse><Athymic Mice><Nude Mice><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Nucleic Acids><Nucleotides><Patients><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Plasma><Polymerase Chain Reaction><Pregnancy Tests><Publishing><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Reverse Transcription><Rewards><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Si element><Silicon><Societies><Supervision><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Testing><Time><Transistors><Work><Writing><Zinc oxide (ZnO)><Lassar's Paste><Zinc Oxide><Measures><Medical Research><Relative><Relative (related person)><case report><Case Study><conference><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Magazine><Journals><base><career><Blood Sample><Blood specimen><Procedures><Area><Medical><Neurological><Neurologic><Link><Ensure><Training><Blood Serum><Serum><diabetic><lung cancer><Pulmonary malignant Neoplasm><Pulmonary Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Lung><Malignant neoplasm of lung><liquid><fluid><Liquid substance><Staging><Reporter><tool><Diagnostic><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Reaction><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Medical center><chemical reaction><nuclease><Performance><synthetic DNA><synthetic construct><professor><self diagnosis><Speed><Speed (motion)><Devices><Sampling><nanotech><nano technology><nano tech><nano scale Science><Nanoscale Science><Nanotechnology><cancer diagnosis><miRNAs><miRNA><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><preventing><prevent><Length><nano-structures><Nanostructures><Detection><Cancer Diagnostics><in vivo><Cancer Detection><enroll><Enrollment><developmental><Development><Output><cost><designing><design><nanometer sized><nanometer scale><nano scale><nano meter sized><nano meter scale><nanoscale><nano science><nanoscience><nano particle><nanoparticle><innovative><innovate><innovation><mouse model><tumor><A549><biomarker><biologic marker><Biological Markers><disease diagnosis>
233                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Amplifiers><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Award><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><biological material><Biomaterials><Biocompatible Materials><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><Biomedical Research><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><nonsmall cell lung cancer><Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC><Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Catalysis><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Engineering><Exhibits><Spillage><Leakage><Extravasation><Feedback><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Au element><Gold><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Humanities><Idaho><In Vitro><Kinetics><Learning><literacy><Logic><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><long-term study><Longitudinal Studies><Mentors><Methods><Athymic Nude Mouse><Athymic Mice><Nude Mice><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Nucleic Acids><Nucleotides><Patients><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Plasma><Polymerase Chain Reaction><Pregnancy Tests><Publishing><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Reverse Transcription><Rewards><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Si element><Silicon><Societies><Supervision><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Testing><Time><Transistors><Work><Writing><Zinc oxide (ZnO)><Lassar's Paste><Zinc Oxide><Measures><Medical Research><Relative><Relative (related person)><case report><Case Study><conference><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Magazine><Journals><base><career><Blood Sample><Blood specimen><Procedures><Area><Medical><Neurological><Neurologic><Link><Ensure><Training><Blood Serum><Serum><diabetic><lung cancer><Pulmonary malignant Neoplasm><Pulmonary Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Lung><Malignant neoplasm of lung><liquid><fluid><Liquid substance><Staging><Reporter><tool><Diagnostic><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Reaction><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Medical center><chemical reaction><nuclease><Performance><synthetic DNA><synthetic construct><professor><self diagnosis><Speed><Speed (motion)><Devices><Sampling><nanotech><nano technology><nano tech><nano scale Science><Nanoscale Science><Nanotechnology><cancer diagnosis><miRNA><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><preventing><prevent><Length><nano-structures><Nanostructures><Detection><Cancer Diagnostics><in vivo><Cancer Detection><enroll><Enrollment><developmental><Development><Output><cost><designing><design><nanometer sized><nanometer scale><nano scale><nano meter sized><nano meter scale><nanoscale><nano science><nanoscience><nano particle><nanoparticle><innovative><innovate><innovation><mouse model><tumor><A549><biomarker><biologic marker><Biological Markers><disease diagnosis>
234                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Amplifiers><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Award><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><biological material><Biomaterials><Biocompatible Materials><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><Biomedical Research><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><nonsmall cell lung cancer><Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC><Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Catalysis><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Engineering><Exhibits><Spillage><Leakage><Extravasation><Feedback><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Au element><Gold><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Humanities><Idaho><In Vitro><Kinetics><Learning><Logic><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><long-term study><Longitudinal Studies><Mentors><Methods><Athymic Nude Mouse><Athymic Mice><Nude Mice><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Nucleic Acids><Nucleotides><Patients><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Plasma><Polymerase Chain Reaction><Pregnancy Tests><Publishing><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Reverse Transcription><Rewards><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Si element><Silicon><Societies><Supervision><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Testing><Time><Transistors><Work><Writing><Zinc oxide (ZnO)><Lassar's Paste><Zinc Oxide><Measures><Medical Research><Relative><Relative (related person)><case report><Case Study><conference><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Magazine><Journals><base><career><Blood Sample><Blood specimen><Procedures><Area><Medical><Neurological><Neurologic><Link><Ensure><Training><Blood Serum><Serum><diabetic><lung cancer><Pulmonary malignant Neoplasm><Pulmonary Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Lung><Malignant neoplasm of lung><liquid><fluid><Liquid substance><Staging><Reporter><tool><Diagnostic><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Reaction><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Medical center><chemical reaction><nuclease><Performance><synthetic DNA><synthetic construct><professor><self diagnosis><Speed><Speed (motion)><Devices><Sampling><nanotech><nano technology><nano tech><nano scale Science><Nanoscale Science><Nanotechnology><cancer diagnosis><miRNAs><miRNA><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><preventing><prevent><Length><nano-structures><Nanostructures><Detection><Cancer Diagnostics><in vivo><Cancer Detection><enroll><Enrollment><developmental><Development><Output><cost><designing><design><nanometer sized><nanometer scale><nano scale><nano meter sized><nano meter scale><nanoscale><nano science><nanoscience><nano particle><nanoparticle><innovative><innovate><innovation><mouse model><tumor><A549><biomarker><biologic marker><Biological Markers><disease diagnosis>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Adhesions><Allelomorphs><Alleles><Alternative RNA Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative Splicing><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><Parturition><Birth><cell adhesion protein><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Cell Number><Cell Count><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Cells><Chromosome 21><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Genes><Goals><Incidence><Ligands><Photoradiation><Light><mouse mutant><Mutant Strains Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><Nervous system structure><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Neurosciences><Pathology><Patients><Phenotype><Play><Publishing><Research><Research Proposals><Retina><retinal ganglion><Ganglion Cells (Retina)><Retinal Ganglion Cells><Splicing><RNA Splicing><social role><Role><Stress><synapse><Synaptic><Synapses><Testing><Time><Trisomy><Universities><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><Washington><Work><Neurites><Mediating><career><dosage><Series><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><Amacrine Cells><Visual><Funding><gene function><Staging><programs><Complex><cell type><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Receptor Protein><receptor><nervous system development><neuronal loss><neuronal cell death><neuron cell death><neuron loss><soma><neuronal cell body><neural cell body><Cell Body><cell body (neuron)><light deprivation><molecular recognition><neural><relating to nervous system><Neural Development><neurodevelopment><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Reporting><Coding System><Code><Regulation><Modeling><genetic resource><axon growth cone guidance><axon guidance><preventing><prevent><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Homologue><Homolog><GeneHomolog><Homologous Gene><Developmental Process><cell stress><Cellular Stress><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><mutant mouse model><Retinal><Coupled><mouse model><monocular><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><overexpress><overexpression><neural patterning>
236                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Adhesions><Allelomorphs><Alleles><Alternative RNA Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative Splicing><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><Parturition><Birth><cell adhesion protein><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Cell Number><Cell Count><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Cells><Chromosome 21><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Genes><Goals><Incidence><Ligands><Photoradiation><Light><mouse mutant><Mutant Strains Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><Nervous system structure><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Neurosciences><Pathology><Patients><Phenotype><Play><Publishing><Research><Research Proposals><Retina><retinal ganglion><Ganglion Cells (Retina)><Retinal Ganglion Cells><Splicing><RNA Splicing><social role><Role><Stress><synapse><Synaptic><Synapses><Testing><Time><Trisomy><Universities><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><Washington><Work><Neurites><Mediating><career><dosage><Series><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><Amacrine Cells><Visual><Funding><gene function><Staging><programs><Complex><cell type><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Receptor Protein><receptor><nervous system development><neuronal loss><neuronal cell death><neuron cell death><neuron loss><soma><neuronal cell body><neural cell body><Cell Body><cell body (neuron)><light deprivation><molecular recognition><neural><relating to nervous system><Neural Development><neurodevelopment><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Reporting><Coding System><Code><Regulation><Modeling><genetic resource><axon growth cone guidance><axon guidance><preventing><prevent><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Homologue><Homolog><GeneHomolog><Homologous Gene><Developmental Process><cell stress><Cellular Stress><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><mutant mouse model><Retinal><Coupled><mouse model><monocular><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><overexpress><overexpression><neural patterning>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Award><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Research><Resort><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><health organization><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><parent grant><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><resistance gene><resistance locus><resistant gene><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Resort><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><helicase><health organization><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><cost><pathogen><bacterial pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><Prevalence><resistant><Resistance><multidisciplinary><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multi-drug resistant pathogen><resistance locus><resistant gene><resistance gene><experiment><experimental research><experimental study>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Affect><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Cause of Death><Cell Body><Cells><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Death><Cessation of life><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Modern Man><Human><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Resort><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multi-Drug Resistance><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><models and simulation><model-based simulation><repository><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Abate><Horizontal Gene Transfer><Lateral Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA unwinding enzyme><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA Helicases><health organization><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><multidrug resistant bacteria><multi-drug resistant bacteria><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multidrug resistant organism><multi-drug resistant organism><MDR pathogen><MDR organism><resistance gene><resistant gene><resistance locus><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Resort><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><health organization><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><resistance gene><resistance locus><resistant gene><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Affect><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotics><Bacteria><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Drug Therapy><Pharmacotherapy><Evolution><Future><Genes><Genotype><Goals><Health><History><Recording of previous events><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Phenotype><Plasmids><gene product><Proteins><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Replication Unit><Replicon><Research><Research Support><social role><Role><Time><Virulence><Work><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis><antibiotic resistant><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><Point Mutation><Sequence Analyses><SEQ-AN><Sequence Analysis><base><improved><Variation><Variant><Medical><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><Knowledge><Complex><Pattern><Formulation><Drug Formulations><interest><genetic element><simulation><novel><disease prevention><disorder prevention><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Reporting><Modeling><mathematical modeling><Math Models><mathematical model><genetic determinant><Genetic Determinism><genome sequencing><Address><fitness><Data><transfer of a gene><Gene Transfer><General Infectious Diseases / Treatment><infectious disease treatment><Hot Spots (Area of Increased Mortality)><Hot Spot><Molecular><developmental><Development><vector><cost><fight against><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><Population><resistant><Resistance><public health relevance>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Resort><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multi-Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><helicase><health organization><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><resistance gene><resistance locus><resistant gene><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Affect><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotics><Bacteria><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Drug Therapy><Pharmacotherapy><Evolution><Future><Genes><Genotype><Goals><Health><History><Recording of previous events><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Phenotype><Plasmids><gene product><Proteins><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Replication Unit><Replicon><Research><Research Support><social role><Role><Time><Virulence><Work><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis><antibiotic resistant><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><Point Mutation><Sequence Analyses><SEQ-AN><Sequence Analysis><base><improved><Variation><Variant><Medical><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><Knowledge><Complex><Pattern><Formulation><Drug Formulations><interest><genetic element><simulation><novel><disease prevention><disorder prevention><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Reporting><Modeling><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><genetic determinant><Genetic Determinism><genome sequencing><Address><fitness><Data><transfer of a gene><Gene Transfer><General Infectious Diseases / Treatment><infectious disease treatment><Hot Spots (Area of Increased Mortality)><Hot Spot><Molecular><developmental><Development><vector><cost><fight against><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><Population><resistant><Resistance><public health relevance>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Computer Simulation><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Pharmaceutical Preparations><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><Resort><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><models and simulation><model-based simulation><repository><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Abate><Horizontal Gene Transfer><Lateral Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA unwinding enzyme><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA Helicases><health organization><Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><multidrug resistant bacteria><multi-drug resistant bacteria><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><cost><pathogen><Prevalence><resistant><Resistance><multidisciplinary><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><novel therapeutics><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><new therapeutic target><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multidrug resistant organism><multi-drug resistant organism><MDR pathogen><MDR organism><multi-drug resistant pathogen><resistant gene><resistance locus><resistance gene><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Affect><Awareness><Dorsum><Back><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Boxing><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Engineering><Environment><genetic epistases><gene x gene interaction><Interaction Deviation><Epistatic Deviation><Epistasis><Genetic Epistasis><Evolution><Future><Genome><Genotype><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><Laboratories><Libraries><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Photoradiation><Light><Maps><Mathematics><Medicine><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Theoretic Models><Theoretical model><Motivation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><living system><Organism><Phenotype><Play><Population Sizes><gene product><Proteins><Research><social role><Role><Technology><Testing><Time><Vaccines><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Measures><Walking><base><Biological><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Error Sources><Knowledge><fighting><Frequency><Frequencies (time pattern)><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><pleiotropy><pleiotropism><success><life history><microbial><trait><simulation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><theories><mathematical modeling><Math Models><mathematical model><fitness><Data><Molecular><Modification><pathway><Pathway interactions><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><designing><design><Genome engineering><pathogen><resistant><Resistance><combat><public health relevance><flexible><flexibility><next generation sequencing>
246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><protein sequence><Primary Protein Structure><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Codon Nucleotides><Codon><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunization><Immunostimulation><Immunological Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunologic Sensitization><Libraries><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nigeria><Poliomyelitis><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Sabin Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Genome><virus genome><Viral Proteins><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Virulence><Virus><General Viruses><Generations><Measures><base><Variation><Variant><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><vaccine development><vaccine formulation><development of a vaccine><develop a vaccine><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid technique><rapid method><Pathogenicity><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><prevent><preventing><Address><Live-attenuated Vaccine><Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine><Transcript><Vaccine Design><pathway><Pathway interactions><fight against><designing><design><pathogen><Population><stem><vaccine response>
247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Affect><Awareness><Dorsum><Back><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Boxing><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Engineering><Environment><genetic epistases><gene x gene interaction><epistatic relationship><Interaction Deviation><Epistatic Deviation><Epistasis><Genetic Epistasis><Evolution><Future><Genome><Genotype><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><Laboratories><Libraries><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Photoradiation><Light><Maps><Math><Mathematics><Medicine><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Theoretic Models><Theoretical model><Motivation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><living system><Organism><Phenotype><Play><Population Sizes><gene product><Proteins><Research><social role><Role><Technology><Testing><Time><Vaccines><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Measures><Walking><base><Biological><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Error Sources><Knowledge><fighting><Frequency><Frequencies (time pattern)><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><pleiotropy><pleiotropism><success><life history><microbial><trait><simulation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><theories><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><fitness><Data><Molecular><Modification><pathway><Pathway interactions><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><designing><design><Genome engineering><pathogen><flexible><flexibility><next generation sequencing>
248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><Phages><bacterial virus><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Codon Nucleotides><Codon><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunization><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation><Libraries><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nigeria><Poliomyelitis><Acute Poliomyelitis><Polio><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Sabin Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><Live-attenuated Vaccine><live vaccine><live vaccines><Viral Genome><virus genome><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virulence><Virus><Generations><Measures><base><Variant><Variation><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><develop a vaccine><development of a vaccine><vaccine formulation><vaccine development><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid method><rapid technique><Pathogenicity><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><preventing><prevent><Address><Transcript><Vaccine Design><Pathway interactions><pathway><fight against><design><designing><Population><Consumption><stem><vaccine response><emerging pathogen><new pathogen><novel pathogen>
249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><protein sequence><Primary Protein Structure><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><Codon><Codon Nucleotides><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Outbreaks><Disease Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Immunostimulation><Immunological Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunization><Libraries><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Nigeria><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Poliomyelitis><Sabin Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><live vaccine><Attenuated Vaccines><virus genome><Viral Genome><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><Virulence><General Viruses><Virus><Generations><Measures><base><Variant><Variation><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><vaccine development><vaccine formulation><development of a vaccine><develop a vaccine><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid technique><rapid method><Pathogenicity><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><preventing><prevent><Address><Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine><Live-attenuated Vaccine><Transcript><Vaccine Design><Pathway interactions><pathway><fight against><design><designing><pathogen><Population><Consumption><stem><vaccine response>
250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><Phages><bacterial virus><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Codon Nucleotides><Codon><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunization><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation><Libraries><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nigeria><Poliomyelitis><Acute Poliomyelitis><Polio><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Sabin Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Genome><virus genome><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virulence><Virus><Generations><Measures><base><Variation><Variant><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><develop a vaccine><development of a vaccine><vaccine formulation><vaccine development><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid method><rapid technique><Pathogenicity><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><preventing><prevent><Address><Live-attenuated Vaccine><Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine><Transcript><Vaccine Design><pathway><Pathway interactions><fight against><designing><design><pathogen><Population><Consumption><stem><vaccine response>
251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Molecular Genetic Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Abnormality><Affect><virus antigen><Viral Antigens><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><Child Human><0-11 years old><Child><genetic mapping><Total Human and Non-Human Gene Mapping><Linkage Mapping><Gene Mapping Genetics><Gene Mapping><Gene Localization><Chromosome Mapping><Chromosomes><Salivary Gland Virus Disease><Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalovirus Infections><human cytomegalovirus><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><HCMV><CMV><Cytomegalovirus><Diagnosis><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><DNA Injury><DNA Damage><Unscheduled DNA Synthesis><DNA Damage Repair><DNA Repair><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><Downregulation><Down-Regulation (Physiology)><Down-Regulation><Enzymes><Exhibits><Fibroblasts><Genes><Goals><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Infant><Infection><Interphase><Mental Retardation><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Microcephaly><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Parents><Play><gene product><Proteins><Research><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Syndrome><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><Virus Particle><Virion><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><Myelin P0 Protein><Caring><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><FISH analysis><FISH Technique><FISH Technic><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><improved><Site><Area><Clinical><repair><repaired><Link><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Funding><congenital infection><Research Specimen><Specimen><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><brain tissue><fetal><interest><Auditory system><dimer><economic cost><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><nidogen-1><Sampling><response><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><preventing><prevent><Hypoacusis><Hypoacuses><Hearing Loss><hearing impairment><Defect><in vitro Model><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Phase><Monitor><Molecular><developmental><Development><neonate><Neonatal><Population><migration><public health relevance>
252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Molecular Genetic Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Abnormality><Affect><virus antigen><Viral Antigens><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><Child Human><0-11 years old><Child><genetic mapping><Total Human and Non-Human Gene Mapping><Linkage Mapping><Gene Mapping Genetics><Gene Mapping><Gene Localization><Chromosome Mapping><Chromosomes><Salivary Gland Virus Disease><Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalovirus Infections><human cytomegalovirus><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><HCMV><CMV><Cytomegalovirus><Diagnosis><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><DNA Injury><DNA Damage><Unscheduled DNA Synthesis><DNA Damage Repair><DNA Repair><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><Downregulation><Down-Regulation (Physiology)><Down-Regulation><Enzymes><Exhibits><Fibroblasts><Genes><Goals><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Infant><Infection><Interphase><Mental Retardation><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Microcephaly><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Parents><Play><gene product><Proteins><Research><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Syndrome><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><Virus Particle><Virion><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><Myelin P0 Protein><Caring><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><FISH analysis><FISH Technique><FISH Technic><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><improved><Site><Area><Clinical><repair><repaired><Link><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Funding><congenital infection><Research Specimen><Specimen><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><brain tissue><fetal><interest><Auditory system><dimer><economic cost><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><nidogen-1><Sampling><response><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><preventing><prevent><Hypoacusis><Hypoacuses><Hearing Loss><hearing impairment><Defect><in vitro Model><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Phase><Monitor><Molecular><developmental><Development><neonate><Neonatal><Population><migration><public health relevance>
253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Disadvantaged><Educational aspects><Education><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Salaries><Wages><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Seasons><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Development><developmental><novel strategies><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><STEM knowledge><STEM Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><laboratory technology><lab equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Hispanics><Latino><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><developmental><Development><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><tribal university><tribal college><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><undergraduate><undergraduate student><faculty mentor><higher education><lab equipment><laboratory technology><laboratory equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Affect><Award><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Investments><Mentors><Productivity><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Research><Science><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Universities><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Individual><Funding><Community Outreach><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><meetings><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><Services><science education><success><laboratory facility><research facility><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Diameter><Caliber><Health Sciences><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><next generation><undergraduate student>
256                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Evaluation><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><public health relevance><undergraduate student>
257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Salaries><Wages><Schools><medical college><school of medicine><medical schools><Science><Seasons><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Development><developmental><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><lab equipment><laboratory technology><Degree program><rural underserved><rural under served><Infrastructure><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><community engagement><Latino Population><Latino group><Latino individual><Latino people><Latinos><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics>
258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Savings><Science><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><medical school students><Medical Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><conflict resolution><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate research><Degree Completion><Degree Attainment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Degree program><education research><Diverse Workforce><Workplace Diversity><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><recruit><Infrastructure><education resources><educational resources>
259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Scientific Publication><Publications><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><medical college><school of medicine><medical schools><Science><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexibility><flexible><Secure><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><underserved students><under-served student><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure><community engagement>
260                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Award><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Death><necrocytosis><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Computer-Assisted Image Analysis><content based retrieval><Computers><Developmental Biology><Disease><Disorder><Environment><Faculty><Genes><Group Meetings><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Hypertrophy><Idaho><Investments><Ion Channel><Ionic Channels><Membrane Channels><Laboratories><Learning><macrophage><Mφ><Medical Imaging><Mentors><Modernization><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Parents><Phagocytes><Phagocytic Cell><amebocyte><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Time><Universities><Washington><Work><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Data Set><Dataset><Injury><injuries><Immunologist><base><career><improved><Image Analysis><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Area><Biological><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Training><ganglion cell><gangliocyte><Discipline><Rural><Fostering><Funding><Collaborations><gene function><Morphology><machine learned><Machine Learning><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><programs><Scientist><Pattern><Techniques><interest><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><computer science><melanopsin><Modeling><bio-imaging><biomedical imaging><bioimaging><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Neural Stem Cell><neural precursor><neural precursor cell><neural progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neuron progenitors><neuronal progenitor><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal stem cells><neuroprogenitor><nerve stem cell><Molecular Computers><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Data><Apoptotic><Principal Investigator><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><optical imaging><optic imaging><virtual><Computer Assisted><computer aided><pathogen><Population><migration><innovation><innovate><innovative><daughter cell><biological research><vision science><visual science><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><quantitative imaging><Data Science><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><analysis pipeline><automated analysis><confocal imaging><large datasets><large data sets><rapid testing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Award><Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Graduate Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><college><collegiate><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Authorization documentation><Authorization><Permission><Development><developmental><forging><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><tribal university><tribal college><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><undergraduate education><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><faculty mentor><higher education><lab equipment><laboratory technology><laboratory equipment><Degree program><rural under served><rural underserved><Infrastructure><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience><community engagement><Latino Population><Latino group><Latino individual><Latino people><Latinos><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics><graduate school>
262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Biology><Biomedical Research><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><computer program><computer programming><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><MD students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Training and Education><Education and Training><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><drug development><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><computer aided><Computer Assisted><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><new drug treatments><new drugs><new pharmacological therapeutic><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel pharmaco-therapeutic><novel pharmacological therapeutic><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><allergen response><allergy response><allergic response><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Ph D student><Ph D. student><Ph. D. student><Ph.D student><Ph.D. student><PhD student><PhD. student><doctoral student><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><built environment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Articulation><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Complement Proteins><Research Personnel><Research Support><Biomedical Research><Research><Mentors><Education><Complement><Idaho><Educational aspects><Students><programs><Fostering><Collaborations><Investigators><Researchers>
264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Disadvantaged><Educational aspects><Education><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Salaries><Wages><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Seasons><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Development><developmental><novel strategies><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><STEM knowledge><STEM Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><laboratory technology><lab equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Proteins><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><Running><Science><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><United States Department of Agriculture><US Department of Agriculture><USDA><Site><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optical imaging><optic imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><innovation><innovate><innovative><computing resources><computational resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><faculty mentor><laboratory experiment><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><Degree program><education research><equipment acquisition><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><online resource><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><bioinformatics resource><bio-informatics resource><Infrastructure><bioinformatics tool><bio-informatics tool><education resources><educational resources><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Academy><Adipose tissue><Fatty Tissue><adipose><white adipose tissue><yellow adipose tissue><Affect><Age><ages><Award><Bioenergetics><Biogenesis><Origin of Life><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Diabetes Mellitus><diabetes><Environment><Foundations><Genes><Glucose Intolerance><Goals><Idaho><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Infant><Insulin Resistance><insulin resistant><Investments><Laboratory Research><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Maternal Health><Metabolic Diseases><Metabolic Disorder><Thesaurismosis><metabolism disorder><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Electron Microscopy><Milk><Mitochondria><mitochondrial><Mothers><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Parents><Pathology><Pediatrics><Physiology><Play><Poverty><Impoverished><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Public Health><Publications><Scientific Publication><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Respiration><respiratory mechanism><Risk><Role><social role><Rural Population><Science><Shotguns><shot gun><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tribes><Universities><Woman><Work><World Health Organization><Measures><Women's Health><Female Health><Gestational Diabetes><Gestational Diabetes Mellitus><Pregnancy-Induced Diabetes><pregnancy diabetes><Hispanics><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Rural Community><density><Label><improved><Clinical><Physiological><Physiologic><Infant Health><Link><Rural><diabetic><Oxidative Stress><Skeletal Muscle><Voluntary Muscle><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Native Americans><Cell Respiration><Cellular Respiration><aerobic metabolism><aerobic respiration><oxidative metabolism><Metabolic><Morphology><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Techniques><Services><American><experience><Performance><success><RT-PCR><RTPCR><reverse transcriptase PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><professor><Structure><graduate student><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><Proteomics><Adverse effects><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Mammary gland><disparity in health><health disparity><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Insulin Signaling Pathway><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><Pathway interactions><pathway><Underserved Population><under served group><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved people><next generation><Outcome><Population><Diabetic mother><innovation><innovate><innovative><Impairment><ethnic minority population><ethnic minority><mitochondrial dysfunction><maternal diabetes><therapy development><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><type I and type II diabetes><type 1 and type 2 diabetes><pregnant><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><infant morbidity/mortality><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><maternal morbidity><student training><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><racial minority><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><milk production><produce milk><milk supply><milk volume><Insulin deficiency><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><mammary>
267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Age><ages><Biology><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Communities><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Environment><Genome><Geography><Health><Health education><Health Instruction><Health Tutoring><Holidays><Hospitals><Idaho><Immunization><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation><Influenza><Grippe><Laboratories><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Primary Care Physician><Public Health><Publishing><Research><Research Design><Study Type><study design><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Testing><Time><Travel><Universities><Viral Genome><virus genome><Work><Gender><Rural Community><Socioeconomic Status><Socio-economic status><socio-economic position><socioeconomic position><Journals><Magazine><Sequence Analysis><SEQ-AN><Sequence Analyses><base><improved><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Link><Rural><Policies><Mandatory Testing><Mandatory Screening><Funding><Collaborations><Deposit><Deposition><programs><Event><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><age group><success><college student><university student><Genbank><Appearance><Position><Positioning Attribute><Sampling><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><data processing><computerized data processing><genome sequencing><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Resource Sharing><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><pandemic disease><pandemic><Health Professional><Health Care Professional><Healthcare professional><Metadata><meta data><Outcome><Population><Coupled><surveillance study><data sharing><Institutional Review Boards><IRB><IRBs><genome analysis><study population><rural underserved><rural under served><welfare><Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments><2019-nCoV><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><hCoV19><nCoV2><bioinformatics infrastructure><bio-informatics  infrastructure><viral genomics><virus genomics><infection rate><rate of infection><SARS-CoV-2 positive><COVID-19 positive><COVID-19 positivity><COVID19 positive><COVID19 positivity><SARS-CoV-2 positivity><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity><coronavirus disease 2019 positive><coronavirus disease 2019 positivity><COVID testing><coronavirus disease testing><coronavirus testing><COVID-19 testing><COVID19 testing><SARS-CoV-2 testing><coronavirus disease 2019 testing><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing><underserved area><under served area><under served geographic area><under served location><under served region><underserved geographic area><underserved location><underserved region><data repository><Data Banks><Databanks><data depository><SARS-CoV-2 transmission><COVID-19 transmission><COVID-19 virus transmission><coronavirus disease 2019 transmission><coronavirus disease 2019 virus transmission><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission><transmitted COVID-19><transmitted SARS-CoV-2><transmitted coronavirus disease 2019><transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><SARS-CoV-2 variant><2019-nCoV variant><2019-nCoV variant forms><2019-nCoV variant strains><COVID-19 variant><COVID-19 variant forms><COVID-19 variant strains><SARS-CoV-2 variant forms><SARS-CoV-2 variant strains><coronavirus disease 2019 variant><coronavirus disease 2019 variant forms><coronavirus disease 2019 variant strains><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant forms><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant strains><SARS-CoV-2 genome><COVID-19 genome><COVID-19 virus genome><COVID19 genome><COVID19 virus genome><SARS-CoV2 genome><coronavirus disease 2019 genome><coronavirus disease 2019 virus genome><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genome>
268                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Hispanics><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Latino><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Development><developmental><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><lab equipment><laboratory technology><Degree program><rural underserved><rural under served><Infrastructure><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><community engagement>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Savings><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><conflict resolution><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate research><Degree Completion><Degree Attainment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Degree program><education research><Diverse Workforce><Workplace Diversity><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><recruit><Infrastructure><education resources><educational resources>
270                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Running><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><Site><Area><Training><Educational workshop><Workshop><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Data Storage and Retrieval><data retrieval><data storage><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optical imaging><optic imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><innovation><innovate><innovative><computing resources><computational resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><faculty mentor><laboratory experiment><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><Degree program><education research><equipment acquisition><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><online resource><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><bioinformatics resource><bio-informatics resource><Infrastructure><bioinformatics tool><bio-informatics tool><education resources><educational resources><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
271                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Evaluation><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><public health relevance><undergraduate student>
272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Biomedical Research><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><MD students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Training and Education><Education and Training><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Ph D student><Ph D. student><Ph. D. student><Ph.D student><Ph.D. student><PhD student><PhD. student><doctoral student><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><built environment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Articulation><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Abbreviations><Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><Area><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><NIGMS><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexible><flexibility><Secure><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Underrepresented Students><under-served student><underserved students><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure><community engagement>
274                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Aging><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><computing hardware><Equipment><Faculty><Genome><Idaho><Investments><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Software Engineering><Computer Software Development><Computer Software Engineering><Universities><Technical Expertise><technical skills><improved><Site><Research Activity><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><Collaborations><programs><System><college><collegiate><Services><experience><High Performance Computing><high-end computing><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Funding Mechanisms><computational infrastructure><computer infrastructure><Secure><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><equipment acquisition><Data Science><deep learning><Infrastructure><Data Science Resource Core><Data Science Core>
275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Educational aspects><Education><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><improved><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><public health relevance><undergraduate student><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Workforce Development>
276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Evaluation><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate student>
277                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Dedications><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Running><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Time><Universities><US Department of Agriculture><USDA><United States Department of Agriculture><improved><Site><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><college><collegiate><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><repository><depository><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Qualifying><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Specialized Center><P50 Mechanism><P50 Program><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optic imaging><optical imaging><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><innovate><innovative><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><Secure><operations><operation><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptomic sequencing><transcriptome sequencing><Assessment instrument><Assessment tool><student training><faculty mentor><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><laboratory experiment><Degree program><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><equipment acquisition><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><online resource><DNA seq><DNAseq><DNA sequencing><bio-informatics resource><bioinformatics resource><Infrastructure><bio-informatics tool><bioinformatics tool><educational resources><education resources><genomic data resource><genomic resource><genomic sequencing resource><genome resource><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
278                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Affect><Astrocytes><Astrocytus><Astroglia><astrocytic glia><Award><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Biomedical Research><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Brain Neoplasms><Brain Neoplasia><Brain Tumors><tumors in the brain><Calcium><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell Membrane Permeability><membrane permeability><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Analytical Chemistry><Analytic Chemistry><High Pressure Liquid Chromatography><HPLC><High Performance Liquid Chromatography><High Speed Liquid Chromatography><Environment><Epithelium><Epithelium Part><Feedback><Future><Gene Expression><Glioblastoma><Grade IV Astrocytic Neoplasm><Grade IV Astrocytic Tumor><Grade IV Astrocytoma><glioblastoma multiforme><spongioblastoma multiforme><Glioma><Glial Cell Tumors><Glial Neoplasm><Glial Tumor><Neuroglial Neoplasm><Neuroglial Tumor><glial-derived tumor><neuroglia neoplasm><neuroglia tumor><Glutamates><L-Glutamate><glutamatergic><Goals><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Laboratories><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Learning><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Necrosis><Necrotic><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Pathology><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Survival Rate><Talents><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Glutamate Receptor><Measures><Brain Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Brain><Malignant neoplasm of brain><Conditioned Medium><Conditioned Culture Media><injuries><Injury><base><improved><Site><Physiologic><Physiological><Epithelial><Endothelial Cells><Blood Serum><Serum><Hypoxic><Oxygen Deficiency><Hypoxia><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Funding><Agonist><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><Co-culture><Cocultivation><Coculture><Coculture Techniques><Exposure to><Malignant Cell><cancer cell><Knowledge><programs><cell biology><Cellular biology><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><Tumor Cell><neoplastic cell><Receptor Protein><receptor><tumor growth><professor><Calcium Ion Signaling><Calcium Signaling><novel><Modeling><monolayer><Short interfering RNA><siRNA><Small Interfering RNA><Institution><Receptor Gene><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Supporting Cell><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Tumor-Derived><Molecular><developmental><Development><migration><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><tumor><effective treatment><effective therapy><ratiometric><undergraduate><undergraduate student><student-led learning><student mentoring><Research Assistant><BBB permeabilization><BBB permeable><blood-brain barrier permeable><bloodbrain barrier permeabilization><bloodbrain barrier permeable><blood-brain barrier permeabilization>
279                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexibility><flexible><Secure><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><underserved students><under-served student><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure><community engagement>
280                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Savings><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><developmental><Development><under served population><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
281                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Hispanics><Latino><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><developmental><Development><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><tribal university><tribal college><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><undergraduate><undergraduate student><faculty mentor><higher education><lab equipment><laboratory technology><laboratory equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Eligibility Determination><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Environment><Faculty><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Science><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Technology><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><public health relevance><undergraduate><undergraduate student><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Workforce Development>
283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biomedical Research><Educational aspects><Education><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Science><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Technology><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><public health relevance><undergraduate student><undergraduate><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Workforce Development>
284                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <designing><design><Food Access><Outcome><Population><frontier><Prevalence><prospective><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><depressed mother><maternal depression><perinatal health><demographics><intervention design><treatment design><therapy design><high risk><pregnant><perinatal depression><peripartum depression><education access><negative affectivity><negative affect><recruit><dietary guidelines><Child Health><perinatal phase><perinatal period><poor diet><Unhealthy Diet><perinatal women><rural under represented><rural underrepresented><under served community><underserved community><dietary><Affect><Anxiety><Attention><Award><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><kids><youngster><Choline><Cognition><Mental Depression><depression><Diet><diets><Disease><Disorder><Employment><Food><Future><Goals><Health><Household><Idaho><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><incomes><Intervention Studies><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Iodine><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Longevity><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Marital Status><Memory><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Methodology><Montana><Mothers><nutrition><Nutritional Requirements><nutrient requirement><Parents><parent><Patients><Physicians><Pregnancy><Gestation><Pregnant Women><expectant mother><expecting mother><pregnant mothers><Prenatal care><pregnancy care><prenatal appointment><prenatal checkup><prenatal visit><Public Health><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stress><Students><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Testing><Translating><United States><Vitamin B Complex><Neurobion><Vitamin B><Vitamin D><VIT D><Woman><Work><Wyoming><Measures><Women's Health><Female Health><US Department of Agriculture><USDA><United States Department of Agriculture><health care><Healthcare><post-partum><Postpartum Period><Specialist><Guidelines><Peripartum><Perinatal><improved><diet education><nutrition education><Acute><Chronic><Variation><Variant><psychological><psychologic><Neurological><Neurologic><Training><mental><Psyche structure><Individual><Rural><satisfaction><Personal awareness><Self image><Self view><self awareness><self knowledge><Self Perception><Sample Size><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Education for Intervention><Instruction Intervention><Training Intervention><instructional intervention><Educational Intervention><tool><Knowledge><programs><cognitive function><Well in self><Emotional well being><Feels well><Normal mental condition><Normal mental state><Normal psyche><Psychological Well Being><Sense of well-being><emotional wellbeing><emotional wellness><mental well-being><mental wellbeing><mental wellness><psychological wellbeing><psychological wellness><self wellness><sense of wellbeing><Complex><Pattern><physical conditioning><physical health><fetal><behavior change><American><mother nutrition><Maternal Nutrition><Maternal diet><maternal nutrition during pregnancy><cohort><Nutrient><Study Subject><social><Intervention Trial><Interventional trial><Emotional><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><executive function><executive control><reduce risk><reduce risks><reduce that risk><reduce the risk><reduce these risks><reduces risk><reduces the risk><reducing risk><reducing the risk><risk-reducing><Risk Reduction><Dietary intake><Low income><Administrative Supplement><Data><Dietary Practices><dietary pattern><Educational Materials><High Prevalence><Randomized><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Cognitive><Observational Study><Observation research><Observation study><Observational research><Nutritional><nutritious><Development><developmental><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population>
285                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <absorption><Affect><Clinical Treatment Moab><mAbs><monoclonal Abs><Monoclonal Antibodies><Asthma><Bronchial Asthma><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><computer program><computer programming><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Couples><Atopic Dermatitis><Atopic Eczema><Atopic Neurodermatitis><Disseminated Neurodermatitis><allergic dermatitis><allergic eczema><Dinucleoside Phosphates><dinucleotide><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Environment><Future><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Hypersensitivity><Allergy><Hypoxanthines><Idaho><Intravenous infusion procedures><IV Infusion><intravenous infusion><Interleukin-4><B cell growth factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><BCDF-1><BCGF><BCGF-1><BCSF 1><BSF-1><BSF1><Binetrakin><IL-4><IL4 Protein><Interleukin-4 Precursor><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><MCGF-2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Investments><Laboratories><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Learning><Libraries><Ligands><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><mortality><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Niacinamide><Vitamin B 3><Vitamin B3><Vitamin PP><3-Pyridinecarboxamide><Nicotinamide><Nicotinamidum><Nicotinic acid amide><Nicotylamide><Pellagra-Preventing Factor><Quality of life><QOL><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Students><Talents><Testing><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Work><Immunology><career><biologic><Biological><IL-13><IL13><Interleukin-13><Training><excretion><Excretory function><Fostering><Funding><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Life><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><Scientist><Complex><System><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><experience><receptor><Receptor Protein><receptor binding><receptor bound><biomedical scientist><synergism><pharmacophore><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Free Energy><Structure><novel><graduate student><lung Carcinoma><Allergic><Modeling><drug development><Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship><QSAR><Quantitiative Structure Activity Relationship><drug discovery><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><Effectiveness><IL13RA1 gene><IL-13Ra><IL13RA1><Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha><Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha 1><NR4><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Molecular Profiling><Molecular Fingerprinting><molecular profile><molecular signature><Mouse Cell Line><Receptor Signaling><Supporting Cell><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Ligand Binding><Malignant Epithelial Cell><Carcinoma Cell><Validation><validations><Molecular><Development><developmental><knockdown><knock-down><computer aided><Computer Assisted><designing><design><allergic airway epithelium inflammation><allergic airway inflammation><Outcome><Coupled><shRNA><short hairpin RNA><small hairpin RNA><human disease><new drug treatments><new drugs><new pharmacological therapeutic><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel pharmaco-therapeutic><novel pharmacological therapeutic><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><murine model><mouse model><A549><candidate identification><drug candidate><allergen response><allergy response><allergic response><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><screenings><screening><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><Data Science><Infrastructure><in silico><Data Science Resource Core><Data Science Core><3-D visualization><3-dimensional visualization><3D visualization><three-dimensional visualization><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Biomedical Research><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><MD students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Training and Education><Education and Training><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Ph D student><Ph D. student><Ph. D. student><Ph.D student><Ph.D. student><PhD student><PhD. student><doctoral student><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><built environment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Articulation><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Aging><Allelomorphs><Alleles><Award><Broxuridine><Bromouracil Deoxyriboside><BrdU><BUdR><5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine><5-Budr><5-Bromouracil-2-deoxyriboside><5-Bromouracil deoxyriboside><5-Bromodeoxyuridine><5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine><5-BrdU><Bromodeoxyuridine><cell sorting><Cell Separation Technology><Cell Segregation><Cell Isolation><Cell Separation><Cells><Embryonic><Embryo><Eyeball><Eye><Gene Expression><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene-Tx><Gene Transfer Procedure><Gene Transfer Clinical><Gene Therapy Molecular Biology><DNA Therapy><gene therapy><Genes><Goals><Grant><Hedgehogs><Erinaceidae><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><Maintenance><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Pathology><Patients><Phenotype><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Research><Retina><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Technology><Testing><Time><transplant><Transplantation><trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Retinoic Acid><All-trans retinoic acid><ATRA><(All-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic Acid><Tretinoin><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Generations><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Molecular Genetics><Mediating><base><Acute><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><cone cell><Cones (Retina)><Cones (Eye)><Cone Photoreceptors><Cone><Retinal Cone><Evaluation><Visual><damage to retina><retinal damage><Gene Targeting><Funding><Replacement Therapy><Genetic><tool><Rods and Cones><Vertebrate Photoreceptors><Life><Hereditary><Inherited><Event><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><extracellular><mutant><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Prevention><Reporting><neurogenesis><Regulation><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><response><gene expression microarray><GeneChip><Gene Expression Chip><Gene Chips><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><hh signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling><Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway><smoothened signaling pathway><degenerative disease><degenerative condition><Degenerative Disorder><gene replacement therapy><Defect><in vivo><Collection><Molecular><developmental><Development><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><age dependent><age related><Retinal><Population><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><retinal progenitor cell><2-dimensional><two-dimensional><loss of function><progenitor>
288                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><ophthalmopathy><eye disorder><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><Immersion Investigative Technique><Immersion><In Vitro><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><near vision><Nearsightedness><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Primates><Primates Mammals><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Retinoic Acid><ATRA><Vertebrates><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promoter><promotor><Injury><base><Series><cone cell><Cone Photoreceptors><Retinal Cone><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><analog><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><Stargardt-3><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt disease><STGD3 disease><STGD3><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Stargardt's disease><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Dimensions><Event><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><cell type><Pattern><receptor><Receptor Protein><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleost fish><teleostfish><teleostean fish><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><embryo stage 2><Blastomere><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><paralog><paralogous gene><human stem cells><Retinal><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><iPSCs><iPSC><iPS><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><regenerative><Cone><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><differential expression><global transcription profile><global gene expression><transcriptome><human model><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation>
289                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><eye disorder><ophthalmopathy><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><Nearsightedness><near vision><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Primates><Primates Mammals><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Regulatory Regions><genetic regulatory element><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><ATRA><Retinoic Acid><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Vitamin A Acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><trans-Retinoic Acid><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promotor><promoter><injuries><Injury><base><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><genetic manipulation><Series><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Retinal Cone><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age-Related Maculopathy><age related macular dystrophy><senile macular disease><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><analog><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><STGD3><STGD3 disease><Stargardt disease><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt-3><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt's disease><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Event><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleostean fish><teleostfish><teleost fish><Human X Chromosome><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><paralog><paralogous gene><human stem cells><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><regenerative><Cone><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><differential expression><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation><Immersion>
290                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><eye disorder><ophthalmopathy><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><Nearsightedness><near vision><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Photoreceptors><Primates Mammals><Primates><Public Health><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Regulatory Regions><genetic regulatory element><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Retina><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Degeneration><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Diseases><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinal Pigments><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoids><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Thyroid Hormones><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><ATRA><Retinoic Acid><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Vitamin A Acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><trans-Retinoic Acid><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promoter><promotor><Injury><injuries><base><genetic manipulation><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><Series><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age-Related Maculopathy><age related macular dystrophy><senile macular disease><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><analog><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><STGD3><STGD3 disease><Stargardt disease><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt-3><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt's disease><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Event><Clinic><cell type><Pattern><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleost fish><teleostean fish><teleostfish><Human X Chromosome><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><paralogous gene><paralog><human stem cells><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><inducible pluripotent stem cell><vision science><visual science><regenerative><Cone><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><in vivo evaluation><in vivo testing><Immersion><cell replacement therapy><cell replacement treatment><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><differentiation protocol><translational applications>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Embryonic><Embryo><gene therapy><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene-Tx><Gene Transfer Procedure><Gene Transfer Clinical><Gene Therapy Molecular Biology><DNA Therapy><Genes><Goals><Grant><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Patients><Phenotype><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Plastics><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions, Nucleic Acid (Genetics)><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Retina><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Degeneration><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinal Pigments><Tapetoretinal Degeneration><Rod-Cone Dystrophy><Pigmentary Retinopathy><Retinitis Pigmentosa><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoids><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Technology><Testing><Time><transplant><Transplantation><Treatment Schedule><Treatment Regimen><Treatment Protocols><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Rod-Opsin><Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Molecular Genetics><Mediating><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><in situ Hybridization Genetics><In Situ Hybridization><Injury><base><genetic manipulation><Label><Series><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><cone cell><Cones (Retina)><Cones (Eye)><Cone Photoreceptors><Retinal Cone><Lesion><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><Funding><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Genetic><Life><Event><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><extracellular><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Reporting><sorting><Sorting - Cell Movement><Regulation><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><response><genetic resource><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><gene replacement therapy><small molecule><Retinoid Receptor><Tet><Tetanus Helper Peptide><in vivo><Molecular><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><stem cell differentiation><Retinal><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><retinal progenitor cell><loss of function><photoreceptor progenitor><progenitor><iPSC><iPS><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><retinal neuron><public health relevance><regenerative><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing><Cone>
292                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><eye disorder><ophthalmopathy><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><Nearsightedness><near vision><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Primates><Primates Mammals><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Regulatory Regions><genetic regulatory element><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><ATRA><Retinoic Acid><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Vitamin A Acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><trans-Retinoic Acid><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promoter><promotor><Injury><injuries><base><genetic manipulation><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><Series><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age related macular degeneration><Age-Related Maculopathy><age related macular dystrophy><senile macular disease><Measurement><analog><Stargardt's disease><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><STGD3><STGD3 disease><Stargardt disease><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt-3><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><fundus flavimaculatus><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Event><Clinic><cell type><Pattern><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleostean fish><teleostfish><teleost fish><Human X Chromosome><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><paralogous gene><paralog><human stem cells><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><vision science><visual science><regenerative><Cone><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><in vivo evaluation><in vivo testing><Immersion><cell replacement therapy><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><differentiation protocol>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Disorder><Disease><Exons><ophthalmopathy><eye disorder><Eye diseases><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Modern Man><Human><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><In Vitro><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Mammalia><Mammals><Methods><near vision><Nearsightedness><Myopia><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Primates Mammals><Primates><Public Health><Publishing><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Retina><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Degeneration><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinal Pigments><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoids><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Thyroid Hormones><transplant><Transplantation><trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Retinoic Acid><ATRA><Tretinoin><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><X Chromosome><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Rod-Opsin><Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promotor><promoter><Injury><base><Series><Retinal Cone><cone cell><Cone Photoreceptors><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age related macular degeneration><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Measurement><analog><Stargardt's disease><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><Stargardt-3><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt disease><STGD3 disease><STGD3><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Dimensions><Event><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><cell type><Pattern><3-Dimensional><3D><3-D><receptor><Receptor Protein><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleost fish><teleostfish><teleostean fish><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><paralogous gene><paralog><human stem cells><Retinal><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPSCs><iPSC><iPS><vision science><visual science><regenerative><Cone><differential expression><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><human model><in vivo evaluation><in vivo testing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Program Development><recruit><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><Pump><improved><Phase><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Machine Learning><Dependence><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Services><data management><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><molecular modeling><simulation><Social Support System><Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><datamining><data mining><Data><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><computational infrastructure><computer infrastructure><flexible><flexibility><operation><Systems Development>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Program Development><recruit><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><improved><Phase><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Machine Learning><Dependence><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Services><data management><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><molecular modeling><simulation><Social Support System><Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><datamining><data mining><Data><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><computational infrastructure><computer infrastructure><flexible><flexibility><operation><Systems Development>
296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <United States National Institutes of Health><Computer software><Weaning><Universities><Businesses><Investments><Equipment><Institutes><Idaho><Award><Future><Research Personnel><Evolution><Resources><Mission><Feedback><Fees><Molecular Models><Program Development><Recruitment Activity><Research><Biomedical Research><Bioinformatics><simulation><Dependence><Modeling><System><Genomics><molecular modeling><Support System><Research Project Grants><Machine Learning><Development><Fee-for-Service Plans><computing resources><Funding><Services><data management><innovation><Pump><Phase><improved><computer infrastructure><flexibility><operation><Systems Development><Computational algorithm><Data><Process><Centers of Research Excellence><data mining><Investigators><Researchers><Research Resources><NIH><National Institutes of Health><recruit><Software><computer program/software><kernel methods><statistical learning><support vector machine><LOINC Axis 4 System><Fees for Service><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><computational infrastructure><flexible><Social Support System><developmental><innovate><innovative><computational resources><computer algorithm><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><datamining><Bio-Informatics>
297                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Solutions><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation>
298                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotechnology><Faculty><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Industry><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Work><Writing><Generations><conference><symposium><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><career><Series><Training><Rural><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home><Home environment><interest><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><Performance><science education><college student><university student><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Public><General Population><Research Ethics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underserved minority><under-represented minority><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate research>
299                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Running><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Universities><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Data Bases><data base><Databases><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Complex><System><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><work group><working group><website><web site><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy>
300                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Attention><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Environment><Foundations><Population Genetics><Goals><Health><Health Promotion><Salutogenesis><promoting health><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Irritable Bowel Syndrome><Irritable Colon><Mucous Colitis><spastic colon><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Methodology><Modernization><Population Dynamics><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Time><Toxin><Translating><Work><Clostridium difficile><C diff><C difficile><C. diff><C. difficile><Clostridioides difficile><Measures><Mediating><base><repair><repaired><Phase><Biological><Series><Individual><α-Toxin><alpha Toxin><tool><Complex><interest><microbial interaction><microorganism interaction><microbial><trait><novel><member><Statistical Methods><Modeling><Property><theories><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Data><developmental><Development><microbiome><human-associated microbiome><Human Microbiome><designing><design><resilience><Outcome><pathogen><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><resistant><Resistance><community microbes><microbial community><Microbe><clinical relevance><clinically relevant><high risk><vaginal biome><vaginal microbiome><Microbiomics><microbiome science><microbiome studies><microbiome research><data processing pipeline><data analysis pipeline>
301                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Data Analyses><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Escherichia coli><E. coli><E coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stains><Staining method><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Yersinia pestis><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Y pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><college><collegiate><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Positioning Attribute><Position><IACUC><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><International><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Collection><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate><undergraduate student><student training><formative evaluation><formative assessment><Workforce Development>
302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><recruit><active recruitment><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Stress><Universities><Interdisciplinary Communication><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><senior faculty><full professor>
303                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Mission><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Software><Computer software><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Data Set><Dataset><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><Services><Training and Education><data management><science education><high-end computing><High Performance Computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment>
304                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Biological Preservation><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Production><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Rodent><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Facilities Construction Grants><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><murine model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student><undergraduate><training opportunity>
305                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Disorder><Disease><Educational aspects><Education><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><college><collegiate><Services><success><models and simulation><model-based simulation><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><metabolomics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><next generation sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging>
306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Developing Countries><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Human><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligands><Mentors><Genetic Polymorphism><polymorphism><Publishing><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Societies><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><matrix Gla protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Calcified><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Individual><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><protein expression><prevent><preventing><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><protein function><mineralization><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><arthropathies><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><Joint Instability><Joints><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligaments><Articular ligaments><joint ligament><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><Musculoskeletal Diseases><musculoskeletal disorder><Degenerative polyarthritis><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><Mechanics><mechanical><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Dimensions><restoration><Inferior><Visit><Cell Proliferation><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><viscoelasticity><Speed><Structure><simulation><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><functional restoration><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><Formulation><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><mechanical properties><Modulus><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Pain><Painful><Peer Review><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><undergraduate><undergraduate student><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><Atherosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Biology><Biomedical Research><Blood Vessels><vascular><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Developing Countries><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Disease><Disorder><Elasticity><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Homeostasis><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Human><Modern Man><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligands><Mentors><Genetic Polymorphism><polymorphism><Publishing><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Societies><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix Gla protein><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch protein><notch receptors><notch><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><Calcified><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Individual><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><protein expression><prevent><preventing><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><protein function><mineralization><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
310                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Algorithms><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Research><Clinical Trials><Collagen><Computing Methodologies><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><arthropathies><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><Joint Instability><Joints><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligaments><Articular ligaments><joint ligament><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><Musculoskeletal Diseases><musculoskeletal disorder><Degenerative polyarthritis><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><Mechanics><mechanical><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Dimensions><restoration><Inferior><Visit><Cell Proliferation><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><viscoelasticity><Speed><Structure><simulation><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><functional restoration><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><therapy development><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><targeted treatment><Formulation><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical properties><Modulus><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><societal costs>
311                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotechnology><Biotech><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><Face><facial><faces><Faculty><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Language><Methodology><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Social Environment><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Time><Vision><visual function><Sight><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Nature><Complex><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><interest><Visit><meetings><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Services><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovative><innovate><innovation><biological research><coinfection><co-infection><Formulation>
312                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Wages><Salaries><Technology><Time><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><organizational structure><Organization Charts><Positioning Attribute><Position><Regulation><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation><formative assessment><formative evaluation>
313                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Technology><Universities><Generations><technical skills><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Reporting><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Single Base Polymorphism><Polymorphism Analysis><Polymorphism Detection><Sampling><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Data><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Sanger Sequencing><Education and Outreach><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><genomic data>
314                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Running><Stress><Universities><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Interdisciplinary Communication><Measures><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><senior faculty><full professor>
315                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Affect><Cause of Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cell Body><Cells><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><statistical analysis><Statistical Data Analysis><Statistical Data Analyses><Statistical Data Interpretation><Disorder><Disease><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Human><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><In Vitro><Infection><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lung><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung diseases><lung disorder><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Organism><living system><Pathology><Patients><Research><Respiratory System><respiratory tract><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Testing><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Respiratory Tracts><Respiratory tract structure><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load result><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Event><Lower respiratory tract structure><lower respiratory tract><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><pathogen><Population><mouse model><murine model><mathematical analysis><mathematics analysis><math analysis><pediatric patients><child patients><co-infection><coinfection><diagnostic assay><transcriptome><outcome prediction><predictors of outcomes><predictive outcomes><molecular diagnostics><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation><formative assessment><formative evaluation>
317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><technical skills><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><genomic data>
318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligands><Mentors><polymorphism><Genetic Polymorphism><Publishing><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Societies><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix Gla protein><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch protein><notch receptors><notch><Mediating><Transcriptional Activation><Transcription Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><protein expression><preventing><prevent><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><protein function><mineralization>
319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Educational aspects><Education><Medical Education><Environment><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><intern><Internships><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Savings><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><medical school students><Medical Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><Businesses><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><conflict resolution><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><Committee Members><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><Underserved Population><underserved people><under served population><Outcome><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><STEM knowledge><STEM Education><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><undergraduate research><Degree Completion><Degree Attainment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Degree program><education research><Diverse Workforce><Workplace Diversity><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><recruit><Infrastructure><education resources><educational resources>
320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><balance function><balance><Equilibrium><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Investments><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Mentors><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Scientific Publication><Publications><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><NIGMS><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexibility><flexible><Secure><undergraduate student><undergraduate><Underrepresented Students><Underserved Students><under-served student><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure>
321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Educational aspects><Education><Medical Education><E. coli><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stains><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Y pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Yersinia pestis><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><Staining method><Stainings><college><collegiate><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Positioning Attribute><Position><IACUC><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><International><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Collection><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><undergraduate student><undergraduate><student training><formative assessment><formative evaluation><Workforce Development>
322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Affect><Behavior><Biological Factors><Biologic Factor><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><computing method><computer methods><computer based method><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><healthcare policy><health care policy><Health Policy><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Infection><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Influenza><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probability><Public Health><isolation/quarantine><Quarantine><Recommendation><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Respiratory Infections><Respiratory Tract Infections><Schools><Sleep><Vaccination><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Social Network><base><improved><Specific qualifier value><Specified><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamics><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Predisposition><Susceptibility><insight><Individual><Bayesian Analysis><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian computation><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home environment><Home><Source><Pattern><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><social><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Institution><Data><Computational Technique><Vaccinated><transmission process><Transmission><Characteristics><Process><computerized tools><computational tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexibility><flexible><co-infection><coinfection><behavioral response><behavior response><human pathogen>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Patient Care Delivery><Patient Care><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Training and Infrastructure><Development><developmental><design><designing><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure>
324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Adhesions><Adhesives><Basement membrane><Biology><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><Blood-Brain Barrier><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Disorder><Disease><Downregulation><Down-Regulation><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><EAE><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Followup Studies><Follow-Up Studies><genomic therapy><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene Transfer Clinical><DNA Therapy><gene therapy><Genes><Goals><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Integrins><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><insular sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><Multiple Sclerosis><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Permeability><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><social role><Role><Running><seal><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><cerebrovascular accident><cerebral vascular accident><brain attack><Cerebrovascular Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebral Stroke><Brain Vascular Accident><Apoplexy><Stroke><Testing><Translating><United States><Upregulation><Up-Regulation><Work><proteoglycan S1><proteoglycan I><bone proteoglycan I><PG-S1><Bgn protein><biglycan><decorin><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><Dataset><Data Set><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><Injury><base><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><Knockout Mice><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Brain Metastasis><Endothelial Cells><insight><Tight Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Occluding Junctions><Inflammation Mediators><inflammatory mediator><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Liquid substance><liquid><fluid><Attenuated><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Cellular biology><cell biology><Complex><Source><Dementia><Amentia><autocrine><Autocrine Systems><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><solute><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><novel><Reporting><AKT2 gene><rac-PK beta protein><rac-PK beta><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-BETA><Protein Kinase B Beta><PRKBB><PKBbeta><Akt-beta protein><AKT2 protein kinase><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2><Regulation><Property><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Neuraxis><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FOXO1A gene><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><Forkhead Box O1A><FOXO1A><FOXO1><FKHR><Data><Molecular Analysis><Tetanus Helper Peptide><Tet><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><knockin mice><KI mice><Molecular><Development><developmental><cost><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovative><innovate><Impairment><small hairpin RNA><short hairpin RNA><shRNA><mouse model><murine model><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><Traumatic injury><brain endothelial cell><cerebral vascular endothelial cell><cerebral microvascular endothelial cell><cerebral endothelial cell><brain vascular endothelial cell><brain microvascular endothelial cell><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><plasmalemma><Plasma Membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Cell membrane><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Cervix Cancer><Cervical Cancer><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Disorder><Disease><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><body movement><Movement><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><neuronal degeneration><neurological degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Organelles><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson Disease><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Substantia Nigra><Substantia nigra structure><Testing><Work><extracellular matrix receptor><ECM receptor><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Predisposition><Susceptibility><motor disorder><motor dysfunction><motor disease><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><alpha synuclein><α-synuclein><α-syn><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><alphaSP22><a-synuclein><a-syn><SNCA protein><SNCA><PARK4 protein><PARK1 protein><NAC precursor><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><experience><mutant><receptor><Receptor Protein><neuron loss><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><trafficking><Reporting><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Positioning Attribute><Position><dopaminergic neuron><Dopamine neuron><DA Neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44 gene><Pgp1><MDU3><CD44><FRAP1 gene><mammalian target of rapamycin><mTOR><RAFT1><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><FRAP2><FRAP1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><Address><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Pre-Clinical Model><Preclinical Models><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><protein aggregation><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><disease-causing mutation><combat><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><symptom treatment><treat symptom><symptomatic treatment><motor symptom>
326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Solutions><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation>
327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotechnology><Faculty><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Industry><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Work><Writing><Generations><conference><symposium><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><career><Series><Training><Rural><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home><Home environment><interest><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><Performance><science education><college student><university student><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Public><General Population><Research Ethics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underserved minority><under-represented minority><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate research>
328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligands><Mentors><polymorphism><Polymorphism (Genetics)><Genetic Polymorphism><Publishing><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Societies><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><matrix Gla protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Nation><Developed Country><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><protein expression><preventing><prevent><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><protein function><mineralization>
329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Histology><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Kidney><Lactation><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Technical Expertise><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><skeletal><cancer risk><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><Sampling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><LBUL><Lobule><mammary><Human Mammary Glands><Mammary gland><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Mammary Tumorigenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Accounting><Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><clinical investigation><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><Joint Instability><Articulation><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><joint ligament><Articular ligaments><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><Healed><repair><repaired><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><mechanical><Mechanics><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><restoration><Formulation><Drug Formulations><Inferior><Visit><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><Speed><Speed (motion)><Structure><simulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><functional restoration><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><therapy development><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair>
331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Disorder><Disease><Educational aspects><Education><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><sq. ft><square foot><success><model-based simulation><models and simulation><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><N.I.H. Research Support><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><operation><next generation sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging>
332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Accounting><Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><Joint Instability><Articulation><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><joint ligament><Articular ligaments><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><Healed><repair><repaired><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><mechanical><Mechanics><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><restoration><Inferior><Visit><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><Speed><Structure><simulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><Property><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><functional restoration><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><Formulation>
333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cell Body><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Closure by Ligation><Ligation><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Liver diseases><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Physiological Processes><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Testing><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><promoter><promotor><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><chronic liver disease><Investigation><System><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><recombinase-mediated cassette exchange><Cre recombinase/LoxP technology><Cre lox system><Cre lox recombination system><Cre LoxP system><Cre Lox technology>
334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breastfed><Breast fed><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><Disorder><Disease><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><Kidney><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Lactation><lactational><lactating><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Nulliparity><Nulliparous><Nulliparas><Pancreas><Pancreatic><Pathology><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Role><social role><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><parathyroid hormone-related protein><technical skills><Technical Expertise><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><System><skeletal><cancer risk><Gene Proteins><Protein Gene Products><Modeling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><Lobule><LBUL><Mammary gland><mammary><Signaling Protein><Signaling Pathway Gene><Signaling Factor Proto-Oncogene><Address><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Mammary Tumorigenesis><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><histological specimens><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples><Growth Factor><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Solutions><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Affect><Behavior><Biologic Factor><Biological Factors><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Infection><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Influenza><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probability><Public Health><Public Policy><isolation/quarantine><Quarantine><Recommendation><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Respiratory Infections><Respiratory Tract Infections><Schools><Sleep><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Vaccination><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home><Home environment><Source><Pattern><Techniques><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><sorting><Sorting - Cell Movement><social><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><behavioral influence><behavior influence><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Institution><Data><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexibility><flexible><co-infection><coinfection><behavioral response><behavior response><HIV/TB><HIV/Mtb>
337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Educational aspects><Education><Medical Education><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Yersinia pestis><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><IACUC><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Research Training><Collection><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><undergraduate student><formative assessment><formative evaluation><Workforce Development>
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disease rate><mortality><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><living system><Organism><Pathology><Patients><Research><respiratory tract><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Respiratory System><Testing><Time><Variation (Genetics)><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Respiratory Tracts><Respiratory tract structure><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Viral Load result><Immune><Complex><Event><lower respiratory tract><Lower respiratory tract structure><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><pathogen><Population><mouse model><murine model><pediatric patients><child patients><co-infection><coinfection><diagnostic assay><transcriptome><molecular diagnostics>
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disease rate><mortality><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><living system><Organism><Pathology><Patients><Research><Respiratory tract structure><Respiratory Tracts><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Respiratory System><Testing><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><Childhood><pediatric><Individual><Recovery><Biological Process><Biological Function><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load result><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Event><Lower respiratory tract structure><lower respiratory tract><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><Population><mouse model><murine model><mathematical analysis><mathematics analysis><math analysis><pediatric patients><child patients><co-infection><coinfection><diagnostic assay><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><outcome prediction><predictors of outcomes><predictive outcomes><molecular diagnostics><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><pathogenic virus><viral pathogen>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biomedical Research><Biology><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Infrastructure><COBRE><hepatic fibrosis><Animal Models and Related Studies><model organism><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><damage to ligament><ligament damage><Prevention><career development><calcification><base><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Liver Fibrosis><Animal Model><Interdisciplinary Study><ligament injury><skills><pilot study><programs><member><Individual><Scientist><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><Body Tissues><Sight><visual function><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Centers of Research Excellence><Regeneration><regenerate><Investigators><Researchers><ECM><novel strategies><Molecular><Cell Body><Research Infrastructure><tissue repair><Address><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><instrumentation><disease diagnosis><Natural regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Research Support><Extracellular Matrix><Pilot Projects><Health><Goals><Reagent><Vision><Productivity><Environment><Names><Neoplasm Metastasis><Universities><Cells><Tissues><Cardiovascular system><Laboratories>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Animals><Antibodies><Award><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Engineering><Equipment><Floor><Freezing><Goals><Grant><Idaho><Inventory><Equipment and supply inventories><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Plants><Plumbing><Productivity><Proteins><Scientific Publication><Publications><Recombinant Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Time><Universities><Work><base><improved><Physiological><Physiologic><Research Peer Review><Databases><data base><Data Bases><Policies><Funding><Collaborations><Letters><Genetic><Specimen><Research Specimen><Bioreactors><Catalogs><programs><Location><meetings><college><collegiate><laboratory facility><research facility><graduate student><Human Cell Line><Sampling><Proteomics><Genomics><facility renovation><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Effectiveness><Core Facility><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Molecular><Process><web site><website><Outcome><cell behavior><cellular behavior><biobank><biorepository><operation><undergraduate student><undergraduate><summer research><training opportunity><bioprinting><bio-printing><DNA sequencing><DNAseq><DNA seq><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Program Development><recruit><active recruitment><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Software><Computer software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><Pump><improved><Phase><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Machine Learning><Dependence><System><Services><data management><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><molecular modeling><simulation><Social Support System><Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><datamining><data mining><Data><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><computing resources><computational resources><Computational algorithm><computer algorithm><computer infrastructure><computational infrastructure><flexibility><flexible><operation><Systems Development><equipment acquisition><instrument purchase><instrument procurement><instrument investment><instrument acquisition><equipment purchasing><equipment purchase><equipment procurement><equipment investment><equipment acquirement>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><lesson plans><Curriculum><Economic Development><Economical Development><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><Life Cycle Stages><life course><Life Cycle><Mentors><Mission><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Online Systems><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Computer software><Software><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Data Set><Dataset><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data base><Data Bases><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><science education><High Performance Computing><high-end computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Gene Expression Profiling><transcriptional profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><Assessment instrument><Assessment tool><student training><curriculum expansion><curricular enrichment><curriculum enhancement><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><laboratory experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Animal Experimentation><Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Seeds><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><Teacher Professional Development><undergraduate><undergraduate student><student training><teacher recruitment><recruit teachers><Faculty Recruitment><faculty research><sabbatical><training opportunity>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          <Animal Experimentation><Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Production><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Rodent><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Facilities Construction Grants><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><murine model><mouse model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate><undergraduate student><training opportunity><healthcare delivery model><care delivery model><Service model><Service delivery model><preservation>
346                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Running><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><Site><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><website><web site><optic imaging><optical imaging><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><innovate><innovative><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome sequencing><Assessment instrument><Assessment tool><student training><faculty mentor><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><laboratory experiment><Degree program><education research><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><equipment acquisition><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><online resource><DNA seq><DNAseq><DNA sequencing><bio-informatics resource><bioinformatics resource><Infrastructure><bio-informatics tool><bioinformatics tool><educational resources><education resources>
347                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cells><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Painful><Pain><Peer Review><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><QOL><Quality of life><Reagent><Records><recruit><Recruitment Activity><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><tissue repair>
348                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Biological Preservation><Production><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Training and Education><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Facilities Construction Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><N.I.H. Research Support><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student>
349                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Closure by Ligation><Ligation><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Liver diseases><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Physiological Processes><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Technology><Testing><TCDD><Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><chronic liver disease><Investigation><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><therapeutic target><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Stress><Universities><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Interdisciplinary Communication><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Databases><data base><Data Bases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><senior faculty><full professor><recruit>
351                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotechnology><Biotech><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Modern Man><Human><Language><Methodology><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Time><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Biological Process><Biological Function><Nature><Complex><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><interest><Visit><meetings><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Services><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovation><innovative><innovate><biological research><co-infection><coinfection><Formulation>
352                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Educational aspects><Education><Environment><Faculty><flow cytophotometry><Flow Microfluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><Running><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><Site><Area><Training><Educational workshop><Workshop><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Data Storage and Retrieval><data storage><data retrieval><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><repository><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optical imaging><optic imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><innovation><innovative><innovate><computing resources><computational resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate student><undergraduate><undergraduate research><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><faculty mentor><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Degree program><education research><equipment acquisition><instrument purchase><instrument procurement><instrument investment><instrument acquisition><equipment purchasing><equipment purchase><equipment procurement><equipment investment><equipment acquirement><online resource><web-based resource><web resource><online compendium><on-line resource><on-line compendium><internet resource><DNA sequencing><DNAseq><DNA seq><bioinformatics resource><Infrastructure><bioinformatics tool><bio-informatics tool><education resources><educational resources>
353                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Savings><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><developmental><Development><under served population><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><developmental><Development><Outcome><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexible><flexibility><Secure><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Underrepresented Students><under-served student><Underserved Students><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure>
355                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care Delivery><Patient Care><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Painful><Pain><Peer Review><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><QOL><Quality of life><Reagent><Records><recruit><active recruitment><Recruitment Activity><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science>
356                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Biological Preservation><Production><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Training and Education><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Facilities Construction Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><N.I.H. Research Support><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><murine model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student><training opportunity>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotechnology><Biotech><Goals><Health><Health care facility><care facilities><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Idaho><Immersion Investigative Technique><Immersion><Industry><Internships><intern><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><medical schools><school of medicine><medical college><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Work><Writing><symposium><symposia><summit><convention><conference><Hispanics><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Latino><career><Series><Training><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home environment><Home><interest><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><Performance><science education><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Population><General Public><Research Ethics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underrepresentation of minorities><under-represented minority><under-representation of minorities><Underrepresented Ethnic Minority><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><scientifically literate><scientific literacy><First Generation Students><First Generation College graduates><First Generation College Students><faculty mentor><laboratory training><lab experience><laboratory experience><summer research><Workforce Development><rural underserved>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Data Analyses><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Disease><Disorder><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><college><collegiate><Services><success><models and simulation><model-based simulation><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Proteomics><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><metabolomics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><operation><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><next generation sequencing><materials science><training opportunity><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><microscopic imaging><healthcare delivery model><care delivery model><Service model><Service delivery model>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           <Affect><Bacterial Infections><bacterial disease><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><Breast Feeding><Breastfeeding><Breastfed><Breast fed><Calcium><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Disease><Disorder><Equipment><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><Kidney><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Lactation><lactational><lactating><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Nulliparity><Nulliparous><Nulliparas><Pancreas><Pancreatic><Pathology><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tooth structure><teeth><Tooth><Woman><Work><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Injectable><Caring><base><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><System><skeletal><Gene Proteins><Protein Gene Products><Modeling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><Lobule><LBUL><Mammary gland><mammary><Signaling Protein><Signaling Pathway Gene><Signaling Factor Proto-Oncogene><Address><Breast Cancer Risk Factor><breast cancer risk><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Mammary Tumorigenesis><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><murine model><mouse model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome sequencing><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples><histological specimens><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><Growth Factor><inflammatory environment><inflammatory milieu><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><breast cancer progression><lactation period><Early pregnancy>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><bile duct><bile ductule><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><Carbon Tetrachloride><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Dioxins><Dioxin Compound><DNA-Binding Proteins><Pharmaceutical Preparations><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Environment><Environmental Pollution><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Ligation><Closure by Ligation><Liver><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver diseases><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Pharmacology><Physiological Processes><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><TCDD><2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><promoter><promotor><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><fibrotic liver><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disease><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><Investigation><System><Toxic effect><Toxicities><novel><Gene Expression Profiling><transcriptional profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><murine model><mouse model><therapeutic target><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome sequencing><Cre recombinase/LoxP technology><Cre lox system><Cre lox recombination system><Cre LoxP system><Cre Lox technology><recombinase-mediated cassette exchange><liver development><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><Growth Factor><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
361                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Affect><Cause of Death><Cell Line><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cells><Cell Body><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Complement><Complement Proteins><Statistical Data Interpretation><statistical analysis><Statistical Data Analysis><Statistical Data Analyses><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Hospitalization><Human><Modern Man><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><In Vitro><Infection><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lung><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung diseases><lung disorder><disorder of the lung><disease of the lung><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Organism><living system><Pathology><Patients><Research><Respiratory System><Respiratory tract structure><Respiratory Tracts><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Testing><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load result><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Event><Lower respiratory tract structure><lower respiratory tract><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><pathogen><Population><murine model><mouse model><mathematics analysis><math analysis><mathematical analysis><child patients><pediatric patients><coinfection><co-infection><diagnostic assay><global transcription profile><global gene expression><transcriptome><predictors of outcomes><predictive outcomes><outcome prediction><molecular diagnostics><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Demography><Drosophila genus><fruit fly><Drosophila><Environment><Fertility><Fecundity><Fecundability><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Infection><Insecta><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metabolic Clearance Rate><clearance rate><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><mortality><Organism><living system><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Satellite Viruses><Associated Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Immunology><Individual><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><Exposure to><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infection><oral infectious><infection mouth><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Antiviral Response><Anti-Viral Response><Binding><Molecular Interaction><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population><Epidemiology data><Epidemiological data><epidemiologic data><coinfection><co-infection><global transcription profile><global gene expression><transcriptome><virus transmission><viral transmission>
363                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Affect><Behavior><Biological Factors><Biologic Factor><Computer Simulation><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computing Methodologies><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food><Food or Food Product><Future><Goals><Health Policy><healthcare policy><health care policy><HIV><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Influenza><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Methods><Probability><Public Health><Quarantine><isolation/quarantine><Recommendation><Research><Research Design><study design><Study Type><Respiratory Tract Infections><Respiratory Infections><Schools><Sleep><Vaccination><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home environment><Home><Source><Pattern><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><social><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Institution><Data><Computational Technique><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexible><flexibility><coinfection><co-infection><behavior response><behavioral response>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <mortality><Organism><living system><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Satellite Viruses><Associated Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Immunology><Individual><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infection><oral infectious><infection mouth><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Antiviral Response><Anti-Viral Response><Binding><Molecular Interaction><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population><epidemiologic data><Epidemiology data><Epidemiological data><co-infection><coinfection><transcriptome><viral transmission><virus transmission><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insecta><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metabolic Clearance Rate><clearance rate><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models>
365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Affect><Behavior><Biologic Factor><Biological Factors><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Infection><Influenza><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Methods><Probability><Public Health><Public Policy><Quarantine><isolation/quarantine><Recommendation><Research><Research Design><study design><Study Type><Respiratory Tract Infections><Respiratory Infections><Schools><Sleep><Vaccination><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home environment><Home><Source><Pattern><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><social><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Institution><Data><Computational Technique><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexibility><flexible><co-infection><coinfection><behavioral response><behavior response>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Yersinia pestis><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><IACUC><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Research Training><Collection><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate student>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><information privacy><Confidentiality><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Physical Exercise><Exercise><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Mission><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><Dataset><Data Set><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Electronic Database><Electronic Databank><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><Services><Training and Education><data management><science education><high-end computing><High Performance Computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Commit><Institution><protein structure><Data><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Animals><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Staging><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct>
369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Animals><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Staging><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Life Sciences><Bioscience><Biologic Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Educational aspects><Education><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Foundations><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Schools><Science><Software><Computer software><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Veterans><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Businesses><Imagery><Visualization><base><career><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><college><collegiate><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><models and simulation><model-based simulation><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Computer Analysis><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><tissue repair><next generation sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><Service delivery model><healthcare delivery model><health care delivery model><care delivery model><Service model>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <Algorithms><Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Attention><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cause of Death><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Diagnosis><Computer-Assisted Diagnosis><Computer aided diagnosis><computer-assisted diagnostics><Disease><Disorder><Fatty acid glycerol esters><Fats><Feedback><Female><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Judgment><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Medical Imaging><Methods><Methodology><Noise><Research><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Survival Rate><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><United States><Universities><Utah><Woman><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Mammary Ultrasonography><Breast Ultrasonography><Ultrasonic Mammography><Ultrasound Mammography><breast ultrasound><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Dataset><Data Set><base><image processing><improved><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Image Analysis><Variation><Variant><Medical><Evaluation><Training><non-painful><nonpainful><not painful><Painless><Visual><radiologist><Breast Cancer Early Screening><Breast Cancer Early Detection><Shapes><tool><Nature><Knowledge><Complex><Texture><Location><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Performance><success><Devices><Modeling><Connectionist Models><Neural Network Models><Perceptrons><Neural Network Simulation><Property><model development><mammary><Mammary gland><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Data><Detection><Imaging Instrument><Imaging Tool><Imaging Device><Reproducibility><Tumor Process><Tumor-Associated Process><Update><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Characteristics><Process><imaging><Image><Output><computational tools><computerized tools><cost effective><prospective><innovate><innovative><innovation><imaging Segmentation><spatial relationship><tumor><computer assisted detection><computer aided detection><mammary imaging><breast imaging><learning activity><learning method><learning strategy><Tissue imaging><imaging properties><model of human><human model><advanced stage breast cancer><advanced breast cancer><deep learning><ConvNet><convolutional network><convolutional neural nets><convolutional neural network><clinical exam><clinical examination>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><Life Cycle Stages><life course><Life Cycle><Mentors><Mission><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Online Systems><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Computer software><Software><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><technical skills><Technical Expertise><Dataset><Data Set><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><science education><High Performance Computing><high-end computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Gene Expression Profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><curriculum enhancement><curriculum expansion><curricular enrichment><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Seeds><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><student training><Faculty Recruitment><teacher recruitment><recruit teachers><faculty research><sabbatical><training opportunity>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotech><Biotechnology><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion Investigative Technique><Immersion><Industry><Internships><intern><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><medical schools><school of medicine><medical college><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Work><Writing><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><career><Series><Training><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home environment><Home><interest><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><Performance><science education><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Population><General Public><Research Ethics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underrepresentation of minorities><under-represented minority><under-representation of minorities><Underrepresented Ethnic Minority><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate><undergraduate research><scientific literacy><scientifically literate><First Generation College Students><First Generation Students><First Generation College graduates><faculty mentor><laboratory experience><laboratory training><lab experience><summer research><Workforce Development><rural underserved>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care Delivery><Patient Care><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Pain><Painful><Peer Review><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Records><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><tissue repair><undergraduate student><undergraduate><tenure track><tenure process><materials science>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cell Body><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Ligation><Closure by Ligation><Liver><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver diseases><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Pharmacology><Physiological Processes><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><TCDD><2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><promotor><promoter><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disease><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><Investigation><System><Toxic effect><Toxicities><novel><Gene Expression Profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><recombinase-mediated cassette exchange><Cre recombinase/LoxP technology><Cre lox system><Cre lox recombination system><Cre LoxP system><Cre Lox technology><liver development><Growth Factor><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Yersinia pestis><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><IACUC><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Research Training><Collection><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate student>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><information privacy><Confidentiality><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Physical Exercise><Exercise><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Mission><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><Dataset><Data Set><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Electronic Database><Electronic Databank><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><Services><Training and Education><data management><science education><high-end computing><High Performance Computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation>
382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotech><Biotechnology><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Housing><Modern Man><Human><Language><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Time><Vision><visual function><Sight><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Left><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Staging><Nature><Complex><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><interest><Visit><meetings><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Services><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovation><innovative><innovate><biological research><co-infection><coinfection><Formulation>
383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Insecta><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><clearance rate><Metabolic Clearance Rate><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><mortality><living system><Organism><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Associated Viruses><Satellite Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Immunology><base><Individual><Collaborations><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infectious><infection mouth><oral infection><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Anti-Viral Response><Antiviral Response><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population><co-infection><coinfection><transcriptome><viral transmission><virus transmission>
384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            <Animals><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Staging><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><student training><Faculty Recruitment><teacher recruitment><recruit teachers><faculty research><sabbatical><training opportunity>
385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotech><Biotechnology><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Industry><intern><Internships><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Work><Writing><symposium><symposia><summit><convention><conference><Hispanics><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Latino><career><Series><Training><Rural><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home><Home environment><interest><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><Performance><science education><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Public><General Population><Research Ethics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underrepresentation of minorities><under-represented minority><under-representation of minorities><Underrepresented Ethnic Minority><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><scientific literacy><scientifically literate><First Generation College Students><First Generation Students><First Generation College graduates><faculty mentor><laboratory experience><laboratory training><lab experience><summer research><Workforce Development>
386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Running><Stress><Universities><Interdisciplinary Communication><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Measures><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data base><Data Bases><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><peer coaching><full professor><senior faculty><recruit>
387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><sq. ft><square foot><success><model-based simulation><models and simulation><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computational analysis><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><N.I.H. Research Support><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><operation><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><next generation sequencing>
388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotech><Biotechnology><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Modern Man><Human><Language><Methodology><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Social Environment><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Time><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Nature><Complex><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><interest><Visit><meetings><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Services><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovation><innovative><innovate><biological research><co-infection><coinfection><Formulation>
389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Insecta><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><clearance rate><Metabolic Clearance Rate><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><mortality><living system><Organism><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Associated Viruses><Satellite Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Immunology><Individual><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><Exposure to><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infection><oral infectious><infection mouth><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Antiviral Response><Anti-Viral Response><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Address><Data><Viral Vector><transmission process><Transmission><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><fly><Flies><Outcome><Population><epidemiologic data><Epidemiology data><Epidemiological data><co-infection><coinfection><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><viral transmission><virus transmission><pathogenic virus><viral pathogen><vector-borne><vectorborne>
390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Play><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><machine learned><Machine Learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><experience><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><molecular modeling><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><EXTMR><Extramural><Extramural Activities><Process><developmental><Development><work group><working group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      <Affect><Algorithms><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Automobile Driving><driving><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)><Confounding Variables><Epidemiologic Confounding Factor><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Gene Expression><Genes><Regulator Genes><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><regulatory gene><trans acting element><Genotype><Goals><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Methylation><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Patients><Phenotype><Research><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><DNA Sequence><base><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><tumor progression><Biological><Link><Individual><root><Plant Roots><DNA Methylation><Complex><interest><simulation><novel><disorder model><Disease model><Modeling><disease subgroups><disease subtype><disorder subtype><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Regulatory Pathway><Clinical Data><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Process><Gene Combinations><Transcription Process><Process><developmental><Development><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional signature><Gene Expression Profile><clinical phenotype><Gene variant><allele variant><allelic variant><genomic variant><genetic variant><Population><network models><tumor><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><molecular phenotype><effective treatment><effective therapy><Breast Tumor Patient><Breast Cancer Patient><cancer sub-types><cancer subtypes><genomic data-set><genomic dataset><genomic data><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><complex data >
392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Production><Rats Mammals><Rat><Common Rat Strains><Rattus><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Techniques><Research Technics><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Software><Computer software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><tissue regeneration><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><cost><design><designing><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service delivery model><healthcare delivery model><health care delivery model><care delivery model><Service model><preservation><Infrastructure>
393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <Affect><Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Arthritis><arthritic><Biological Factors><Biologic Factor><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><bone><Cadaver><Cartilaginous Tissue><Cartilage><articular cartilage><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Elements><Exercise><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Foundations><Gait><Goals><Incidence><Joints><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><obese population><obese person><obese people><obese><corpulentia><corpulency><corpulence><adiposity><Obesity><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Osteotomy><Painful><Pain><Patients><Postoperative><Post-Operative><Postoperative Period><Productivity><QOL><Quality of life><rehabilitative therapy><rehabilitative><Rehabilitation><Medical Rehabilitation><Rehabilitation therapy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Staining method><Stains><Synovia><Synovial Fluid><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Training Programs><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Custom><Social Impacts><base><crosslink><cross-link><improved><Lateral><Medial><Phase><Biological><Evaluation><Serum><Blood Serum><Individual><Early Intervention><tool><Mechanics><mechanical><Knee Osteoarthritis><knee joint osteoarthritis><knee joint OA><knee OA><Principal Component Analysis><Principal Component Analyses><Severities><System><Musculoskeletal><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><human old age (65+)><aged ≥65><aged 65 and greater><age 65 and older><age 65 and greater><Aged 65 and Over><65+ years old><bone stress><mammalian COMP><cartilage oligomeric matrix protein><Structure><economic impact><disorder risk><disease risk><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Modeling><Sampling><response><bioimaging><biomedical imaging><bio-imaging><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Collagen Fibril><Thickness><Thick><preventing><prevent><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Image><imaging><early onset><Outcome><Population><rehabilitation strategy><rehab strategy><aging population><population aging><aged population><patient population><Biological Markers><biomarker><biologic marker><bio-markers><regenerative><preclinical evaluation><pre-clinical evaluation><cartilage degradation><cartilage degeneration><gait rehabilitation><gait training><individual patient><mechanical load><computational platform><computing platform><confocal imaging>
394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><plasmalemma><Plasma Membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Cell membrane><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Body><Cells><Scars><Cicatrix><Collagen><Connective Tissue Disorder><Connective Tissue Diseases><Death><Cessation of life><Cognitive Discrimination><Discrimination><Disorder><Disease><Drug Design><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Ergastoplasm><Endoplasmic Reticulum><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Immune Precipitation><Immunoprecipitation><Intelligence><renal disorder><kidney disorder><Renal Disease><Nephropathy><Kidney Diseases><Kinetics><Ligands><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><Macular degenerative disease><Macular degeneration><conformational state><conformation><Molecular Stereochemistry><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Conformation><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><lung fibrosis><Pulmonary Fibrosis><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><progressive systemic sclerosis><Systemic Sclerosis><Systemic Scleroderma><Signal Pathway><structure function relationship><chemical structure function><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Thermodynamic><Thermodynamics><Tissue Distribution><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><crosslink><cross-link><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><Anabolism><biosynthesis><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Binding Proteins><bound protein><Protein Binding><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Ligand Binding Protein><Disease Progression><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Developed Countries><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Normal tissue morphology><Normal Tissue><Deposition><Deposit><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><body system><Organ System><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5' Untranslated Regions><mRNA Leader Sequences><5'UTR><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><RNA Binding><RNA bound><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1 gene><COL1A1><COL1A2 gene><COL1A2><Address><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><posttranscriptional regulation><posttranscriptional control><Post-Transcriptional Control><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><endoplasmic reticulum stress><ER stress><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><HITS-CLIP><CLIP-Seq><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Kidney><Lactation><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><System><skeletal><cancer risk><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><LBUL><Lobule><mammary><Mammary gland><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Mammary Tumorigenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><histological specimens><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples>
396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Program Development><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Computer software><Software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><Pump><improved><Phase><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Machine Learning><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Dependence><System><Services><data management><molecular modeling><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><simulation><Support System><Social Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><data mining><datamining><Data><International><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><computing resources><computational resources><Computational algorithm><computer algorithm><computer infrastructure><computational infrastructure><flexibility><flexible><operation><Systems Development><equipment acquisition><instrument purchase><instrument procurement><instrument investment><instrument acquisition><equipment purchasing><equipment purchase><equipment procurement><equipment investment><equipment acquirement>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     pref_terms
1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Advisory Committees;Area;Automobile Driving;Basic Science;Biological;Biomedical Research;Body fat;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical Nutrition;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Coupled;Critiques;Dedications;Development;Disease;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Evidence based practice;Faculty;Food;Funding;Gender;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Health Food;Healthcare;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;International;Investments;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lactation;Lead;Longevity;Medical;Mental Health;Mentors;Mentorship;Monitor;Nutrient;Nutritional;Nutritional Study;Obesity;Personal Satisfaction;Physicians;Physiological;Population;Poverty;Pregnancy;Productivity;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Resources;Risk;Role;Rural;Scientist;Services;Source;Students;Time;Training;Translating;Underserved Population;Universities;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;Work;critical period;early-career faculty;evidence base;excessive weight gain;experience;food insecurity;formative assessment;frontier;gender disparity;health care availability;health disparity;health inequalities;improved;innovation;institutional capacity;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;marginalized population;meetings;men;multidisciplinary;nutrition;outreach;physically handicapped;pre-clinical;programs;recruit;reproductive;senescence;sex;social;success;timeline
2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Aging;Ally;Anatomy;Anthropometry;Basal metabolic rate;Behavior;Behavioral;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological;Biomedical Research;Blood Chemical Analysis;Body Composition;Body Weight decreased;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Clinical assessments;Communities;Complement;Computers;Data Analyses;Data Collection;Data Science;Dedications;Dietary Assessment;Dietary Intervention;Dietetics;Discipline;Ensure;Equipment;Exercise;Faculty;Financial Support;Food;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Health;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Indirect Calorimetry;Institution;International;Intervention Studies;Kinesiology;Laboratories;Lactation;Longevity;Maintenance;Malnutrition;Measurement;Metabolic;Methodology;Microbiology;Nature;Nutrient;Nutrition Assessment;Nutritional;Nutritional Science;Nutritional Study;Nutritional status;Outcome;Phase;Physiological;Physiology;Pilot Projects;Pregnancy;Productivity;Psychology;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Resources;Running;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Services;Signs and Symptoms;Sociology;Specialist;Students;Technical Expertise;Training;Universities;Weight;Weight Gain;Women&apos;s Health;cohort;experimental study;field study;health assessment;human subject;innovation;instrumentation;laboratory experience;mass spectrometer;mid-career faculty;multidisciplinary;novel;nutrition;operation;research facility;social;stable isotope
3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Academy;Affect;Anxiety;Birth;Breast Feeding;Centers of Research Excellence;Cholecalciferol;Classification;Clinical;Compassion;Complex;Consumption;Corn Oil;Cutaneous;Data;Dietary Assessment;Dietary Intervention;Dietary intake;Double-Blind Method;Emotional;Future;Geographic Locations;Goals;Growth;Health;Health Food;Hormones;Human Milk;Hydrocortisone;Idaho;Immunoglobulins;Infant;Infant Care;Infant Health;Intervention;Intervention Studies;Intervention Trial;Knowledge;Lactation;Link;Maternal Health;Measures;Medicine;Mental Depression;Mental Health;Metabolic Diseases;Milk;Minerals;Mothers;Motor;Neonatal;Neonatal Mortality;Nutrient;Outcome;Oxytocin;Physiological;Placebo Control;Placebos;Population;Postpartum Depression;Postpartum Period;Predisposing Factor;Premature Birth;Premature Infant;Protein Analysis;Proteins;Proteomics;Psyche structure;Public Health;Questionnaires;Randomized;Research;Research Project Grants;Risk;Risk Factors;Rural;Salivary;Serum;Sleep disturbances;Stress;Sun Exposure;Sunlight;Supplementation;Testing;Time;United States National Institutes of Health;Vitamin D;Vitamin D Deficiency;Vitamin D supplementation;Vitamins;Vulnerable Populations;Weight Gain;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;clinical care;cognitive development;critical period;experience;frontier;health care availability;health of the mother;high risk population;immunoregulation;improved;infant outcome;innovation;maternal depression;maternal stress;maternal weight;motherhood;neonatal sepsis;nutrition;prenatal;prevent;prospective;randomized placebo controlled trial;response;rural area;skin color;stress reduction;stressor
4                                                                                                                                                      Address;Adult;American;Area;Behavior;Blood;Body Weight decreased;Categories;Cause of Death;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Chronic;Classification;Complex;Complications of Diabetes Mellitus;Consumption;Data;Development;Diabetes Mellitus;Diet;Dietary Practices;Dietary intake;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Disparity;Emotional;Ethnic Origin;Event;Experimental Designs;Exposure to;Fasting;Food;Gases;Gender;Gender Role;Genetic Variation;Glycosylated hemoglobin A;Goals;Health;Health Food;Health Promotion;Healthcare;Hispanic;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Immigration;Intervention;Interview;Laboratories;Laws;Life;Life Style;Location;Measures;Memory;Mental Health;Methods;Micronutrients;Modeling;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;Not Hispanic or Latino;Nutritional;Obesity;Overweight;Pacific Northwest;Patriarchies;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physical activity;Policies;Population;Populations at Risk;Prevalence;Psyche structure;Race;Research;Research Project Grants;Resources;Risk;Rural;Self Care;Services;Sex Orientation;Socioeconomic Status;Spottings;Stress;Structure;Surveys;System;Testing;Time;Trauma;Underrepresented Populations;United States;United States National Institutes of Health;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;care giving burden;caregiving;data integration;diabetes control;diabetes prevention program;diabetes risk;diabetic;disability;disorder risk;emotional factor;ethnic minority;experience;food security;frontier;health care availability;health care service;health care service utilization;high risk;improved;innovation;lifestyle factors;male;men;mortality;mortality risk;non-diabetic;novel;nutrition;poor health outcome;prevent;programs;racial minority;social;trend
5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Air;Ally;Americans with Disabilities Act;Anatomy;Anthropometry;Architecture;Area;Basal metabolic rate;Behavior;Behavioral;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological;Blood;Body Composition;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Clinical assessments;Complement;Data Analyses;Data Collection;Data Science;Dietary Assessment;Dietary Intervention;Dietetics;Disabled Persons;Discipline;Dryness;Engineering;Equipment;Faculty;Floor;Food;Future;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Health;Heating;Height;Hour;Idaho;Intervention Studies;Kinesiology;Laboratories;Light;Location;Malnutrition;Measurement;Metabolic;Microbiology;Nature;Nutrient;Nutritional;Nutritional Science;Nutritional Study;Nutritional status;Outcome;Physiological;Physiology;Pilot Projects;Privacy;Productivity;Psychology;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Roentgen Rays;Running;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Services;Sociology;Spectrum Analysis;Steam;Students;Surface;Symptoms;System;Technology;Universities;Urine;Water;Weight;Women&apos;s Health;experimental study;health assessment;human subject;improved;innovation;instrumentation;mass spectrometer;multidisciplinary;novel;nutrition;repaired;social;square foot;usability;ventilation
6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Advisory Committees;Affect;Annual Reports;Area;Award;Budgets;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Communication;Core Facility;Critiques;Development;Ensure;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Health Personnel;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Laboratories;Medical Education;Mentors;Nutritional Study;Phase;Pilot Projects;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Productivity;Qualifying;Ramp;Recommendation;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Risk;Rural;Scientist;Services;Technology;Underrepresented Populations;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vocational Guidance;Vulnerable Populations;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;Work;agricultural community;career development;evidence base;expectation;experience;faculty mentor;frontier;high risk;improved;innovation;interest;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;nutrition;programs;recruit;research and development;scientific organization
7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Adipose tissue;Aerobic Exercise;Age;American;Area;Behavior;Body Composition;Body Image;Body Weight;Body fat;Body mass index;Cardiovascular Diseases;Categories;Centers of Research Excellence;Classification;Clinical;Consumption;County;Dancing;Data;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Dietary intake;Dyslipidemias;Exercise;Female;Future;General Population;Goals;Health;Height;High Prevalence;Hormones;Hypertension;Idaho;Image;Individual;Inflammation;Intervention;Intervention Trial;Life Style;Literature;Measurement;Measures;Medical;Menstrual cycle;Metabolic;Metabolic syndrome;Metabolism;Methodology;Muscle;Non obese;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;Obesity;Older Population;Outcome;Oxidative Stress;Persons;Phase;Physical Exercise;Physical Fitness;Physical activity;Physiological;Population;Prediabetes syndrome;Premenopause;Prevalence;Proteins;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Project Grants;Rest;Risk;Rural;Rural Community;Testing;Thinness;Unhealthy Diet;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visceral;Weight;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;Work;aged;child bearing;college;community center;comorbidity;design;diet and exercise;dietary;emerging adult;epidemiology study;evidence base;exercise intervention;experience;fitness;frontier;girls;health care availability;improved;innovation;men;novel;nutrition;obese person;obesity risk;physical conditioning;poor health outcome;pressure;resistance exercise;rural area;systemic inflammatory response;young woman
8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2019-nCoV;Address;Antigen-Antibody Complex;Biological;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Research;COVID-19 pandemic;Cell model;Collaborations;Computational algorithm;Computer Models;Computing Methodologies;Dangerousness;Data;Differential Equation;Dimensions;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Equation;Equilibrium;Etiology;Europe;Event;Family;Generations;Hybrids;Idaho;Immune;Immune Targeting;Immune response;Immune system;Immunologic Factors;Immunotherapy;Infection;Influenza;Innate Immune System;Knowledge;Laboratory Finding;Machine Learning;Mathematics;Measures;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Morbidity - disease rate;Mus;Parameter Estimation;Pathology;Play;Predictive Value;Public Health;Public Policy;Rhinovirus;Role;Science;Scientist;Severities;Severity of illness;System;Techniques;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Training;Universities;Viral;Viral Respiratory Tract Infection;Virus;Virus Diseases;attenuation;biological systems;co-infection;complex biological systems;computational suite;computerized tools;data integration;design;experimental study;fictional works;high dimensionality;high reward;high risk;human disease;immunoregulation;improved;influenza infection;innovation;large datasets;machine learning algorithm;machine learning method;mathematical methods;mathematical model;mathematical sciences;mortality;novel;pandemic influenza;pathogenic virus;predictive modeling;prevent;respiratory;sound;theories
9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Bachelor&apos;s Degree;Biology;Biomedical Research;Communication;Environment;Financial Hardship;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Knowledge;Learning;Mentors;Pathway interactions;Research;Research Training;Science;Scientist;Self Assessment;Students;Surveys;Training Programs;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;Universities;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;matriculation;programs;recruit;transfer student;undergraduate research;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;university student
10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Adopted;Award;Awareness;Belief;Biology;Biomedical Research;COVID-19 pandemic;Child;Cognitive;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Complex;Computer software;Country;County;Data;Data Science;Development;Disease;Disease Outbreaks;Economics;Ecosystem;Education;Educational Materials;Environment;Evaluation;Feedback;Florida;Game Based Learning;Goals;Health;Heterogeneity;Hispanic;Idaho;Incidence;Income;Individual;Institution;Intelligence;Learning;Medical;Misinformation;Modeling;Molecular;Nonlinear Dynamics;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Pediatric Hospitals;Persons;Predisposition;Process;Property;Psyche structure;Psychological reinforcement;Public Health;Recommendation;Reproducibility;Risk;Rural;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Social Processes;Societal Factors;Students;System;Technology;Testing;Thinking;Trust;Universities;Vaccination;Virus;Visualization;career;combat;computer science;data literacy;design;digital tool;disinformation;economic disparity;education research;educational atmosphere;evidence base;experience;formal learning;game development;improved;infectious disease model;informal learning;innovation;instrument;interest;iterative design;literacy;multimodality;non-compliance;programs;remediation;science museum;science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine;simulation;skills;social;teacher;tool
11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Academia;Advanced Development;Area;Award;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Collaborations;Computers;Contracts;Core Facility;Data Collection;Development;Devices;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational workshop;Engineering;Equipment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Goals;Government;Growth;Human Resources;Idaho;Incentives;Industry;Infrastructure;Investments;Maintenance;Medical Device;Microfabrication;Optics;Performance;Personnel Management;Play;Printing;Privatization;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Role;Schedule;Science;Services;Structure;Students;System;Technology;Testing;Training;Universities;Validation;Work;applied biomedical research;biomedical resource;clinical translation;college;cost;data acquisition;electrical property;engineering design;fabrication;graduate student;improved;industry partner;innovation;instrument;instrumentation;materials science;mechanical device;meetings;operation;outreach;programs;prototype;sensor;skill acquisition;symposium;tool;training opportunity;voucher;web site
12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Affect;Athletic;Biomechanics;Bone Matrix;Communities;Computational algorithm;Cumulative Trauma Disorders;Data;Detection;Development;Diagnosis;Distal;Early Diagnosis;Early identification;Economics;Emerging Technologies;Engineering;Etiology;Evaluation;Foundations;Fracture;Goals;Health;Image;Incidence;Individual;Injury;Jogging;Joints;Knowledge;Lead;Leg;Lower Extremity;Measures;Mental Health;Military Personnel;Modality;Modeling;Motor Activity;Outcome;Pain;Participant;Patients;Personal Satisfaction;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Principal Component Analysis;Recording of previous events;Recovery;Recreation;Rehabilitation therapy;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Rest;Risk;Robotics;Running;Rupture;Science;Severities;Speed;Splint Device;Standardization;Statistical Models;Stress Fractures;Surface;Symptoms;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Tibial Fractures;Time;Torsion;Transducers;Ultrasonography;Vision;Walking;Work;accurate diagnosis;bone;career;diagnostic platform;electronic sensor;experience;flexible electronics;fracture risk;high risk population;improved;injured;injury prevention;innovation;long bone;longitudinal analysis;mechanical load;musculoskeletal injury;physical conditioning;portability;radiological imaging;radiologist;real time monitoring;repaired;stress reduction;tibia;ultrasound
13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Address;Affect;Age;Aged, 80 and over;Animal Disease Models;Behavior assessment;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Bluetooth;Brain;Brain Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical;Computer Models;Consumption;Custom;Data;Deep Brain Stimulation;Detection;Devices;Disease;Electric Stimulation;Engineering;Epilepsy;FDA approved;Funding;Goals;Implant;Intelligence;Knowledge;Laws;Machine Learning;Manuals;Measures;Memory impairment;Mental Depression;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Motor;Neurotoxins;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Oxidopamine;Pain;Parkinson Disease;Patients;Policies;Population;Protocols documentation;Radio;Rattus;Research;Research Methodology;Research Personnel;Rodent;Rodent Model;Science;Signal Transduction;Silicon;System;Technology;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Traumatic Brain Injury;Tremor;United States National Institutes of Health;Update;Work;density;design;effective therapy;energy efficiency;fabrication;flexibility;gait examination;improved;individualized medicine;innovation;integrated circuit;miniaturize;motor symptom;nervous system disorder;neural;neuroregulation;neurotechnology;neurotransmission;next generation;optimal treatments;programs;response;sensor;therapeutically effective;wireless
14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Administrator;Area;Award;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Complex;Core Facility;Development;Devices;Discipline;Disease;Educational workshop;Engineering;Evaluation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Healthcare;Human;Idaho;Institution;Investigation;Kinesiology;Knowledge;Language;Leadership;Marketing;Medical Device;Mentors;Mentorship;Microfabrication;Pilot Projects;Printing;Publications;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Science;Scientist;Services;Structure;System;Testing;Training;Training Support;Universities;Writing;cohort;collaborative approach;college;data acquisition;design;experience;fabrication;improved;innovation;instrumentation;interest;meetings;multidisciplinary;new technology;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;sensor;voucher
15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3-Dimensional;Agreement;Area;Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head;Biomechanics;Biometry;Birth;Caregivers;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical;Clinical Research;Collection;Complication;Computer Analysis;Computer Models;Data;Data Collection;Data Reporting;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Devices;Disease;Dysplasia;Engineering;Equipment;Failure;Frequencies;Future;Goals;Hip Joint;Hip Osteoarthritis;Hip region structure;Home;Home environment;Hour;Human;Image;Industry Collaboration;Infant;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life;Manikins;Manuals;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Medical;Medical Device;Methods;Monitor;Motion;Movement;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pain;Patient Self-Report;Population;Positioning Attribute;Recommendation;Research;Risk;Science;Shapes;Supination;Testing;Textiles;Time;Treatment Failure;Validation;Work;body position;cost;design;early onset;fabrication;femur head;flexibility;foot;human subject;improved;in vitro testing;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;manufacturing capabilities;pressure sensor;research study;sensor;success;tool
16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Accounting;Address;Advisory Committees;Annual Reports;Area;Award;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Collection;Communities;Data;Development;Devices;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Expenditure;Exploratory/Developmental Grant for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Healthcare;Human;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Investments;Manuscripts;Medical Device;Mentors;Microfabrication;Office of Administrative Management;Performance;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Problem Solving;Professional Organizations;Program Research Project Grants;Program Reviews;Progress Reports;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schedule;Science;Scientist;Series;Services;Students;System;Talents;Technical Expertise;Testing;Time;Training;Training Technics;Travel;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career development;cohort;college;editorial;fabrication;global health;infrastructure development;instrumentation;interest;meetings;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;recruit;research and development;research faculty;response;sensor;success;summer internship;symposium;undergraduate student;voucher
17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3D Print;Acids;Adolescent;Adult;Affect;Age;Ballistics;Beds;Biomechanics;Bone Injury;Bone remodeling;Bone structure;Cattle;Ceramics;Clinic;Clinical;Cumulative Trauma Disorders;Defect;Deterioration;Development;Disease;Elderly;Engineering;Foundations;Fracture;Gel;Goals;Health;Hip Fractures;Human;Image;Imaging Techniques;Injury;Laboratories;Lasers;Life;Location;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Minor;Modeling;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Outcome Study;Patients;Persons;Polyurethanes;Porosity;Preventive treatment;Probability;Radiation;Radiometry;Research Personnel;Resolution;Risk;Sampling;Science;Signal Transduction;System;Techniques;Testing;Thermal Conductivity;Tissues;Tooth structure;United States;Variant;Visible Radiation;Vision;Weight-Bearing state;Work;X-Ray Computed Tomography;bisphosphonate;bone;bone health;common treatment;cost;demineralization;diagnostic platform;healing;improved;in vivo;normal aging;novel;optical imaging;particle;tool;treatment planning
18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Affect;Animals;Binding;Biological Process;Biology;Blood Vessels;Cell Communication;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell physiology;Cells;Collaborations;Complex;Data;Disease;EGF gene;Educational process of instructing;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Extracellular Matrix;FGF2 gene;Fibrosis;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth Factor;Health;Human;Hyperglycemia;Hypoxia;Individual;Integrins;Ligands;Link;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Biology;Mutation;NOTCH3 gene;Normal Range;Nuclear;Nuclear Translocation;Output;Pathologic;Phosphorylation;Physiological;Proteins;Publishing;Regulation;Research;Resveratrol;Role;Science;Signal Transduction;Site;Stimulus;Students;Sum;System;Testosterone;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Transforming Growth Factor beta;Tyrosine;Tyrosine Phosphorylation;Update;Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors;Vascular System;Work;angiogenesis;career;cell behavior;gamma secretase;graduate student;high school;notch protein;novel;programs;response;sensor;shear stress;skills;src-Family Kinases;undergraduate student
20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Active Sites;Acyl Carrier Protein;Address;Affinity;Anti-Bacterial Agents;Bacteria;Bacterial Infections;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Bromides;Carrier Proteins;Cells;Chemicals;Core Protein;Coupling;Cysteine;Data;Development;Docking;Electrostatics;Enzymes;Fluorescence;Genetic Code;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Investigation;Kinetics;Label;Laboratories;Learning;Literature;Measures;Mediating;Medicine;Methods;Microbial Biofilms;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutation;Physiological;Positioning Attribute;Preparation;Process;Production;Proteins;Reaction;Reporting;Research;S-Adenosylhomocysteine;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Site;Specificity;Sulfhydryl Compounds;Titrations;Toxin;Tryptophan;Virulence;antimicrobial;crosslink;design;fluorophore;high throughput screening;homoserine lactone;in vivo;inhibitor;mutant;novel;prevent;quorum sensing;screening;single molecule;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool
22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Active Sites;Acyl Carrier Protein;Address;Affinity;Anti-Bacterial Agents;Bacteria;Bacterial Infections;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Bromides;Carrier Proteins;Cells;Chemicals;Core Protein;Coupling;Cysteine;Data;Development;Docking;Electrostatics;Enzymes;Fluorescence;Genetic Code;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Investigation;Kinetics;Label;Laboratories;Learning;Literature;Measures;Mediating;Medicine;Methods;Microbial Biofilms;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutation;Physiological;Positioning Attribute;Preparation;Process;Production;Proteins;Reaction;Reporting;Research;S-Adenosylhomocysteine;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Site;Specificity;Sulfhydryl Compounds;Titrations;Toxin;Tryptophan;Virulence;antimicrobial;crosslink;design;fluorophore;high throughput screening;homoserine lactone;in vivo;inhibitor;mutant;novel;prevent;quorum sensing;screening;single molecule;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool
23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         <NA>
25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Academic Research Enhancement Awards;Active Sites;Acyl Carrier Protein;Acyl Coenzyme A;Allosteric Site;Applications Grants;Bacteria;Binding;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Cell Communication;Cells;Chemicals;Coenzyme A;Coupling;Data;Diffuse;Docking;Environment;Enzymes;Exposure to;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Grant;High Pressure Liquid Chromatography;Home;Homocysteine;In Vitro;Institution;Interruption;Kinetics;Libraries;Maps;Mediating;Molecular;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;Outcome;Pathogenicity;Physicians;Pilot Projects;Population Density;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Research;Research Infrastructure;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Substrate Specificity;Testing;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Virulence;analog;biochemical tools;career;design;homoserine lactone;in vivo;infection rate;inhibitor;multi-drug resistant pathogen;novel;programs;quorum sensing;rational design;receptor;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool;undergraduate student
26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Acyl Coenzyme A;Applications Grants;Bacteria;Binding;Biomedical Research;Cell Communication;Cells;Chemicals;Coupling;Data;Environment;Enzymes;Foundations;Goals;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Home;Institution;Interruption;Physicians;Population Density;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Research;S-Adenosylhomocysteine;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Virulence;analog;design;homoserine lactone;infection rate;inhibitor;multi-drug resistant pathogen;novel;programs;quorum sensing;rational design;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool;undergraduate student
27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Affect;Aneuploidy;Area;Axon;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Blindness;Brain;Brain region;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Death;Cell Nucleus;Cell Surface Receptors;Cell surface;Cellular biology;Cerebellum;Chromosome 16;Chromosome 21;Clinical;Cues;Cytoplasmic Tail;Data;Defect;Dendrites;Development;Disease;Down Syndrome;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Environment;Event;Eye;Foundations;Future;Gene Duplication;Gene Expression;Genes;Genetic;Genetic study;Goals;Hippocampus (Brain);Human Chromosomes;Idaho;In Vitro;Intervention;Knowledge;Link;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Mosaicism;Mus;Mutation;Nervous system structure;Neurites;Neurons;Neurophysiology - biologic function;Nuclear;Nuclear Translocation;Organ;Outcome;Pathology;Persons;Phenocopy;Phenotype;Phosphotransferases;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Proteins;Publications;Reagent;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Retina;Role;Schizophrenia;Scientist;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Signs and Symptoms;Specificity;Surface;Syndrome;System;Testing;Time;Tissues;Tyrosine Phosphorylation;Universities;Work;autism spectrum disorder;base;cell type;dosage;experience;experimental study;gain of function;human disease;loss of function;mouse Ts65Dn;mouse model;neurodevelopment;novel;overexpression;postnatal;prevent;receptor;relating to nervous system;response;retinal neuron
28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Acinar Cell;Adult;Back;Bar Codes;Beta Cell;Blood Vessels;Bone Marrow;Busulfan;Capsid;Cardiac;Cardiac Myocytes;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cardiovascular Physiology;Cardiovascular system;Cause of Death;Cell Lineage;Cells;Cellular biology;Clinical;Coupled;Cytoplasm;Cytoplasmic Granules;DNA cassette;Data;Dependovirus;Development;Duodenum;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Engineering;Enterobacteria phage P1 Cre recombinase;Enterocytes;Event;Genetic;Hair follicle structure;Hepatocyte;Hippocampus (Brain);Histologic;Homeostasis;In Situ Hybridization;Intravenous;Islets of Langerhans;Kidney;Knowledge;Label;Lead;Lentivirus;Lentivirus Vector;Mammals;Mediating;Methods;Microglia;Morphologic artifacts;Mus;Muscle Fibers;Mutation;Nature;Neurons;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Population;Process;Proteins;Purkinje Cells;Research Infrastructure;Resources;Serotyping;Source;Stomach;System;Tamoxifen;Testing;Tissues;Transgenes;Transgenic Mice;Tubular formation;Universities;Viral;Viral Proteins;Viral Vector;Virus;Wild Type Mouse;Work;base;cadherin 5;cell type;crypt cell;endothelial stem cell;experience;extracellular vesicles;follow-up;gene therapy;genetic technology;improved;in vivo;insight;interest;intravenous injection;novel;novel strategies;stem cells;therapeutic gene;tool;transdifferentiation;transgene delivery;transmission process;undergraduate research
29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Abdomen;Aedes;Anopheles Genus;Behavior;Behavioral;Biogenic Amine Receptors;Biogenic Amines;Biological Assay;Biology;Bite;Blood;Body Size;Brain;Brain region;Cerebral Malaria;Clinical;Clutch Size;Collaborations;Coma;Culicidae;Dangerousness;Data;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Enzymes;Falciparum Malaria;Feeding behaviors;Fertility;Future;Genes;Goals;Head;Histamine;Histamine Receptor;Histamine Release;Human;Hyperphenylalaninaemias;Infection;Ingestion;Insecta;Interruption;Intervention;Investments;Knowledge;Liver diseases;Longevity;Malaria;Maps;Mediating;Metabolism;Midgut;Modeling;Mus;Neuromodulator;Neurons;Parasite Control;Parasites;Parasitic infection;Pathology;Pattern;Pharmacotherapy;Physiological;Physiology;Plasma;Plasmodium berghei;Plasmodium falciparum;Plasmodium yoelii;Population;Publishing;Reporting;Reproduction;Resistance;Retina;Risk;Sensory;Serotonin;Severities;Signal Transduction;Sporozoites;Symptoms;Transcript;Tryptophan;Tyrosine;Vectorial capacity;Visual;antagonist;behavior influence;feeding;human disease;improved;innovation;insulin-like peptide;life history;mathematical model;mosquito-borne;neurophysiology;neurotransmission;novel;olfactory stimulus;receptor;receptor expression;reproductive;response;serotonin receptor;small molecule;success;trait;transmission process;treatment effect;vector mosquito;vector transmission;visual stimulus
30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Abdomen;Address;Aedes;Anopheles Genus;Behavior;Behavioral;Biogenic Amine Receptors;Biogenic Amines;Biological Assay;Biology;Bite;Blood;Brain;Brain region;Cerebrum;Clinical;Clutch Size;Collaborations;Coma;Culicidae;Dangerousness;Data;Development;Disease;Enzymes;Falciparum Malaria;Feeding behaviors;Fertility;Future;Genes;Goals;Histamine;Histamine Receptor;Histamine Release;Human;Hyperphenylalaninaemias;Infection;Ingestion;Insecta;Interruption;Intervention;Investments;Knowledge;Liver diseases;Longevity;Malaria;Maps;Mediating;Metabolism;Midgut;Modeling;Mus;Neuromodulator;Neurons;Parasite Control;Parasites;Parasitic infection;Pathology;Pattern;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiology;Plasma;Plasmodium berghei;Plasmodium falciparum;Plasmodium yoelii;Population;Publishing;Reporting;Reproduction;Resistance;Retina;Risk;Sensory;Serotonin;Signal Transduction;Sporozoites;Symptoms;Transcript;Tryptophan;Tyrosine;Vectorial capacity;Visual;antagonist;base;feeding;human disease;improved;innovation;insulin-like peptide;life history;mathematical model;mosquito-borne;neurophysiology;neurotransmission;novel;olfactory stimulus;receptor;receptor expression;reproductive;response;serotonin receptor;small molecule;success;trait;transmission process;treatment effect;vector mosquito;vector transmission;visual stimulus
31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3-Dimensional;Arts;Basic Science;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Bioreactors;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Coupled;Cues;Custom;Disease;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Equipment;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Growth;Health;Health Sciences;Idaho;Institution;Investigation;Investments;Link;Mechanics;Microscope;Microscopy;Molecular;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Orthopedics;Physiological;Pongidae;Positioning Attribute;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Science;System;Tissues;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;clinical application;college;extracellular;imaging system;innovation;instrument;live cell imaging;programs;rapid growth
32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Biomedical Research;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Fellowship;Funding;Funding Mechanisms;Future;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Institution;Mentors;Mentorship;Participant;Research;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;experience;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;programs;recruit;retention rate;statistics;student participation;success;transfer student;undergraduate research experience;university student
33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biomedical Research;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Fellowship;Funding;Funding Mechanisms;Future;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Mentors;Mentorship;Participant;Research;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;experience;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;programs;recruit;retention rate;statistics;success;transfer student;undergraduate research experience;university student
34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3-Dimensional;Aging;Angiogenic Factor;Biochemical;Biocompatible Materials;Biology;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Coupling;Data;Development;Encapsulated;Endothelial Cells;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;FGF2 gene;Fibroins;Gel;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Human;Hydrogels;Image;In Vitro;Injury;Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;Mechanics;Mediating;Modeling;Morphology;Mus;Muscle;Muscle Development;Muscle Fibers;Musculoskeletal Development;Myoblasts;Myosin ATPase;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peptides;Phase;Process;Production;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Rattus;Silk;Skeletal Muscle;Stains;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Tyramine;Umbilical vein;Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors;Vascularization;crosslink;improved;in vitro Model;induced pluripotent stem cell;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;myogenesis;novel;programs;skeletal disorder;skeletal muscle differentiation;stem cell differentiation;stem cells;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
35                                                                                                              Affinity;Anti-Inflammatory Agents;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological Assay;Breast Cancer Patient;Breast Cancer cell line;Breast cancer metastasis;Cancer Etiology;Cell Survival;Cells;Cessation of life;Chromatography;Complex;Computer Models;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Detection;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Distant Metastasis;Docking;Drops;Education;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;Equipment;Event;FDA approved;Family;Fluorescence;Future;Goals;Human;In Vitro;Incentives;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Bowel Diseases;Interleukin-6;Intervention;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Localized Disease;Lupus;MDA MB 231;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Neoplasms;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Metastatic breast cancer;Modeling;Monoclonal Antibodies;Neoplasm Metastasis;Nonmetastatic;Nuclear Magnetic Resonance;Patients;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Prognosis;Property;Proteins;Public Health;Quality of life;Recurrence;Reporting;Research;Rheumatoid Arthritis;Role;Science;Sepsis;Serum;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Students;Survival Rate;System;Systemic Therapy;T47D;Testing;Therapeutic;Toxic effect;Training;Transitional Cell;Tumor Tissue;United States;United States National Institutes of Health;Western Blotting;Woman;analog;base;career;cytokine;design;detection method;drug development;epithelial to mesenchymal transition;experimental study;improved;in silico;in vitro testing;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;metastasis prevention;migration;nanomolar;neoplastic cell;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;oncostatin M;overexpression;patient prognosis;programs;receptor;receptor binding;scaffold;screening;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;small molecule libraries;therapeutic target;undergraduate student;wound healing
36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3-Dimensional;Adopted;Adoption;Algorithms;Anisotropy;Awareness;Behavior;Biological;Biomechanics;Cells;Chemicals;Collagen;Communities;Computer software;Confocal Microscopy;Congresses;Cytoskeleton;Dense Connective Tissue;Dependence;Devices;Documentation;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Fibroblasts;Fluorescence Microscopy;Future;Growth;Image;Intuition;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Length;Liver;Manuals;Mathematics;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Molecular;Muscle;Notification;Operating System;Optics;Parents;Periodicity;Property;Publications;Pythons;Research;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Science;Software Engineering;Software Tools;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Students;System;Testing;Textiles;Tissues;Universities;Validation;base;biological systems;cloud based;design;engineering design;image processing;imaging modality;improved;light microscopy;materials science;mechanical behavior;microscopic imaging;muscle engineering;preference;repaired;scaffold;soft tissue;software development;spatiotemporal;symposium;tool;tumor;two-dimensional
37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2019-nCoV;Active Learning;Adoption;Affect;Air;Animals;Antiviral Agents;Antiviral Response;Area;Argon;Atmospheric Pressure;Biological Assay;Biological Sciences;Cells;Charcoal;Chemicals;Clinical;Clostridium difficile;Communicable Diseases;Complex;Consumption;Containment;Coronavirus;Coronavirus Infections;Coupled;Crowding;Decontamination;Deposition;Devices;Disease;Disinfectants;Disinfection;Effectiveness;Engineering;Environment;Environmental Hazards;Equipment;Excision;Feline Calicivirus;Floor;Gases;Geometry;Goals;Government;Head;Health;Health Care Costs;Health Hazards;Healthcare;Hospitals;Hour;Human;Human Resources;Internships;Knowledge;Laboratories;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Motion;Murine hepatitis virus;Nitrogen;Norovirus;Outcome;Oxygen;Ozone;Paint;Pathway interactions;Plasma;Power Sources;Property;Public Health;Pump;Recovery;Reproduction spores;Research;Resources;Risk;Robot;Robotics;Sampling;Scanning;Scientist;Shapes;Societies;Solid;Structure;Suction;Surface;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Universities;Vaccines;Vacuum;Viral;Virus;air filtration;antimicrobial;arm;base;cost;cost effective;density;design;graduate student;health care settings;human coronavirus;improved;infection rate;meetings;methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus;mobile computing;new technology;novel;novel coronavirus;operation;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;pathogenic microbe;pathogenic virus;programs;public health relevance;response;robotic system;success;summer research;topical antiseptic;transmission process;undergraduate student;visual control;wasting
38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Affect;Antibiotic Therapy;Antibiotics;Atherosclerosis;Bacteria;Biological Assay;Biology;Blindness;Categories;Cell division;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chronic;Clinical;Collection;Data;Development;Developmental Gene;Diagnosis;Disease;Eukaryotic Cell;Excision;Eye Infections;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Growth;Hour;Human;Infection;Iron;Kinetics;Lead;Life Cycle Stages;Lifting;Link;Microscopic;Modeling;Molecular;Morbidity - disease rate;Nutrient;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pattern;Peptidoglycan;Persons;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Polyploidy;Process;Production;Reporter;Reporter Genes;Reporting;Reproductive Health;Respiratory Disease;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Starvation;Stress;System;Testing;Time;Trachoma;Treatment Failure;Tryptophan;Vertebrates;Women&apos;s Health;Zoonoses;cell type;chronic infection;design;environmental stressor;falls;human pathogen;inhibitor;live cell imaging;live cell microscopy;member;pathogenic bacteria;promoter;recurrent infection;response;transcriptome sequencing
39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Affect;Antibiotic Therapy;Antibiotics;Atherosclerosis;Bacteria;Biological Assay;Biology;Blindness;Categories;Cell division;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chronic;Clinical;Collection;Data;Development;Developmental Gene;Diagnosis;Disease;Eukaryotic Cell;Excision;Eye Infections;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Growth;Hour;Human;Infection;Iron;Kinetics;Lead;Life Cycle Stages;Lifting;Link;Lung diseases;Microscopic;Modeling;Molecular;Morbidity - disease rate;Nutrient;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pattern;Peptidoglycan;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Polyploidy;Process;Production;Reporter;Reporter Genes;Reporting;Reproductive Health;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Starvation;Stress;System;Testing;Time;Trachoma;Treatment Failure;Tryptophan;Vertebrates;Women&apos;s Health;Zoonoses;cell type;chronic infection;design;environmental stressor;falls;human pathogen;inhibitor/antagonist;live cell imaging;live cell microscopy;member;pathogenic bacteria;promoter;recurrent infection;response;transcriptome sequencing
40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         5&apos; Untranslated Regions;Address;Adrenal Cortex Hormones;Affect;Affinity;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biological;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Career Choice;Cells;Cicatrix;Code;Collagen;Collagen Type I;Development;Disease;Dissociation;Double-Stranded RNA;Electrostatics;Elements;Entropy;Environment;Exposure to;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Goals;Heart;Heart Diseases;Home;Homeostasis;Human;Human Pathology;Impaired wound healing;In Vitro;Inflammatory;Initiator Codon;Institution;Internships;Intestines;Kidney;Kinetics;Lead;Link;Liver;Liver diseases;Lung;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Mentors;Messenger RNA;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Target;Morbidity - disease rate;Mutation;Nucleotides;Organ;Outcome;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Production;Proteins;RNA;RNA Recognition Motif;RNA-Binding Proteins;Regulation;Regulatory Element;Research;Resolution;Resources;Rest;Site;Skin;Source;Structure;Students;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Training;Trans-Activators;Translational Regulation;Translations;Universities;Work;base;cis acting element;design;effective therapy;enthalpy;experience;extracellular;mortality;mutant;nanomolar;novel;novel therapeutics;programs;protein expression;recruit;repaired;side effect;stem;student training;summer research;translation assay;treatment strategy;undergraduate student
41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             5&apos; Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Affinity;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biomedical Research;Calorimetry;Cells;Cessation of life;Chronic;Code;Collagen;Collagen Type I;Developed Countries;Disease;Dissociation;Elements;Entropy;Fibrosis;Goals;Heart;Homeostasis;Initiator Codon;Intestines;Ions;Kidney;Kinetics;Lead;Liver;Luciferases;Lung;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Target;Mutation;NMR Spectroscopy;Organ;Organ failure;Pathologic;Production;Proteins;RNA;RNA-Binding Proteins;Regulation;Reporter;Resolution;Skin;Structure;System;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Titrations;Translation Initiation;Translations;Up-Regulation;Work;base;experience;extracellular;mutant;novel therapeutics;rational design;repaired;stem;undergraduate student;wound healing
42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Accounting;Address;Adoption;American;Caring;Characteristics;Clinical;Communities;Data Analyses;Data Set;Foundations;Funding;Future;Health;Individual;Intervention;Literature;Manuscripts;Measurement;Mental Health;Mental disorders;Methodology;Methods;Mission;National Institute of Mental Health;Outcome;Partner in relationship;Patient Care;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Personal Satisfaction;Pilot Projects;Population;Predictive Factor;Process;Provider;Publishing;Reference Values;Reporter;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;Sample Size;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Speed;System;Testing;Translations;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;behavioral health;community setting;cost;design;evidence base;experience;health care quality;health care settings;implementation design;implementation determinants;implementation research;implementation science;implementation strategy;implementation study;improved;interest;patient population;power analysis;predictive modeling;prevent;study characteristics;study population;tool
43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Accounting;Address;Adoption;American;Caring;Characteristics;Clinical;Communities;Data Analyses;Data Set;Foundations;Funding;Future;Health;Individual;Intervention;Literature;Manuscripts;Measurement;Mental Health;Mental disorders;Methodology;Methods;Mission;National Institute of Mental Health;Outcome;Partner in relationship;Patient Care;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Personal Satisfaction;Pilot Projects;Population;Predictive Factor;Process;Provider;Publishing;Reference Values;Reporter;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;Sample Size;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Speed;System;Testing;Translations;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;behavioral health;community setting;cost;design;evidence base;experience;health care quality;health care settings;implementation design;implementation determinants;implementation research;implementation science;implementation strategy;implementation study;improved;interest;patient population;power analysis;predictive modeling;prevent;study characteristics;study population;tool
44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller&apos;s cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Regenerative capacity;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;macrophage;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;novel;regenerative;regenerative approach;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Central Nervous System;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Macrophage;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller&apos;s cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Regenerative capacity;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;neuron regeneration;novel;pharmacologic;regenerative;regenerative approach;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Antibodies;Automobile Driving;Brain;Breast Cancer Cell;Breast Cancer Model;Breast Cancer Patient;Breast cancer metastasis;Cancer Biology;Cause of Death;Cell Count;Cells;Complex;Data;Detection;Development;Distant Metastasis;ERBB2 gene;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;Epithelial;Epithelium;Estrogen Receptor alpha;Estrogen receptor negative;Extracellular Matrix;FDA approved;Family;Female Breast Carcinoma;Fluorescence;Gene Expression;Goals;Human;Immunoprecipitation;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Interleukin 6 Receptor;Interleukin-6;Intervention;Knowledge;Label;Laboratories;Legal patent;Literature;Liver;Lung;Mammary Neoplasms;Measures;Mediating;Mediation;Mesenchymal;Metastatic Neoplasm to the Bone;Metastatic Neoplasm to the Lung;Metastatic breast cancer;Methods;Microscope;Neoplasm Circulating Cells;Neoplasm Metastasis;Organ;Osteolytic;Patients;Phenotype;Population;Production;Proteins;Publishing;Regulation;Research;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Role;STAT3 gene;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Spectrum Analysis;Survival Rate;T-Lymphocyte;Testing;Therapeutic;Tumor Cell Invasion;Western Blotting;Woman;Work;base;bone;cytokine;expectation;genetic manipulation;improved;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;macrophage;malignant breast neoplasm;metastatic process;monocyte;mouse model;neoplastic cell;neutralizing monoclonal antibodies;neutrophil;novel;novel therapeutics;oncostatin M;patient population;progesterone receptor negative;receptor;targeted treatment;translational impact;triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma;tumor;tumor microenvironment
47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller&apos;s cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Regenerative capacity;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;macrophage;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;novel;regenerative;regenerative approach;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Adolescent;Biological;CRISPR/Cas technology;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Extracts;Color;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Data Set;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Disease;Exhibits;Fishes;Follow-Up Studies;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hormone use;Human;Human X Chromosome;In Situ Hybridization;In Vitro;Individual;Injury;Knock-out;Knowledge;Locus Control Region;Maintenance;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Neurons;Opsin;Organism;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Phototransduction;Population;Process;Public Health;RXR;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Research;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Role;Testing;Thyroid Hormone Receptor;Thyroid Hormones;Validation;Zebrafish;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;chromatin remodeling;combinatorial;differential expression;gain of function;gene therapy;hormonal signals;insight;loss of function;member;receptor;response;single-cell RNA sequencing;synaptogenesis;tool;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;treatment strategy;vision science
49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Adolescent;Biological;CRISPR/Cas technology;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Extracts;Cells;Color;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Data Set;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Disease;Exhibits;Fishes;Follow-Up Studies;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hormone use;Human;Human X Chromosome;In Situ Hybridization;In Vitro;Individual;Injury;Knock-out;Knowledge;Locus Control Region;Maintenance;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Neurons;Opsin;Organism;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Phototransduction;Population;Process;Public Health;RXR;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Research;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Role;Testing;Thyroid Hormone Receptor;Thyroid Hormones;Validation;Zebrafish;base;cell type;chromatin remodeling;combinatorial;differential expression;gain of function;gene therapy;hormonal signals;insight;loss of function;member;receptor;response;single-cell RNA sequencing;synaptogenesis;tool;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;treatment strategy;vision science
50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Adolescent;Biological;CRISPR/Cas technology;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Extracts;Color;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Data Set;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Disease;Exhibits;Fishes;Follow-Up Studies;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hormone use;Human;Human X Chromosome;In Situ Hybridization;In Vitro;Individual;Injury;Knock-out;Knowledge;Locus Control Region;Maintenance;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Neurons;Opsin;Organism;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Phototransduction;Population;Process;Public Health;RXR;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Research;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Role;Testing;Thyroid Hormone Receptor;Thyroid Hormones;Validation;Zebrafish;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;chromatin remodeling;combinatorial;differential expression;gain of function;gene therapy;hormonal signals;insight;loss of function;member;receptor;response;single-cell RNA sequencing;synaptogenesis;tool;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;treatment strategy;vision science
51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller&apos;s cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;macrophage;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;novel;regenerative;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Cell Adhesion;Cell Communication;Cells;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Surface;Techniques;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Ursidae Family;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;brain cell;combat;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;tool
53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Cell Adhesion;Cell Communication;Cells;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Persons;Pharmacology;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Surface;Techniques;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Ursidae Family;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;brain cell;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;tool
54                                                                                                                                                                                                           AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Blood brain barrier dysfunction;Cell Adhesion Inhibition;Cell Communication;Cell Separation;Cells;Central Nervous System;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Persons;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Techniques;Testing;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;gene repression;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;pharmacologic;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;surface coating;tool
55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Cell Adhesion;Cell Communication;Cells;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Surface;Techniques;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Ursidae Family;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;brain cell;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;tool
56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Actins;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Structure;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proliferating;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;mimetics;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;transmission process;vibration
57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cues;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cues;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Bed rest;Bone Marrow;Cell Nucleus;Cell physiology;Chromatin;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Failure;Foundations;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Musculoskeletal;Nuclear;Obesity;Osteoporosis;Perception;Physical activity;Prevention;Process;Quality of life;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;aged;base;bone;design;effective therapy;improved;interest;mechanotransduction;novel;parent grant;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;stem cell aging;stem cells
62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Actins;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Structure;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proliferating;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;mimetics;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;transmission process;vibration
63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Academic Research Enhancement Awards;Address;Affinity;Amino Acid Sequence;Animals;Binding;Biochemistry;Biology;Cells;Cellular biology;ChIP-seq;Complex;Coupled;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA Sequence;DNA-Binding Proteins;Data;Dimensions;Dimerization;Disease;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Head;Health;Heterodimerization;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Molecular;Mutate;Organism;Output;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Procedures;Reporting;Research;Research Technics;Schedule;Signal Transduction;Students;System;Testing;Training;Transcript;Transcription Coactivator;Universities;base;dimer;experimental study;fundamental research;graduate student;high school;human disease;human tissue;improved;knowledge base;mammalian genome;monomer;notch protein;novel;preference;promoter;research and development;restraint;transcription factor;undergraduate student
64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;rational design;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;rational design;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;protein structure;sex
72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physical assessment;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       3-Dimensional;Affect;Algorithms;Anabolism;Behavior;Biocompatible Materials;Bioreactors;Blood Vessels;Cells;Chronic;Collagen;Competence;Complex;Connective Tissue;Connective and Soft Tissue;Cues;Data;Dense Connective Tissue;Development;Dimensions;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Exposure to;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Fibroblasts;Gene Expression;Goals;Growth;Guidelines;Hospitals;Human;Incidence;Individual;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Ligaments;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mediating;Modeling;Modulus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Natural regeneration;Network-based;Outcome;Periodicity;Production;Productivity;Proteins;Public Health;Quality of life;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Role;Scientist;Shapes;Stimulus;Stress;Surface;Tendon structure;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;United States;Universities;Validation;Visit;Work;Workplace;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;clinical practice;conditioning;cost;density;design;effective therapy;evidence base;experimental study;functional restoration;healing;improved;in vivo;injured;kinematics;mathematical model;mechanical behavior;mechanical properties;novel;predictive modeling;preservation;regenerative;repaired;scaffold;soft tissue;stress state;undergraduate student
76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;digital health;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation efforts;implementation intervention;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;pilot test;provider behavior;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Behavior;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Caring;Clinical;Communities;Complex;Data;Evidence based practice;Failure;Funding;Healthcare;Infrastructure;Intervention;Interview;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Methods;Organizational Change;Outcome;Parents;Policies;Public Health;Randomized Controlled Trials;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Scientist;Supervision;Techniques;Testing;United States National Institutes of Health;Variant;Work;Workforce Development;Workplace;Youth;base;career;clinical practice;cost;design;digital;experimental study;implementation strategy;improved;infrastructure development;innovation;organizational climate;programs;psychosocial;randomized trial;theories
79                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;digital health;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation efforts;implementation intervention;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;provider behavior;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;digital health;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation efforts;implementation intervention;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;pilot test;provider behavior;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Behavior;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Anatomy;Biological Markers;Biomechanics;Brain;Brain Stem;Cardiac;Cerebellar tonsil;Cerebrospinal Fluid;Chiari Malformation Type 1;Clinical;Clinical Management;Common Data Element;Data;Diagnosis;Diagnostic;Diagnostic radiologic examination;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Etiology;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Headache;Image;Image Analysis;Incidental Findings;Lead;Left;Location;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Morphology;Motion;Multicenter Studies;Neuraxis;Obstruction;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Patients;Phase;Physicians;Positioning Attribute;Posterior Fossa;Publications;Research;Research Project Grants;Spinal Cord;Stretching;Symptoms;Techniques;Testing;Tissues;Tonsil;United States National Institutes of Health;Vertebral column;Work;base;brain tissue;bulk motion;common symptom;cost;foramen magnum;high risk;malformation;member;nervous system disorder;novel;operation;overtreatment;pressure;relating to nervous system;skull base;success;symptomatic improvement;tissue stress;tool
83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Anatomy;Biological Markers;Biomechanics;Brain;Brain Stem;Cardiac;Cerebellar tonsil;Cerebrospinal Fluid;Chiari Malformation Type 1;Clinical;Clinical Management;Common Data Element;Data;Diagnosis;Diagnostic;Diagnostic radiologic examination;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Etiology;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Headache;Image;Incidental Findings;Lead;Left;Location;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Morphology;Motion;Multicenter Studies;Neuraxis;Obstruction;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Patients;Phase;Physicians;Positioning Attribute;Posterior Fossa;Publications;Research;Research Project Grants;Spinal Cord;Stretching;Symptoms;Techniques;Testing;Tissues;Tonsil;United States National Institutes of Health;Vertebral column;Work;base;brain tissue;bulk motion;common symptom;cost;foramen magnum;high risk;malformation;member;nervous system disorder;novel;operation;overtreatment;pressure;relating to nervous system;skull base;success;symptomatic improvement;tissue stress;tool
84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Antibiotics;Antimicrobial Resistance;Atherosclerosis;Back;Bacteria;Binding;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological Assay;Blindness;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cells;Chemicals;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chromosomes;Complex;DNA-Binding Proteins;Data;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Environment;Environmental Risk Factor;Equilibrium;Etiology;Eukaryotic Cell;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Growth;Histone H1;Histones;Homologous Gene;Hour;Indiana;Infection;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Lung diseases;Maps;Microbial Antibiotic Resistance;Molecular;Mutagenesis;Organism;PAWR protein;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Penicillins;Phase;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Process;Production;Proteins;Regulation;Reporter;Role;Sexually Transmitted Agents;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Signal Transduction;Suppressor Mutations;Temperature;Time;Trachoma;Translations;Universities;Untranslated RNA;Viral;Work;Zoonoses;cell type;genetic approach;genome sequencing;human pathogen;live cell imaging;man;mutant;new therapeutic target;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;programs;targeted treatment;temperature sensitive mutant;therapeutic target;whole genome
85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Antibiotics;Antimicrobial Resistance;Atherosclerosis;Back;Bacteria;Binding;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological Assay;Blindness;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cells;Chemicals;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chromosomes;Complex;DNA-Binding Proteins;Data;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Environment;Environmental Risk Factor;Equilibrium;Etiology;Eukaryotic Cell;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Growth;Histone H1;Histones;Homologous Gene;Hour;Indiana;Infection;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Lung diseases;Maps;Microbial Antibiotic Resistance;Molecular;Mutagenesis;One-Step dentin bonding system;Organism;PAWR protein;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Penicillins;Phase;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Process;Production;Proteins;Regulation;Reporter;Role;Sexually Transmitted Agents;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Signal Transduction;Suppressor Mutations;Temperature;Time;Trachoma;Translations;Universities;Untranslated RNA;Viral;Work;Zoonoses;cell type;genetic approach;genome sequencing;human pathogen;live cell imaging;man;mutant;new therapeutic target;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;programs;targeted treatment;temperature sensitive mutant;therapeutic target;whole genome
86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Accidental Falls;Adopted;Adult;Affect;Age;Age-Years;Aging;Anatomy;Arthralgia;Articular Range of Motion;Automobile Driving;Biomechanics;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cognitive;Competence;Data;Data Set;Elderly;Environmental Hazards;Equilibrium;Floor;Foundations;Friction;Funding;Gait;Goals;Human;Impaired cognition;Impairment;Injury;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joint Laxity;Joints;Knee;Knee joint;Link;Lower Extremity;Measures;Modeling;Motion;Movement;Muscle;Muscle Weakness;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Neuromechanics;Obesity;Older Population;Operative Surgical Procedures;Patients;Physiological;Polishes;Prevalence;Principal Component Analysis;Prospective Studies;Reaction;Recurrence;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Speed;Surface;Techniques;Therapeutic Intervention;Three-Dimensional Imaging;Training Programs;Translational Research;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Walking;Weight-Bearing state;Work;age effect;aged;aging population;balance testing;cartilage degradation;cognitive change;cohort;cost;experience;fall risk;falls;hazard;high risk;improved;innovation;insight;kinematics;knee mechanics;knee replacement arthroplasty;muscle strength;neuromuscular;response;young adult
87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Ablation;Address;Advanced Development;Aftercare;Animals;Area;Argon;Atmospheric Pressure;Bacteria;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biomedical Engineering;Burn injury;Collagen;Colony-forming units;Complex;Computational algorithm;Computers;Confocal Microscopy;Conscious;Debridement;Development;Devices;Diabetes Mellitus;Ear;Education;Engineering;Environment;Excision;Family suidae;Fluorescence;Fluorescence Microscopy;Glass;Goals;Health Care Costs;Healthcare;Histology;Hybrids;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Techniques;In Vitro;Interdisciplinary Study;Internships;Ions;Knowledge;Location;Measures;Medical Device;Mentors;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Necrosis;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Oxygen;Pain;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Positioning Attribute;Procedures;Process;Protocols documentation;Pseudomonas;Public Health;Reactive Oxygen Species;Readiness;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resolution;Robotics;Sampling;Science;Site;Solid;Source;Stains;Staphylococcus aureus;Stream;Surface;System;Techniques;Time;Tissue Model;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Training;Trypan Blue;Vascular Diseases;Width;Wound Infection;arm;career;cell killing;chronic wound;cost;design;experimental study;graduate student;healing;histological specimens;imaging system;improved;in vivo;instrument;light microscopy;matrigel;microbial;microscopic imaging;novel therapeutics;optical imaging;pain reduction;portability;public health relevance;research and development;response;scalpel;success;summer research;undergraduate student;wound
88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mammary;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;preventive intervention;protein metabolite;virtual
89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Partner in relationship;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Preventive Intervention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;protein metabolite;virtual
90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Preventive Intervention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;protein metabolite;virtual
91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Partner in relationship;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Preventive Intervention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogen;prevent;protein metabolite;virtual
92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mammary;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;preventive intervention;protein metabolite;virtual
93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Agriculture;Alfalfa;Biological Monitoring;COVID-19;Child;Clinic;Crossover Design;Data;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Enrollment;Ensure;Exposure to;Far East;First Pregnancy Trimester;Food;Funding;Genetic Engineering;Grant;Herbicides;Idaho;Infant;Informed Consent;Institutional Review Boards;Instruction;K-Series Research Career Programs;Location;Maps;Measurement;Measures;Modification;Oregon;Organic Food;Participant;Pregnant Women;Procedures;Protocols documentation;Randomized;Research Personnel;Resistance;Rivers;Sampling;Seasons;Series;Snakes;Source;Students;Toxic effect;Urine;Woman;agricultural community;cohort;design;dietary;exposed human population;falls;glyphosate;interest;meetings;pesticide exposure;recruit;sample collection;success
94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agriculture;Agrochemicals;Animals;Area;Biological;Biological Monitoring;Birth;Carcinogens;Child;Cohort Studies;Consensus;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Excretory function;Exposure to;Faculty;Food;Formulation;Frequencies;Funding;Future;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Half-Life;Health;Herbicides;Human;Individual;International Agency for Research on Cancer;Intervention;Literature;Location;Measurement;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Modification;Neurologic;Organic Food;Outcome;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pesticides;Plants;Population;Pregnancy Trimesters;Pregnant Women;Publishing;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resistance;Roundup;Sampling;Science;Second Pregnancy Trimester;Soil;Source;Spottings;Surface;Third Pregnancy Trimester;Toxic effect;Toxicology;Training;Urine;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Water;Woman;agricultural pesticide;base;cohort;exposed human population;glyphosate;ground water;improved;individual variation;member;offspring;prenatal exposure;recruit;repository;sample collection;training opportunity;urban area;urinary
95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agriculture;Agrochemicals;Animals;Area;Biological;Biological Monitoring;Birth;Carcinogens;Child;Cohort Studies;Consensus;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Excretory function;Exposure to;Faculty;Food;Formulation;Frequencies;Funding;Future;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Half-Life;Health;Herbicides;Human;Individual;International Agency for Research on Cancer;Intervention;Literature;Location;Measurement;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Modification;Neurologic;Organic Food;Outcome;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pesticides;Plants;Population;Pregnancy Trimesters;Pregnant Women;Publishing;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resistance;Roundup;Sampling;Science;Second Pregnancy Trimester;Soil;Source;Spottings;Surface;Third Pregnancy Trimester;Toxic effect;Toxicology;Training;Urine;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Water;Woman;agricultural pesticide;base;cohort;exposed human population;glyphosate;ground water;improved;individual variation;member;offspring;prenatal exposure;recruit;repository;sample collection;training opportunity;urban area;urinary
96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agriculture;Agrochemicals;Animals;Area;Biological;Biological Monitoring;Birth;Carcinogens;Child;Cohort Studies;Consensus;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Excretory function;Exposure to;Faculty;Food;Formulation;Frequencies;Funding;Future;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Half-Life;Health;Herbicides;Human;Individual;International Agency for Research on Cancer;Intervention;Literature;Location;Measurement;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Modification;Neurologic;Organic Food;Outcome;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pesticides;Plants;Population;Pregnancy Trimesters;Pregnant Women;Publishing;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resistance;Roundup;Sampling;Science;Second Pregnancy Trimester;Soil;Source;Spottings;Surface;Third Pregnancy Trimester;Toxic effect;Toxicology;Training;Urine;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Water;Woman;agricultural pesticide;base;cohort;exposed human population;glyphosate;ground water;improved;individual variation;member;offspring;prenatal exposure;recruit;repository;sample collection;training opportunity;urban area;urinary
97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Age related macular degeneration;Blindness;Cell physiology;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Clinical;Collaborations;Color Visions;Communities;Cone;Development;Disease;Embryo;Event;Funding;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Human;In Situ Hybridization;Injury;Label;Laboratories;Lead;Lesion;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Natural regeneration;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Patients;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Property;Protocols documentation;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Reporting;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinitis Pigmentosa;Retinoid Receptor;Retinoids;Series;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Transplantation;Treatment Protocols;Vertebrates;Zebrafish;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;extracellular;gene replacement therapy;gene therapy;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;imaging approach;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;loss of function;photoreceptor progenitor;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;retinal rods;small molecule;stem cell differentiation;transcriptome sequencing;vision science
98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1q23;1q42;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biological Neural Networks;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;combat;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1q23;1q42;3-Dimensional;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosome 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Gene Silencing;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;combat;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;neural network;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1q23;1q42;3-Dimensional;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosome 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Gene Silencing;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;neural network;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1q23;1q42;3-Dimensional;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Gene Silencing;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;combat;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;neural network;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases;Address;Adult;Cell Hypoxia;Cells;Chondrocytes;Cleaved cell;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Collagen Type I;Defect;Dermal;Development;Differentiation Antigens;Engineering;Enzymes;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Extracellular Space;FRAP1 gene;Fibroblasts;Foundations;Gelatinase A;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Growth Factor;Human;Hypoxia Inducible Factor;In Vitro;Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway;Interstitial Collagenase;Knockout Mice;MMP-20;Matrix Metalloproteinases;Mechanics;Mesenchymal;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Motion;Musculoskeletal;Normal tissue morphology;Osteoblasts;Pathway interactions;Periodicity;Play;Porifera;Production;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Role;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Stimulus;Structure;Tendon Injuries;Tendon structure;Testing;Time;Tissue Engineering;Tissues;bHLH-PAS factor HLF;base;cell type;clinical translation;early embryonic stage;experimental study;fibrillogenesis;healing;in vivo;injured;innovation;insight;mechanical load;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;regenerative therapy;response;scaffold;stem cell differentiation;tendon development;tissue regeneration
103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases;Address;Adult;Cell Hypoxia;Cells;Chondrocytes;Cleaved cell;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Collagen Type I;Defect;Dermal;Development;Differentiation Antigens;Engineering;Enzymes;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Extracellular Space;FRAP1 gene;Fibroblasts;Foundations;Gelatinase A;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Growth Factor;Human;Hypoxia Inducible Factor;In Vitro;Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway;Interstitial Collagenase;Knockout Mice;MMP-20;Matrix Metalloproteinases;Mechanics;Mesenchymal;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Motion;Musculoskeletal;Normal tissue morphology;Osteoblasts;Pathway interactions;Periodicity;Play;Porifera;Production;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Role;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Stimulus;Structure;Tendon Injuries;Tendon structure;Testing;Time;Tissue Engineering;Tissues;bHLH-PAS factor HLF;base;cell type;clinical translation;early embryonic stage;experimental study;fibrillogenesis;healing;in vivo;injured;innovation;insight;mechanical load;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;regenerative therapy;response;scaffold;stem cell differentiation;tendon development;tissue regeneration
104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Academic achievement;Adolescence;Adolescent;Adolescent Behavior;Adoption;Age;Alcohol consumption;Alcohols;Belief;Brain;Computers;Data;Decision Making;Development;Effectiveness of Interventions;Emotional;Emotions;Evidence based program;Feedback;Goals;Heavy Drinking;High School Student;Informal Social Control;Intervention;Mediating;National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;Online Systems;Outcome;Pattern;Persons;Population;Process;Public Health;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Schools;Social Problems;Students;Subgroup;Surveys;Teenagers;Testing;Time;Training;Treatment Efficacy;United States;Work;Youth;age group;aged;alcohol expectancy;alcohol intervention;alcohol related consequences;alcohol use initiation;base;brief intervention;college;cost effective;drinking;emerging adulthood;high school;improved;intervention cost;junior high school;longitudinal design;neuroimaging;normative feedback;peer;programs;psychosocial;reduced alcohol use;sex;skills;social;twelfth grade;underage drinking;underage drinking reduction;university student;young adult
105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Academic achievement;Adolescence;Adolescent;Adolescent Behavior;Adoption;Age;Alcohol consumption;Alcohols;Belief;Brain;Computers;Data;Decision Making;Development;Effectiveness of Interventions;Emotional;Emotions;Evidence based program;Feedback;Goals;Heavy Drinking;High School Student;Informal Social Control;Intervention;Mediating;National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;Online Systems;Outcome;Pattern;Persons;Population;Process;Public Health;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Schools;Social Problems;Students;Subgroup;Surveys;Teenagers;Testing;Time;Training;Treatment Efficacy;United States;Work;Youth;age group;aged;alcohol expectancy;alcohol intervention;alcohol related consequences;alcohol use initiation;base;brief intervention;college;cost effective;drinking;emerging adulthood;high school;improved;intervention cost;junior high school;longitudinal design;neuroimaging;normative feedback;peer;programs;psychosocial;reduced alcohol use;sex;skills;social;twelfth grade;underage drinking;underage drinking reduction;university student;young adult
106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Acute;Address;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Comorbidity;Country;Data;Defect;Endothelium;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitalization;Human;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-3;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Acute;Address;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Country;Data;Defect;Endothelium;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Epithelium;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitalization;Human;IL3 Gene;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;comorbidity;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;intestinal barrier;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Acute;Address;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Country;Data;Defect;Endothelium;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitalization;Human;IL3 Gene;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;comorbidity;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;intestinal barrier;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Acute;Address;Admission activity;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophilic Cell;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Comorbidity;Country;Data;Defect;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitals;Human;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-3;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Affect;Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Death;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Dementia;Development;Disease;EWSR1 gene;Environment;Excision;Exhibits;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hela Cells;Investigation;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mediating;Metabolism;Modeling;Molecular;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Parkinsonian Disorders;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Patients;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Process;Proteins;RNA;RNA-Binding Proteins;Reporting;Research;Signal Pathway;Students;Substantia nigra structure;Testing;Universities;Validation;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;graduate student;improved;inhibition of autophagy;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;neuron loss;novel;novel therapeutics;programs;protein aggregate;public health relevance;sarcoma;therapy development;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate student
111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;professor;programs;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Biomedical Research;Communities;Data;Degree program;Funding;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Mentors;Research;Research Personnel;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;experience;faculty mentor;improved;peer coaching;programs;recruit;retention rate;statistics;success;summer research;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
114                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Adult;Affect;Age-Months;Aging;Anatomy;Axon;BCL2 gene;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Cell Density;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cone;Confocal Microscopy;Contrast Sensitivity;Data;Dendrites;Dendritic Cells;Development;Developmental Biology;Disease;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Electrophysiology (science);Environment;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Glaucoma;Glutamate Receptor;Glutamates;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Human;Idaho;Image;Image Analysis;In Vitro;Individual;Knock-out;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Light;Location;Longevity;Macular degeneration;Maps;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Morphology;Mosaicism;Mus;Mutation;Natural regeneration;Nervous system structure;Neurons;Output;Pattern;Peripheral;Photoreceptors;Physiology;Population;Proteins;Quality of life;Reagent;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Universities;Vision;Wild Type Mouse;age related;axon growth;base;computerized tools;density;developmental genetics;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;ganglion cell;kainate;mutant;nervous system disorder;neural circuit;novel;postnatal;prevent;receptive field;repaired;response;retinal neuron;retinal rods;small molecule;synaptogenesis;targeted treatment;transmission process;two-photon;visual information
115                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;laboratory experience;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;undergraduate research experience;university student
116                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Adult;Affect;Age-Months;Aging;Anatomy;Axon;BCL2 gene;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Cell Density;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cone;Confocal Microscopy;Contrast Sensitivity;Data;Dendrites;Dendritic Cells;Development;Developmental Biology;Disease;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Electrophysiology (science);Environment;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Glaucoma;Glutamate Receptor;Glutamates;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Human;Idaho;Image;Image Analysis;In Vitro;Knock-out;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Light;Location;Longevity;Macular degeneration;Maps;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Morphology;Mosaicism;Mus;Mutation;Natural regeneration;Nervous system structure;Neurons;Output;Pattern;Peripheral;Photoreceptors;Physiology;Population;Proteins;Quality of life;Reagent;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Universities;Vision;Wild Type Mouse;age related;axon growth;base;computerized tools;density;developmental genetics;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;ganglion cell;individual response;kainate;mutant;nervous system disorder;neural circuit;novel;postnatal;prevent;receptive field;repaired;response;retinal neuron;retinal rods;small molecule;synaptogenesis;targeted treatment;transmission process;two-photon;visual information
117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;laboratory experience;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
118                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
119                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Advanced Malignant Neoplasm;Affinity;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological Models;Biotin;Blood;Blood Circulation;CD47 gene;Cell Death;Cells;Chimeric Proteins;Clinical;Complement;Digestion;Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm;Drug resistance;Engineering;Erythrocytes;Exposure to;Gammaretrovirus;Genes;Goals;Hematopoietic Neoplasms;Hour;Immobilization;Immune Evasion;Immune system;Injectable;Integrin alphaVbeta3;Integrins;Intravenous;Label;Ligands;Link;Lipids;Malignant Neoplasms;Masks;Medical;Membrane;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Nodule;Oncolytic;Oncolytic viruses;Phagocytes;Phagocytosis;Polyethylene Glycols;Proteins;Publishing;Recombinants;Reporting;Resistance;Role;SHPS-1 protein;Serum;Signal Transduction;Site;Streptavidin;Surface;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Treatment Efficacy;Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus;Viral;Virion;Virotherapy;Virus;Vitronectin;cancer cell;cancer therapy;immunoregulation;improved;macrophage;nanoparticle;neoplastic cell;neutralizing antibody;oncolysis;oncolytic virotherapy;prevent;protein biomarkers;success;targeted delivery;tumor;uptake;virus envelope
120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Advanced Malignant Neoplasm;Affinity;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological Models;Biotin;Blood;Blood Circulation;CD47 gene;Cell Death;Cells;Chimeric Proteins;Clinical;Complement;Digestion;Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm;Drug resistance;Engineering;Erythrocytes;Exposure to;Gammaretrovirus;Genes;Goals;Hematopoietic Neoplasms;Hour;Immobilization;Immune Evasion;Immune system;Integrin alphaVbeta3;Integrins;Intravenous;Label;Ligands;Link;Lipids;Malignant Neoplasms;Masks;Medical;Membrane;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Nodule;Oncolytic;Oncolytic viruses;Phagocytes;Phagocytosis;Polyethylene Glycols;Proteins;Publishing;Recombinants;Reporting;Resistance;Role;SHPS-1 protein;Serum;Signal Transduction;Site;Streptavidin;Surface;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Treatment Efficacy;Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus;Viral;Virion;Virotherapy;Virus;anti-cancer;cancer cell;cancer therapy;immunoregulation;improved;macrophage;nanoparticle;neoplastic cell;neutralizing antibody;oncolysis;oncolytic virotherapy;prevent;protein biomarkers;success;targeted delivery;tumor;uptake;virus envelope
121                                                                                               Acute;Address;Antibiotic Therapy;Antibiotics;Antiparasitic Agents;Basic Science;Biological;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Catabolism;Cell Culture Techniques;Cessation of life;Chronic;Collaborations;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Disease;Drug Design;Drug Targeting;Dysentery;Education;Emerging Communicable Diseases;Entamoeba histolytica;Enzymatic Biochemistry;Enzymes;Exhibits;Family;Future;Gastrointestinal Diseases;Generations;Giardia;Giardia lamblia;Global Change;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;In Vitro;Infection;Internships;Interruption;Intestines;Lead;Libraries;Mammalian Cell;Mentors;Methionine;Metronidazole;Microbe;Microscopy;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Biology;Monitor;National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease;Nature;New Agents;Nucleoside Hydrolases;Nucleosides;Nutrient;Organism;Parasites;Parasitic Diseases;Pathway interactions;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacotherapy;Polyamines;Poverty;Preclinical Testing;Process;Proteomics;Protozoa;Purines;Pyruvate Metabolism Pathway;Reaction;Refractory;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Resolution;Role;S-Adenosylmethionine;Specificity;Spectrum Analysis;Structure-Activity Relationship;Students;Sulfur;System;Testing;Toxic effect;Training;Translations;Treatment Failure;Trichomonas vaginalis;Universities;Urea;Validation;Work;antimicrobial;base;chemical synthesis;college;combat;drug candidate;drug development;experience;experimental study;improved;in vitro Model;in vitro activity;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;killings;liquid chromatography mass spectrometry;metabolomics;microorganism;multidisciplinary;neglect;novel;novel therapeutics;response;screening;small molecule inhibitor;student training;summer research;synergism;therapeutic target;undergraduate student;university student
122                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3-Dimensional;Biochemical Reaction;Biological Process;Biology;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Color;Complex;DNA;Disease;Distal;Elements;Engineering;Enhancers;Equipment;Fluorescence;Gene Activation;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genome;Goals;Health;Human;Kinetics;Label;Lasers;Learning;Length;Mathematics;Measures;Microscope;Monitor;Nature;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteins;RNA;RNA Splicing;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Scanning;Science;Site;Speed;Techniques;Technology;Time;Underrepresented Populations;Visualization;Work;broadening participation research;fluorescence imaging;member;molecular imaging;novel;single molecule;spatiotemporal;tool;undergraduate student
123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3-Dimensional;Address;Alternative Splicing;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Biological Process;COVID-19;COVID-19 treatment;Cardiomyopathies;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Clinical;Collaborations;Complex;Computer Models;Corticosterone;Coupling;DNA;Data;Dexamethasone;Disease;Distal;Elements;Estrogen Receptors;Eukaryotic Cell;Event;Fluorescence;Fluorescence Microscopy;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genome;Glucocorticoid Receptor;Goals;Hairy Cell Leukemia;Health;Hormones;Human;In Vitro;Institutes;Introns;Kinetics;Label;Laboratories;Length;Ligands;Light;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Measurement;Measures;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Myopathy;National Cancer Institute;Netherlands;Nuclear Export;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Patients;Pharmacologic Substance;Positioning Attribute;Process;Proteins;RNA;RNA Processing;RNA Splicing;Raloxifene;Regulation;Regulatory Element;Reporter Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Response Elements;Sampling;Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome;Side;Spectrum Analysis;Spliceosomes;Tamoxifen;Testing;Time;Transcript;Transcription Coactivator;Transcription Initiation;Transcriptional Activation;Universities;Work;acute myeloid leukemia cell;autism spectrum disorder;base;beta Globin;cell type;clinically relevant;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;genetic information;glucocorticoid-induced orphan receptor;in vivo;insight;malignant breast neoplasm;nervous system disorder;novel;physical model;public health relevance;receptor binding;response;single molecule;spatiotemporal;temporal measurement;time use;tool;transcription factor
124                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Acute Myelocytic Leukemia;Alternative Splicing;Autistic Disorder;Binding;Biological Process;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Cellular biology;Complex;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA sequencing;DNA-Binding Proteins;Dependence;Disease;Eukaryota;Eukaryotic Cell;Event;Exons;FXR1 gene;Fluorescence;Fluorescence Microscopy;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hairy Cell Leukemia;Health;Hereditary Disease;Hereditary Malignant Neoplasm;Human;Imagery;In Vitro;Individual;Introns;Kinetics;Label;Length;Malignant Neoplasms;Measurement;Measures;Microscope;Microscopy;Molecular;Monitor;Mutation;Myopathy;Nuclear Export;Optics;Parkinson Disease;Patients;Photobleaching;Physics;Process;RNA;RNA Processing;RNA Splicing;RNA chemical synthesis;Regulation;Reporter Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Site;Spectrum Analysis;Techniques;Time;Transcript;Transcription Initiation;Translations;Work;Zinc Fingers;base;beta Globin;epigenetic regulation;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;genetic information;genome editing;human disease;in vivo;mRNA Precursor;nervous system disorder;novel;public health relevance;single molecule;spatiotemporal;tool;two-photon
125                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Biological Models;Blindness;Blood;Blood Circulation;Blood Vessels;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Proliferation;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Characteristics;Coculture Techniques;Complex;Data;Defect;Development;Diabetic Retinopathy;Diffusion;Disease;Dissection;Embryo;Embryonic Eye;Endothelial Cells;Eye;Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Growth;Hemoglobin;Imagery;Intrinsic factor;Knowledge;Mammals;Mediating;Mediator of activation protein;Metabolic;Modeling;Molecular;Morphogenesis;Mus;Nature;Neural Retina;Neuroglia;Neurons;Norrie&apos;s disease;Nutrient;Optics;Outcome;Oxygen;Pathologic;Pathology;Pattern;Peripheral;Phenotype;Publishing;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinopathy of Prematurity;Risk;Role;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Stereotyping;Structure;System;Telangiectasis;Testing;Tissues;Transgenic Organisms;United States;Vascular Endothelial Cell;Vascular blood supply;Vision;Zebrafish;behavioral study;bevacizumab;blood vessel development;cell type;differential expression;effective therapy;gain of function;gliogenesis;imaging study;improved;in vivo;innovation;macula;malformation;nerve stem cell;neurodevelopment;neuroepithelium;neurogenesis;novel;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;transcriptome sequencing;two-dimensional;vascular abnormality;vascular contributions
126                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Biological Models;Blindness;Blood;Blood Circulation;Blood Vessels;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Proliferation;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Characteristics;Coculture Techniques;Complex;Data;Defect;Development;Diabetic Retinopathy;Diffusion;Disease;Dissection;Embryo;Embryonic Eye;Endothelial Cells;Eye;Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting;Future;Genes;Genetic;Growth;Hemoglobin;Image;Imagery;Intrinsic factor;Knowledge;Life;Mammals;Mediating;Mediator of activation protein;Metabolic;Modeling;Molecular;Morphogenesis;Mus;Nature;Neural Retina;Neuroglia;Neurons;Norrie&apos;s disease;Nutrient;Optics;Outcome;Oxygen;Pathology;Pattern;Peripheral;Phenotype;Publishing;RNA;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinopathy of Prematurity;Risk;Role;Signal Transduction;Staging;Stem cells;Stereotyping;Structure;System;Telangiectasis;Testing;Time;Tissues;Transgenic Organisms;United States;Vascular Endothelial Cell;Vascular blood supply;Vision;Zebrafish;abstracting;behavioral study;bevacizumab;blood vessel development;cell type;differential expression;effective therapy;gain of function;gliogenesis;improved;in vivo;innovation;macula;malformation;meetings;nerve stem cell;neuroepithelium;neurogenesis;novel;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;stem cell biology;stem cell niche;two-dimensional;vascular abnormality;vascular contributions
127                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Immunize;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematical Biology;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;epidemiology study;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;predictive modeling;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation;virtual
129                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Immunize;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematical Biology;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;epidemiology study;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;predictive modeling;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation;virtual
130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Immunize;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematical Biology;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;epidemiology study;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;predictive modeling;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation;virtual
131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Accounting;Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiologic Studies;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation
132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019-nCoV;Animals;Automobile Driving;Brucella;Chronic;Collaborations;Combined Vaccines;Cytomegalovirus;Development;Disease;Domestic Animals;Ebola;Effectiveness;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Face;Foundations;Genetic Engineering;Growth;Habitats;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunization Programs;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype;Injections;Laboratory Study;Lassa virus;Methodology;Modeling;Murid herpesvirus 1;Mus;Pattern;Penetration;Performance;Persons;Play;Population;Prevention;Procedures;Process;Property;Rabies;Rodent;Role;Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome;Source;Technology;Transgenes;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Validation;Vertebral column;Viral;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;Zoonoses;cost;design;experimental study;human disease;human pathogen;immunogenic;immunogenicity;in vivo;mathematical model;mathematical theory;new technology;novel;novel strategies;pandemic disease;pathogen;pathogen spillover;predictive modeling;pressure;prevent;programs;prototype;superinfection;trait;transmission process;vaccine candidate;vaccine development;vaccine distribution;vaccine evaluation;vector
133                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Affect;Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Death;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Dementia;Development;Disease;EWSR1 gene;Environment;Excision;Exhibits;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Health;Hela Cells;Investigation;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mediating;Metabolism;Modeling;Molecular;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Parkinsonian Disorders;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Patients;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Process;Proteins;RNA;RNA-Binding Proteins;Reporting;Research;Signal Pathway;Students;Substantia nigra structure;Testing;Universities;Validation;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;graduate student;improved;inhibition of autophagy;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;neuron loss;novel;novel therapeutics;programs;protein aggregate;sarcoma;therapy development;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate student
134                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Adult;Animal Model;BRAIN initiative;Behavior;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Confocal Microscopy;Data;Dendrites;Electron Microscopy;Environment;Eye;Failure;Generations;Genetic;Goals;Human;Imagery;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Mammals;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Natural regeneration;Neurites;Neuroglia;Neurons;Outcome Study;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Process;Property;Publishing;Reflex action;Reporter;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;SHH gene;Sampling;Source;Synapses;Testing;Time;Transgenes;Transgenic Organisms;Translating;Transplantation;Trauma;United States National Institutes of Health;Vision;Visual system structure;Zebrafish;cell type;computerized tools;connectome;ganglion cell;innovation;insight;neuron loss;neuronal replacement;preference;progenitor;public health relevance;regenerative;relating to nervous system;restoration;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;smoothened signaling pathway;teleost fish;tool;two-dimensional
135                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Adult;Animal Model;BRAIN initiative;Behavior;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Confocal Microscopy;Data;Dendrites;Electron Microscopy;Environment;Eye;Failure;Generations;Goals;Human;Imagery;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Mammals;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Morphology;Natural regeneration;Neurites;Neuroglia;Neurons;Outcome;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Process;Property;Publishing;Reflex action;Reporter;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;SHH gene;Sampling;Source;Synapses;Testing;Time;Transgenes;Transgenic Organisms;Translating;Transplantation;Trauma;United States National Institutes of Health;Vision;Visual system structure;Zebrafish;cell type;computerized tools;connectome;ganglion cell;innovation;insight;neuron loss;neuronal replacement;preference;progenitor;public health relevance;regenerative;relating to nervous system;restoration;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;smoothened signaling pathway;teleost fish;tool;two-dimensional
136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Academic Research Enhancement Awards;Acyl Carrier Protein;Acyl Coenzyme A;Acylation;Address;Affect;Anti-Bacterial Agents;Bacteria;Bacterial Infections;Binding;Biomedical Research;Burkholderia mallei;Chemicals;Chemistry;Communication;Complex;Data;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Enzymes;Goals;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Infection;Kinetics;Lactones;Mediating;Methionine;Microbial Biofilms;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Outcome;Physicians;Physiological;Play;Population Density;Process;Product R;Production;Research;Signal Transduction;Social Behavior;Students;Testing;Therapeutic;Toxin;United States National Institutes of Health;Virulence;analog;antimicrobial;base;career;combat;design;enzyme substrate complex;homoserine lactone;inhibitor/antagonist;insight;microbial;multi-drug resistant pathogen;non-Native;novel;public health relevance;quorum sensing;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool
137                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Algorithms;Award;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological;Cell Line;ChIP-seq;Chromatin;Collaborations;Complex;Computer software;Copy Number Polymorphism;DNA;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Data;Disease;Disease model;ERBB2 gene;Etiology;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Variation;Genome;Genomics;Genotype;Graph;Health;Human;Intervention;Investigation;Measures;Mentors;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Nuclear Receptors;Pathway Analysis;Phase;Phenotype;Population;Protein Binding;Proteins;Quantitative Trait Loci;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Resolution;Running;Scientist;Solid;Statistical Models;Stretching;Systems Biology;Testing;Training;Work;base;causal model;experience;genetic makeup;genome wide association study;innovation;insertion/deletion mutation;insight;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;novel;open source;research study;skills;statistics;transcription factor
138                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Algorithms;Award;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Binding Sites;Biological;Cell Line;ChIP-seq;Chromatin;Collaborations;Complex;Computer software;Copy Number Polymorphism;DNA;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Data;Disease;Disease model;ERBB2 gene;Etiology;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Variation;Genome;Genomics;Genotype;Graph;Human;Intervention;Investigation;Measures;Mentors;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Mutation;Nuclear Receptors;Pathway Analysis;Phase;Phenotype;Population;Proteins;Quantitative Trait Loci;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Resolution;Running;Scientist;Solid;Statistical Models;Stretching;Systems Biology;Testing;Tissue-Specific Gene Expression;Training;base;cancer subtypes;experience;experimental study;genetic makeup;genome wide association study;genomic data;innovation;insertion/deletion mutation;insight;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;novel;open source;public health relevance;skills;statistics;transcription factor
139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Address;Algorithms;Award;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Binding Sites;Biological;Cell Line;ChIP-seq;Chromatin;Collaborations;Complex;Computer software;Copy Number Polymorphism;DNA;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Data;Disease;Disease model;ERBB2 gene;Etiology;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Variation;Genome;Genomics;Genotype;Graph;Health;Human;Intervention;Investigation;Measures;Mentors;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Nuclear Receptors;Pathway Analysis;Phase;Phenotype;Population;Proteins;Quantitative Trait Loci;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Resolution;Running;Scientist;Solid;Statistical Models;Stretching;Systems Biology;Testing;Training;Work;base;cancer subtypes;causal model;experience;genetic makeup;genome wide association study;genomic data;innovation;insertion/deletion mutation;insight;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;novel;open source;research study;skills;statistics;transcription factor
140                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Drug Formulations;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Solutions;Specialist;Staging;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;career;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
144                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Recruitment Activity;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;base;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer;programs
145                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Epidemiologic Studies;Epidemiology;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Relative (related person);Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;base;co-infection;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transmission process;vector;virology
146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Acceleration;Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Persons;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Variant;Work;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
147                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Income;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;predictive modeling;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
148                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Algorithms;Anatomy;Attention;Breast;Breast Cancer Early Detection;Cause of Death;Characteristics;Complex;Computer-Assisted Diagnosis;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Set;Detection;Devices;Diagnosis;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Evaluation;Fatty acid glycerol esters;Feedback;Female;Goals;Human;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Device;Imaging Techniques;Judgment;Knowledge;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Neoplasms;Mammary Ultrasonography;Manuals;Mathematics;Medical;Medical Imaging;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Nature;Neural Network Simulation;Noise;Output;Painless;Performance;Process;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Shapes;Survival Rate;Testing;Texture;Tissue imaging;Tissues;Training;Tumor-Associated Process;Ultrasonography;United States;Universities;Update;Utah;Variant;Visual;Woman;Work;advanced breast cancer;base;breast imaging;clinical examination;computer aided detection;computerized tools;convolutional neural network;cost effective;deep learning;human model;image processing;imaging Segmentation;imaging properties;improved;innovation;learning strategy;malignant breast neoplasm;mammary;medical schools;model development;prospective;radiologist;spatial relationship;success;tool;tumor;ultrasound
149                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;Writing;base;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
150                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Antibiotics;Attention;Biological;Clostridium difficile;Communities;Complex;Data;Development;Disease;Environment;Etiology;Foundations;Goals;Health;Health Promotion;Human;Human Microbiome;Individual;Infection;Irritable Bowel Syndrome;Mathematics;Measures;Mediating;Methodology;Methods;Microbe;Modeling;Modernization;Outcome;Phase;Population;Population Dynamics;Population Genetics;Property;Research;Research Personnel;Resistance;Resources;Risk;Series;Statistical Methods;Time;Toxin;Translating;Work;alpha Toxin;base;clinically relevant;data analysis pipeline;design;high risk;innovation;interest;mathematical model;member;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;microbiome research;microorganism interaction;novel;opportunistic pathogen;pathogen;repaired;resilience;theories;tool;trait;vaginal microbiome
151                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Persons;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;base;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;spatial temporal variation;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
152                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Persons;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;Writing;base;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
153                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Affect;Algorithms;Alleles;Automobile Driving;Biological;Breast Cancer Patient;Clinical Data;Complex;Computing Methodologies;Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);DNA Methylation;DNA Sequence;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Disease model;Epigenetic Process;Etiology;Gene Combinations;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genetic Variation;Genotype;Goals;Individual;Lead;Link;Malignant Neoplasms;Mendelian randomization;Methods;Methylation;Modeling;Mutation;Patients;Phenotype;Plant Roots;Population;Process;Randomized;Regulatory Pathway;Research;Role;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Transcription Process;base;cancer subtypes;clinical phenotype;complex data;disorder subtype;effective therapy;experimental study;gene regulatory network;genetic variant;genomic data;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;molecular phenotype;network models;new therapeutic target;novel;simulation;tumor;tumor progression
154                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;base;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;spatial temporal variation;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
155                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Algorithms;Anatomy;Attention;Breast;Breast Cancer Early Detection;Cause of Death;Characteristics;Complex;Computer-Assisted Diagnosis;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Set;Detection;Devices;Diagnosis;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Evaluation;Fatty acid glycerol esters;Feedback;Female;Goals;Human;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Device;Imaging Techniques;Judgment;Knowledge;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Neoplasms;Mammary Ultrasonography;Manuals;Mathematics;Medical;Medical Imaging;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Nature;Neural Network Simulation;Noise;Output;Painless;Performance;Process;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Shapes;Survival Rate;Testing;Texture;Tissue imaging;Tissues;Training;Tumor-Associated Process;Ultrasonography;United States;Universities;Update;Utah;Variant;Visual;Woman;Work;advanced breast cancer;base;breast imaging;clinical examination;computer aided detection;computerized tools;convolutional neural network;cost effective;deep learning;human model;image processing;imaging Segmentation;imaging properties;improved;innovation;learning strategy;malignant breast neoplasm;mammary;medical schools;model development;prospective;radiologist;spatial relationship;success;tool;tumor
156                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Affect;Algorithms;Alleles;Automobile Driving;Biological;Breast Cancer Patient;Clinical Data;Complex;Computing Methodologies;Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);DNA Methylation;DNA Sequence;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Disease model;Epigenetic Process;Etiology;Gene Combinations;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genetic Variation;Genotype;Goals;Individual;Lead;Link;Malignant Neoplasms;Mendelian randomization;Methods;Methylation;Modeling;Mutation;Patients;Phenotype;Plant Roots;Population;Process;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Regulatory Pathway;Research;Role;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Transcription Process;base;cancer subtypes;clinical phenotype;complex data;disorder subtype;effective therapy;experimental study;genetic variant;genomic data;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;molecular phenotype;network models;new therapeutic target;novel;simulation;tumor;tumor progression
157                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Income;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
158                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Accounting;Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Respiratory tract structure;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Models;Testing;Time;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;in vitro Model;mathematical model;mortality;pathogen;pediatric patients;research study;respiratory;respiratory virus;response
159                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Staging;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
160                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infectious Agent;Infrastructure;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;predictive modeling;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Postdoctoral Fellow;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;improved;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;searchable database;success;web site;working group
162                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Address;Adoption;Affect;Age;Air;Area;Attention;Award;Biomedical Research;COVID-19;Centers of Research Excellence;Cities;Commerce;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consequentialism;Country;Data;Decision Making;Differential Equation;Disease;Disease Outbreaks;Disease model;Early Diagnosis;Economics;Education;Effectiveness of Interventions;Emotional;Ensure;Epidemic;Epidemiology;Faculty;Food Chain;Food production;Growth;Health;Health Personnel;Health Professional;Healthcare;Hospitals;Human Resources;Hybrids;Idaho;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Infrastructure;Intervention;Link;Measures;Modeling;Motivation;Natural Resources;Outcome;Output;Pattern;Phase;Play;Policy Maker;Positioning Attribute;Public Health;Recurrence;Research;Risk;Risk Factors;Role;Rural;Rural Community;Rural Population;Scientist;Shelter facility;Social Distance;Social Network;Source;Structure;Surveys;Time;Training;Travel;Treatment Efficacy;Uncertainty;Universities;Variant;Virus;Work;base;care burden;cost;dashboard;density;design;empowerment;epidemiological model;food resource;graphical user interface;health care availability;infection burden;insight;model design;next generation;pandemic disease;professor;recruit;tool;transmission process;urban area;virology;willingness
163                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;searchable database;success;web site;working group
164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Disparate;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Persons;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Shapes;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Work;Writing;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computer Simulation;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Public Policy;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Environment;Social Network;Sorting - Cell Movement;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Techniques;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home environment;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;base;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;spatial temporal variation;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
167                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Drug Formulations;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Goals;Health;Housing;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Left;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Solutions;Specialist;Staging;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success
168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;searchable database;success;web site;working group
169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Acceleration;Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Persons;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Variant;Work;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
170                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3-Dimensional;Amino Acid Sequence;Amino Acids;Chemicals;Color Visions;Complex;Data;Data Set;Development;Disease;Electronics;Engineering;Foundations;Genome;Goals;Homology Modeling;Human;Impairment;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Conformation;Mutation;Opsin;Pathologic;Phototransduction;Pigments;Population;Process;Property;Proteins;Quantum Mechanics;Research;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Running;Series;Statistical Models;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic;Vertebrate Photoreceptors;Vision;Visual;chromophore;computational pipelines;disease-causing mutation;improved;machine learning pipeline;molecular dynamics;molecular mechanics;molecular modeling;novel;novel strategies;optogenetics;phenome;predictive modeling;simulation;targeted treatment
171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Adopted;Animal Experiments;Animal Model;Animals;Apis;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Biological Models;Coculture Techniques;Communities;Complex;Development;Disease;Ecology;Environment;Evolution;Genetic Materials;Genome;Goals;Growth;Health;Immune system;Immunologic Stimulation;Infection;Knowledge;Liquid substance;Measures;Microbe;Modeling;Predatory Behavior;Process;Property;Research;Resistance;Role;Shapes;System;Testing;Time;Virulence;Virus;Work;bacterial community;bacterial resistance;dynamical evolution;experimental study;mathematical model;member;microbial;microbial community;microbial composition;microbiome;microorganism interaction;outcome prediction
172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Adult;Affect;Anaerobic Bacteria;Bacteria;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biological Assay;Biology;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cells;Chronic;Communities;Controlled Environment;Coronary artery;Cues;Data;Development;Disease;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Escherichia coli;Functional RNA;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Screening;Goals;Growth;Heart Diseases;Heme;Hemin;Human;Immune response;Inflammatory;Invaded;Link;Measures;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Profiling;Oral cavity;Pathogenesis;Periodontal Diseases;Periodontitis;Phase;Physiological;Porphyromonas;Porphyromonas gingivalis;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Publishing;RNA;Regulation;Research Design;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Role;Site;Small RNA;Starvation;Stress;System;Technology;Tissues;Virulence;Virulence Factors;base;cDNA Library;cell motility;cell type;environmental stressor;knowledge base;mutant;next generation;novel;oral pathogen;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;public health relevance;response;screening
173                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Adult;Affect;Anaerobic Bacteria;Bacteria;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biological Assay;Biology;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cells;Chronic;Communities;Controlled Environment;Coronary artery;Cues;Data;Development;Disease;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Escherichia coli;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Screening;Goals;Growth;Health;Heart Diseases;Heme;Hemin;Human;Immune response;Inflammatory;Invaded;Link;Measures;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Profiling;Oral cavity;Pathogenesis;Periodontal Diseases;Periodontitis;Phase;Physiological;Porphyromonas;Porphyromonas gingivalis;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Publishing;RNA;Regulation;Research Design;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Role;Site;Small RNA;Starvation;Stress;System;Technology;Tissues;Untranslated RNA;Virulence;Virulence Factors;base;cDNA Library;cell motility;cell type;differential expression;environmental stressor;knowledge base;mutant;next generation;novel;oral pathogen;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;response;screening
174                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Affect;Bacteria;Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Binding;Biogenesis;Blindness;Cell-Free System;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chromatin;Chromatin Structure;Chromosomes;DNA;DNA Footprint;DNA Sequence;DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Deoxyribonuclease I;Developing Countries;Development;Developmental Biology;Dissociation;Elements;Energy Metabolism;Forms Controls;Funding Mechanisms;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Germination;Glucose;Glyceraldehyde;Glycolysis;Goals;Health;Hexoses;Higher Order Chromatin Structure;Histones;Human;In Vitro;Indium;Infection;Inorganic Phosphate Transporter;Knowledge;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Mammalian Cell;Maps;Measures;Medical;Metabolic Activation;Metabolism;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Physical condensation;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Pyruvate;RNA;Regulation;Relaxation;Research;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Site;Structure;Techniques;Time;Trachoma;Virulence;cell type;genetic regulatory protein;in vivo;inorganic phosphate;insight;isoprenoid;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;prevent;promoter;protein expression;research study;transcriptome sequencing
175                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Affect;Bacteria;Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Binding;Biogenesis;Blindness;Cell-Free System;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chromatin;Chromatin Structure;Chromosomes;DNA;DNA Footprint;DNA Sequence;DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase;Deoxyribonuclease I;Deoxyribonucleases;Developing Countries;Development;Developmental Biology;Dissociation;Elements;Energy Metabolism;Forms Controls;Funding Mechanisms;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Germination;Glucose;Glyceraldehyde;Glycolysis;Goals;Hexoses;Higher Order Chromatin Structure;Histones;Human;In Vitro;Indium;Infection;Inorganic Phosphate Transporter;Knowledge;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Mammalian Cell;Maps;Measures;Medical;Metabolic Activation;Metabolism;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Physical condensation;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Pyruvate;RNA;Regulation;Relaxation;Research;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Site;Structure;Techniques;Time;Trachoma;Virulence;cell type;genetic regulatory protein;in vivo;inorganic phosphate;insight;isoprenoid;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;prevent;promoter;protein expression;public health relevance;research study;transcriptome sequencing
176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Instruction;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;skills;tissue repair
177                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;N.I.H. Research Support;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;meetings;metabolomics;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;square foot;success;therapeutic development;transcriptomics
178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Dedications;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Image;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Microscopy;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Dedications;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Calcified;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;public health relevance;skills;tissue repair
181                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;public health relevance;skills;tissue repair
182                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5&apos; Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor;mRNA delivery;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
186                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5&apos; Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor/antagonist;mRNA delivery;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tissue repair
188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;N.I.H. Research Support;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;meetings;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;undergraduate student
189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Process;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function;research study
190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Accounting;Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Disease;Drug Formulations;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Healed;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Property;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;repaired;research study;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy
191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;public health relevance;skills;tissue repair
192                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
193                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;skills;tissue repair
194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
196                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
197                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;COVID-19 surveillance;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;surveillance study;therapeutic development;training opportunity
198                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    16S ribosomal RNA sequencing;Affect;Anti-Inflammatory Agents;Architecture;Bacterial Translocation;Biological;Biology;Biopsy;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Colon;Confocal Microscopy;Demyelinations;Dextrans;Disease;Disease Progression;Disease model;Disease susceptibility;Epithelial Cells;Epithelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Extracellular Matrix;Farnesol;Female;Flow Cytometry;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Fluorochrome;Gene Expression;Gene Proteins;Genetic;Gut Mucosa;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Intervention;Intestinal Mucosa;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Knowledge;Label;Lamina Propria;Literature;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Mucins;Mucous Membrane;Mucous body substance;Multiple Sclerosis;Mus;Onset of illness;Oral;Organism;Pattern;Permeability;Phase;Predisposition;Production;Resistance;SJL Mouse;Severities;Severity of illness;Tight Junctions;Western Blotting;Woman;extracellular;fecal microbiota;fecal transplantation;gastrointestinal epithelium;gut dysbiosis;gut inflammation;gut microbes;gut microbiota;immune cell infiltrate;in vivo;intestinal barrier;isoprenoid;male;men;microbial;microbial composition;microbiota;microbiota-gut-brain axis;mucosal microbiota;neuroinflammation;protective effect;quorum sensing;sex;systemic inflammatory response
199                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
200                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Technology;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;mouse model;novel;promoter;research study;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
201                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
202                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
203                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
204                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
205                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Achievement;Address;Administrative Supplement;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Bioreactors;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Journals;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mechanics;Medical center;Mentors;Microscopy;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;Natural regeneration;Nature;Parents;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Prevention;Proteomics;Publications;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Tissues;Training;Universities;Veterans;Visualization;career development;college;computer science;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;disease diagnosis;equipment acquisition;experimental study;imaging system;improved;instrument;instrumentation;live cell imaging;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;repaired;success;symposium;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;training opportunity
206                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Dedications;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Modeling;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;simulation;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
207                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Administrative Supplement;Age;Biology;Breast Cancer Treatment;Breast Cancer survivor;Cancer Patient;Cancer Survivor;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Survival;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cisplatin;Collagen Type I;Core Facility;DNA Adduction;DNA Adducts;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Data;Data Science;Deposition;Dose;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Foundations;Fracture;Gene Expression;Goals;Hair;Homeostasis;Idaho;Institution;Intervention;Kinetics;Laboratories;Lead;Malignant Neoplasms;Mechanical Stress;Mechanics;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Nausea;Neoplasm Metastasis;Nucleotide Excision Repair;Osteoblasts;Osteolysis;Osteopenia;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Patients;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physical activity;Platinum;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Production;Proteins;Proteomics;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Qualifying;Quality of life;Recurrence;Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm;Research;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;Role;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Toxic effect;Universities;Up-Regulation;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;Work;adduct;anticancer treatment;bone;bone health;bone loss;cancer cell;cancer recurrence;chemotherapeutic agent;chemotherapy;compliance behavior;design;effective therapy;experience;experimental study;fracture risk;improved;improved outcome;long-term sequelae;malignant breast neoplasm;mechanical force;mortality;osteoblast differentiation;osteogenic;pluripotency;prevent;preventive intervention;repaired;response;rural counties;senescence;side effect;targeted treatment;transcriptome sequencing;vibration
208                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Environment;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Histology;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;high throughput technology;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;research study;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
209                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
210                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3-Dimensional;Aging;Angiogenic Factor;Biochemical;Biocompatible Materials;Biology;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Coculture Techniques;Coupling;Data;Development;Encapsulated;Endothelial Cells;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;FGF2 gene;Fibroins;Gel;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Human;Hydrogels;Image;In Vitro;Injury;Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;Mechanics;Mediating;Modeling;Morphology;Mus;Muscle;Muscle Development;Muscle Fibers;Musculoskeletal Development;Myoblasts;Myosin ATPase;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peptides;Phase;Process;Production;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Rattus;Silk;Skeletal Muscle;Stains;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Tyramine;Umbilical vein;Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors;Vascularization;crosslink;improved;in vitro Model;induced pluripotent stem cell;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;myogenesis;novel;skeletal disorder;skeletal muscle differentiation;stem cell differentiation;stem cells;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
211                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
212                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           5&apos; Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Estrogen receptor positive;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor/antagonist;mRNA delivery;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
213                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
214                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;mass spectrometric imaging;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
215                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
216                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
217                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
218   3-Dimensional;Acceleration;Actins;Address;Aging;Anabolism;Area;Atomic Force Microscopy;Attenuated;Award;Basic Science;Bed rest;Behavioral Research;Biological;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Bioreactors;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular Structures;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Collagen;Complex;Cytoskeleton;DNA;Development;Disabled Persons;Disease;Disease Progression;Elements;Engineering;Exclusion;Exercise;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;F-Actin;Focal Adhesions;Frequencies;Gene Expression;Geometry;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Image;In Vitro;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Knowledge;Lead;Machine Learning;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Methods;Microgravity;Microscope;Modality;Modeling;Morphology;Motion;Muscle;Musculoskeletal;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Import;Nuclear Protein;Osteocytes;Osteolytic;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Parents;Pathology;Periodicity;Phase;Population;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Rejuvenation;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Role;Science;Signal Transduction;Signaling Protein;Speed;Stromal Cells;Structure-Activity Relationship;Technology;Testing;Time;Tissue Engineering;Transcription Coactivator;Translational Research;Work;bone;bone cell;bone loss;bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell;cancer cell;cell fixing;cell growth;connective tissue growth factor;data pipeline;effective therapy;enhanced green fluorescent protein;improved;in silico;in vivo;lipid biosynthesis;live cell microscopy;machine learning algorithm;mechanical force;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;prevent;programs;protein expression;regenerative;response;scaffold;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;training opportunity;translational study;usability;vibration
219                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Area;Award;Bacteria;Biological Sciences;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Commit;Computer software;Development;Economic Development;Ensure;Equipment;Fees;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Idaho;Image;Investments;Life;Maintenance;Microscope;Minor;Molecular;Molecular and Cellular Biology;Nervous system structure;Neurons;Neurosciences;Optics;Organism;Plasmids;Process;Proteins;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Role;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Technical Expertise;Time;Tissues;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Virus;Vision;Work;cell determination;instrument;instrumentation;nerve stem cell;optical imaging;programs;research and development
220                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
221                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        <NA>
222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Affinity;Bacteria;Bedside Testings;Biological Assay;Chemistry;Cleaved cell;Color;Detection;Diagnostic;Disease Marker;Disulfides;Emergency Situation;Ensure;Environment;Enzymes;Event;Fluorides;Food;Generations;Goals;Healthcare;Home environment;Human Resources;Hydrogen Peroxide;Infection;Influenza;Laboratories;Lead;Metals;Neuraminidase;Output;Palladium;Performance;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pollution;Production;Reaction;Reader;Reagent;Reporting;Resources;Scheme;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Silicon;Sulfhydryl Compounds;Testing;Untrained Personnel;Water;aqueous;base;cost;design;diagnostic assay;equipment training;foodborne;pathogen;point of care;point-of-care diagnostics;public health relevance;response;small molecule;theories;water quality
223                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Alleles;Alzheimer&apos;s Disease;Alzheimer&apos;s disease risk;Amino Acids;Amyloid beta-Protein;Antibodies;Apolipoprotein E;Binding;Biological Assay;Brain;Brain Diseases;Carrier Proteins;Cell Death;Cell Line;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Cholesterol;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18;Cleaved cell;Cytoplasm;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA Sequence;Data;Endocytosis;Enhancers;Ensure;Environmental Risk Factor;Exclusion;Exhibits;Extracellular Matrix;Family member;Feedback;Fractionation;Gelatinase B;Gene Expression;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Glycoproteins;Goals;Human;Immobilization;Immunofluorescence Microscopy;Immunoprecipitation;Importins;In Situ;In Vitro;Kinetics;LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1;Lead;Length;Lipoproteins;Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor;Luciferases;Mediating;Microbial Collagenase;Microglia;Molecular;Mus;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nuclear;Oligonucleotides;Optics;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Play;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteolysis;RNA purification;Recombinants;Reporter Genes;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Risk;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Site;Small Interfering RNA;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Techniques;Testing;Transcript;Transcriptional Regulation;Validation;Variant;Western Blotting;apolipoprotein E-4;base;chromatin immunoprecipitation;design;experimental study;gain of function;genetic risk factor;inhibitor/antagonist;insight;knock-down;loss of function;molecular pathology;motor impairment;novel;protein transport;receptor;receptor mediated endocytosis;trafficking;transcription factor;transcriptome;uptake
224                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Accounting;Affinity;Age;Alleles;Alzheimer&apos;s Disease;Alzheimer&apos;s disease risk;Amino Acid Sequence;Amino Acid Substitution;Amino Acids;Amyloid beta-Protein;Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor;Antibodies;Apolipoprotein E;Apoptosis;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Brain;Caspase;Cathepsins;Cell Count;Cell-Free System;Cholesterol;Circular Dichroism;Cleaved cell;Complex;Consensus;Data;Development;Disease;Environmental Risk Factor;Escherichia coli;Event;Genetic;Glycoproteins;Human;In Situ;In Vitro;Individual;Late Onset Alzheimer Disease;Length;Lipoproteins;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mediator of activation protein;Metalloproteases;Microscopy;Molecular;Movement;Nature;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neurofibrillary Tangles;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Peptide Hydrolases;Play;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Process;Production;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteolysis;Recombinants;Relative (related person);Risk;Role;Sampling;Sedimentation process;Serine Protease;Site;Testing;Tissues;Universities;Validation;Variant;Western Blotting;Work;apolipoprotein E-3;apolipoprotein E-4;base;caspase-3;cell type;chymotrypsin;design;genetic risk factor;high risk;in vitro Assay;insight;light scattering;loss of function;molecular pathology;neurofibrillary tangle formation;novel;public health relevance;research study;tau Proteins
225                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Adolescent;Adult;Alleles;Alzheimer&apos;s Disease;Alzheimer&apos;s disease brain;Alzheimer&apos;s disease risk;Amino Acids;Animals;Apolipoprotein E;Behavior;Behavioral;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Brain;CRISPR/Cas technology;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cardiovascular system;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Chronic;Confocal Microscopy;Data;Defect;Dementia;Development;Disease Progression;Elderly;Embryo;Etiology;Exhibits;Fertilization;Fishes;Fluorescence;Funding;Gelatinase B;Gene Expression;Gene Transfer Techniques;Genes;Goals;Growth;Heart;Heart Rate;Hour;Human;Impairment;In Vitro;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Knock-in;Late Onset Alzheimer Disease;Learning;Length;Link;Lipoproteins;Locomotion;Long-Term Effects;Memory;Memory impairment;Methods;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular Profiling;Morphology;Motor;Mus;Nervous system structure;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neurofibrillary Tangles;Neurologic;Neurons;Optics;Organism;PHF-1;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Peptide Hydrolases;Physiological;Play;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Risk;Risk Factors;Rodent;Role;Scheme;Spinal Cord;Swimming;Tail;Testing;Time;Tissue-Specific Gene Expression;Toxic effect;Transgenes;Transgenic Organisms;Transposase;Validation;Zebrafish;apolipoprotein E-4;base;behavior test;behavioral impairment;body system;cardiovascular risk factor;cell motility;dementia risk;experimental study;extracellular;genetic risk factor;hatching;in vitro Assay;in vivo;in vivo Model;molecular pathology;mortality;motor behavior;motor disorder;motor impairment;neurobehavioral;neurochemistry;neuromuscular function;novel;tau Proteins;tool;trafficking;young adult
226                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
227                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
228                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
230                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
231                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Behavior;Belief;Binding;Biological;Biology;Blood Vessels;Cell Communication;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Communication;Complex;Couples;Data;Disease;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Event;Exposure to;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Habitats;Half-Life;Human Pathology;Individual;Integrins;Investigation;Laboratories;Ligands;Link;Manuscripts;Mediating;Membrane;Molecular;Mutation;Normal Range;Notch Signaling Pathway;Nuclear Envelope;Organism;Parents;Pathologic;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phosphorylation;Phosphorylation Site;Phosphotransferases;Physiological;Post-Translational Protein Processing;Process;Proteins;Publishing;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Science;Signal Transduction;Site;Students;System;Technology;Tissues;Training;Tyrosine Phosphorylation;Vascular System;base;career;experimental study;gamma secretase;graduate student;high school;human disease;notch protein;novel;parent grant;promoter;response;shear stress;skills;src-Family Kinases;transcription factor;undergraduate student
232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A549;Adopted;Amplifiers;Architecture;Area;Award;Behavior;Biochemistry;Biocompatible Materials;Biological Markers;Biological Sciences;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood specimen;Cancer Detection;Cancer Diagnostics;Cardiovascular system;Case Study;Catalysis;Cells;Communities;Complex;DNA;Detection;Development;Devices;Diagnostic;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Engineering;Enrollment;Ensure;Exhibits;Extravasation;Feedback;Foundations;Gene Expression;Goals;Gold;Healthcare;Human;Humanities;Idaho;In Vitro;Journals;Kinetics;Knowledge;Learning;Length;Link;Liquid substance;Logic;Longevity;Longitudinal Studies;Malignant Neoplasms;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Measures;Medical;Medical Research;Medical center;Mentors;Methods;MicroRNAs;Mission;Mus;Muscle;Nanostructures;Nanotechnology;Neurologic;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;Nucleic Acids;Nucleotides;Nude Mice;Output;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Pregnancy Tests;Procedures;Publishing;Reaction;Relative (related person);Reporter;Research;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Reverse Transcription;Rewards;Sampling;Serum;Signal Transduction;Silicon;Societies;Speed;Staging;Supervision;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Transistors;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;Writing;Zinc Oxide;base;cancer diagnosis;career;chemical reaction;cost;design;diabetic;disease diagnosis;in vivo;innovation;literacy;mouse model;nanoparticle;nanoscale;nanoscience;nuclease;prevent;professor;research and development;self diagnosis;symposium;synthetic construct;tool;tumor
233                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    A549;Adopted;Amplifiers;Architecture;Area;Award;Behavior;Biochemistry;Biocompatible Materials;Biological Markers;Biological Sciences;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood specimen;Cancer Detection;Cancer Diagnostics;Cardiovascular system;Case Study;Catalysis;Cells;Communities;Complex;DNA;Detection;Development;Devices;Diagnostic;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Engineering;Enrollment;Ensure;Exhibits;Extravasation;Feedback;Foundations;Gene Expression;Goals;Gold;Healthcare;Human;Humanities;Idaho;In Vitro;Journals;Kinetics;Knowledge;Learning;Length;Link;Liquid substance;Logic;Longevity;Longitudinal Studies;Malignant Neoplasms;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Measures;Medical;Medical Research;Medical center;Mentors;Methods;MicroRNAs;Mission;Mus;Muscle;Nanostructures;Nanotechnology;Neurologic;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;Nucleic Acids;Nucleotides;Nude Mice;Output;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Pregnancy Tests;Procedures;Publishing;Reaction;Relative (related person);Reporter;Research;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Reverse Transcription;Rewards;Sampling;Serum;Signal Transduction;Silicon;Societies;Speed;Staging;Supervision;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Transistors;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;Writing;Zinc Oxide;base;cancer diagnosis;career;chemical reaction;cost;design;diabetic;disease diagnosis;in vivo;innovation;literacy;mouse model;nanoparticle;nanoscale;nanoscience;nuclease;prevent;professor;research and development;self diagnosis;symposium;synthetic construct;tool;tumor
234                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         A549;Adopted;Amplifiers;Architecture;Area;Award;Behavior;Biochemistry;Biocompatible Materials;Biological Markers;Biological Sciences;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood specimen;Cancer Detection;Cancer Diagnostics;Cardiovascular system;Case Study;Catalysis;Cells;Communities;Complex;DNA;Detection;Development;Devices;Diagnostic;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Engineering;Enrollment;Ensure;Exhibits;Extravasation;Feedback;Foundations;Gene Expression;Goals;Gold;Healthcare;Human;Humanities;Idaho;In Vitro;Journals;Kinetics;Knowledge;Learning;Length;Link;Liquid substance;Logic;Longevity;Longitudinal Studies;Malignant Neoplasms;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Measures;Medical;Medical Research;Medical center;Mentors;Methods;MicroRNAs;Mission;Mus;Muscle;Nanostructures;Nanotechnology;Neurologic;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;Nucleic Acids;Nucleotides;Nude Mice;Output;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Pregnancy Tests;Procedures;Publishing;Reaction;Relative (related person);Reporter;Research;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Reverse Transcription;Rewards;Sampling;Serum;Signal Transduction;Silicon;Societies;Speed;Staging;Supervision;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Transistors;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;Writing;Zinc Oxide;base;cancer diagnosis;career;chemical reaction;cost;design;diabetic;disease diagnosis;in vivo;innovation;mouse model;nanoparticle;nanoscale;nanoscience;nuclease;prevent;professor;research and development;scientific literacy;self diagnosis;symposium;synthetic construct;tool;tumor
235                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Adhesions;Alleles;Alternative Splicing;Amacrine Cells;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Birth;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Count;Cell Death;Cells;Cellular Stress;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21;Code;Communities;Complex;Coupled;Cues;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Down Syndrome;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Drosophila genus;Environment;Etiology;Eye;Funding;Genes;Goals;Homologous Gene;Incidence;Ligands;Light;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Mus;Mutant Strains Mice;Mutation;Nervous system structure;Neurites;Neurons;Neurosciences;Pathology;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Play;Process;Protein Isoforms;Publishing;RNA Splicing;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Role;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Series;Staging;Stress;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Trisomy;Universities;Vertebrates;Visual;Washington;Work;axon guidance;career;cell type;dosage;gene function;genetic resource;light deprivation;molecular recognition;monocular;mouse model;mutant mouse model;nervous system development;neural patterning;neurodevelopment;neuron loss;neuronal cell body;overexpression;prevent;programs;receptor;relating to nervous system;research study;retinal rods
236                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Adhesions;Alleles;Alternative Splicing;Amacrine Cells;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Birth;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Count;Cell Death;Cells;Cellular Stress;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21;Code;Communities;Complex;Coupled;Cues;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Down Syndrome;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Drosophila genus;Environment;Etiology;Eye;Funding;Genes;Goals;Homologous Gene;Incidence;Ligands;Light;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Mus;Mutant Strains Mice;Mutation;Nervous system structure;Neurites;Neurons;Neurosciences;Pathology;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Play;Process;Protein Isoforms;Publishing;RNA Splicing;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Role;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Series;Staging;Stress;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Trisomy;Universities;Vertebrates;Visual;Washington;Work;axon guidance;career;cell type;dosage;gene function;genetic resource;light deprivation;molecular recognition;monocular;mouse model;mutant mouse model;nervous system development;neural patterning;neurodevelopment;neuron loss;neuronal cell body;overexpression;prevent;programs;receptor;relating to nervous system;research study;retinal rods
237                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Award;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Mosaicism;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Research;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;parent grant;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
238                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
239                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Communicable Diseases;Complex;Data;Development;Drug Formulations;Drug resistance;Evolution;Future;Gene Transfer;Genes;Genetic Determinism;Genotype;Goals;Health;Hot Spot;Human;In Vitro;Knowledge;Lead;Mediating;Medical;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutagenesis;Mutation;Pattern;Pharmacotherapy;Phenotype;Plasmids;Point Mutation;Population;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Public Health;Recording of previous events;Replicon;Reporting;Research;Research Support;Resistance;Role;Sequence Analysis;Statistical Models;Time;Variant;Virulence;Work;base;cost;disorder prevention;fight against;fitness;genetic element;genome sequencing;improved;infectious disease treatment;insight;interest;mathematical model;models and simulation;novel;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;public health relevance;research study;simulation;vector
242                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
243                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Communicable Diseases;Complex;Data;Development;Drug Formulations;Drug resistance;Evolution;Future;Gene Transfer;Genes;Genetic Determinism;Genotype;Goals;Health;Hot Spot;Human;In Vitro;Knowledge;Lead;Mediating;Medical;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutagenesis;Mutation;Pattern;Pharmacotherapy;Phenotype;Plasmids;Point Mutation;Population;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Public Health;Recording of previous events;Replicon;Reporting;Research;Research Support;Resistance;Role;Sequence Analysis;Statistical Models;Time;Variant;Virulence;Work;base;computer based statistical methods;cost;disorder prevention;fight against;fitness;genetic element;genome sequencing;improved;infectious disease treatment;insight;interest;mathematical model;models and simulation;novel;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;public health relevance;research study;simulation;vector
244                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Affect;Awareness;Back;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Boxing;Communicable Diseases;Data;Engineering;Environment;Error Sources;Evolution;Failure;Frequencies;Future;Genetic Epistasis;Genome;Genome engineering;Genotype;Goals;Growth;Human;Immune system;Knowledge;Laboratories;Libraries;Life Cycle Stages;Light;Maps;Mathematics;Measures;Medicine;Modeling;Modification;Molecular;Motivation;Mutation;Organism;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Play;Population Sizes;Property;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Research;Resistance;Role;System;Technology;Testing;Theoretical model;Time;Vaccines;Viral;Virus;Walking;Work;base;combat;design;fighting;fitness;flexibility;life history;mathematical model;microbial;next generation sequencing;novel;pathogen;pleiotropism;predictive modeling;public health relevance;research study;simulation;success;theories;trait
246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;fight against;fighting;pathogen;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Affect;Awareness;Back;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Boxing;Communicable Diseases;Data;Engineering;Environment;Error Sources;Evolution;Failure;Frequencies;Future;Genetic Epistasis;Genome;Genome engineering;Genotype;Goals;Growth;Human;Immune system;Knowledge;Laboratories;Libraries;Life Cycle Stages;Light;Maps;Mathematics;Measures;Medicine;Modeling;Modification;Molecular;Motivation;Mutation;Organism;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Phenotype;Play;Population Sizes;Property;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Research;Role;System;Technology;Testing;Theoretical model;Time;Vaccines;Viral;Virus;Walking;Work;base;design;fighting;fitness;flexibility;life history;mathematical model;microbial;next generation sequencing;novel;pathogen;pleiotropism;predictive modeling;research study;simulation;success;theories;trait
248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Consumption;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;emerging pathogen;fight against;fighting;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Consumption;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;fight against;fighting;pathogen;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Consumption;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;fight against;fighting;pathogen;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Affect;Area;Auditory system;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Caring;Cell Differentiation process;Cell physiology;Cells;Child;Chromosome Mapping;Chromosomes;Clinical;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Cytomegalovirus Infections;DNA;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Defect;Development;Diagnosis;Down Syndrome;Down-Regulation;Enzymes;Exhibits;Fibroblasts;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Funding;Genes;Goals;Human;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Interphase;Link;Lytic Phase;Mental Retardation;Messenger RNA;Microcephaly;Molecular;Monitor;Myelin P0 Protein;Neonatal;Neuraxis;Neurons;Parents;Play;Population;Proteins;Research;Role;Sampling;Site;Specimen;Stem cells;Syndrome;Testing;Time;Tissues;Translating;Viral Antigens;Viral Proteins;Virion;Virus;Work;brain tissue;congenital infection;dimer;economic cost;fetal;hearing impairment;improved;in vitro Model;interest;migration;neonate;nerve stem cell;nidogen-1;prevent;public health relevance;repaired;research study;response
252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Affect;Area;Auditory system;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Caring;Cell Differentiation process;Cell physiology;Cells;Child;Chromosome Mapping;Chromosomes;Clinical;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Cytomegalovirus Infections;DNA;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Defect;Development;Diagnosis;Down Syndrome;Down-Regulation;Enzymes;Exhibits;Fibroblasts;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Funding;Genes;Goals;Human;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Interphase;Link;Lytic Phase;Mental Retardation;Messenger RNA;Microcephaly;Molecular;Monitor;Myelin P0 Protein;Neonatal;Neuraxis;Neurons;Parents;Play;Population;Proteins;Research;Role;Sampling;Site;Specimen;Stem cells;Syndrome;Testing;Time;Tissues;Translating;Viral Antigens;Viral Proteins;Virion;Virus;Work;brain tissue;congenital infection;dimer;economic cost;fetal;hearing impairment;improved;in vitro Model;interest;migration;neonate;nerve stem cell;nidogen-1;prevent;public health relevance;repaired;research study;response
253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Advisory Committees;Affect;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Caliber;Collaborations;Community Outreach;Education;Environment;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Fellowship;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Health Sciences;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Individual;Institution;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Public Health;Research;Research Infrastructure;Science;Scientist;Seeds;Services;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Technology;Universities;base;career;college;graduate student;improved;laboratory facility;meetings;next generation;programs;research facility;science education;success;undergraduate student
256                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;graduate student;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino Population;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;community engagement;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Populations;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;community engagement;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student;underserved students
260                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Administrative Supplement;Apoptotic;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cell Death;Cells;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer Assisted;Computer-Assisted Image Analysis;Computers;Data;Data Science;Data Set;Development;Developmental Biology;Discipline;Disease;Environment;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Genes;Group Meetings;Homeostasis;Hypertrophy;Idaho;Image;Image Analysis;Immunologist;Injury;Institution;Investments;Ion Channel;Laboratories;Learning;Machine Learning;Medical Imaging;Mentors;Microglia;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular Biology;Molecular Computers;Morphology;Muller&apos;s cell;Natural regeneration;Neuraxis;Parents;Pattern;Persons;Phagocytes;Phototransduction;Population;Principal Investigator;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Role;Rural;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Techniques;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;Zebrafish;analysis pipeline;automated analysis;base;bioimaging;biological research;career;college;computer science;confocal imaging;daughter cell;experience;experimental study;ganglion cell;gene function;improved;innovation;interest;large datasets;macrophage;meetings;melanopsin;microscopic imaging;migration;mutant;nerve stem cell;optical imaging;pathogen;programs;quantitative imaging;rapid testing;transcriptome;undergraduate student;virtual;vision science
261                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Authorization documentation;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Graduate Education;Grant;Health;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino Population;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;community engagement;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;forging;graduate school;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate education;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
262                                                                                                                                                      Address;Advisory Committees;Articulation;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Computer Assisted;Coupled;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Rejuvenation;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Training and Education;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;allergic response;built environment;career;community college;computer program;conflict resolution;doctoral student;drug development;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;novel therapeutics;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
263                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biomedical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Education;Fostering;Idaho;Mentors;Research;Research Personnel;Research Support;Students;programs
264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
265                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States Department of Agriculture;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;web site
266 Academy;Address;Adipose tissue;Administrative Supplement;Adverse effects;Affect;Age;American;Award;Bioenergetics;Biogenesis;Breast Feeding;Cell Respiration;Clinical;Core Facility;Data;Development;Diabetes Mellitus;Diabetic mother;Electron Microscopy;Environment;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Gene Proteins;Genes;Gestational Diabetes;Glucose Intolerance;Goals;Hispanics;Idaho;Image;Impairment;Income;Infant;Infant Health;Insulin Resistance;Insulin Signaling Pathway;Insulin deficiency;Intervention;Investments;Knowledge;Label;Laboratory Research;Lactation;Lead;Link;Liver;Mammary gland;Maternal Health;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolic Diseases;Metabolism;Methods;Milk;Mitochondria;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Mothers;Muscle;Native Americans;Outcome;Oxidative Stress;Parents;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Pediatrics;Performance;Physiological;Physiology;Play;Population;Poverty;Pregnancy;Proteins;Proteomics;Public Health;Publications;Rattus;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Respiration;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Risk;Role;Rural;Rural Community;Rural Population;Science;Scientist;Services;Shotguns;Signal Transduction;Skeletal Muscle;Structure;Students;Techniques;Testing;Tissues;Tribes;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;Work;World Health Organization;density;diabetic;ethnic minority population;experience;experimental study;graduate student;health disparity;improved;infant morbidity/mortality;innovation;mammary;maternal diabetes;maternal morbidity;milk production;milk supply;milk volume;mitochondrial dysfunction;next generation;pregnant;professor;programs;racial minority;student training;success;targeted treatment;therapy development;type I and type II diabetes;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2019-nCoV;Administrative Supplement;Age;Appearance;Bioinformatics;Biology;COVID testing;COVID-19 testing;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical;Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Core Facility;Coupled;Data;Deposition;Disease Outbreaks;Environment;Event;Funding;Genbank;Gender;Genome;Genomics;Geography;Health;Health Professional;Health education;Holidays;Hospitals;Idaho;Immunization;Influenza;Institutional Review Boards;Journals;Laboratories;Link;Mandatory Testing;Metadata;Monitor;Mutation;Outcome;Peer Review;Policies;Population;Positioning Attribute;Primary Care Physician;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Rural;Rural Community;SARS-CoV-2 genome;SARS-CoV-2 positive;SARS-CoV-2 transmission;SARS-CoV-2 variant;Sampling;Sequence Analysis;Severity of illness;Socioeconomic Status;Testing;Time;Travel;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Variant;Viral;Viral Genome;Work;age group;base;bioinformatics infrastructure;computerized data processing;data repository;data sharing;genome analysis;genome sequencing;improved;infection rate;pandemic disease;programs;repository;rural underserved;study population;success;surveillance study;underserved area;university student;viral genomics;welfare
268                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;community engagement;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
269                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Populations;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
270                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;web site
271                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;graduate student;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Advisory Committees;Articulation;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Rejuvenation;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Training and Education;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;built environment;career;community college;conflict resolution;doctoral student;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Abbreviations;Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical Education;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Qualifying;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;career;career development;community college;community engagement;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student;underserved students
274                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Administrative Supplement;Aging;Bioinformatics;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Hardware;Core Facility;Data;Data Science;Data Science Core;Data Storage and Retrieval;Equipment;Faculty;Funding;Funding Mechanisms;Genome;High Performance Computing;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Investments;Research;Research Activity;Research Personnel;Research Support;Secure;Services;Site;Software Engineering;System;Technical Expertise;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;college;computer infrastructure;deep learning;equipment acquisition;experience;improved;programs
275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;Workforce Development;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;formative assessment;graduate student;higher education;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;graduate student;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;success;undergraduate student
277                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Dedications;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Specialized Center;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States Department of Agriculture;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;genome resource;graduate student;improved;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;web site
278                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Administrative Supplement;Affect;Agonist;Analytical Chemistry;Astrocytes;Award;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Brain;Brain Neoplasms;Calcium;Calcium Signaling;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Membrane Permeability;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Centers of Research Excellence;Coculture Techniques;Collaborations;Conditioned Culture Media;Core Facility;Coupled;Data;Development;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Epithelial;Epithelium;Exposure to;Feedback;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Gene Expression;Glioblastoma;Glioma;Glutamate Receptor;Glutamates;Goals;High Pressure Liquid Chromatography;Hypoxia;Idaho;Injury;Institution;Investments;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lead;Learning;Malignant neoplasm of brain;Measures;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Biology;Necrosis;Neurons;Pathology;Physiological;Receptor Gene;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Assistant;Research Personnel;Research Support;Role;Scientist;Serum;Signal Transduction;Site;Small Interfering RNA;Students;Supporting Cell;Survival Rate;Talents;Testing;Tight Junctions;Time;Tumor-Derived;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;base;blood-brain barrier permeabilization;cancer cell;college;effective therapy;experience;improved;innovation;migration;monolayer;neoplastic cell;novel;professor;programs;ratiometric;receptor;student mentoring;tumor;tumor growth;undergraduate student
279                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;community engagement;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student;underserved students
280                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
281                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;Workforce Development;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;formative assessment;graduate student;higher education;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;Workforce Development;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;formative assessment;graduate student;higher education;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
284                                                                              Acute;Administrative Supplement;Affect;American;Anxiety;Attention;Award;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Child;Child Health;Choline;Chronic;Cognition;Cognitive;Complex;Consumption;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Dietary Practices;Dietary intake;Disease;Educational Intervention;Educational Materials;Emotional;Employment;Food;Food Access;Future;Goals;Guidelines;Health;Healthcare;High Prevalence;Household;Idaho;Income;Individual;Intervention;Intervention Studies;Intervention Trial;Iodine;Knowledge;Lactation;Longevity;Low income;Marital Status;Measures;Memory;Mental Depression;Mental Health;Methodology;Montana;Mothers;Neurologic;Nutrient;Nutritional;Nutritional Requirements;Observational Study;Outcome;Parents;Patients;Pattern;Perinatal;Physicians;Population;Postpartum Period;Pregnancy;Pregnant Women;Prenatal care;Prevalence;Psyche structure;Public Health;Randomized;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Risk;Risk Reduction;Rural;Sample Size;Science;Self Perception;Signal Transduction;Specialist;Stress;Students;Study Subject;Surveys;Testing;Training;Translating;Underserved Population;Unhealthy Diet;United States;United States Department of Agriculture;Variant;Vitamin B Complex;Vitamin D;Well in self;Woman;Women&apos;s Health;Work;Wyoming;behavior change;cognitive function;cohort;demographics;design;dietary;dietary guidelines;education access;executive function;fetal;frontier;high risk;improved;innovation;maternal depression;medical schools;mother nutrition;negative affect;nutrition;nutrition education;perinatal health;perinatal period;perinatal women;peripartum depression;physical conditioning;pregnant;programs;prospective;psychologic;recruit;rural underrepresented;satisfaction;social;therapy design;tool;underserved community
285                                                                                3-Dimensional;A549;Address;Administrative Supplement;Affect;Allergic;Asthma;Atopic Dermatitis;Binding;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cell Culture Techniques;Cellular biology;Centers of Research Excellence;Central Nervous System;Collaborations;Complex;Computer Assisted;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Core Facility;Coupled;Couples;Data;Data Science;Data Science Core;Development;Dinucleoside Phosphates;Effectiveness;Environment;Excretory function;Fostering;Free Energy;Funding;Future;Goals;Health;Human;Hypersensitivity;Hypoxanthines;IL13RA1 gene;Idaho;Immunology;Infrastructure;Institution;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-4;Intravenous infusion procedures;Investments;Laboratories;Lead;Learning;Libraries;Life;Ligand Binding;Ligands;Malignant Epithelial Cell;Metabolism;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Biology;Molecular Profiling;Monoclonal Antibodies;Mouse Cell Line;Niacinamide;Outcome;Persons;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Quality of life;Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship;Receptor Signaling;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Students;Supporting Cell;System;Talents;Testing;Therapeutic;Tissues;Toxic effect;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Validation;Work;absorption;allergic airway inflammation;allergic response;biomedical scientist;candidate identification;career;computer program;design;drug candidate;drug development;drug discovery;experience;graduate student;human disease;in silico;knock-down;lung Carcinoma;mortality;mouse model;novel;novel therapeutics;pharmacophore;programs;receptor;receptor binding;screening;small hairpin RNA;synergism;targeted treatment;three-dimensional visualization;tissue culture;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Advisory Committees;Articulation;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Rejuvenation;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Training and Education;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;built environment;career;community college;conflict resolution;doctoral student;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Acute;Aging;Alleles;Award;Bioinformatics;Blindness;Bromodeoxyuridine;Cell Separation;Cells;Collection;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Development;Embryo;Erinaceidae;Evaluation;Event;Eye;Funding;Gene Chips;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Targeting;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Human;Inherited;Lead;Life;Longevity;Maintenance;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Mutation;Pathology;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Prevention;Property;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Reporting;Research;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Diseases;Role;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrate Photoreceptors;Vision;Visual;Work;Zebrafish;age related;base;cell type;extracellular;gene replacement therapy;gene therapy;in vivo;loss of function;mutant;neurogenesis;notch protein;progenitor;research study;response;retinal damage;retinal progenitor cell;retinal rods;smoothened signaling pathway;tool;two-dimensional
288                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Image;Immersion Investigative Technique;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt&apos;s disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic resource;human model;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
289                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Human X Chromosome;Image;Immersion;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt&apos;s disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
290                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Human X Chromosome;Image;Immersion;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt&apos;s disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;differential expression;differentiation protocol;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;regenerative approach;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;translational applications;vision science
291                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Age related macular degeneration;Blindness;Cell physiology;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Communities;Cone;Development;Disease;Embryo;Event;Funding;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Human;Image;In Situ Hybridization;Injury;Label;Laboratories;Lead;Lesion;Life;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Natural regeneration;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Plastics;Property;Protocols documentation;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Reporting;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Pigments;Retinitis Pigmentosa;Retinoid Receptor;Retinoids;Series;Signal Transduction;Sorting - Cell Movement;Stem cells;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Transplantation;Treatment Protocols;Vertebrates;Zebrafish;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;extracellular;gene replacement therapy;gene therapy;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;in vivo;induced pluripotent stem cell;loss of function;photoreceptor progenitor;progenitor;promoter;public health relevance;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;retinal rods;small molecule;stem cell differentiation;transcriptome sequencing;vision science
292                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Human X Chromosome;Image;Immersion;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt&apos;s disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;differential expression;differentiation protocol;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;regenerative approach;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
293                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Image;Immersion Investigative Technique;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt&apos;s disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic resource;human model;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
294                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
297                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Solutions;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
298                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;Faculty;Funding;General Population;Generations;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Rural;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;interest;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;science education;scientific literacy;skills;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;university student
299                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;success;web site;working group
300                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Antibiotics;Attention;Biological;Clostridium difficile;Communities;Complex;Data;Development;Disease;Environment;Etiology;Foundations;Goals;Health;Health Promotion;Human;Human Microbiome;Individual;Infection;Irritable Bowel Syndrome;Mathematics;Measures;Mediating;Methodology;Methods;Microbe;Modeling;Modernization;Outcome;Phase;Population;Population Dynamics;Population Genetics;Property;Research;Research Personnel;Resistance;Resources;Risk;Series;Statistical Methods;Time;Toxin;Translating;Work;alpha Toxin;base;clinically relevant;data analysis pipeline;design;high risk;innovation;interest;mathematical model;member;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;microbiome research;microorganism interaction;novel;pathogen;repaired;resilience;theories;tool;trait;vaginal microbiome
301                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;International;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Stains;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Workforce Development;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;formative assessment;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;student training;undergraduate student
302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Recruitment Activity;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;base;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;senior faculty
303                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Academy;Area;Assessment tool;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;laboratory experiment;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;student training;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
304                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;undergraduate student
305                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity;transcriptomics
306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Calcified;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Developing Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Physiological;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;experimental study;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function
307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Formulation;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Modulus;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;experimental study;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;repaired;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy;viscoelasticity
308                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Technology;Time;Tissues;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;undergraduate student
309                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Developing Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Physiological;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;experimental study;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function
310                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Formulation;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Modulus;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;density;design;experimental study;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;repaired;restoration;simulation;societal costs;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy;viscoelasticity
311                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Methodology;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success;synergism
312                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Time;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;formative assessment;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
313                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;genomic data;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
314                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Recruitment Activity;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;senior faculty
315                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Respiratory tract structure;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;experimental study;in vitro Model;mathematical analysis;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;outcome prediction;pathogen;pediatric patients;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;formative assessment;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;genomic data;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Process;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function;research study
319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Students;Underserved Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student
321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;International;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Staining method;Stains;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Workforce Development;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;formative assessment;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;student training;undergraduate student
322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Affect;Bayesian Analysis;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computational Technique;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Health Policy;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Network;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computerized tools;flexibility;human pathogen;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
323                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AKT2 gene;Adhesions;Adhesives;Animal Model;Attenuated;Basement membrane;Biology;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Centers of Research Excellence;Complex;Computer Simulation;Data;Data Set;Dementia;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;FOXO1A gene;Follow-Up Studies;Functional disorder;Gene Transfer;Genes;Goals;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Molecular;Molecular Analysis;Multiple Sclerosis;Mus;Neuraxis;Outcome;Pathogenicity;Permeability;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Property;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;RNA;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Running;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Source;Stroke;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Tight Junctions;Translating;Traumatic injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Work;autocrine;base;biglycan;brain endothelial cell;cost;decorin;design;experimental study;gene therapy;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;prevent;seal;small hairpin RNA;solute;tool
325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregate;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Solutions;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;Faculty;Funding;General Population;Generations;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Rural;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;interest;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;science education;skills;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;university student
328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Process;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function;research study
329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Environment;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Histology;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;high throughput technology;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;research study;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Accounting;Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Disease;Drug Formulations;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Healed;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Property;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;repaired;research study;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy
331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;N.I.H. Research Support;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;meetings;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;square foot;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity;transcriptomics
332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Accounting;Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Disease;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Formulation;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Healed;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Property;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;repaired;research study;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy
333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;mouse model;novel;promoter;recombinase-mediated cassette exchange;research study;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Nulliparity;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signaling Protein;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;experimental study;high throughput technology;histological specimens;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;inflammatory milieu;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
335                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Solutions;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
336                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computer Simulation;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV/TB;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Public Policy;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Environment;Social Network;Sorting - Cell Movement;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Techniques;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Workforce Development;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;formative assessment;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;undergraduate student
338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Accounting;Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Respiratory tract structure;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Time;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;in vitro Model;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;pathogen;pediatric patients;research study;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
339                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;experimental study;in vitro Model;mathematical analysis;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;outcome prediction;pathogenic virus;pediatric patients;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
340                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;skills;tissue repair
341                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Animals;Antibodies;Applications Grants;Award;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Bioreactors;Catalogs;Cell Line;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Databases;Effectiveness;Engineering;Equipment;Equipment and supply inventories;Floor;Freezing;Funding;Genetic;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Human Cell Line;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Letters;Location;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Molecular;Outcome;Physiological;Plants;Plumbing;Policies;Process;Productivity;Proteins;Proteomics;Publications;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Peer Review;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Sampling;Science;Signal Transduction;Specimen;Time;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;base;biobank;bioprinting;cell behavior;college;facility renovation;graduate student;improved;laboratory facility;meetings;operation;programs;research facility;summer research;training opportunity;undergraduate student;web site
342                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;equipment acquisition;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
343                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Academy;Area;Assessment tool;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;curriculum enhancement;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;laboratory experiment;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;student training;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
344                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Animal Experimentation;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;faculty research;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;sabbatical;student training;success;training opportunity;undergraduate student
345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;undergraduate student
346                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;web site
347                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tissue repair
348                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;N.I.H. Research Support;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;meetings;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;undergraduate student
349                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Technology;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;mouse model;novel;promoter;research study;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
350                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;recruit;senior faculty
351                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Methodology;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success;synergism
352                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;web site
353                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
354                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Students;Underserved Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student
355                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair
356                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;N.I.H. Research Support;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;meetings;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;undergraduate student
357                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;First Generation College Students;Funding;General Population;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Internships;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Workforce Development;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;rural underserved;science education;scientific literacy;skills;summer research;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
358                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity;transcriptomics
359                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Cancer Risk Factor;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Nulliparity;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Signaling Protein;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;breast cancer progression;driving force;early pregnancy;experimental study;high throughput technology;histological specimens;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;inflammatory milieu;instrumentation;lactation period;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
360                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacology;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;experimental study;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;liver development;mouse model;novel;promoter;recombinase-mediated cassette exchange;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
361                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;experimental study;in vitro Model;mathematical analysis;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;outcome prediction;pathogen;pediatric patients;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
362                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Exposure to;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;co-infection;epidemiologic data;epidemiology study;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector;viral transmission;virology
363                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computational Technique;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Health Policy;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Network;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
364                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;co-infection;epidemiologic data;epidemiology study;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector;viral transmission;virology
365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computational Technique;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Public Policy;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Network;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
366                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Evaluation;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;undergraduate student
367                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Academy;Area;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Commit;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Confidentiality;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Exercise;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
368                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Animals;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Staging;Students;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;success
369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
370                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Animals;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Staging;Students;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;success
371                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
372                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Algorithms;Anatomy;Attention;Breast;Breast Cancer Early Detection;Cause of Death;Characteristics;Complex;Computer-Assisted Diagnosis;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Set;Detection;Devices;Diagnosis;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Evaluation;Fatty acid glycerol esters;Feedback;Female;Goals;Human;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Device;Imaging Techniques;Judgment;Knowledge;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Neoplasms;Mammary Ultrasonography;Mammary gland;Manuals;Mathematics;Medical;Medical Imaging;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Nature;Neural Network Simulation;Noise;Output;Painless;Performance;Process;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Shapes;Survival Rate;Testing;Texture;Tissue imaging;Tissues;Training;Tumor-Associated Process;Ultrasonography;United States;Universities;Update;Utah;Variant;Visual;Woman;Work;advanced breast cancer;base;breast imaging;clinical examination;computer aided detection;computerized tools;convolutional neural network;cost effective;deep learning;human model;image processing;imaging Segmentation;imaging properties;improved;innovation;learning strategy;malignant breast neoplasm;medical schools;model development;prospective;radiologist;spatial relationship;success;tool;tumor
373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Academy;Area;Assessment tool;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;curriculum enhancement;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;laboratory experiment;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;student training;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
374                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Animal Experimentation;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;faculty research;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;sabbatical;student training;success;training opportunity;undergraduate student
375                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;First Generation College Students;Funding;General Population;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Internships;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Workforce Development;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;rural underserved;science education;scientific literacy;skills;summer research;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
376                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;undergraduate student
377                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacology;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;experimental study;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;liver development;mouse model;novel;promoter;recombinase-mediated cassette exchange;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
378                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
379                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Evaluation;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;undergraduate student
380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Academy;Area;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Confidentiality;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Exercise;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
381                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Housing;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Left;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Staging;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success
383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Epidemiologic Studies;Epidemiology;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;base;co-infection;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector;viral transmission;virology
384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Animals;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Staging;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;faculty research;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;sabbatical;student training;success;training opportunity
385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;First Generation College Students;Funding;General Population;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Internships;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Rural;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Workforce Development;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;science education;scientific literacy;skills;summer research;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;recruit;senior faculty
387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;N.I.H. Research Support;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;meetings;metabolomics;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;square foot;success;therapeutic development;transcriptomics
388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Methodology;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success;synergism
389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Exposure to;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;co-infection;epidemiologic data;epidemiology study;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogenic virus;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector-borne;viral transmission;virology
390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;Writing;base;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
391                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Affect;Algorithms;Alleles;Automobile Driving;Biological;Breast Cancer Patient;Clinical Data;Complex;Computing Methodologies;Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);DNA Methylation;DNA Sequence;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Disease model;Epigenetic Process;Etiology;Gene Combinations;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genetic Variation;Genotype;Goals;Individual;Lead;Link;Malignant Neoplasms;Methods;Methylation;Modeling;Mutation;Patients;Phenotype;Plant Roots;Population;Process;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Regulatory Pathway;Research;Role;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Transcription Process;base;cancer subtypes;clinical phenotype;complex data ;disorder subtype;effective therapy;experimental study;genetic variant;genomic data;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;molecular phenotype;network models;new therapeutic target;novel;simulation;tumor;tumor progression
392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Wound Healing;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity
393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Address;Affect;Anatomy;Arthritis;Biological;Biological Factors;Biological Markers;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Engineering;Cadaver;Cartilage;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Fibril;Computer Simulation;Custom;Data;Degenerative polyarthritis;Early Intervention;Elements;Evaluation;Excision;Exercise;Extracellular Matrix;Foundations;Gait;Goals;Image;Incidence;Individual;Intervention;Joints;Knee Osteoarthritis;Lateral;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mechanics;Medial;Modeling;Muscle;Musculoskeletal;Obesity;Operative Surgical Procedures;Osteotomy;Outcome;Pain;Patients;Phase;Population;Postoperative Period;Principal Component Analysis;Productivity;Quality of life;Rehabilitation therapy;Research;Research Personnel;Sampling;Serum;Severities;Social Impacts;Stains;Structure;Synovial Fluid;System;Testing;Thick;Tissues;Training Programs;Vision;Work;aging population;articular cartilage;base;bioimaging;bone;bone stress;cartilage degradation;computational platform;confocal imaging;crosslink;disorder risk;early onset;economic impact;gait rehabilitation;human old age (65+);improved;individual patient;mammalian COMP;mechanical load;patient population;preclinical evaluation;prevent;regenerative;rehabilitation strategy;response;tool
394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    5&apos; Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor/antagonist;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Environment;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;high throughput technology;histological specimens;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;research study;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;International;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;equipment acquisition;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             abstract_text
1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – OVERALL COMPONENT\nGreat advances have been made in improving health in the US, but substantial gender disparities remain.\nCompared to men, women are more likely to be obese and are at greater risk of physical disabilities. Excessive\nweight gain during pregnancy and the physiological and physical demands of pregnancy and lactation lead\nmany women to accrue substantial body fat while experiencing a variety of nutrient deficiencies, reproductive-\nrelated diseases, and mental health challenges. These and other health disparities are even greater in margin-\nalized populations, particularly those with inadequate healthcare and/or living in poverty – a situation common\nin Idaho. Much of Idaho is characterized as ‘frontier and remote’ due to sparce population and poor access to\nbasic goods and service. Idaho has the fewest physicians per capita of any state, and many Idahoans live in\npoverty and are food insecure. This ‘perfect storm’ puts vulnerable Idaho women at risk for even greater health\ndisparities. There are complex factors driving these health inequities, but inadequate nutrition is one of the\nmost interwoven, unifying themes. Our overarching goal is to develop an internationally recognized COBRE\nin Nutrition and Women’s Health at the University of Idaho. This COBRE will support a critical mass of feder-\nally funded, multidisciplinary scientists who will contribute to knowledge of and improve evidence-based nutri-\ntional practices for women. Participating investigators and their students will study various aspects of nutrition\nand women’s health, particularly during critical periods of growth, development, and senescence. Studies will\naddress situations characterized by limited resources and other environmental, physical, and identity-based\nchallenges to health and wellbeing that often have nutritional underpinnings and consequences. We will build\ninstitutional capacity by harnessing, supporting, and expanding current strengths and expertise of faculty and\nfacilities at the University of Idaho and the region. We will also aggressively recruit new faculty with comple-\nmentary research interests to join our synergistic team. We will accomplish our goals through three aims: 1)\nestablish and administer a multi-component center in nutrition and women’s health that enables multidiscipli-\nnary research collaboration, 2) promote multidisciplinary synergistic research in nutrition and women’s health\nthat propels junior faculty to research independence, and 3) expand the impact of this COBRE to increase sus-\ntainable, transdisciplinary research in and dissemination of knowledge in nutrition and women’s health at the\nUniversity of Idaho and the state of Idaho. The proposed COBRE in Nutrition and Women’s Health is signifi-\ncant because it will create a culture of multi- and transdisciplinary collaboration and establish a nucleus of re-\nsearch excellence around our theme. This COBRE is innovative because it will be uniquely focused on nutri-\ntion and women’s health. This COBRE will be impactful through discoveries and advances in women’s health\nthat will benefit all women, while particularly addressing those in underserved and marginalized populations.\nOur work in Idaho will have far reaching implications, as the state is similar to much of the rural, western US.
2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – RESEARCH CORE COMPONENT\nFundamental to effectively studying nutrition and women’s health is having access to equipment and expertise\nneeded for nutritional status and health assessment. This includes equipment for various measurements of\nanthropometry (e.g., weight, body composition), biochemical measurements (e.g., blood chemistries), clinical\nassessments (e.g., signs and symptoms of nutritional deficiencies), and dietary assessments (e.g., food record\nanalysis). In addition, many researchers studying nutrition use indirect calorimetry and stable isotope method-\nology, and those conducting dietary intervention studies require the use of a kitchen. Our long-term goal is to\nsupport a critical mass of multidisciplinary scientists synergistically studying nutrition and women’s health at the\nUniversity of Idaho. A primary objective in this Phase 1 COBRE Research Core is to establish a new and\nunique Nutrition Analytics Core Laboratory (NACL). The NACL will be comprised collectively of 1) a unique\nmain suite of laboratories serving as its ‘hub’ and 2) a network of satellite laboratories and associated ‘Faculty\nSubject Matter Experts.’ The main NACL hub laboratory suite will be comprised of a Wet Chemistry Labora-\ntory, a Computer Laboratory, a Body Composition Laboratory, a Resting Metabolic Rate Laboratory, and a\nMetabolic Kitchen. The NACL’s hub and satellite laboratories will be easily accessible by all faculty and staff\nlooking to leverage their broad capacities for research related to nutrition and women’s health. We will accom-\nplish our goal through three aims: 1) establish the NACL, a new and unique research facility to serve the scien-\ntific needs of the research projects in this COBRE for Nutrition and Women’s Health, 2) operate the NACL us-\ning best practices that include a comprehensive business plan, and 3) open the NACL to all COBRE and non-\nCOBRE scientists. PD/PI McGuire will provide broad oversight to the NACL which will be directed by Dr. Janet\nWilliams. Day-to-day operations will be overseen by a dedicated Research Support Specialist. The COBRE in\nNutrition and Women’s Health, including the NACL, will build institutional critical mass and capacity in nutri-\ntion and women’s health research with the goal of establishing an international reputation within this scientific\ntheme. The NACL is innovative in that it builds a comprehensive facility that will eventually address nearly all\naspects of data collection and analyses pertinent to nutrition research. It will span the needs of scientists con-\nducting basic biological experiments to those focused on social or behavioral aspects of nutrition and those\ndeveloping novel computational approaches to understand the impacts of nutrition on women’s health across\nthe lifespan. The NACL will be impactful because it will allow University of Idaho researchers and regional col-\nlaborators unparalleled ability to study the broad range of nutrients, physiological conditions (e.g., growth,\npregnancy, lactation, exercise, weight loss or gain, aging), and health outcomes that encompass our theme of\nnutrition and women’s health.
3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT SUMMARY – RPL CHEN\nMothers of preterm infants experience elevated stress compared to that typically associated with new mother-\nhood. Indeed, up to 70% of mothers of preterm infants experience postpartum depression compared to 12.5%\nof those delivering term infants. This is important because mental stress in women is linked with poor maternal\nand infant health as well as (in breastfeeding women) altered circulating levels of bioactive proteins that can\ntransfer into milk. This project will use rigorous approaches to generate new scientific knowledge with\nthe potential to improve clinical outcomes for breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants living in north-\nern Idaho, a region classified as being rural as well as ‘frontier and remote.’ Understanding modifiable\nfactors predisposing mothers of preterm infants to extreme stress and finding ways to lower this stress and\nprevent its negative impacts on maternal and infant health are important public health challenges. Serum vita-\nmin D concentration is inversely correlated with risk of postpartum depression in women delivering term in-\nfants, yet interventions with vitamin D supplements have yielded inconsistent results. In addition, there have\nbeen no vitamin D intervention studies in mothers of preterm infants. There is a critical need to determine ways\nto lower stress, response to it, and/or depression in the vulnerable population of mothers of preterm infants.\nOur long-term goal is to develop interventions to improve maternal and infant health – particularly in the con-\ntext of preterm births. The primary objective of this proposal is to determine if maternal vitamin D supplementa-\ntion improves mental health in mothers of preterm infants living in the Idaho panhandle. Secondarily, we will\nassess the impact of supplementation on human milk composition. Our central hypotheses are that 1) vitamin\nD supplementation improves mental health in women delivering prematurely; and 2) vitamin D supplementation\nbeneficially modifies human milk vitamin D and immunomodulatory composition. We will test our hypotheses\nthrough a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 120 mothers of preterm in-\nfants. Mothers will be randomized to consume either a placebo control (corn oil supplement) or vitamin D sup-\nplements (2,000 IU/day vitamin D3). Maternal stress and depression will be assessed by measuring sali-\nvary/milk cortisol and oxytocin as well as administering validated stress, depression, and self-compassion\nquestionnaires. Vitamin D status will be assessed using serum vitamin D concentration, dietary intake ques-\ntionnaires, and concentration of vitamin D in milk. Holistic milk composition will be assessed by proteomics and\ntargeted protein analyses. This study is significant and innovative because it will, for the first time, document\nthe effects of vitamin D supplementation on stress, depression, and milk composition in mothers of preterm\ninfants. Should our hypotheses be supported, this research will improve clinical care for mothers of preterm\ninfants in Idaho, other rural Western states, and possibly other regions. If findings are replicated in mothers of\nterm infants, our results may also extend to this broader neonatal population.
4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT SUMMARY – RPL LANE\nWorldwide, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, largely due to increasing occurrence of overweight and\nobesity. Approximately 10.5% of the US population has diabetes, and this rate is higher among women and\nsome racial/ethnic minorities, including Hispanics (17%). Hispanic women experience higher proportional risks\nof mortality and complications from diabetes compared to Hispanic men. Hispanic diabetes disparities are\nmainly attributed to limited access to healthy foods and poor access to healthcare; however, factors increasing\ndiabetes risk in Hispanic women are complex and not fully understood. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or\ndelayed through lifestyle changes that include weight loss and greater physical activity. Our long-term goal is to\nimprove women’s health through developing effective health promotion and disease treatments related to nutri-\ntion and lifestyle. The primary goal of the research proposed here is to understand the complex intersec-\ntions of nutrition, gender roles, ethnicity, and mental health as they relate to the development of diabe-\ntes and treatment-seeking behaviors among Hispanic women living in Idaho. Idaho women are at ele-\nvated risk for many poor health outcomes because large portions of the state are rural and are categorized as\n‘remote and frontier.’ These regions are sparsely populated and have limited access to basic goods and ser-\nvices – including grocery stores and health care. We will use a novel, intersectional, mixed-methods experi-\nmental design that acknowledges systematic discrimination due to interwoven identity-based characteristics,\nsuch as gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, immigration status, socio-economic status, and disability, which\ncreate overlapping barriers to opportunity, resulting in poor nutrition and inadequate healthcare access. This\nintersectional mixed-methods study includes 1) an online survey to identify associations between type 2 diabe-\ntes control and dietary intake, food security, physical activity, selfcare, caregiving, medication use, and expo-\nsure to stress and discrimination among Hispanic Idahoans; 2) qualitative interviews documenting women’s\nself-expressed life stories that may capture experiences contributing to development of type 2 diabetes; and 3)\nstatistical testing of the final intersectional model that integrates associations between type 2 diabetes in His-\npanic women and their nutritional, physical, mental, and socio-emotional health. This research is significant\nand novel because it will use, for the first time, an intersectional mixed-methods approach to understand nutri-\ntional, physical, mental, caregiving, and socio-emotional factors contributing to the development of diabetes\namong Hispanic women living in Idaho. The results from this study will identify areas for interventions to im-\nprove diabetes control and prevention programs. Also, the innovative intersectional mixed-model method may\nbe applied to further understanding diabetes development and progression, and even more broadly to other\nnutrition-related chronic health concerns for women, Idahoans, and the nation.
5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY – ALTERATION AND RENOVATION\n Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Nutrition and Women’s Health\nAs part of this the COBRE in Nutrition and Women’s Health, a new and unique Nutrition Analytics Core La-\nboratory (NACL) will be created. This facility will operate as the hub for equipment and expertise that serve\nvarious aspects of nutrition- and health-related analyses and approaches. The NACL will be a “one-stop-shop”\nfor faculty and students who wish to conduct nutrition and health research. The University of Idaho has com-\nmitted substantial space for the NACL that will be improved by alterations and renovation. Our goal is to alter\nand renovate several adjoining spaces in the University of Idaho’s Food Research Center that will constitute\nthe “hub” of the NACL. We will accomplish this goal through two aims: 1) Alter or renovate rooms in the Uni-\nversity of Idaho’s Food Research Center to house the NACL that will be used by research project leaders\n(RPLs), Pilot Project awardees, Technology Access Grant (TAG) recipients, and new and existing faculty and\nstudents conducting research related to nutrition and women’s health, and 2) Delineate and justify all major\nfixed equipment items requested for the renovated area. The NACL is innovative as it will eventually provide a\ncomprehensive facility that addresses nearly all aspects of data collection and analyses pertinent to nutrition\nresearch. It spans the needs of scientists conducting basic biological experiments to those focused on social or\nbehavioral aspects of nutrition to those developing novel computational approaches to understand impacts of\nnutrition on women’s health. Our approach is significant and impactful because it allows researchers (regard-\nless of their fundamental primary research focus) unparalleled ability to study the broad range of nutrients,\nphysiological conditions, and health outcomes that encompass nutrition and women’s health.
6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY – ADMINISTRATIVE CORE COMPONENT\nThe Administrative Core will be the organizational nucleus for all COBRE in Nutrition and Women’s Health\nactivities. The Administrative Core will oversee the Research Project Leaders (RPLs), Pilot Project competi-\ntions, and faculty mentoring. It will be integrally involved in recruiting, hiring, and retaining new faculty to build a\ncritical mass of scientists conducting federally funded research in nutrition and women’s health at the Uni-\nversity of Idaho. It will propel emerging investigators to achieve research independence, build a critical mass of\nscientists in this theme, and establish a new, vibrant research core facility, the Nutrition Analytics Core La-\nboratory (NACL). The Administrative Core will be highly organized, and its functions and processes transpar-\nent. The leader of the COBRE and the Administrative Core will be PD/PI Dr. Michelle (Shelley) McGuire, an\ninternationally recognized nutrition expert with decades of experience leading large, multidisciplinary teams;\nconducting research related to nutrition and women’s health; and mentoring emerging faculty engaged in nutri-\ntion research. There will be an Advisory Committee, comprised of five highly qualified members, that will ad-\nvise PD/PI McGuire in areas of scientific excellence, critique RPLs’ progress towards their milestone expecta-\ntions, evaluate the research core business plan and service to users, review/award Pilot Project grants, and\nreview/approve replacement research project proposals and associate RPLs. There are five aims: 1) provide\nday-to-day oversight required for this COBRE to fully reach its goals, including organizing scientific and career\ndevelopment activities, preparing programmatic and financial reports, ensuring all activities are in comply with\nstate and federal regulations, and managing budgets; 2) provide clear RPL Developmental Plans for continued\nprofessional development of RPLs that include specific milestones to transition to research independence; 3)\nestablish and oversee a Pilot Project Program and Technology Access Grants to identify, promote, and support\nnew investigators in the area of nutrition and women’s health; 4) based on continuous formative and summa-\ntive strategies, provide annual evaluations of this COBRE and implement recommendations of the Advisory\nCommittee for ongoing improvements; and 5) communicate findings from this COBRE and other relevant re-\nsearch related to nutrition and women’s health to stakeholders in Idaho. This Phase 1 COBRE will build institu-\ntional critical mass and capacity in nutrition and women’s health research with the goal of establishing an inter-\nnational reputation within this scientific theme. The collective efforts will be significant and innovative because\nthey will support the only NIH COBRE solely focused on both nutrition and women’s health. Our results will\nbe impactful, as this topic directly affects all Idaho women and more than half the US (and global) population\nand indirectly influences us all through improving the lives of women. Our work in Idaho [much of which is char-\nacterized as ‘frontier and remote’ (FAR) due to sparce population and poor access to basic goods and ser-\nvices] will have far reaching implications, as the state is similar to much of the rural, western US.
7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – RPL BROWN\nObesity, defined as excessive adipose tissue (>30% of body weight for women and >20% of body weight for\nmen), is a national health crisis impacting individuals of all ages. While body mass index (BMI; body\nweight/height2; kg/m2) is the primary measure of obesity in epidemiological studies and medical practice, this\nmeasure fails to identify 50% of those with genuine excess adiposity. Consequently, there is a hidden popula-\ntion of individuals with high body fat who are misclassified as nonobese via BMI (healthy BMI considered to be\n18.5-24.9 kg/m2). These individuals are described as ‘normal weight obese’ (NWO). NWO individuals likely\nhave the same elevated risks for comorbidities (e.g., metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, cardiovascular dis-\nease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) as those correctly classified as obese. The prevalence of body fat mis-\nclassification among females is likely exaggerated in rural communities, where risk of true obesity is elevated\nabove national averages. This is in part because people living in rural areas tend to have limited access to\nhealthcare, fitness facilities, community centers, and evidence-based information regarding nutrition and physi-\ncal fitness. Much of Idaho is classified as being in the ‘frontier and remote’ (FAR) West with most (80%) coun-\nties classified as rural. Currently, 31% of Idahoan women are classified as obese based on BMI, a number that\nalmost certainly underestimates true obesity due to NWO. Our preliminary data show high levels of NWO in\nphysically active college-aged women living in Idaho, and we hypothesize that rates are much higher in the\ngeneral population of women and that this is associated with poor health outcomes. The aims of the study pro-\nposed here are significant because they address these important questions and will explore factors associated\nwith NWO risk. Briefly, we will conduct an epidemiological study of premenopausal women documenting rigor-\nous measurements of dietary intake, physical activity and exercise behaviors, perceptions of body image, body\ncomposition and circumferences, muscular strength and endurance, aerobic fitness, metabolic health, oxida-\ntive stress, inflammation, and menstrual health. Additionally, we will compare the physical and physiological\noutcomes between NWO and NWL premenopausal females. Our central hypothesis is that premenopausal\nfemales with poor diet quality and avoidance of resistance exercise are more likely to be categorized as NWO,\nand that these women have suboptimal physical and physiological health. These aims are innovative and sig-\nnificant because they will yield novel data related to lifestyle behaviors most strongly associated with NWO in\npremenopausal females living in a rural area. Idaho’s population is representative of similar vast regions\nacross the entire West, so this study’s ramifications for future targeted interventions have implications for\nmany. This work is impactful as it will likely unveil an underrecognized health condition with potential lifetime\nconsequences among seemingly healthy young women and is the first step in designing randomized, con-\ntrolled intervention trials to study mechanisms and treatments.
8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Most quantitative models in biomedical research have been formulated by ordinary differential equations \n(ODEs). Despite the great contributions ODEs have made to biology and beyond, the high-dimensional, \ntime-dependent factors of the immune system still pose a significant challenge to the predictive value of \nODEs as it would require several hundred equations and thousands of parameters to be estimated. The \nrecent rise of machine learning as a powerful computational tool to integrate large datasets presents a \nspecial opportunity to deal with the inherent complexity of biological systems. However, machine learning \napproaches do not consider the mechanistic knowledge of the underlying interactions. Preliminary studies \nthat combine ODEs and machine learning highlight that these computational algorithms could be on the \ncusp of a major revolution. Remarkably enough, however, no parameter estimation theory exists to \nintegrate simultaneously both approaches. We propose to create new hybrid models and test their \npredictions in a mouse viral coinfection system to address a central vexation for infection biology which is \nhow and when to modulate immune responses to mitigate mortality during lethal respiratory viral infection. \nAt the interface between mathematical and life sciences, we will develop and analyze a novel suite of \ncomputational models that will integrate the underlying biological mechanisms to manage ill-posed \nproblems and explore massive design spaces, allowing for robust predictions from complex biological \nsystems. To validate and test our novel and foundational mathematical approaches, we will generate the \nbiological data from a mouse infection system with a mild viral pathogen (rhinovirus) two days before \ninfection with a lethal viral pathogen (influenza) that results in reduced disease compared to single infection \nalone. We hypothesize that this system can train our mathematical models in a natural way how the innate \nimmune system can be manipulated to reduce mortality to lethal infections and beyond. Key model \npredictions will be tested by targeted immune system manipulation during lethal infection, paving the way to \nunderstanding the role of complex immune interactions in respiratory viral disease pathology.
9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ABSTRACT\nThe North Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate (NI-B2B) program will establish an enduring partnership between\nthe University of Idaho (U of I) and North Idaho College (NIC). We identified a large cohort of biology-interested\nundergraduate students at NIC, half of whom are from populations underrepresented (UR) in sciences. The\nnumber of NIC students who transfer to complete a biomedical related bachelor’s degree at U of I is low (~35\nstudents per year) and there are few undergraduate research opportunities for NIC students. Surveys of NIC\nstudents revealed barriers to transfer including lack of knowledge about degree plans and financial hardships.\nA self-assessment conducted at U of I identified undergraduate research-oriented departments and mentors\nwith experience supporting UR in science students. These self-studies are the basis for the proposed five-\nyear project to increase the number and diversity of students in biomedical research by partnering NIC\nstudents with U of I faculty mentors. To do so, we will pursue two program objectives: 1) increase the number\nof NIC to U of I transfer students by 10% per year of the program (from 35 to 55+ per year over five years) and\n2) increase the graduation rate and matriculation of U of I UR students into graduate research programs by\n50% over baseline during the project period. Rationale: NIC currently offers only six research opportunities for\n>1,800 biology-interested students and has a low go-on rate, limiting the pipeline of UR students into graduate\nresearch programs and careers. The NI-B2B program will develop a pipeline program to increase the number\nand diversity of students entering graduate research programs and careers. Research Training Program\nDesign: The program objectives will be met by achieving the following program goals: Aim 1. Increase the\nnumber and diversity of students pursuing biomedical research careers by developing a transfer\npathway for NIC students. We will integrate interdisciplinary Course-based Undergraduate Research\nExperiences (CURE) labs into existing NIC courses to promote transfer and completion of a four-year degree.\nThe CURE course will also serve to introduce and recruit applicants into the NI-B2B program. Aim 2. Immerse\nNI-B2B scholars in biomedical research experiences. We will immerse cohorts of 6 NIC students in\nbiomedical research experiences with a faculty mentor at U of I during the summers before and after bridging\nto U of I. Aim 3. Prepare NI-B2B scholars for graduate studies by embedding them in a mentored\nresearch environment and by helping students develop competitive graduate program applications.\nWe will integrate students into a research team and a NI-B2B scholars cohort. Students will learn to conduct\nindependent research in a mentored research environment and learn to interpret and communicate scientific\nresults as they consolidate a scientist identity. Students will prepare to take the GRE and learn to select and\ndevelop tailored graduate program applications as part of the NI-B2B cohort.
10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Project Summary / Abstract.\nScientific misconceptions are becoming increasingly pervasive and damaging to the national\ninterest. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted how misconceptions related to\ninfectious disease can pose serious medical, economic, and social challenges by increasing\nnon-compliance with public health recommendations and undermining trust in scientific\ninstitutions. Unfortunately, once scientific misconceptions are adopted by an individual, they are\nnotoriously difficult to remediate by merely presenting the “correct” information. We need\neducational programs and tools that integrate evidence-based information with broader societal\nfactors, representation of individual risk, and multiple representations of information to improve\nour ability to correct misconceptions. Our goal is to create an innovative, sustainable, and\nreproducible educational program that: (1) Creates and deploys an innovative game-based\nsimulation to educate users about infectious diseases, (2) Inspires young people from diverse\nbackgrounds to consider careers in biomedical research, (3) Provides teachers with engaging\nand easily adopted digital tools that build students’ systems thinking and data science literacy\nskills, and (4) Conducts innovative STEM education research about the remediation of\nmisconceptions using systems thinking and Advanced Learning Technologies.
11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PROJECT SUMMARY – FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TESTING CORE (FACT CORE)\nThe FaCT core will provide the biomedical engineering support needed for RPLs and others to fully engage in\nthe development, synthesis, and validation of devices, sensors, and systems to be used in foundational or\napplied biomedical research and/or clinical-translational work in the COBRE in Convergent Engineering and\nBiomolecular Science (CEBS). This innovative engineering-focused core will be a consolidation of four existing\nresearch cores in the College of Engineering, three of which are already recharge centers. The FaCT core will\nmerge the Idaho Microfabrication Lab IML), the Boise State Center for Materials Characterization (BSCMC),\nthe Engineering Research Support ERS) center, and the Biomedical Engineering Center (BEC). To meet\nCEBS COBRE goals, researchers must be able to fabricate a wide range of devices and structures from\nsimple mechanical devices to more sophisticated sensors through machining, printing, or microfabrication.\nAfter fabrication, researchers will also need to be able to characterize physical, optical, and electrical\nproperties of the devices/sensors to assess their performance for the required research. Hence, each research\neffort will require use of a variety of tools, instruments, processes, and expertise supplied by FaCT core\nfacilities and personnel. The FaCT core will be overseen by a new Core Director who will consolidate the four\nfacilities administratively, enhance the focus to increase biomedical engineering usage, and manage\npersonnel, equipment, and facilities. The Core Director will establish the recharge rates for the BEC as it\nbecomes a recharge center, and oversee annual assessments of recharge rates across the entire facility. To\nincentivize CEBs responsive research in the FaCT core, a voucher program will be established to pay recharge\nservice costs. Finally, the FaCT core will join the ranks of core facilities at BSU, the state of Idaho, and the\nMountain West that are promoted by the INBRE and RAIN programs for use by biomedical researchers in\nacademia, government, and private industry.
12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT SUMMARY – BROWN\nStress Fracture is a common and highly destructive overuse musculoskeletal injury that may be successfully\ntreated with a brief reduction in physical activity. Yet, we currently lack the scientific knowledge and technical\ncapacity to accurately assess bone damage in time to allow practitioners an opportunity to prescribe the rest\nnecessary to avoid fracture development. The long-term goal is to enhance scientific knowledge of stress\nfracture development, and improve researcher and clinician ability to predict and accurately detect individuals\nat risk for stress fracture. The project hypothesis in this application is practitioners can diagnose stress fracture\nrisk prior to injury by detecting abnormal tibial loading and bone microdamage before injury development. The\nrationale for this work is that enabling early and accurate diagnosis of tibial stress fracture may be key for\nefficacious prevention and treatment modalities, and a substantial reduction in the incidence of this destructive\nmusculoskeletal injury. The project hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: (1) Quantify tibial\nbone loads across a range of physical activities; (2) Develop statistical model of tibial loading during physical\nactivity; and (3) Automate ultrasound use to detect tibial stress fracture. For the first and second aims, we will\ncollect biomechanical data to evaluate tibial loading during conditions commonly encountered during outdoor\nphysical activity for individuals with and without history of tibial stress fracture, and mechanically load a tibia to\ndevelop a statistical model of bone loading experienced during single and repeated bouts of physical activity.\nFor the third aim, we will collect ultrasound images of a tibia shortly after stress fracture and after fracture\nsymptoms have subsided to standardize image acquisition and analysis techniques to automate detection of\ninjury. The proposed research is innovative, in the applicant’s opinion, because it seeks to expand foundational\nknowledge regarding tibial stress fracture development that can be implemented to facilitate accurate\nidentification of individuals at risk for stress fracture and enable early detection of the tibial damage that is a\nprecursor to injury. The proposed research is significant because it will provide the wider scientific community\nthe valuable knowledge to immediately improve tibial stress fracture diagnosis and treatment, as well as a\nstrong scientific foundation to develop effective prevention and rehabilitative strategies for this common\nmusculoskeletal injury. Collectively, these tangible benefits have potential to substantially reduce the\nprevalence of this common overuse injury.
13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PROJECT SUMMARY - JOHNSON\nDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising FDA-approved therapeutic for advanced Parkinson’s disease\n(PD), a disease that increases with age, affecting 1% of the population over the age of 60 and 10% of the\npopulation over the age of 80. There is a critical need to automate DBS parameter selection for optimal therapy\nand greatly reduce clinician burden. Clinical DBS, however, creates long-lasting stimulation artifacts that\nobscure and distort the detection of neural biomarkers that could be used to automate therapy. This study will\naddress this challenge by making innovative advancements to our closed-loop neuromodulation technology\ncalled WAND (wireless artifact-free neuromodulation device) that can reliably sense neural signals with\nconcurrent electrical stimulation. Our long-term goal is to develop a miniaturized DBS device that closes the\nloop by sensing biomarkers and computing stimulation parameters for automatic, patient-specific treatment.\nOur overall objective is to adapt WAND for rodent studies and use a machine learning search strategy to find\nthe best stimulation settings based on biomarkers in a rodent model of PD. Closed-loop DBS, enabled by\nWAND and by a machine-learning based parameter optimization, can produce longer-lasting and more energy-\nefficient motor rescue as compared to standard DBS therapy. The central hypothesis will be tested pursuing\nthree specific aims: 1) Optimize WAND for rodent studies to create a next-generation research platform; 2)\nValidate WAND’s ability to extract neural biomarkers during DBS therapy and gait analysis in a rat model of\nPD; and 3) Design and evaluate an optimization system to dynamically control neural biomarkers in a rat\nmodel of PD. This work is significant because it will make substantive advancements to a next-generation\nneurotechnology research platform (WAND). This smaller device will be more automated because of our\nemphasis on the critical technical challenge of improving patient-specific DBS parameter selection. Outcomes\nnot only advance PD research and clinical outcomes, but we can also extend knowledge given that DBS has\nshown promise as a treatment for many other neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, and\nmemory impairment. Further, the effort is well-suited to this COBRE as it addresses the Biomedical Devices,\nSensors, and Systems theme.
14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PROJECT SUMMARY ─ OVERALL\nBoise State University is an emerging research institution in the Mountain West. In the past 5 years, annual\nresearch awards have increased 58% to more than $65 million. The objective for the proposed COBRE in\nConvergent Engineering and Biomolecular Science (CEBS) is to enhance Boise State’s ability to contribute to\nsolving the nation’s healthcare needs by increasing convergence between engineering and biomolecular\nscience research. Advancements in healthcare will continue to rely on more evolved and complex devices,\nsensors, and integrated systems. The global medical devices market is expected to grow to $603.5 billion by\n2023. For this advancement, engineers and biomolecular scientists must collaborate closely and create new\ntransdisciplinary research areas. Researchers trained in outside disciplines often bring fresh perspectives, new\napproaches, and new technologies to the discipline. The overall program aims are to (1) support investigators\nin multidisciplinary collaborative research in devices, sensors, and systems; (2) establish an administrative\ncore to support convergent research; and (3) form a consolidated Fabrication, Characterization, and Testing\n(FaCT) core. This COBRE will strengthen the professional development of junior investigators and CEBS\nrelated researchers through training workshops in grant writing and scientific publication. Importantly,\nconvergent training workshops in the Science of Team Science will be utilized to improve communication\nacross disciplines to build stronger research teams. Four existing service centers in the College of Engineering\nwill be consolidated into the FaCT core to reduce redundancy, improve fiscal sustainability, and promote a\nbiomedical engineering focus. The FaCT core is innovative because it is an engineering-based research core\nthat is complementary to traditional biomedical research cores. The COBRE will support Pilot Projects and\nFaCT core vouchers to stimulate CEBS related research and use of the FaCT core. In summary, the CEBS\nCOBRE provides a framework to sponsor strong convergent research among engineers and biomolecular\nscientists through training workshops, mentoring, networking, and access to a novel engineering core facility.
15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PROJECT SUMMARY – MANNEN\nDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a mechanical disorder that impacts up to 10% of the population at\nbirth, but given a lack of knowledge to inform research and treatment, can result in a lifetime of painful and\ncostly biomechanical problems and osteoarthritis. Improving treatment depends on understanding how a baby\ninteracts with the Pavlik harness mechanical therapy brace at home, yet no research tools exist that allow for\nsuch measurements. The purpose of this project is to develop and validate a “smart” harness to enable at\nhome research relating to how babies being treated for DDH interact with the brace. We will (Aim 1) Develop\nsensors to measure biomechanics within the Pavlik harness, (Aim 2) Embed sensors onto the Pavlik harness\nand validate via in vitro testing, and (Aim 3) Validate the smart harness with in vivo human subjects testing.\nThe smart harness developed in this study will provide a proof-of-concept research device on which we can\ndesign future research and clinical studies to monitor the wear time, body position, and kicking data of babies\nundergoing DDH treatment, resulting in a more thorough understanding of these modifiable factors on clinical\nsuccess. This project fits within the overall COBRE theme by focusing on developing and embedding flexible\nsensors into a therapy device for biomedical applications. The Fabrication, Characterization, and Testing\nResearch Core is critical to the success of this project. Specifically, I will use the advanced manufacturing\ncapabilities and equipment to develop new flexible sensor types in Aim 1. The ElectroForce mechanical testing\nmachine will be required to validate the kicking data from sensors in Aim 2. The 3D scanner will be required to\ndevelop computer models of the smart harness in Aim 3 and will be necessary for future computational\nanalysis of the completed device.
16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT SUMMARY ─ ADMINISTRATIVE CORE\nBoise State University is an emerging research university with an expanding base of investigators working on\nsolutions to national and global healthcare problems. The objective for the proposed COBRE in Convergent\nEngineering and Biomolecular Science (CEBS) is to enhance collaborative and convergent research among\nBoise State University’s growing cohort of engineers and biomolecular scientists pursuing biomedical research\nin devices, sensors, and systems. The administrative core (AC) will oversee the career development\nopportunities for research project leaders and CEBS associated investigators. The AC will organize (1) a\nprofessional development committee, (2) an internal advisory committee (IAC), and (3) an external advisory\ncommittee (EAC). The AC will schedule regular committee meetings, including an annual review with the EAC\nto review program progress and elicit feedback. The AC will support professional development through\nconferences, grant writing workshops, convergent Science of Team Science training, seminar series, and\ntravel and networking opportunities. The AC will provide fiscal support through grants accounting, hiring, travel,\npurchasing, and annual progress reporting. The AC will oversee the creation and management of a\nconsolidated Fabrication, Characterization, and Testing Core from existing engineering service facilities. The\nAC will implement a Pilot Project grant program for new and established investigators who propose research in\nthe CEBS thematic area. An undergraduate summer internship will also be established and managed by the\nadministrative core. In managing these activities, it is the goal of the Administrative Core to sponsor growth\nand training for multidisciplinary teams working to contribute solutions to the growing global need for medical\ndevices and sensors to address human healthcare problems.
17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT SUMMARY -- KANDADAI\nOsteoporosis is a major problem with a high impact on human life, affecting over 48 million\npeople in the United States. Normally, healthy bone constantly undergoes remodeling, which\nhelps heal minor micro-fractures caused by day-to-day activity and keeps bones strong.\nOsteoporosis affects remodeling, increasing the probability of fracture. One of the common\ntreatments for osteoporosis is bisphosphonates. However, while it has been shown to improve\nosteoporosis, long-term bisphosphonate treatment creates the risk of generating micro-cracks\nand increases the chance of hip fractures. Both the disease and treatment cause a change in\nthe porosity of the bone, and currently, there are no viable techniques that accurately measure\nchanges in the bone porosity. Currently, two techniques are used to study the deterioration of\nbone, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT). Both techniques\nsuffer from low resolution making micro-cracks in the bone difficult to detect. In addition, MRI\nand CT are not readily amenable to measuring the effects of day-to-day activity, load-bearing,\nand age on bone porosity, which would be needed to create a preventative treatment plan. In\nour proposed project we are investigating a novel visible-light imaging technique to study and\ndifferentiate a variety of bone porosity and micro-cracks. In our project, we will use a technique\nknown as modulated photothermal radiometry (MPTR) that measures the porosity-dependent\nthermal conductivity of materials, such as bone. MPTR has two potential advantages over MRI\nand CT: 1) it uses visible light to study the deterioration of bone without harmful radiation, and 2)\nit is easier to implement in vivo with higher resolution. The work will have wide-reaching\nsignificance, both in the laboratory and in real life. Quantification of bone porosity and micro-\ncracks will improve the understanding of the effects of bone remodeling, a major issue in\nosteoporosis and other repetitive bone injuries.
18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Amino acid mutations in human visual pigments can impair color vision or lead to diseases such as degenerative blinding condition. Human vision requires that these pigments, consisting of a chromophore and associated opsin protein, have distinct peak spectral sensitivities in separate rod and cone photoreceptor populations. Peak spectral sensitivity is determined by the chromophore type and the amino acid sequence of the opsin. Understanding how a single mutation in the opsin protein can lead to anomalous visual function and disease would assist the development of molecular-level therapeutic strategies. Such an understanding is currently not available. The proposed research has an overarching goal of developing novel molecular-level therapeutic strategies to treat human vision deficiencies by unraveling the mysteries of the phototransduction cycle using state-of-the-art modeling approaches. The goal of the proposed research is to build on our molecular modeling framework to develop and test an automated computational pipeline to estimate peak spectral sensitivity for Rh1 rod opsins and use it to elucidate mechanisms for disease-associated mutations. In Aim 1, we will build a machine-learning-based pipeline, which will utilize homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, for accurately predicting peak spectral sensitivity from opsin amino acid sequence data. Aim 2 will employ mixed quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics simulations to elucidate molecular mechanisms of spectral shift and improve the pipeline. In Aim 3, we will use the pipeline to determine molecular mechanisms for anomalous visual functions. The proposed research has the potential for high impact in the field of human vision because it will provide a predictive modeling approach for visual pigments, that has remained elusive for decades. This new genome-to-phenome understanding of the molecular function of visual pigments will pave the way for novel strategies to engineer pigments suitable for optogenetics, or to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Summary\nExtracellular matrix, integrins, and Notch collectively regulate a host of normal and pathological\ncellular activities. Evidence emerging from our preliminary studies shows that these cellular\nentities are coordinated into a signaling mechanism that has not been previously observed. The\nimplications of our observation are broad and likely to have deep impacts on our understanding\nof cell interactions within cellular microenvironments as well as cellular behaviors in a range of\nnormal and pathological scenarios. In this renewal application, we investigate the hypothesis\nthat Notch tyrosine phosphorylation regulates angiogenesis. To address this hypothesis, we\nhave proposed two aims that dig deeper into the molecular regulation of Notch activity through\ntyrosine phosphorylation by Src kinase, and to understand how Notch tyrosine phosphorylation\nimpacts angiogenesis and vascular function. Throughout these studies and in the spirit of the\nAREA program, we will engage high school, undergraduate, and graduate students to build\nscientific confidence and teach skills these students will require in order to pursue careers in\nscience. At the conclusion of our studies, we will have accomplished two important milestones\ntowards understanding this novel regulatory mechanism. Specifically, we will have unraveled\nmany molecular details describing how Src controls Notch, and we will have defined the\nimportance of this signaling cascade to vascular biology. Since both Notch and vascular biology\noperate in a wide variety of normal and disease states, our work is highly relevant to the\npromotion of human health.
20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The microbial communities colonizing animals are integral to animal health and development but details \nabout what make these communities functional and stable are lacking. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect \nbacteria) are the numerically dominant members of animal microbiomes and they influence many \nproperties of these communities. Bacteriophages regulate bacterial community composition by predation, \ntransfer genetic material between host genomes, and beneficially stimulate the immune system of animals. \nHowever, our knowledge of bacteriophages is largely restricted to a limited set of lab-adapted strains and \nthus our understanding of their role in animal microbiomes is lacking. Bacteriophages may influence \ndisease through ecological processes by regulating bacterial community composition and abundance or by promoting changes in the virulence of their bacterial hosts. \nThe factors causing microbial composition to change over time are often hard to determine and empirically test because most animal microbiomes are complex and experimental intractable. We propose to utilize an important animal model system, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to determine how ecological and evolutionary forces shape animal microbiomes. To this end, we outline two Aims that will help us \ncharacterize these forces. \nAim 1: Determine how phage resistance evolution is dependent on microbial growth conditions. In this aim \nwe will comprehensively test different parameters of growth than are likely to influence how quickly \nbacteria evolve resistance against bacteriophage infections. We will carefully measure the tempo of \nchange in sets of bacteria and phages growing together. We anticipate identifying how these dynamics are impacted by growth conditions. \nAim 2: Measure the impact of microbial interactions on phage resistance evolution dynamics. In this aim \nwe expand our research to include interacting bacterial species. In most natural conditions that microbes \nlive in they will encounter other bacteria. These interactions likely alter how bacteria respond to and evolveresistance against the bacteriophages that infect them. Our experiments will address this by co-culturing bacteria and again measuring the tempo of evolution in these systems. \nIn both aims we adopt an integrative approach that utilizes mathematic modeling, culturing of bacteria and phages in the lab, and testing their growth in the honey bee gut. In doing so, we benefit from the strengths of each approach and increase the rigor of our results.
21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria use acyl-homoserine lactone mediated quorum sensing to regulate key physiological\nactivities that includes virulence, biofilm formation and toxin production. AHL synthases make AHL\nautoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine metabolites to\nfacilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Therefore, AHL synthase inhibitors hold significant promise as\nantimicrobials in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Designing AHL synthase specific inhibitors,\nhowever, does remain a significant challenge. To develop QS selective inhibitors, we investigate unique\nfunctional aspects of AHL synthases that distinguish them from other enzymes utilizing either acyl-ACP or\nSAM substrates. One such unique aspect of the synthase is it’s ability to selectively bind and react with a\nspecific acyl-ACP substrate thereby enforcing fidelity in AHL signal synthesis. In general, acyl-ACP binding\nto a partner enzyme is a minimal two-step process involving an initial electrostatic docking of ACP acidic\nresidues on to a basic patch in the synthase (protein-protein binding) followed by the translocation of the acyl-\nchain cargo from the ACP to the enzyme’s active site pocket through a process referred to as “chain-flipping”.\nDecoupling the binding from the chain-flipping step was not possible until now due to lack of methods that\ncould independently report on the chain flipping step in ACP utilizing enzyme reactions. To address this\nlimitation, we placed a site-specific fluorescent label on the EsaI AHL synthase, conducted enzyme-ACP\ntitrations in the pre-steady state kinetics regime using a stopped flow fluorometer and determined kon and koff\nfor both fluorescent and non-fluorescent cargo chain flipping from ACP to the EsaI synthase. Building upon\nour preliminary data, we propose two aims in this application to validate a fluorescence based method for\ndetermining chain-flipping rate constants in AHL synthase enzymes. Successful completion of the proposed\nstudies should a) enhance our understanding on the mechanistic basis of substrate recognition in AHL\nsynthases b) aid in development of a fluorescence-based HTS assay for screening AHL synthase inhibitors\nand c) open doors for single molecule enzymological investigations on chain-flipping step in AHL synthesis\nand d) facilitate deployment of this tool to investigate chain-flipping kinetics over a broader range of\nmedicinally important, carrier protein dependent enzymes.\n
22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria use acyl-homoserine lactone mediated quorum sensing to regulate key physiological\nactivities that includes virulence, biofilm formation and toxin production. AHL synthases make AHL\nautoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine metabolites to\nfacilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Therefore, AHL synthase inhibitors hold significant promise as\nantimicrobials in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Designing AHL synthase specific inhibitors,\nhowever, does remain a significant challenge. To develop QS selective inhibitors, we investigate unique\nfunctional aspects of AHL synthases that distinguish them from other enzymes utilizing either acyl-ACP or\nSAM substrates. One such unique aspect of the synthase is it’s ability to selectively bind and react with a\nspecific acyl-ACP substrate thereby enforcing fidelity in AHL signal synthesis. In general, acyl-ACP binding\nto a partner enzyme is a minimal two-step process involving an initial electrostatic docking of ACP acidic\nresidues on to a basic patch in the synthase (protein-protein binding) followed by the translocation of the acyl-\nchain cargo from the ACP to the enzyme’s active site pocket through a process referred to as “chain-flipping”.\nDecoupling the binding from the chain-flipping step was not possible until now due to lack of methods that\ncould independently report on the chain flipping step in ACP utilizing enzyme reactions. To address this\nlimitation, we placed a site-specific fluorescent label on the EsaI AHL synthase, conducted enzyme-ACP\ntitrations in the pre-steady state kinetics regime using a stopped flow fluorometer and determined kon and koff\nfor both fluorescent and non-fluorescent cargo chain flipping from ACP to the EsaI synthase. Building upon\nour preliminary data, we propose two aims in this application to validate a fluorescence based method for\ndetermining chain-flipping rate constants in AHL synthase enzymes. Successful completion of the proposed\nstudies should a) enhance our understanding on the mechanistic basis of substrate recognition in AHL\nsynthases b) aid in development of a fluorescence-based HTS assay for screening AHL synthase inhibitors\nand c) open doors for single molecule enzymological investigations on chain-flipping step in AHL synthesis\nand d) facilitate deployment of this tool to investigate chain-flipping kinetics over a broader range of\nmedicinally important, carrier protein dependent enzymes.\n
23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           More women suffer multiple sclerosis (MS) than men. The female-to-male ratio is 2:1, with some studies \nbroadening it to 3:1. A similar pattern is observed in experimental disease models, although the sex-dependent \nsusceptibility is subjected to the genetic background. Another biological variable that affects the disease \nestablishment and progression is the gut microbiota. Studies from our lab and others showed that the significant \nreduction or complete absence of gut microbiota reduces the severity and progression of experimental \nautoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Reciprocally, disease onset alters the gut microbiota composition and \nincreases intestinal permeability suggesting that the gut-microbiota-brain axis acts bidirectionally. While most \nmicrobiota studies compare the fecal microbial composition, the effects of disease on the microbiota composition \nof the mucosal layer remain unknown. Exploring this knowledge gap is significant because gut microbes \nmodulate the production and integrity of the gut mucus, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction \nexpression in epithelial cells. Since sex-dependent microbiota differences have been described in EAE mice, we \nhypothesize that disease susceptibility in females and males is directly associated with changes in the \nmicrobiota associated with the intestinal mucosal ECM, resulting in increased microbial translocation to \nthe lamina propria, local and systemic inflammation, which subsequently leads to increased \nneuroinflammation and disease severity. We propose evaluating the effects of the sex-dependent EAE \nsusceptibility in the microbiota composition of the gut lumen and ECM, intestinal permeability, systemic and CNS \ninflammation, and the effects of microbiota interventions in the intestinal ECM and disease progression. We will \nuse two different EAE models with different sex-dependent susceptibility: the SJL/J EAE model with only female \nmice being susceptible to the disease and the C57BL/6J model with both females and males susceptible to EAE. \nWe recently showed that the oral treatment with the isoprenoid farnesol, a microbial biofilm regulator protected \nEAE mice against the disease. We now hypothesize that the treatment with farnesol regulates biofilm formation \nin the microbiota-ECM resulting in increased overall intestinal integrity in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice. \nWe propose three specific aims to determine whether the disease in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice \npromotes a microbiota-ECM architecture that contributes to local, systemic, and CNS inflammation and whether \nthe oral treatment with farnesol reverses the effects of disease on microbiota and integrity of the gut epithelium \nand mucosa. The project would extend our understanding of the protective effects of isoprenoids against \nneuroinflammation by directly targeting MS and studying the gut mucosal layer, an extracellular glycoproteinbased \nmatrix.
24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         PROJECT SUMMARY\n Reduced serum levels of the inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are found in\npatients suffering from progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and preliminary evidence suggests that intestinal\nGABA levels are also reduced when compared to healthy individuals. Intestinal bacteria play a role in GABA\nand L-Glutamate, metabolism. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and key regulator of the gastrointestinal\ntract function and Glu is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Several groups of bacteria, including lactic acid\nbacteria synthesize Glu or harbor the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) that catalyzes the synthesis\nof GABA. Because of their role modulating GABA/Glutamate levels, intestinal microbes can be targeted for\nGABAergic, inhibitory, effects. Our preliminary data show that disease, alone, alters the composition of the\nmicrobiota of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, a model to study MS. Among others,\nbacteria taxa grouped as lactic acid bacteria that contain species associated with immunomodulatory roles\nwere reduced in the gut of diseased mice. We propose that the gut microbiota and its impact on systemic and\nneural GABA metabolism are key contributing factors to the clinical transition to the progression of MS. We\nhypothesize that, 1) the heightened immune/inflammatory response observed in patients who have\nexperienced acute inflammatory MS increases intestinal barrier permeability; 2) this disrupts the composition of\nthe microbiome to reduce the number of GABA-producing microbes; 3) Decreases in intestinal and systemic\nGABA concentrations follow, leading to, 4) enhanced immune/inflammatory response in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) and the gut, resulting in additional further imbalances of both microbiota and GABA. In order to\ntest our hypotheses, we propose to determine in the experimental EAE disease (C57BL/6 model induced with\nmyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55, MOG35-55), whether GABA supplementation using a genetically\nengineered probiotic designed to express additional copies of GAD (GAD-L. lactis) will decrease inflammation\nby promoting immunomodulation (Aim 1), reduce intestinal barrier permeability (Aim 2) and ultimately improve\ndisease progression (Aim 3). We anticipate that targeting GABA levels in EAE will reduce the extent of\nintestinal and systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation and will restore the\ncomposition of the intestinal microbiota. We predict that the outcome will be the protection against the\nprogression of the disease, associated with enhanced levels of GABA both intestinal and systemically. Our\nresearch approach targeting the microbiota has not yet been attempted, underscoring the innovation and\nnovelty of our project that could revolutionize therapeutics for MS. Our approach was designed specifically to\noffer undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to contribute on a neuroimmunology project that\nfocuses on the gut/brain axis.
25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria count specific, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) signals in\nthe environment to estimate local population densities, facilitate cell-cell communication and virulence. AHL\nsynthases make AHL autoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP/acyl-CoA and S-adenosyl-L-\nmethionine metabolites to facilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Small molecule inhibitors of AHL\nsynthase enzymes would limit signal synthesis, interrupt quorum sensing and thus hold significant promise\nas chemical tools to investigate QS networks in bacteria. Designing AHL synthase-specific inhibitors, however,\ndoes remain a significant challenge. To develop AHL synthase selective inhibitors, we recently embarked on\na proof-of-concept study to evaluate the potential of AHL signal derivatives as product analog inhibitors of\nPseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI AHL synthase. In this study, we demonstrated that AHL analogs could serve\nas ‘chemical probes’ to uncover novel inhibition and activation binding pockets that could be tapped to develop\npotent AHL synthase-specific modulators. In this grant application, we extend this approach on a broader\nscale to evaluate the utility of AHL analog chemical probes in discovering novel binding pockets, determining\nthe mechanistic basis of AHL synthase modulation, and formulating the rules of AHL engagement in short,\nmedium and long-chain preferring AHL synthases. Additionally, we will determine how the inhibition and\nactivation pockets could be leveraged to develop novel substrates and substrate analog inhibitors of AHL\nsynthases. Successful completion of these studies should inform the rational design of inhibition and activation\npocket directed AHL synthase modulators. Finally, the goals described in this application are tightly aligned\nwith the objectives of AREA program, which are to a) support meritorious research at an undergraduate\nfocused institution, b) strengthen the research environment at the home institution and c) provide opportunity\nfor undergraduate students to get involved in biomedical research. 
26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria count specific, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) signals in\nthe environment to estimate local population densities, facilitate cell-cell communication and virulence. AHL\nsynthases make AHL autoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP/acyl-CoA and S-adenosyl-L-\nmethionine metabolites to facilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Small molecule inhibitors of AHL\nsynthase enzymes would limit signal synthesis, interrupt quorum sensing and thus hold significant promise\nas chemical tools to investigate QS networks in bacteria. Designing AHL synthase-specific inhibitors, however,\ndoes remain a significant challenge. To develop AHL synthase selective inhibitors, we recently embarked on\na proof-of-concept study to evaluate the potential of AHL signal derivatives as product analog inhibitors of\nPseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI AHL synthase. In this study, we demonstrated that AHL analogs could serve\nas ‘chemical probes’ to uncover novel inhibition and activation binding pockets that could be tapped to develop\npotent AHL synthase-specific modulators. In this grant application, we extend this approach on a broader\nscale to evaluate the utility of AHL analog chemical probes in discovering novel binding pockets, determining\nthe mechanistic basis of AHL synthase modulation, and formulating the rules of AHL engagement in short,\nmedium and long-chain preferring AHL synthases. Additionally, we will determine how the inhibition and\nactivation pockets could be leveraged to develop novel substrates and substrate analog inhibitors of AHL\nsynthases. Successful completion of these studies should inform the rational design of inhibition and activation\npocket directed AHL synthase modulators. Finally, the goals described in this application are tightly aligned\nwith the objectives of AREA program, which are to a) support meritorious research at an undergraduate\nfocused institution, b) strengthen the research environment at the home institution and c) provide opportunity\nfor undergraduate students to get involved in biomedical research. 
27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ABSTRACT: Candidate and Environment: The Fuerst Lab will conduct genetic, molecular and morphological\nexperiments related to the Aims of this proposal at the University of Idaho. The Fuerst lab team has extensive\nexpertise centered on the cell biology and genetics of neural development. Fuerst identified Dscams as the first\nmolecules that regulate mosaic organization of neurons and developed many of the genetic reagents for use in\nthese experiments. Here we will build on our foundation of experience studying Dscam genes to probe the\nfunction of downstream signaling networks in neural development. Research Proposal: Developing neurons\nutilize a range of molecular cues to organize into neural tissues and organs. We and others have previously\nreported that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) genes are required for normal development of\nneural tissues. How Dscam genes mediate a wide range of cellular responses even within a single cell type is\nan active area of research. In our preliminary studies we found that overexpression of Dyrk1a, whose product\ninteracts biochemically with DSCAM, phenocopies Dscam loss of function. Further we report a redistribution of\ncellular DYRK1A protein in the Dscam loss of function retina and brain. Based on these observations and the\ngenes’ known antagonistic roles in either promoting or inhibiting developmental cell death, we hypothesize\nthat DSCAM interactions on the cell surface antagonize DYRK1A activity by controlling its subcellular\nlocalization. We test this hypothesis in two specific Aims. Aim 1: Pilot genetic studies indicate that either\ndecreasing Dscam dosage or increasing Dyrk1a dosage results in mistargeting of retinal neuron neurites. A\nsimilar increase in Dyrk1a expression in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse models results in a wild type targeting\nphenotype, however, suggesting a factor or factors in the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) are\ncompensating for Dyrk1a overexpression. First, we will test if increasing Dyrk1a expression in the Ts65Dn\nmouse model above the expression of other DSCR genes is sufficient to restore Dyrk1a overexpression\nneurite targeting defects (Aim 1A). Second, we will test if reducing Dscam expression in Ts65Dn mice to wild\ntype levels restores the Dyrk1a overexpression phenotype (Aim 1B). Aim 2: We will extend our pilot study\ngenerated in retina into the brain at large. We will test if DYRK1A localization is developmentally dynamic in\nthe brain (Aim 2A), if DSCAM regulates DYRK1A localization in the brain (Aim 2B) and if Dscam expression is\nsufficient to modify DYRK1A accumulation or localization in vitro (Aim 2C).\nLong-term goals: Our long-term goal is to understand how events at the cell surface are transduced to\ngenerate different cellular responses. This R03 will facilitate completion and publication of a pilot study, the\nresults of which will inform experiments to understand how regulation of DYRK1A localization impacts its\nfunction in development and disease.\n Significance: Understanding why mutation or overexpression of genes involved in neural development\ncan present with a variety of signs and symptoms in people will require us to also understand the functions of\nthe affected genes with the long-term goal of developing clinical interventions. Here we explore the interaction\nbetween two interacting genes in the Down Syndrome critical region, relevant to studies and treatments\nfocusing on either single gene. Understanding the downstream signaling pathways utilized by surface\nreceptors will be essential to help scientists and clinicians pinpoint strategies to treat human diseases.
28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, so recent efforts have focused on using\nemerging genetic technologies to remediate cardiac and vascular pathologies. These efforts are largely\nbased on a growing number of studies, including our preliminary data, that have observed transgene\ndelivery to cardiac myocytes via intravenous injection of a viral vector. However, to date, there is no\nempirically backed rationale for any mechanism underlying this important finding. My lab has focused\non the prospect of endothelial cell transdifferentiation for many years and accrued evidence that this\nprocess exists in adult mice and may be responsible for the homeostasis of diverse cell types. Our\npreliminary data coupled with our proposed approach will determine whether cardiac myocyte labeling\nis the result of a transdifferentiation event (endothelial cell or otherwise) or the product of extracellular\nvesicle transfer. This work will also confirm whether the source of this labeling is endothelial cells. We\nare also interested in determining the nature of intravenous transgene delivery to other cell types, which\ncould yield information about the localization of endothelial cell transdifferentiation to discrete niches.\nThe existence of such niches could have important implications for enhancing the vascular pathology\nof those regions. This work will be undertaken using separate state-of-the-art cell lineage tracing\nstrategies that encompass virus, protein, and cell-based methods. The answers provided by this study\nwill help guide efforts for cardiac genetic therapy, advance our understanding of endothelial cell biology,\nand provide potentially new insights into cardiovascular disease.
29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary/Abstract\nSevere malaria induces changes in circulating blood levels of the biogenic amines histamine and serotonin\n(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and these changes are associated with human disease pathology. Histamine and\n5-HT are also important neuromodulators in insects, including mosquitoes. Our overarching hypothesis is\nthat histamine and 5-HT, ingested in blood by feeding mosquitoes, signal through anopheline biogenic amine\nreceptors and alter endogenous biogenic amine levels, life history traits, behavior and mosquito infection\nsuccess to amplify malaria parasite transmission. These studies are innovative in that they connect novel\nmosquito biology to clinical observations in malaria, they focus on mosquito ingestion of biogenic amines at\nphysiological levels detected in blood and they will define previously unexplored anopheline gut-brain axes for\nhistaminergic and serotonergic signaling. We will address our overarching hypothesis with three Specific Aims.\nIn Aim 1, we will define and model the scope of effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in\ncombination at concentrations that reflect malaria-associated and healthy blood levels, on An. stephensi\ninfection success with Plasmodium falciparum and with the mouse parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL.\nWe will also examine the effects of these treatments on the tendency to take a second bloodmeal,\nthermotolerance, fecundity, clutch size and lifespan. In Aim 2, we will use antennal and retinal recordings and\nbehavioral bioassays to define the effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in combination, on visual\nand olfactory physiology in An. stephensi. In Aim 3, we will quantify endogenous histamine and 5-HT in An.\nstephensi and map associated histaminergic and serotonergic gut-to-brain signaling networks. We will also\nidentify and model effects of ingested biogenic amines on levels of endogenous biogenic amines and use\nhistamine and 5-HT receptor antagonists to interrupt signaling control of malaria parasite infection, tendency to\ntake a second bloodmeal and reproduction in An. stephensi. With completion of these studies, we will establish\nthat biogenic amine concentrations associated with severe malaria and ingested by feeding mosquitoes can\nalter mosquito physiology and biology in patterns that would be predicted to favor parasite transmission. Such\nknowledge can be used in the future to connect transmission control to clinical interventions (e.g., to reduce\nelevated histamine and reverse declines in 5-HT to mitigate human malarial disease) and for future\ndevelopment of novel lures to manipulate biogenic amine signaling in vector mosquitoes.
30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary/Abstract\nSevere malaria induces changes in circulating blood levels of the biogenic amines histamine and serotonin\n(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and these changes are associated with human disease pathology. Histamine and\n5-HT are also important neuromodulators in insects, including mosquitoes. Our overarching hypothesis is\nthat histamine and 5-HT, ingested in blood by feeding mosquitoes, signal through anopheline biogenic amine\nreceptors and alter endogenous biogenic amine levels, life history traits, behavior and mosquito infection\nsuccess to amplify malaria parasite transmission. These studies are innovative in that they connect novel\nmosquito biology to clinical observations in malaria, they focus on mosquito ingestion of biogenic amines at\nphysiological levels detected in blood and they will define previously unexplored anopheline gut-brain axes for\nhistaminergic and serotonergic signaling. We will address our overarching hypothesis with three Specific Aims.\nIn Aim 1, we will define and model the scope of effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in\ncombination at concentrations that reflect malaria-associated and healthy blood levels, on An. stephensi\ninfection success with Plasmodium falciparum and with the mouse parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL.\nWe will also examine the effects of these treatments on the tendency to take a second bloodmeal,\nthermotolerance, fecundity, clutch size and lifespan. In Aim 2, we will use antennal and retinal recordings and\nbehavioral bioassays to define the effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in combination, on visual\nand olfactory physiology in An. stephensi. In Aim 3, we will quantify endogenous histamine and 5-HT in An.\nstephensi and map associated histaminergic and serotonergic gut-to-brain signaling networks. We will also\nidentify and model effects of ingested biogenic amines on levels of endogenous biogenic amines and use\nhistamine and 5-HT receptor antagonists to interrupt signaling control of malaria parasite infection, tendency to\ntake a second bloodmeal and reproduction in An. stephensi. With completion of these studies, we will establish\nthat biogenic amine concentrations associated with severe malaria and ingested by feeding mosquitoes can\nalter mosquito physiology and biology in patterns that would be predicted to favor parasite transmission. Such\nknowledge can be used in the future to connect transmission control to clinical interventions (e.g., to reduce\nelevated histamine and reverse declines in 5-HT to mitigate human malarial disease) and for future\ndevelopment of novel lures to manipulate biogenic amine signaling in vector mosquitoes.
31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary\nThe goal of this proposal is to acquire a Zeiss Axio Observer 7 Live Cell Imaging system which will be coupled\nwith available custom-made and commercial bioreactor systems that will enable biomedical research focused\non deformation microscopy, mechano-adaptation and cell tracking approaches for researchers at Boise State as\nwell as neighboring and collaborator institutions. Led by NIH initiatives Center of Biomedical Research\nExcellence (COBRE) at Matrix Biology and Idaho Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) there\nwas a rapid growth of biomedical research focused at biomechanics and mechanobiology in Boise State. These\nefforts are further supported by both new PhD programs like Biomedical Engineering and by established PhD\nprograms such Materials Engineering and Biomolecular Sciences that seen increased Bioengineering focus over\nthe years. Despite this growth, there is only one confocal microscope to serve all the researchers in Boise State.\nThis not only bottlenecks the use of confocal system which is better suited for 3D applications, but also limits\nmechanistic approaches to study how extracellular cues regulate function of living cells. The Axio Observer 7\nwith mechanobiology apabilities is a critical instrument for a diverse and growing number of biomedical\nresearchers at Boise State University. These researchers include biomedical engineers, biomechanists, and\nbiologists from three colleges: College of Engineering, College of Health Sciences, and College of Arts and\nSciences. A unifying theme of this group’s research is the investigation of mechanically active musculoskeletal\nsystems and materials in normal, diseased, and treated states. With strategic investments by Boise State\nUniversity, this group has rapidly grown in the last 10 years (7 new faculty, 5 new labs), creating a critical mass\nof complementary expertise that is positioned to collaborate on transformative and synergistic orthopaedic and\nmusculoskeletal research. Yet achieving this potential requires the acquisition of state-of-the-art equipment to\ninvestigate the physiological and pathophysiological processes from molecular to tissue scales. Our ability to link\nthis structural hierarchy is currently limited by the absence of a system that can apply physiologically relevant\nforces with a capability to observe molecular and mechanical consequences. As a result, biomedical faculty at\nBoise State University are poorly equipped to transition from discoveries in basic science to innovations with\ndirect clinical application related to musculoskeletal health. Therefore there is a clear benefit of this live-cell\nimaging and mechanosignaling capabilities offered by this microscope system. The acquisition of the Axio\nObserver 7 with mechanobiology capabilities will correct this deficiency and will not only benefit NIH funded\ncurrent project but also spur the initiation of many impactful projects with high funding potential.
32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROGRAM SUMMARY\nThe Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program is an enduring undergraduate\nresearch program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR) students from the College\nof Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise State University (BSU)\nand their successful graduation. The SWID B2B program was originally developed using a previous NIH R25\nfunding mechanism and will be entering its second five-year span under the T34 mechanism. Based on statistics\nfrom our institutional self-assessments, the SWID B2B program has the long-term goal of increasing the number\nof individuals from UR groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences. The short-term\ngoals of this T34-funded B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students that\ntransfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR biomedical\nscience transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In steady state,\nthis program will serve hundreds of students per year and include annual B2B cohorts of 10 UR students. To\naccomplish our goals, we request funding for the following five specific aims. Aim 1. Recruit and select\nprogram participants. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students with strong potential interests in\nfutures that include biomedical research and to Select UR students (in cohorts of 10 per year) into the B2B\nprogram. Aim 2. Advise and prepare student trainees. The object of this aim is to Advise CWI students early\nand continuously through program ambassadors and to Prepare students for a research experience by offering\nB2B-enhanced courses at CWI and providing peer mentoring. Aim 3. Immerse and include student trainees.\nThe objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a biomedical research experience with a\nfaculty mentor during the summer before they transfer to the university campus and to Include students in the\neveryday activities associated with biomedical research. Aim 4. Equip and support student trainees. The\nobjective of this aim is to Equip students as they move through their degree program at BSU by providing an\nacademic-year research experience and a professional development course, as well as to Support students for\nsuccess by providing them continued scientific mentorship and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. Aim 5. Continually engage and launch program participants. The objective of this aim is to\nContinually Engage students as they leave SWID B2B and move through their degree program at BSU by\nencouraging all students to continue their research in their mentor’s lab, enroll in a senior level seminar course,\nand when appropriate, apply for additional summer fellowships. Studies have demonstrated that undergraduate\nresearch experiences like the B2B program have an important positive impact on UR groups, and we expect that\nour SWID B2B program will have enduring effects, transform the lives of UR students, and improve their success\nas they move forward into biomedical careers.
33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROGRAM SUMMARY\nThe Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program is an enduring undergraduate\nresearch program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR) students from the College\nof Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise State University (BSU)\nand their successful graduation. The SWID B2B program was originally developed using a previous NIH R25\nfunding mechanism and will be entering its second five-year span under the T34 mechanism. Based on statistics\nfrom our institutional self-assessments, the SWID B2B program has the long-term goal of increasing the number\nof individuals from UR groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences. The short-term\ngoals of this T34-funded B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students that\ntransfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR biomedical\nscience transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In steady state,\nthis program will serve hundreds of students per year and include annual B2B cohorts of 10 UR students. To\naccomplish our goals, we request funding for the following five specific aims. Aim 1. Recruit and select\nprogram participants. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students with strong potential interests in\nfutures that include biomedical research and to Select UR students (in cohorts of 10 per year) into the B2B\nprogram. Aim 2. Advise and prepare student trainees. The object of this aim is to Advise CWI students early\nand continuously through program ambassadors and to Prepare students for a research experience by offering\nB2B-enhanced courses at CWI and providing peer mentoring. Aim 3. Immerse and include student trainees.\nThe objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a biomedical research experience with a\nfaculty mentor during the summer before they transfer to the university campus and to Include students in the\neveryday activities associated with biomedical research. Aim 4. Equip and support student trainees. The\nobjective of this aim is to Equip students as they move through their degree program at BSU by providing an\nacademic-year research experience and a professional development course, as well as to Support students for\nsuccess by providing them continued scientific mentorship and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. Aim 5. Continually engage and launch program participants. The objective of this aim is to\nContinually Engage students as they leave SWID B2B and move through their degree program at BSU by\nencouraging all students to continue their research in their mentor’s lab, enroll in a senior level seminar course,\nand when appropriate, apply for additional summer fellowships. Studies have demonstrated that undergraduate\nresearch experiences like the B2B program have an important positive impact on UR groups, and we expect that\nour SWID B2B program will have enduring effects, transform the lives of UR students, and improve their success\nas they move forward into biomedical careers.
34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hydrogels incorporating silk protein primed with bioactive peptides have been successfully used \nto study the cellular processes underlying differentiation of skeletal muscle. However, previous \nsystems were limited due to their static nature – their mechanical properties are fixed. Recently, \nwe demonstrated a new silk hydrogel crosslinked with tyramine-substituted silk fibroin that \nstiffened over time at controllable rates. The programmable stiffness of these hydrogels makes \nthem attractive for modeling the changes in tissue-level stiffness that are associated with \nmusculoskeletal development, or following injury. We will modify these hydrogels to incorporate \ndecellularized muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), obtained through a recently established \ndecellularization protocol. Our preliminary data suggest coupling ECM to our silk matrices can \nbe used to further fine-tune the stiffening, enabling highly controllable and distinct mechanical \nand matrix protein gradients within the same gel, by spatially varying the amount and type of \nECM mixed in with the silk precursors. A silk-ECM hydrogel has not previously been developed. \nOur central hypothesis is that dynamically stiffening hydrogels with highly tunable mechanical \nand biochemical characteristics can recapitulate key aspects of the myogenic environment more \neffectively than existing engineered systems, and as a result, will improve our understanding of \nthe process to enable better control of the therapeutic potential of myogenically differentiating \niPSCs for regenerating skeletal muscle. We will develop hydrogels as novel in vitro systems to \nexplore the impacts of dynamic stiffness on myogenesis of iPSCs. We will test our hypothesis \nusing two specific aims. The first aim will be to determine how evolving stiffness in 3D hydrogels \nimpacts iPSC myogenesis. The second aim will be to develop a biochemically functionalized \nand mechanically dynamic silk-ECM hydrogel for generation of skeletal muscle from iPSCs. \nCompletion of these aims will enhance our understanding of the regulators of skeletal muscle \ndevelopment and the impact of dynamic substrate stiffness and matrix composition on stem cell \ndifferentiation, with the ultimate goal of therapeutically targeting these mechanisms to \nregenerate skeletal muscle using stem cells. 3D hydrogels can be further used to investigate \nthe processes that regulate development, aging, injury, and disease of skeletal muscle.
35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThis project will synthesize and study small molecules inhibitors (SMIs) that bind to and inhibit signaling of the\ninflammatory cytokine, oncostatin M (OSM) as part of a long-term program to generate an FDA-approved drug\nfor early protection against breast tumor metastasis and other OSM-associated diseases. In 2021, more than\n281,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in the United States. The five-year\nsurvival rate is 99% for patients diagnosed with localized disease but drops to 27% for those with distant\nmetastases, underscoring a need for therapeutics that protect against the early stages of metastasis, when\nintervention could be most beneficial. Relevant to this proposal, OSM signaling promotes many metastatic-\nrelated events, including an epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumor cell detachment, migration, and\ninvasion. Importantly, OSM signaling is associated with a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients.\nBreast cancer patients with high levels of tumor tissue OSM correlated with a significant decrease in survival\ncompared to those with low OSM levels. It was also determined that serum concentrations of OSM from both\nnon-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer patients was significantly higher than levels in serum from healthy\nindividuals (3.8-fold and 4.9-fold, respectively). For this proposal, preliminary experiments used a high\nthroughput computational screen of ~1.65 million compounds for binding to OSM. Those compounds with the\nbest predicted binding properties were tested for in vitro inhibition of OSM signaling. Two SMIs were identified\nas lead compounds for this proposal. The central hypothesis guiding the proposed experiments is that\nstructural optimization based on lead SMIs, facilitated by knowledge of important binding interactions,\nwill result in enhanced inhibition of OSM signaling. To test the hypothesis, two specific aims are proposed:\n1) Design and synthesize a focused library of small molecule inhibitors of OSM based on the SMI-10 and SMI-\n26 scaffolds and 2) Identify optimal lead SMIs that suppress OSM signaling in cells and display minimal cellular\ntoxicity. In Aim 1, the NMR solution structure of an SMI/OSM complex will be solved and then combined with\ncomputational modeling to develop a structure-activity model that will be used to design and synthesize new\nSMIs. In Aim 2, SMIs will be prioritized based on high binding affinity, high in vitro inhibition of OSM-mediated\nsignaling pathways in several breast cancer cell lines, and low cellular toxicity. The end goal of the project is to\nidentify new compounds with nanomolar binding affinity to OSM and improved inhibitory activity. The proposed\nresearch will assist in fulfilling the critical need to develop novel treatments for metastatic breast cancer—often\ndescribed as an “incurable” disease. Since OSM has been linked to other cancers and inflammatory-related\ndiseases (e.g., sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis), this research lays the groundwork for a new class\nof anti-inflammatory drugs.
36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT SUMMARY\nDense connective tissue is composed of an abundant collagen network that is maintained and repaired by\nfibroblasts. The parent R15 proposal is investigating whether fibroblast-mediated collagen remodeling is\ngoverned at the tissue-scale by distortion strain energy. The effect of targeted magnitudes of distortion energy\non collagen remodeling will be measured by quantifying alterations in the composition, organization, and\nmechanical behavior of the scaffolds. In order to quantify changes in fiber organization from confocal\nmicroscopy images, a software application called FiberFit is being used to automate the objective measurement\nof two structural properties that describe material anisotropy: fiber orientation and fiber dispersion. The\nstandalone software application, FiberFit, was developed in the Northwest Tissue Mechanics laboratory in 2016\nand is freely available to the scientific community for Windows and Mac systems. FiberFit has now been used\nin many research projects outside the developing laboratory, including research on tumors, liver, muscle, and\nengineered composite materials. This project will re-engineer FiberFit and deploy it as a cloud-based\napplication. Emphasis will be placed on creating a robust, intuitive, and sustainable software application that\nimplements best practices in software engineering and design to facilitate broad adoption across the scientific\ncommunity.
37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary/Abstract\nSurface contamination by Coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2, and other pathogenic viruses and bacteria pose significant risks\nfor the spread of disease in medical facilities. This increases hospital labor costs for staff to constantly clean surfaces with\ndisinfectants to slow the spread of disease. Infectious hosts can shed SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens that deposit on\nsolid surfaces and transmit disease to new hosts. This persistent transmission is exemplified by Coronaviruses, as they can\npersist on surfaces for hours or days and remain infectious through casual physical contact. Among bacterial pathogens,\nmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile (CDif, and many others) are known to spread\nthrough contact with surfaces contaminated by cells or spores shed from infected hosts. While physical or chemical surface\ntreatments, such as topical antiseptics and air-filtration, can mitigate transmission, these treatments are not always practical\nor compatible with the physical or chemical makeup of the treated surface. These treatments also consume vast quantities\nof gloves, wipes, disinfectant chemicals, and time. An approach that reduces material consumption, while still compatible\nwith use around people, is required for hospitals and other clinical settings. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) has\nbeen studied for its ability to inactivate bacterial pathogens on surfaces, but seldom examined for anti-viral effects. Further,\na clear implementation path for the treatment of large surface areas found in medical facilities has yet to be established. This\nproposed research provides an engineering driven approach to transition CAP systems from laboratory settings to more\nrealistic applications in medical environments. The approach is supported by Specific Aim 1: Construct CAP-Arrays that\ndemonstrate rapid inactivation of Coronavirus and other microbial pathogen surface contaminants, and by Specific\nAim 2: Fully integrate a CAP-Array into a robotic system and demonstrate rapid inactivation of Coronavirus and\nother pathogens over large areas and varieties of surfaces. This project will develop a large CAP-Array (10 cm x 10 cm)\ndeployed on a semiautonomous robotic system to enable rapid, cost-effective plasma treatment of large surface areas,\nwithout the need for chemicals and with little risk to personnel. The CAP-Array will be tested on a variety of real-world\nrelevant surfaces, such as linoleum tile, painted drywall, and formica tabletops, for its ability to inactivate viruses such as\nhuman and animal Coronaviruses (H229E, MHV) that provide good models for activity against SARS-CoV-2, and against\nrepresentative bacterial pathogens such as MRSA. The objectives of this proposal are to (1) demonstrate that CAP-\nArray treatment can cause a 3-log reduction in pathogen viability in <5 s over a 100 cm2 area without scanning and\nthen (2) demonstrate that the CAP-Array-Robot system can be deployed to treat a 2500 cm2 surface in <125 s and\ncause a 3-log reduction in pathogen viability. A workforce of engineering and biological science graduate and\nundergraduate students will develop and test the CAP-Arrays, prepare viral and bacterial pathogen samples, and measure\npathogen viability after plasma treatment. The success of this project will lead to a new paradigm for robotic sanitizing\nequipment useful in decontaminating surfaces in healthcare and other settings.
38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Project Summary/Abstract:\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They are reliant on a de-\nvelopmental cycle consisting of three cell forms termed the reticulate body (RB), the intermediate body (IB) and\nthe elementary body (EB). The EB is infectious but does not replicate. The RB replicates in the host cell but is\nnon-infectious, while the IB is an intermediate form that transitions to the EB form. Completion of this develop-\nmental cycle is central to chlamydial pathogenesis. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia contains the\ncausative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic infections result-\ning in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease and is linked to\natherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading cause of pre-\nventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective of the result-\ning disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and developmental cycle.\nThe chlamydial developmental cycle reacts to environmental stresses by exiting the developmental cycle and\nforming “aberrant” cell forms and delaying the production of infectious EBs. These cell forms can then reenter\nthe productive developmental cycle when the environmental stress is lifted. It is hypothesized that this re-\nsponse to stress conditions contributes to the clinical observation that chlamydial infections are often chronic or\nreoccur in a significant number of diagnosed cases. We have developed a live-cell reporter system to follow\ncell-type switching in real time at the single inclusion level and determined that Chlamydia’s response to stress\nconditions such as peptidoglycan inhibitors or nutrient stress differs between treatments and over time. Treat-\nment with peptidoglycan inhibitors results in a block in RB to IB development creating aberrant polyploid RBs.\nThese aberrant cells express the RB reporter for ~ 10 hours prior to expressing the IB reporter but never ex-\npress EB reporters or gain infectivity. Nutrient stress such as tryptophan and iron starvation are also reported\nto cause Chlamydia to exit the productive developmental cycle and form “aberrant” RBs. Our live cell data\nsuggests that these cells do not exhibit the same phenotype as those treated with peptidoglycan inhibitors.\nTherefore Aim 1 will Determine the phenotype and gene expression profile of aberrant RBs that reacti-\nvate to produce infectious EBs. IB to EB development is a slow process taking ~10 hours until maximal EB\nreporter gene expression. We therefore hypothesize that the IB may respond to nutrient stress by halting de-\nvelopment until the nutrient stress is resolved. The IB then could reenter the developmental state producing\ninfectious progeny. Therefore Aim 2 will Determine the contribution of the IB to EB transition in persis-\ntence.
39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Project Summary/Abstract:\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They are reliant on a de-\nvelopmental cycle consisting of three cell forms termed the reticulate body (RB), the intermediate body (IB) and\nthe elementary body (EB). The EB is infectious but does not replicate. The RB replicates in the host cell but is\nnon-infectious, while the IB is an intermediate form that transitions to the EB form. Completion of this develop-\nmental cycle is central to chlamydial pathogenesis. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia contains the\ncausative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic infections result-\ning in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease and is linked to\natherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading cause of pre-\nventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective of the result-\ning disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and developmental cycle.\nThe chlamydial developmental cycle reacts to environmental stresses by exiting the developmental cycle and\nforming “aberrant” cell forms and delaying the production of infectious EBs. These cell forms can then reenter\nthe productive developmental cycle when the environmental stress is lifted. It is hypothesized that this re-\nsponse to stress conditions contributes to the clinical observation that chlamydial infections are often chronic or\nreoccur in a significant number of diagnosed cases. We have developed a live-cell reporter system to follow\ncell-type switching in real time at the single inclusion level and determined that Chlamydia’s response to stress\nconditions such as peptidoglycan inhibitors or nutrient stress differs between treatments and over time. Treat-\nment with peptidoglycan inhibitors results in a block in RB to IB development creating aberrant polyploid RBs.\nThese aberrant cells express the RB reporter for ~ 10 hours prior to expressing the IB reporter but never ex-\npress EB reporters or gain infectivity. Nutrient stress such as tryptophan and iron starvation are also reported\nto cause Chlamydia to exit the productive developmental cycle and form “aberrant” RBs. Our live cell data\nsuggests that these cells do not exhibit the same phenotype as those treated with peptidoglycan inhibitors.\nTherefore Aim 1 will Determine the phenotype and gene expression profile of aberrant RBs that reacti-\nvate to produce infectious EBs. IB to EB development is a slow process taking ~10 hours until maximal EB\nreporter gene expression. We therefore hypothesize that the IB may respond to nutrient stress by halting de-\nvelopment until the nutrient stress is resolved. The IB then could reenter the developmental state producing\ninfectious progeny. Therefore Aim 2 will Determine the contribution of the IB to EB transition in persis-\ntence.
40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Summary\nCollagen synthesis and homeostasis are integral to the proper function and repair of all tissues. Dysregulation\nof collagen production is a hallmark of pathological fibrosis, which can affect any organ that contains collagen\n(including the liver, lung, kidney, heart, skin, and intestine). The long-term goal is to understand the\nmechanisms of translation regulation within the cell that produce collagen and thereby enable rational design\nof novel drugs to treat fibrotic diseases. The proposed work will identify how the 5’ untranslated region of\ncollagen type I messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates synthesis of the collagen protein through interactions with\nthe RNA-binding protein LARP6. Our central hypothesis is that LARP6 remodels a critical secondary structural\nelement in this region, a bulged stem-loop (termed “5’SL”), to increase the accessibility of the protein coding\nsequence start codon to the cellular translation machinery. Our rationale is that specific and ordered\ninteractions between the 5’ untranslated region of the collagen a1(I) mRNA and LARP6 and are critical to\nregulation of collagen synthesis. We will test this central hypothesis through the following specific aims: 1)\ndetermine how structures of the 5’SL of collagen a1(I) and a2(I) contribute to thermodynamics of LARP6\nbinding affinity and 2) define how strand annealing and dissociation kinetics of the collagen 5’SL by LARP6\nchaperone activity modulates translation. In the first aim, we will determine the high-resolution structures of the\ncollagen a1(I) and a2(I) 5’SLs, characterize enthalpic and entropic contributions to LARP6 binding, and\ndetermine the electrostatic and non-electrostatic contributions to binding energy. In the second aim, we will\ncharacterize how LARP6 affects RNA strand annealing and dissociation kinetics of the wildtype 5’SLs as well\nas mutants that alter the sequence and predicted structure of the internal bulge. The current understanding of\nLARP6-mediated collagen type I expression has almost exclusively focused on the protein. This proposed\nproject will be significant as it will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the mechanism by identifying how\nthe structure and thermodynamics of the primary molecular target, the 5’UTR of collagen mRNAs, contributes\nto protein binding, start codon accessibility, and subsequent regulation of collagen type I protein expression.\nFinally, the goals described in this application are tightly aligned with the objectives of the AREA program,\nwhich are to 1) support meritorious research at an undergraduate focused institution, 2) strengthen the\nresearch environment at the home institution, and 3) provide opportunities for undergraduate students to be\nengaged in biomedical research.
41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary\nCollagen synthesis and homeostasis are integral to the proper function and repair of all tissues. Dysregulation\nof collagen production is a hallmark of pathological fibrosis, which can affect any organ that contains collagen\n(including the liver, lung, kidney, heart, skin, and intestine). The long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms\nwithin the cell that produce collagen and thereby enable rational design of novel drugs to treat fibrotic diseases.\nThe proposed work will identify how the 5’ untranslated region of collagen type I messenger RNA (mRNA)\nregulates synthesis of the collagen protein through interactions with the RNA-binding protein LARP6. Our central\nhypothesis is that LARP6 remodels a critical secondary structural element in this region, a bulged stem-loop\n(termed “5’SL”), to increase the accessibility of the protein coding sequence start codon to the cellular translation\nmachinery. Our rationale is that specific and ordered interactions between the 5’ untranslated region of the\ncollagen α1(I) mRNA and LARP6 and are critical to regulation of collagen synthesis. We will test this central\nhypothesis through the following specific aims: 1) Determine how structures of the 5’SL of collagen α1(I) and\nα2(I) contribute to thermodynamics of LARP6 binding affinity and 2) Define how strand annealing and\ndissociation kinetics of the collagen 5’SL by LARP6 chaperone activity modulates translation. In the first aim, we\nwill use solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the high-resolution structures of\nthe collagen α1(I) and α2(I) 5’SLs. We will characterize enthalpic and entropic contributions to LARP6 binding\nand conduct a molecular thermodynamic analysis of ion effects using isothermal titration calorimetry. In the\nsecond aim, we will characterize how LARP6 affects the RNA strand annealing and dissociation kinetics of the\nwildtype 5’SLs as well as mutants that alter the sequence and structure of the predicted internal bulge. We will\nalso develop a luciferase-based translation reporter system to characterize effects of mutations and LARP6\nchaperone activity on translation initiation. The field’s understanding of LARP6-mediated collagen type I\nexpression has almost exclusively focused on the protein. This proposed project will be significant as it will fill a\ncritical gap in our understanding of the mechanism by identifying how the structure and thermodynamics of the\nprimary molecular target, the 5’UTR of collagen mRNAs, contributes to protein binding, start codon accessibility,\nand subsequent upregulation of collagen type I production.
42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Summary\n This project fills a major methods gap that prevents investigators from designing studies with accurate esti-\nmates of required sample size for multilevel behavioral health implementation studies. Implementation science\nis essential to achieving NIMH’s mission. An essential step in designing implementation studies is to conduct a\nstatistical power analysis to determine the minimum sample size required to statistically detect effects of interest.\nPower analyses for implementation research are more complicated because they need to account for (a) patients\nnested within providers who are nested within organizations or other systems, and (b) scientific aims that typically\nfocus on testing (or at a minimum accounting for) cross-level effects of higher-level (e.g., organization, clinician)\nimplementation determinants or strategies on lower-level (e.g., patient) outcomes. While multilevel power anal-\nysis tools are available to accommodate these types of nested studies, the tools require investigators to have\nprior estimates of three key design parameters to determine the proper sample size for their study —intraclass\ncorrelation coefficient (ICC), effect size, and proportion of variance explained by covariates—which are not rou-\ntinely available from the published literature and cannot be reliably estimated from small pilot studies. Power\nanalyses that use inaccurate estimates of these design parameters are highly likely to be either underpowered,\nand consequently at-risk of not detecting important effects, or over-powered, and consequently wasteful of lim-\nited resources. Lack of reference values for these parameters is a foundational barrier to the field because even\nsmall changes in design parameters can dramatically alter the effective sample size from N=300 to N=50.\n NIMH has funded a large number of implementation studies during the last 10 years (N=140) which provides\nan opportunity for us to re-access the datasets from these projects to generate accurate estimates of multilevel\ndesign parameters for behavioral health implementation studies. We will use NIH-RePorter to identify all NIMH-\nfunded behavioral health implementation studies conducted during the last 10 years and collaborate with PIs to\nextract design parameters for targeted implementation and clinical outcomes, which we will summarize and pub-\nlish for the field. We will also generate a predictive model that enables PIs to estimate design parameters tailored\nto the characteristics of their new studies. Building on our preliminary work within the Penn NIMH ALACRITY\nCenter, this project will (1) generate pooled estimates and ranges of design parameters (i.e., ICCs, effect sizes,\ncovariate R2) needed to accurately estimate sample size in multilevel behavioral health implementation studies,\nand (2) identify the study characteristics that predict the magnitude of these design parameters. Completion of\nthis work will remove a ubiquitous methodological barrier that undermines the advancement of implementation\nscience in behavioral health. The study will contribute to higher quality, more replicable science, more efficient\nuse of NIMH resources, and higher impact implementation research to improve healthcare quality and well-being\nfor millions of individuals who experience psychiatric disorders each year.
43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Summary\n This project fills a major methods gap that prevents investigators from designing studies with accurate esti-\nmates of required sample size for multilevel behavioral health implementation studies. Implementation science\nis essential to achieving NIMH’s mission. An essential step in designing implementation studies is to conduct a\nstatistical power analysis to determine the minimum sample size required to statistically detect effects of interest.\nPower analyses for implementation research are more complicated because they need to account for (a) patients\nnested within providers who are nested within organizations or other systems, and (b) scientific aims that typically\nfocus on testing (or at a minimum accounting for) cross-level effects of higher-level (e.g., organization, clinician)\nimplementation determinants or strategies on lower-level (e.g., patient) outcomes. While multilevel power anal-\nysis tools are available to accommodate these types of nested studies, the tools require investigators to have\nprior estimates of three key design parameters to determine the proper sample size for their study —intraclass\ncorrelation coefficient (ICC), effect size, and proportion of variance explained by covariates—which are not rou-\ntinely available from the published literature and cannot be reliably estimated from small pilot studies. Power\nanalyses that use inaccurate estimates of these design parameters are highly likely to be either underpowered,\nand consequently at-risk of not detecting important effects, or over-powered, and consequently wasteful of lim-\nited resources. Lack of reference values for these parameters is a foundational barrier to the field because even\nsmall changes in design parameters can dramatically alter the effective sample size from N=300 to N=50.\n NIMH has funded a large number of implementation studies during the last 10 years (N=140) which provides\nan opportunity for us to re-access the datasets from these projects to generate accurate estimates of multilevel\ndesign parameters for behavioral health implementation studies. We will use NIH-RePorter to identify all NIMH-\nfunded behavioral health implementation studies conducted during the last 10 years and collaborate with PIs to\nextract design parameters for targeted implementation and clinical outcomes, which we will summarize and pub-\nlish for the field. We will also generate a predictive model that enables PIs to estimate design parameters tailored\nto the characteristics of their new studies. Building on our preliminary work within the Penn NIMH ALACRITY\nCenter, this project will (1) generate pooled estimates and ranges of design parameters (i.e., ICCs, effect sizes,\ncovariate R2) needed to accurately estimate sample size in multilevel behavioral health implementation studies,\nand (2) identify the study characteristics that predict the magnitude of these design parameters. Completion of\nthis work will remove a ubiquitous methodological barrier that undermines the advancement of implementation\nscience in behavioral health. The study will contribute to higher quality, more replicable science, more efficient\nuse of NIMH resources, and higher impact implementation research to improve healthcare quality and well-being\nfor millions of individuals who experience psychiatric disorders each year.
44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT SUMMARY\nDespite new drugs and improved detection methods, the five-year survival rate for female breast cancer patients\nwith distant metastases lingers at a dismal 27%. This is in part due to a critical lack of therapeutics specifically\ntargeting triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) progesterone receptor-\nnegative (PR-) and HER2-negative (HER2-). This negative receptor status eliminates many therapeutic options\nthat exist for ER+ PR+ HER2+ patients. Our long-term goal is to provide preventative and therapeutic treatment\noptions for patients with metastatic breast cancer by identifying novel targeted interventions against the\nOSM/OSM receptor (OSMR) axis. The goal of this proposal determine how ER status contributes to OSM-\ninduced IL-6 and OSM-promoted breast tumor invasion and metastasis. OSM is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family\ncytokine important in inflammation, which is produced by activated T-cells, monocytes/macrophages,\nneutrophils, and human breast cancer cells. Our published data demonstrates that OSM induces osteolytic bone\nmetastases in vivo, implicating OSM as an important factor in the localized bone metastatic microenvironment.\nPublished data from our lab and others show that OSM promotes an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor\ncell detachment, and an invasive phenotype in vitro, suggesting that this cytokine may be a critical factor driving\nbreast cancer invasion and tumor cell dissemination. We have recently shown that OSM increases circulating\ntumor cell (CTC) numbers and metastases to lung in vivo, consistent with a more general role for OSM in\nmetastasis. For this proposal, we hypothesize that OSM-induced IL-6 expression is dependent on a\nnegative estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status and that the presence of ERα will decrease OSM-driven\nbreast cancer metastasis. To test our hypothesis, we propose two specific aims: 1) Determine the mechanisms\nby which ERα represses OSM-induced IL-6 expression, and 2) Analyze OSM and OSM-induced IL-6 and\nmetastatic potential in ER+ and ER- breast cancer models. In the first aim, OSM-induced IL-6 production will be\ninvestigated in both parental and genetically modified ER+ and ER- human breast tumor cells, and the\nmechanisms by which ER represses OSM-induced IL-6 production will be investigated. In the second aim,\ngenetically manipulated ER+ and ER- breast tumor mouse models will be studied with the presence or absence\nof OSM and Siltuximab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6. Together, these studies will both clarify\nthe complex association between OSM-induced IL-6 and ER status as well as help define the patent population\nthat will most benefit from anti-OSM therapeutics.
47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Specific vertebrate cone opsins with distinct peak spectral sensitivities are expressed in\nseparate cone populations, which provide differential input to downstream neurons. This\ninformation is interpreted as color. In humans, the opsins that sense red and green light\n(LWS/MWS) are encoded by an array of tandemly replicated genes sharing a single locus\ncontrol region (L/M array). Defects in this array result in color blindness and more severe cone\ndegenerative disorders. Zebrafish possess an orthologous tandemly replicated long wavelength-\nsensitive array (lws array, red-sensing). The process by which tandemly replicated opsins are\ndifferentially regulated is poorly understood, and filling this knowledge gap would allow the\nvision science community to develop treatments for disorders related to defects in the L/M array,\nas well as establish conditions for differentiating human cones in vitro for cell replacement\ntherapies that permit high acuity color vision. The prevalent model for control of the human array\npredicts stochastic regulation. However, the presence of topographic gradients in LWS:MWS\ncone ratios in human retinas (and LWS1:LWS2 ratios in zebrafish) suggests that a trans\nregulatory mechanism is involved. The Stenkamp lab demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH)\nregulates opsin expression in LWS cones, supporting the presence of a trans regulatory\nmechanism. The proposed research aims to characterize TH-mediated biological differences\nbetween the LWS cones and to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the switch in\nLWS cone opsin expression upon TH exposure in zebrafish. We will use single-cell RNA\nsequencing (scRNA-Seq) to obtain comprehensive transcriptional signatures of LWS cones\nfrom control and TH-treated zebrafish. We will also use previously collected bulk RNA-Seq and\nsingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data to identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) in\nLWS1 vs LWS2 cones, and, after validation, we will determine whether the candidate genes are\ncoordinately regulated by TH. Thirdly, we will use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cell type-selective\ngene disruption strategies to elucidate the roles of TH receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors\n(RXRs) in TH-induced opsin switching. This project will provide insight into zebrafish LWS cone\ndifferentiation and ultimately into the mechanisms by which cones expressing one member of a\ntandemly duplicated opsin gene array differentiate in general.
49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Specific vertebrate cone opsins with distinct peak spectral sensitivities are expressed in\nseparate cone populations, which provide differential input to downstream neurons. This\ninformation is interpreted as color. In humans, the opsins that sense red and green light\n(LWS/MWS) are encoded by an array of tandemly replicated genes sharing a single locus\ncontrol region (L/M array). Defects in this array result in color blindness and more severe cone\ndegenerative disorders. Zebrafish possess an orthologous tandemly replicated long wavelength-\nsensitive array (lws array, red-sensing). The process by which tandemly replicated opsins are\ndifferentially regulated is poorly understood, and filling this knowledge gap would allow the\nvision science community to develop treatments for disorders related to defects in the L/M array,\nas well as establish conditions for differentiating human cones in vitro for cell replacement\ntherapies that permit high acuity color vision. The prevalent model for control of the human array\npredicts stochastic regulation. However, the presence of topographic gradients in LWS:MWS\ncone ratios in human retinas (and LWS1:LWS2 ratios in zebrafish) suggests that a trans\nregulatory mechanism is involved. The Stenkamp lab demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH)\nregulates opsin expression in LWS cones, supporting the presence of a trans regulatory\nmechanism. The proposed research aims to characterize TH-mediated biological differences\nbetween the LWS cones and to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the switch in\nLWS cone opsin expression upon TH exposure in zebrafish. We will use single-cell RNA\nsequencing (scRNA-Seq) to obtain comprehensive transcriptional signatures of LWS cones\nfrom control and TH-treated zebrafish. We will also use previously collected bulk RNA-Seq and\nsingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data to identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) in\nLWS1 vs LWS2 cones, and, after validation, we will determine whether the candidate genes are\ncoordinately regulated by TH. Thirdly, we will use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cell type-selective\ngene disruption strategies to elucidate the roles of TH receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors\n(RXRs) in TH-induced opsin switching. This project will provide insight into zebrafish LWS cone\ndifferentiation and ultimately into the mechanisms by which cones expressing one member of a\ntandemly duplicated opsin gene array differentiate in general.
50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Specific vertebrate cone opsins with distinct peak spectral sensitivities are expressed in\nseparate cone populations, which provide differential input to downstream neurons. This\ninformation is interpreted as color. In humans, the opsins that sense red and green light\n(LWS/MWS) are encoded by an array of tandemly replicated genes sharing a single locus\ncontrol region (L/M array). Defects in this array result in color blindness and more severe cone\ndegenerative disorders. Zebrafish possess an orthologous tandemly replicated long wavelength-\nsensitive array (lws array, red-sensing). The process by which tandemly replicated opsins are\ndifferentially regulated is poorly understood, and filling this knowledge gap would allow the\nvision science community to develop treatments for disorders related to defects in the L/M array,\nas well as establish conditions for differentiating human cones in vitro for cell replacement\ntherapies that permit high acuity color vision. The prevalent model for control of the human array\npredicts stochastic regulation. However, the presence of topographic gradients in LWS:MWS\ncone ratios in human retinas (and LWS1:LWS2 ratios in zebrafish) suggests that a trans\nregulatory mechanism is involved. The Stenkamp lab demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH)\nregulates opsin expression in LWS cones, supporting the presence of a trans regulatory\nmechanism. The proposed research aims to characterize TH-mediated biological differences\nbetween the LWS cones and to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the switch in\nLWS cone opsin expression upon TH exposure in zebrafish. We will use single-cell RNA\nsequencing (scRNA-Seq) to obtain comprehensive transcriptional signatures of LWS cones\nfrom control and TH-treated zebrafish. We will also use previously collected bulk RNA-Seq and\nsingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data to identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) in\nLWS1 vs LWS2 cones, and, after validation, we will determine whether the candidate genes are\ncoordinately regulated by TH. Thirdly, we will use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cell type-selective\ngene disruption strategies to elucidate the roles of TH receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors\n(RXRs) in TH-induced opsin switching. This project will provide insight into zebrafish LWS cone\ndifferentiation and ultimately into the mechanisms by which cones expressing one member of a\ntandemly duplicated opsin gene array differentiate in general.
51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT SUMMARY OF THE PARENT GRANT (R01AG059923)\nMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing\nand reinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs\nlose their regenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity.\nThis loss of MSC health causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in\ndecreased quality of life and increased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing\neffective therapies in aging and MSC related regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest\nimpedes MSC health.\nThe nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function\nand fate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of\nthese processes. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus,\nultimately diminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will\nshow, disabling the mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by\nLinker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by\naffecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ signaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and\ndifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging\nby disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction. We will address our principal hypothesis through two\nspecific aims, each using distinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function\nas well as how aging related loss of LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known\nmechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ. We will further determine the force-induced\nmechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC complex expression to augment\nMSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC\ncomplex drives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will\nprovide research communities with [1] efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve\nLINC-mediated mechanosignaling and [2] foundational structure-function relationship data in\nhealthy and aged stem cells.
62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Project Summary\nNotch signaling is a fundamental mechanism through which a majority of multicellular\nanimals regulate cell biology. Mammalian organisms express four Notch receptors that\nare activated by nearly identical mechanisms. Many years of Notch research has led to\na dogma whereby active Notch fragments (NICD molecules) associate with a co-\ntranscription factor complex that in turn binds to DNA as either monomers, or as head-\nto-head homodimers to drive transcription. There remain however significant gaps in our\nunderstanding of Notch. Chief among these gaps are an understanding of how all the\nNotch receptors are integrated to produce the overall Notch signaling output from a cell.\nThe main goal of this proposal is to address these gaps in knowledge. Our preliminary\nresults have now identified a novel mode of Notch signaling, heterodimerization between\ndifferent NICD molecules. Moreover, we have also determined that even different Notch\nNICD homodimers display unique transcriptional activities on various synthetic\npromoters. We hypothesize that both heterodimerization of NICD molecules and unique\npromoter preferences of various NICD homodimers cooperate to diversify the Notch\nsignaling mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we propose two aims in which NICD\nheterodimerization will be characterized based on the fundamental rules of\nheterodimerization and the promoter binding activity of various NICD homodimers will be\ncompared. Given the critical importance of Notch signaling to cell biology under both\nhealthy and diseased states, these results will add fundamental knowledge that will be\nvaluable in the struggle to improve human health.\n 
64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The second Aim will identify\nand characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of client proteins. Together\nthese studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of the function of\ncochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity. Identification of\nclusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards rational design of\ncompounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.
67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT ABSTRACT\nDense connective tissue is composed of an abundant collagen network that is maintained and repaired by\nfibroblasts. These fibrous tissues are commonly injured and due to poor vascularity are slow to heal, leading to\nover 15 million hospital visits in the U.S. each year. It's well established that dynamic mechanical stimulus will\ntrigger fibroblasts to repair and remodel the collagen network, but the specific states of three-dimensional\nmatrix deformation that regulate fibroblast biosynthesis have not yet been identified. One potential explanation\nis that fibroblast-mediated collagen remodeling is governed at the tissue-scale by distortion strain energy, which\naccounts for a change in matrix shape, while preserving matrix volume. To test this central hypothesis, a novel\nbioreactor has been developed to administer a unique combination of biaxial stresses that have previously never\nbeen applied to 3D fibroblast-seeded scaffolds. This bioreactor will be used to apply varying magnitudes of\ndistortion energy to collagen matrices seeded with human fibroblasts for 8 days of culture. Alterations in the\ncomposition, organization, and mechanical behavior of the scaffolds will be measured. Kinematic data from the\nexperiment will be input into a finite element model that uses matrix distortion to modulate collagen growth.\nExperimental and computational results will be compared for model validation. If successful, this study will\nprovide a mechanistic basis for the repair and regeneration of dense connective tissue and will establish a new\nexperimental and theoretical framework to study mechanosensitive cells.
76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract\n This proposed Diversity Research Supplement aims to extend the scientific impact of the parent trial to test\nthe effects of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy on the\nimplementation (aim 1) and sustainment (aim 2) of digital measurement-based care (MBC) and the\nmechanisms that link LOCI to improve MBC fidelity (aim 3) and support a promising early career investigator\nwho will contribute to the diversity of the NIH workforce. Within the scope of Aim 3 (mechanisms), the\nproposed diversity research supplement extends the study’s scientific impact by generating new data and\ntesting new hypotheses regarding the role of cost-neutral workplace-based clinical supervision in optimizing\nMBC fidelity and youth clinical outcomes. This work fills a critical gap in scalable, supervision-focused\nimplementation strategies that could be integrated into, or deployed independently of, the LOCI strategy.\n Workplace-based clinical supervision is an essential, ubiquitous, and often State-mandated infrastructure\nfor delivering community mental health care. As such, it is a potentially powerful, cost-neutral entry point for\nimproving clinical outcomes by supporting high fidelity delivery of evidence-based practices (EBP), such as\nMBC. However, the evidence-informed clinical supervision strategies (CSS) that are most effective are least\nused in routine settings and the key determinants of this variation are yet to be discovered. Evidence suggests\nthat the organizational climate for implementation of EBP, which is a key target of LOCI, improves intensity of\nEBP-related supervision content. However, experiments are needed to test the linkage. Furthermore, beyond\norganizational climate, quantitative studies have failed to identify tractable determinants, highlighting the\nimportance of qualitative inquiry to generate deeper understanding and new hypotheses regarding the potential\nmultilevel supervision determinants and their potentially complex interactions. The proposed supplement takes\nthe essential first steps toward generating a scalable, effective, and theoretically grounded implementation\nstrategy that leverages routine workplace-based clinical supervision to promote MBC fidelity and clinical\noutcomes. Within the context of the parent trial, using an explanatory mixed method design, the proposed\nsupplement will: 1) Test the effect of LOCI on supervisors’ use of evidence-informed CSS, 2) Test supervisors’\nuse of CSS as a link between LOCI and MBC fidelity and clinical outcomes within the parent cluster\nrandomized controlled trial, and 3) Identify the most salient and tractable determinants of supervisors’ use of\nevidence-informed CSS that are not targeted by LOCI at the policy, agency, supervisor, supervisee, and\ntechnique levels through in-depth qualitative interviews with end users and potential adopters. This supplement\nlaunches a program of research focused on closing the research-practice gap by applying innovative, theory-\ndriven design approaches to a highly prevalent, impactful, and feasible inflection point for transforming clinical\npractice—workplace-based clinical supervision.
79                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Since the decision to operate is often based on common symptoms, such\nas headache, along with a single imaging measure of cerebellar tonsil position that is commonly recognized as\ninadequate, the concern for under- and especially over-treatment is high. The CM1 public critically needs a\nbiomarker that better reflects CM1 pathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection.\nThis proposal seeks to replace the simplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel\nMRI-based biomarker that quantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the\nbrain and spinal cord. Our central hypothesis is that quantification of dynamic deformation within specific\ncentral nervous system tissue regions will be a biomarker to help appropriately select people with >5 mm\ntonsillar descent for surgical treatment. It is not possible to quantify neural tissue stress or pressure\nnoninvasively. However, tissue deformation can be measured noninvasively with phase contrast (PC) MRI or\ndisplacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). Our preliminary data and publications show strong\nevidence for the importance of neural tissue deformation assessment in CM1 and confirmed DENSE sequence\noptimization and measurement reliability in the brain. Additionally, all members of our research team have\nreceived multiple research grants focused on CM1 and worked together in multiple funded CM1 projects.\nTo test our hypothesis, in Aim 1, we will compare symptomatic CM1 patients, prior to surgery (N=20), to\nhealthy controls (N=20) using dynamic deformation parameters (bulk motion, compression, tension, and shear)\nobtained at the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellar tonsils using PC MRI and DENSE. This aim will\nestablish dynamic deformation parameters as a biomarker for symptomatic CM1. In Aim 2, we will compare\nneural tissue deformation in symptomatic CM1 patients (N=20) to asymptomatic subjects with >6 mm tonsillar\ndescent below the foramen magnum (N=20). This aim will establish dynamic deformation as a biomarker that\nmitigates CM1 false-positive diagnosis. In Aim 3, we will determine how surgical treatment of CM1 alters\nneural tissue deformation and its correlation with symptom improvement. This aim will allow understanding of\nhow deformation relates to surgical success. Our long-term goal is to develop advanced MR imaging and\nanalysis techniques to form a CM1 biomechanics analysis tool-set that can be used clinically and applied in a\nmulticenter study that will aid early detection, more precise diagnosis, and clinical management of CM1.
83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Summary\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Since the decision to operate is often based on common symptoms, such\nas headache, along with a single imaging measure of cerebellar tonsil position that is commonly recognized as\ninadequate, the concern for under- and especially over-treatment is high. The CM1 public critically needs a\nbiomarker that better reflects CM1 pathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection.\nThis proposal seeks to replace the simplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel\nMRI-based biomarker that quantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the\nbrain and spinal cord. Our central hypothesis is that quantification of dynamic deformation within specific\ncentral nervous system tissue regions will be a biomarker to help appropriately select people with >5 mm\ntonsillar descent for surgical treatment. It is not possible to quantify neural tissue stress or pressure\nnoninvasively. However, tissue deformation can be measured noninvasively with phase contrast (PC) MRI or\ndisplacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). Our preliminary data and publications show strong\nevidence for the importance of neural tissue deformation assessment in CM1 and confirmed DENSE sequence\noptimization and measurement reliability in the brain. Additionally, all members of our research team have\nreceived multiple research grants focused on CM1 and worked together in multiple funded CM1 projects.\nTo test our hypothesis, in Aim 1, we will compare symptomatic CM1 patients, prior to surgery (N=20), to\nhealthy controls (N=20) using dynamic deformation parameters (bulk motion, compression, tension, and shear)\nobtained at the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellar tonsils using PC MRI and DENSE. This aim will\nestablish dynamic deformation parameters as a biomarker for symptomatic CM1. In Aim 2, we will compare\nneural tissue deformation in symptomatic CM1 patients (N=20) to asymptomatic subjects with >6 mm tonsillar\ndescent below the foramen magnum (N=20). This aim will establish dynamic deformation as a biomarker that\nmitigates CM1 false-positive diagnosis. In Aim 3, we will determine how surgical treatment of CM1 alters\nneural tissue deformation and its correlation with symptom improvement. This aim will allow understanding of\nhow deformation relates to surgical success. Our long-term goal is to develop advanced MR imaging and\nanalysis techniques to form a CM1 biomechanics analysis tool-set that can be used clinically and applied in a\nmulticenter study that will aid early detection, more precise diagnosis, and clinical management of CM1.
84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Summary\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They depend on a unique\nbiphasic developmental cycle consisting of a replicative cell form and an infectious cell form. This\ndevelopmental program alternates between two differentiated cell types, the elementary body (EB) and\nreticulate body (RB) and is critical to the completion of its life cycle. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia\ncontains the causative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic\ninfections resulting in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease\nand is linked to atherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading\ncause of preventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective\nof the resulting disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and biphasic\ndevelopmental cycle.\n The cell type specific division of labor (replication=RB, cell invasion=EB) in these pathogens\ngenerates a developmental cycle that results in a viral like one step growth curve with a defined eclipse period\nwhen no infectious progeny are present. Chlamydial pathogenesis is dependent on balancing the need to\nreplicate with the need to create infectious progeny. It is not clear how this developmental process is regulated.\nIn this proposal we aim to first Determine the molecular mechanisms that control RB to EB development.\nTo uncover genes involved in regulating the cycle we will employ a forward genetic screen leveraging chemical\nmutagenesis and live cell imaging using novel reporter constructs to visualize the developmental cycle in real\ntime.\n Our previous work uncovered a regulatory circuit involved in EB formation. The small non coding\nRNA, IhtA, inhibits the translation of the EB nucleoid factor and histone homolog HctA. By determining the\nmechanism of this regulation a second protein regulated by IhtA was discovered, the hypothetical protein\nCTL0322. Preliminary evidence indicates that CTL0322 is a DNA binding protein and is involved in RB to EB\ndifferentiation. The second aim will focus on Determining the role of the DNA binding protein CTL0322 in\nthe chlamydial developmental cycle. To understand the role of CTL0322, we will employ a combination of\ngenetics, isolation of suppressor mutants, biochemistry and pull down assays to identify binding partners, and\ntranscriptional profiling to determine pathways impacted byCTL0322.\n Ultimately, understanding the process involved in regulating the unique chlamydial developmental\ncycle will lead to new narrowly targeted therapeutic targets helping to alleviate the burden of broad\nantimicrobial resistance.
85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Summary\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They depend on a unique\nbiphasic developmental cycle consisting of a replicative cell form and an infectious cell form. This\ndevelopmental program alternates between two differentiated cell types, the elementary body (EB) and\nreticulate body (RB) and is critical to the completion of its life cycle. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia\ncontains the causative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic\ninfections resulting in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease\nand is linked to atherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading\ncause of preventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective\nof the resulting disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and biphasic\ndevelopmental cycle.\n The cell type specific division of labor (replication=RB, cell invasion=EB) in these pathogens\ngenerates a developmental cycle that results in a viral like one step growth curve with a defined eclipse period\nwhen no infectious progeny are present. Chlamydial pathogenesis is dependent on balancing the need to\nreplicate with the need to create infectious progeny. It is not clear how this developmental process is regulated.\nIn this proposal we aim to first Determine the molecular mechanisms that control RB to EB development.\nTo uncover genes involved in regulating the cycle we will employ a forward genetic screen leveraging chemical\nmutagenesis and live cell imaging using novel reporter constructs to visualize the developmental cycle in real\ntime.\n Our previous work uncovered a regulatory circuit involved in EB formation. The small non coding\nRNA, IhtA, inhibits the translation of the EB nucleoid factor and histone homolog HctA. By determining the\nmechanism of this regulation a second protein regulated by IhtA was discovered, the hypothetical protein\nCTL0322. Preliminary evidence indicates that CTL0322 is a DNA binding protein and is involved in RB to EB\ndifferentiation. The second aim will focus on Determining the role of the DNA binding protein CTL0322 in\nthe chlamydial developmental cycle. To understand the role of CTL0322, we will employ a combination of\ngenetics, isolation of suppressor mutants, biochemistry and pull down assays to identify binding partners, and\ntranscriptional profiling to determine pathways impacted byCTL0322.\n Ultimately, understanding the process involved in regulating the unique chlamydial developmental\ncycle will lead to new narrowly targeted therapeutic targets helping to alleviate the burden of broad\nantimicrobial resistance.
86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT SUMMARY\nAccidental falls among people aged 65 years and older cause approximately 2.7 million injuries, 27,000\ndeaths, and cost more than 34 billion dollars in the US annually. The risk of an accidental fall is substantially\nhigher in the aging population compared to younger adults; one third of adults over 65 years of age fall\nannually and this increases to 50% over 80 years. Common causes of accidental falls in the older population\ninclude tripping, or slipping on wet or polished floors. Despite the prevalence of accidental falls in the aging\npopulation and disparity with younger adults, the effect of aging on how the musculoskeletal system adapts to\nchallenging conditions, such as slippery ground, is poorly understood. While researchers have identified risk\nfactors for falls including lower-extremity weakness, knee joint instability, environmental hazards and cognitive\nimpairment, underlying mechanisms driving musculoskeletal adaptation are poorly understood.\nThere is a gap in understanding of the mechanisms of musculoskeletal adaptation to challenging conditions,\ndifferences in musculoskeletal adaptation between young and older populations, and the relationship between\nknee joint instability and whole body musculoskeletal function (movement, muscle forces). The goals of this\nproposed foundational study are to 1) elucidate how young and older populations respond to challenging\nconditions, including environmental, physical and cognitive changes, 2) establish a functional measure of knee\njoint stability, and 3) quantify relationships between knee joint stability and whole-body musculoskeletal\nfunction. Our team will (1) develop a unique experimental dataset of whole-body kinematics, ground reaction\nforces, strength and balance testing, and bony anatomy, for cohorts of young and older adults performing\nroutine daily activity under a variety of environmental, physical, and cognitive external conditions, (2) apply a\ncombined experimental and computational approach to predict muscle force and joint stability, and (3)\ndetermine the strength of relationships between knee joint stability and whole-body musculoskeletal metrics\ntypically associated with risk of falls (muscle strength, whole-body movement, balance).\nWhile the proposed foundational study focuses specifically on identifying musculoskeletal adaptations in\nresponse to challenging conditions and links to joint stability in young (low risk) and older (high risk) adults, we\nanticipate that successful completion of this work will lead to further studies to develop targeted muscle training\nprograms that will improve joint stability and musculoskeletal function, and optimize surgical and therapeutic\ninterventions, such as bracing and total knee arthroplasty, to establish joint-level stability which best facilitates\nwhole-body function, mobility, and stability.
87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Summary/Abstract\nA variety of topical and systemic treatments exist to treat the chronic wounds and burns that afflict over 6\nmillion patients annually in the U.S. However, wound infections/biofilms and necrotic tissue often exacerbate\nhealing times and ultimately contribute to > $25 billion in added annual U.S. health care costs. Generally,\nwounds that fail to resolve are subjected to repeated painful debriding protocols to remove infected and\ndecaying tissues in order to stimulate proper healing. Development of an effective, low cost, portable wound\ndebridement treatment could improve patient outcomes, reduce pain, and ultimately improve health care\ncosts. This proposed project seeks to develop a cold, atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma scalpel to selectively\nremove biofilms and necrotic tissues while leaving healthy tissue undamaged. Wound necrotic tissue and\nbiofilms are stained so that they can be photographed by a capture system for image analysis. The unique\napproach of the proposed system uses a narrow (2mm x 2mm) plasma scalpel that can be moved by a robotic\narm to a desired location over a wound in response to real time imaging of the stained wound. A computer\nalgorithm processes the images to determine the location of the stained material in the wound. A control\nsystem moves the scalpel to the desired location and delivers a stream of plasma to selectively remove only\nnecrotic tissue/biofilms and not healthy tissue. The rate of etching would be dynamically controlled by altering\nplasma energy and rate of passage over the afflicted area. The objectives of this proposal are to (1)\ndemonstrate that a CAP plasma scalpel system can image and remove biofilms from solid\nsubstrates and (2) show selective removal of biofilms from model tissues (Matrigel) and in ex\nvivo porcine ear models that more closely resemble the complex cellular environments of true\nwounds. To accomplish these objectives, a workforce of predominantly undergraduates will conduct\nexperiments to examine the plasma ablation of biofilms grown on glass coverslips and other substrates\n(Matrigel, etc) using staining and microscopic imaging, followed by an analysis of surviving colony forming\nunits (cfu) to demonstrate microbial cell killing. Profilometry across the treated biofilm will be used to\ndemonstrate the depth and width of sample removal from the site including over-etch of healthy tissue. The\nresults will be used in iterative rounds of scalpel design to improve the performance of the instrument.\nSubsequent experiments will demonstrate selectivity by using the device to treat model ex vivo porcine ear\nwounds that contain biofilms in the context of viable mammalian tissue. Wound bioburden will be analyzed\nthrough a combination of staining/imaging techniques. Ablation of wound bioburden will be examined by cfu\nreduction assays using standard plating techniques of wound rinses, histological sampling, staining and\nimaging using standard light microscopy. Selectivity will be further demonstrated using live-dead staining and\nfluorescence confocal microscopy to show that the underlying healthy tissue is unaffected by plasma treatment.
88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract\nThis request for supplemental funding supports a previously awarded career development grant for Dr.\nCynthia Curl. Dr. Curl’s original project aims to understand sources of glyphosate exposure among pregnant\nwomen living in agricultural communities. Specifically, she aims to measure long-term glyphosate exposure\namong a cohort of pregnant women from the beginning of their first trimesters through delivery via a series of\nrepeated weekly first morning void urine samples. In partnership with Women, Infants and Children (WIC)\nclinics, Dr. Curl is currently recruiting 40 pregnant women in Idaho (as of April 14, 2021, 28 participants have\nbeen enrolled, and recruitment will continue until mid-May 2021). These women live in heavily agricultural\ncommunities along the Snake River Valley as far east as Fruitland, Idaho near the Oregon border to Burley,\nIdaho, located in the central region of the state. Each residential location is mapped to the nearest sugarbeet or\nalfalfa field, and that distance varies from less than a mile to over 10 miles. Sugarbeets and alfalfa are\ncommonly grown in the Snake River Valley and, in Idaho, the majority of these crops are genetically\nengineered to be herbicide-resistant and are thus often treated with glyphosate. The first aim of this project is\nto evaluate the relationship between residential proximity to glyphosate-treated fields and glyphosate\nexposure throughout the growing season. The second aim of this project is to understand the potential for diet\nto contribute to glyphosate exposure. To this end, Dr. Curl will be conducting a 2-week dietary intervention in\nthis cohort in a crossover design. Each participant will be provided one week of conventional food and one\nweek of organic food, randomized to order during June 2021. During this dietary intervention period, each\nstudy participant will provide daily urine samples to assess differences in pesticide exposure attributable to\nthis dietary change. Recruitment for this project originally began in January 2020 and was intended to\ncontinue through May 2020. As of March 12, 2020, the WIC clinics had referred 17 eligible and interested\nparticipants; informed consent meetings and sample collection were underway. As originally designed, these\nmeetings involved face-to-face interactions that had to be discontinued due to COVID-19, and as a result, the\ncohort was released and sample collection halted. Dr. Curl spent fall of 2020 redesigning the study to be fully\ncontactless with no face-to-face interactions. All protocols and materials were revised, and some cases entirely\nre-created; videos were created (in English and Spanish) to provide remote instruction for sample collection\nprocedures; new student researchers were hired; new IRB protocols were designed, submitted and approved;\nand new supplies were ordered to replace those used during the previous year. While the overall scope and\naims of this project are unchanged, this supplement is requested to replace funds expended during the initial\nrecruitment and to fund necessary modifications, in order to ensure project success.
94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Summary/Abstract\nThis application outlines a research project to measure glyphosate exposure among pregnant women and a\ntraining plan to transition Dr. Curl from a junior faculty member to a fully independent investigator. Under\nthe mentorship of Dr. Bruce Lanphear, Dr. Richard Fenske, and Dr. Julia Oxford, and with the advice and\nexpertise of Dr. Lianne Sheppard, Dr. Don Morishita, and Dr. Michael Antoniou, this plan will provide\ntraining opportunities in birth cohort study design and implementation, exposure science, and glyphosate\ntoxicity and use. This training plan will further provide an on‐going network of collaborators, mentors and\nadvisors, which will be critical to Dr. Curl's aim of attaining future R01 funding and building a sustained\nresearch agenda. Dr. Curl's research sits at the intersection between agriculture and health. Her long‐term goal\nis to become an expert in assessing dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides, and to contribute to our overall\nunderstanding of the effect of such exposure on human health. This research project focuses on human\nexposure to glyphosate, the single most commonly applied agricultural chemical in the world. Glyphosate has\nbeen declared a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and several\nrecent toxicological studies have further suggested potential neurologic and developmental effects of\nglyphosate exposure at environmentally‐relevant levels. However, despite its extensive use, frequent presence\nin food and environmental media, and potential toxicity, current exposure levels in human populations are not\nwell documented. This proposed study aims to assess glyphosate exposure among a cohort of pregnant\nwomen and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and dietary sources of this exposure.\nSpecifically, this project proposes to utilize an existing repository of urine samples previously collected from\npregnant women to develop and validate a longitudinal urinary biomonitoring strategy for glyphosate\nassessment that will accommodate large within‐individual exposure variation. This biomonitoring strategy\nwill then be employed within a cohort of 40 pregnant women, recruited from urban areas >10 miles from the\nnearest glyphosate‐treated field and agricultural areas <1 mile from the nearest glyphosate‐treated field. It is\nhypothesized that women living near treated fields will have higher exposures than those living further away.\nThese participants will then take part in a week‐long randomized dietary intervention, in which half will\nreceive exclusively organic food (grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, including glyphosate) and half\nwill receive conventional food. It is hypothesized that there will be a reduction in glyphosate exposure among\nall participants randomized to the organic diet, but that the effect of the dietary intervention will be modified\nby residential location. This study will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the magnitude of glyphosate\nexposure in a potentially vulnerable population. It will further serve to quantify the relative contribution of\ndietary and environmental sources to glyphosate exposure in a non‐occupationally exposed cohort.
95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Summary/Abstract\nThis application outlines a research project to measure glyphosate exposure among pregnant women and a\ntraining plan to transition Dr. Curl from a junior faculty member to a fully independent investigator. Under\nthe mentorship of Dr. Bruce Lanphear, Dr. Richard Fenske, and Dr. Julia Oxford, and with the advice and\nexpertise of Dr. Lianne Sheppard, Dr. Don Morishita, and Dr. Michael Antoniou, this plan will provide\ntraining opportunities in birth cohort study design and implementation, exposure science, and glyphosate\ntoxicity and use. This training plan will further provide an on‐going network of collaborators, mentors and\nadvisors, which will be critical to Dr. Curl's aim of attaining future R01 funding and building a sustained\nresearch agenda. Dr. Curl's research sits at the intersection between agriculture and health. Her long‐term goal\nis to become an expert in assessing dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides, and to contribute to our overall\nunderstanding of the effect of such exposure on human health. This research project focuses on human\nexposure to glyphosate, the single most commonly applied agricultural chemical in the world. Glyphosate has\nbeen declared a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and several\nrecent toxicological studies have further suggested potential neurologic and developmental effects of\nglyphosate exposure at environmentally‐relevant levels. However, despite its extensive use, frequent presence\nin food and environmental media, and potential toxicity, current exposure levels in human populations are not\nwell documented. This proposed study aims to assess glyphosate exposure among a cohort of pregnant\nwomen and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and dietary sources of this exposure.\nSpecifically, this project proposes to utilize an existing repository of urine samples previously collected from\npregnant women to develop and validate a longitudinal urinary biomonitoring strategy for glyphosate\nassessment that will accommodate large within‐individual exposure variation. This biomonitoring strategy\nwill then be employed within a cohort of 40 pregnant women, recruited from urban areas >10 miles from the\nnearest glyphosate‐treated field and agricultural areas <1 mile from the nearest glyphosate‐treated field. It is\nhypothesized that women living near treated fields will have higher exposures than those living further away.\nThese participants will then take part in a week‐long randomized dietary intervention, in which half will\nreceive exclusively organic food (grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, including glyphosate) and half\nwill receive conventional food. It is hypothesized that there will be a reduction in glyphosate exposure among\nall participants randomized to the organic diet, but that the effect of the dietary intervention will be modified\nby residential location. This study will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the magnitude of glyphosate\nexposure in a potentially vulnerable population. It will further serve to quantify the relative contribution of\ndietary and environmental sources to glyphosate exposure in a non‐occupationally exposed cohort.
96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Summary/Abstract\nThis application outlines a research project to measure glyphosate exposure among pregnant women and a\ntraining plan to transition Dr. Curl from a junior faculty member to a fully independent investigator. Under\nthe mentorship of Dr. Bruce Lanphear, Dr. Richard Fenske, and Dr. Julia Oxford, and with the advice and\nexpertise of Dr. Lianne Sheppard, Dr. Don Morishita, and Dr. Michael Antoniou, this plan will provide\ntraining opportunities in birth cohort study design and implementation, exposure science, and glyphosate\ntoxicity and use. This training plan will further provide an on‐going network of collaborators, mentors and\nadvisors, which will be critical to Dr. Curl's aim of attaining future R01 funding and building a sustained\nresearch agenda. Dr. Curl's research sits at the intersection between agriculture and health. Her long‐term goal\nis to become an expert in assessing dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides, and to contribute to our overall\nunderstanding of the effect of such exposure on human health. This research project focuses on human\nexposure to glyphosate, the single most commonly applied agricultural chemical in the world. Glyphosate has\nbeen declared a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and several\nrecent toxicological studies have further suggested potential neurologic and developmental effects of\nglyphosate exposure at environmentally‐relevant levels. However, despite its extensive use, frequent presence\nin food and environmental media, and potential toxicity, current exposure levels in human populations are not\nwell documented. This proposed study aims to assess glyphosate exposure among a cohort of pregnant\nwomen and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and dietary sources of this exposure.\nSpecifically, this project proposes to utilize an existing repository of urine samples previously collected from\npregnant women to develop and validate a longitudinal urinary biomonitoring strategy for glyphosate\nassessment that will accommodate large within‐individual exposure variation. This biomonitoring strategy\nwill then be employed within a cohort of 40 pregnant women, recruited from urban areas >10 miles from the\nnearest glyphosate‐treated field and agricultural areas <1 mile from the nearest glyphosate‐treated field. It is\nhypothesized that women living near treated fields will have higher exposures than those living further away.\nThese participants will then take part in a week‐long randomized dietary intervention, in which half will\nreceive exclusively organic food (grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, including glyphosate) and half\nwill receive conventional food. It is hypothesized that there will be a reduction in glyphosate exposure among\nall participants randomized to the organic diet, but that the effect of the dietary intervention will be modified\nby residential location. This study will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the magnitude of glyphosate\nexposure in a potentially vulnerable population. It will further serve to quantify the relative contribution of\ndietary and environmental sources to glyphosate exposure in a non‐occupationally exposed cohort.
97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ABSTRACT\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon plasticity and\ncommitment of photoreceptor progenitors and precursors, with an emphasis on retinoid signaling as a\nmechanism for controlling photoreceptor fate. During the current funding period we demonstrated that retinoid\ntreatment causes “dedicated cone progenitors” to generate rods, and that the tandemly duplicated zebrafish\nlong wavelength-sensitive (“red” or L) opsin genes, LWS1 and LWS2 (orthologous to the human L/M cone\nopsin array) can be regulated by retinoids. These findings offer opportunities to probe the plasticity of\nphotoreceptor progenitors, determine mechanisms through which differential expression of tandemly\nduplicated opsin genes is achieved, and suggest the enticing prospect of targeted pharmacological\nmanipulation of photoreceptor phenotypes and ratios of these phenotypes in the treatment of retinal\ndegenerative diseases. Retinoid receptors are highly conserved among vertebrates. The zebrafish is\nexceptional for studies involving small molecules such as retinoids, and offers genetic resources for\nmanipulation and measurement of retinoid signaling, and for identification of cone progenitors and specific\nphotoreceptor types. Naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids already see use in the clinic and in\nphotoreceptor differentiation protocols from human ES and iPS cells, making translational applications of our\nfindings not only likely, but rapid. Our proposed studies will test the central hypothesis that retinoid signaling\nvia specific receptors is an endogenous regulatory mechanism underlying photoreceptor progenitor plasticity,\nand apply this information in the contexts of regenerative and stem cell approaches for photoreceptor\nreplacement, with the following Specific Aims: 1. Identify and analyze retinoid signaling-dependent plastic\nstates in cone progenitors. 2. Determine the mechanisms through which retinoid signaling regulates\ncone progenitor plasticity. 3. Determine the fates and plasticity of cone progenitors during retinal\nregeneration. These studies will reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity of\nphotoreceptor progenitors, generating information necessary to manipulate photoreceptor phenotypic fates in\nconcert with the application of cell replacement therapies for human retinal degenerations.
98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Tendons are frequently injured, and unfortunately have poor innate healing capacity that significantly disrupts\nhuman motion. Limited treatment options motivate the need for novel regenerative therapies and tissue\nengineered tendon replacements. Our long-term goal is to generate functional tendon replacements that match\nthe structure and mechanical function of native tendons by enhancing tendon formation in scaffolds seeded\nwith stem cells. A common tissue engineering approach is to seed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in\nextracellular matrix-derived scaffolds, such as collagen sponges. A majority of these approaches have applied\nmechanical stimuli and growth factors to the MSC-seeded scaffolds to direct differentiation of MSCs toward the\ntendon lineage (tenogenesis) and to enhance tissue formation. Unfortunately, these strategies have not\nresulted in an engineered tendon replacement that recapitulates the aligned collagen fiber structure and\nmechanical properties of tendon. Understanding the mechanisms that control scaffold remodeling by MSCs\nmay be the missing detail needed to direct functional tendon formation in vitro. An additional challenge is\ncontrolling tenogenic differentiation of the MSCs. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are potent regulators of\nextracellular matrix remodeling, but it is unknown how MMPs impact tenogenic differentiation and tendon\nformation by MSCs. Also unknown are the mechanisms of MMP regulation by cyclic tensile loading, a common\nstrategy used to guide tenogenic differentiation by MSCs. In other cell types, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α\nhas been found to be activated by mechanical loading and is implicated as a regulator of MMP production.\nHowever, the HIF-1α pathway has not been investigated as a mechanotransducer or regulator of MMP\nproduction in MSCs. To address these missing details in the regulation of MMPs and tenogenic differentiation,\nour study will determine the relationship between MMPs and tenogenesis by MSCs. Our innovative approach\nwill explore the potential for MMPs to impact tenogenesis and identify a potential mechanism of their\nmechanoregulation. This project will test the hypothesis that increased MMP activity enhances tenogenesis in\nvitro, and production of MMPs by MSCs is mechanoregulated by the HIF-1α pathway. In the first aim, we will\ndetermine how exogenous MMP treatment influences tendon formation and tenogenesis of MSCs in collagen\nsponges, and how inhibiting MMP activity alters the MSC response to mechanical stimuli. Results of these\nexperiments will determine the role of MMPs in regulating tenogenic differentiation markers and tendon\nformation by MSCs. In the second aim, we will explore the impact of mechanotransduction by the HIF-1α\npathway on MMP production by MSCs. These experiments will identify the HIF-1α pathway as a\nmechanoregulator of MMP production by MSCs. Results of this project provide insight into the mechanisms\nresponsible for MMP activity-dependent regulation of tissue formation and stem cell tenogenesis, which have\nwide-reaching implications for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration.
103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Tendons are frequently injured, and unfortunately have poor innate healing capacity that significantly disrupts\nhuman motion. Limited treatment options motivate the need for novel regenerative therapies and tissue\nengineered tendon replacements. Our long-term goal is to generate functional tendon replacements that match\nthe structure and mechanical function of native tendons by enhancing tendon formation in scaffolds seeded\nwith stem cells. A common tissue engineering approach is to seed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in\nextracellular matrix-derived scaffolds, such as collagen sponges. A majority of these approaches have applied\nmechanical stimuli and growth factors to the MSC-seeded scaffolds to direct differentiation of MSCs toward the\ntendon lineage (tenogenesis) and to enhance tissue formation. Unfortunately, these strategies have not\nresulted in an engineered tendon replacement that recapitulates the aligned collagen fiber structure and\nmechanical properties of tendon. Understanding the mechanisms that control scaffold remodeling by MSCs\nmay be the missing detail needed to direct functional tendon formation in vitro. An additional challenge is\ncontrolling tenogenic differentiation of the MSCs. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are potent regulators of\nextracellular matrix remodeling, but it is unknown how MMPs impact tenogenic differentiation and tendon\nformation by MSCs. Also unknown are the mechanisms of MMP regulation by cyclic tensile loading, a common\nstrategy used to guide tenogenic differentiation by MSCs. In other cell types, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α\nhas been found to be activated by mechanical loading and is implicated as a regulator of MMP production.\nHowever, the HIF-1α pathway has not been investigated as a mechanotransducer or regulator of MMP\nproduction in MSCs. To address these missing details in the regulation of MMPs and tenogenic differentiation,\nour study will determine the relationship between MMPs and tenogenesis by MSCs. Our innovative approach\nwill explore the potential for MMPs to impact tenogenesis and identify a potential mechanism of their\nmechanoregulation. This project will test the hypothesis that increased MMP activity enhances tenogenesis in\nvitro, and production of MMPs by MSCs is mechanoregulated by the HIF-1α pathway. In the first aim, we will\ndetermine how exogenous MMP treatment influences tendon formation and tenogenesis of MSCs in collagen\nsponges, and how inhibiting MMP activity alters the MSC response to mechanical stimuli. Results of these\nexperiments will determine the role of MMPs in regulating tenogenic differentiation markers and tendon\nformation by MSCs. In the second aim, we will explore the impact of mechanotransduction by the HIF-1α\npathway on MMP production by MSCs. These experiments will identify the HIF-1α pathway as a\nmechanoregulator of MMP production by MSCs. Results of this project provide insight into the mechanisms\nresponsible for MMP activity-dependent regulation of tissue formation and stem cell tenogenesis, which have\nwide-reaching implications for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration.
104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary\nThe broad, long-term goal of this program of research is to reduce underage drinking and the\nnegative associated consequences. To achieve this goal, this project will examine the efficacy\nof a web-based feedback program delivered in the school setting for high school seniors.\nNumerous studies support the efficacy of interventions in delaying the initiation of alcohol use in\nmiddle school and early high school or reducing heavy drinking in college. Studies evaluating\nthe efficacy of interventions for teens age 16 and older, however, are limited despite data\nindicating high school seniors are particularly vulnerable to alcohol associated risks. While\ninterventions for younger adolescents are generally time intensive skill building programs, those\nfor college students tend to be brief normative feedback interventions. Programs developed for\nyounger adolescents may be less relevant for older teens as a greater percentage of this group\nmay use alcohol and may not be receptive to strategies such as peer refusal skills. In contrast,\nheavy drinking in college is often an extension of drinking patterns established in high school.\nThus, rather than selecting an upward adoption of a program developed for younger\nadolescents, we selected a downward adoption of a brief intervention developed for college\nstudents. Specifically, we chose a web-based feedback program as this type of intervention is\ninexpensive, easy to disseminate, and requires little training. It is not clear, however, if this\napproach will be effective with high school students, or subgroups of students, who may\nrespond differently to normative feedback than college students. Thus, we aim to assess not\nonly the efficacy of a brief web-based intervention, but also to identify groups of students for\nwhom the intervention is more or less effective, as well as examine reasons why some students\nmay be more or less responsive to this approach. The aims of the research are 1) to evaluate\nthe efficacy of a web-based intervention compared to an assessment-only control condition on\nreducing drinking and the negative associated consequences among high school seniors using\na longitudinal design (6 weeks and 6 months) and 2) to explore how the intervention may need\nto be modified to be most effective for this age group by examining moderating factors (e.g.\nbaseline drinking, socio-emotional maturity, sex, college-bound status) and mediating variables\n(e.g. peer drinking norms, alcohol beliefs, alcohol expectancies) to identify subgroups for whom\nthe intervention may be more or less effective and the processes by which the intervention\nimpacts drinking outcomes, thereby providing information on how this intervention may need to\nbe modified for this age group.
105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary\nThe broad, long-term goal of this program of research is to reduce underage drinking and the\nnegative associated consequences. To achieve this goal, this project will examine the efficacy\nof a web-based feedback program delivered in the school setting for high school seniors.\nNumerous studies support the efficacy of interventions in delaying the initiation of alcohol use in\nmiddle school and early high school or reducing heavy drinking in college. Studies evaluating\nthe efficacy of interventions for teens age 16 and older, however, are limited despite data\nindicating high school seniors are particularly vulnerable to alcohol associated risks. While\ninterventions for younger adolescents are generally time intensive skill building programs, those\nfor college students tend to be brief normative feedback interventions. Programs developed for\nyounger adolescents may be less relevant for older teens as a greater percentage of this group\nmay use alcohol and may not be receptive to strategies such as peer refusal skills. In contrast,\nheavy drinking in college is often an extension of drinking patterns established in high school.\nThus, rather than selecting an upward adoption of a program developed for younger\nadolescents, we selected a downward adoption of a brief intervention developed for college\nstudents. Specifically, we chose a web-based feedback program as this type of intervention is\ninexpensive, easy to disseminate, and requires little training. It is not clear, however, if this\napproach will be effective with high school students, or subgroups of students, who may\nrespond differently to normative feedback than college students. Thus, we aim to assess not\nonly the efficacy of a brief web-based intervention, but also to identify groups of students for\nwhom the intervention is more or less effective, as well as examine reasons why some students\nmay be more or less responsive to this approach. The aims of the research are 1) to evaluate\nthe efficacy of a web-based intervention compared to an assessment-only control condition on\nreducing drinking and the negative associated consequences among high school seniors using\na longitudinal design (6 weeks and 6 months) and 2) to explore how the intervention may need\nto be modified to be most effective for this age group by examining moderating factors (e.g.\nbaseline drinking, socio-emotional maturity, sex, college-bound status) and mediating variables\n(e.g. peer drinking norms, alcohol beliefs, alcohol expectancies) to identify subgroups for whom\nthe intervention may be more or less effective and the processes by which the intervention\nimpacts drinking outcomes, thereby providing information on how this intervention may need to\nbe modified for this age group.
106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.  
107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.  
108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.  
109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.  
110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms of PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles, macromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-synuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves preclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD. Recently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary investigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in HeLa cells. To overcome these limitations we have performed an unbiased screen using mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNA seq) to identify key protein interactors and pathways in a widely-used cellular model of PD. We have discovered that VPS35 protein interactors show a high enrichment for RNA- binding proteins including several known or suspected to be causal for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, the D620N mutation resulted in a dramatic decrease in RNA-binding protein interaction. From our screen, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) and Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) have emerged as lead candidates for mediating VPS35 D620N autophagy dysfunction. Based upon RNA-binding protein interaction, we examined the transcriptome of VPS35 WT and D620N cells and found changes indicative of alterations in RNA metabolism and autophagy. We hypothesize that VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy and causes cell death by regulating RNA metabolism through RNA-binding protein activity. We propose testing our hypothesis by determining if autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration by VPS35 D620N is caused by altered RNA-binding protein activity and establish that VPS35 D620N causes transcriptome changes that facilitate autophagy dysfunction.
111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
114                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Candidates and Environment: Dr. Fuerst will conduct anatomical, genetic and morphological\nexperiments related to Aims 1 and 2 at the University of Idaho. Dr. Fuerst's expertise is centered in\ndevelopmental biology and genetics of retinal development. Fuerst identified the first molecules that regulate\nretinal mosaics and developed the genetic reagents for use in these experiments. Dr. Borghuis will carry out\nthe electrophysiological and 2-photon fluorescence imaging experiments of Aims 1 and 2 at the University of\nLouisville. Borghuis discovered that OFF bipolar cells primarily utilize kainate type glutamate receptors and\ndeveloped the iGluSnFR method to monitor bipolar cell synaptic output. Dr. Borghuis has also developed the\ncomputational tools for analyzing imaging data, an established strength of his lab. Research Proposal:\nDeveloping neurons readily extend axons and dendrites and make novel synaptic connections, but this ability\nis severely limited in the adult brain. In our preliminary studies we find evidence that synaptogenesis by retinal\nbipolar cells is controlled by regulating axons and dendrite growth: while new synapses appear to form, they\nare restricted to the territory occupied by the bipolar cells' axons and dendrites. We have identified two genes\nthat regulate bipolar cell axonal and dendritic arbor tiling, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam)\nand Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX). Deletion of either gene results in continuous growth and overlap of the\naxonal and dendritic arbors of OFF bipolar cells. Based on the continuous ability of OFF bipolar cells to make\nnovel anatomical contacts in the wild type retina, and their ability to connect with previously untargeted cells in\nthe Dscam and Bax null retinas, we hypothesize that activating axon and dendrite outgrowth in OFF\nbipolar cells is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis with targets that would not otherwise be contacted.\nWe test this hypothesis in two specific Aims. Aim 1: we will map normal connectivity patterns of OFF bipolar\ncells in the developing and aging wild type retina and measure how histological changes during OFF bipolar\ncell synapse maturation and aging impact functional synaptic connectivity. Aim 2: we will inducibly delete\nDscam in adult mice using the Cre:ER system to test if activating dendrite and axon outgrowth in a retina that\ndeveloped normally is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis. We will determine if the expanding axonal and\ndendritic arbors that are observed Dscam or Bax null mice establish functional synapses using\nelectrophysiology and 2-photon glutamate imaging. Long-term goals: Our long-term goal is to understand\nhow to activate adult neurons to make novel synapses for use in human therapies.\n Significance: Understanding why adult mammalian neurons lose the ability to make novel synapses is\nimportant because reactivating adult neurons to make new synaptic connections will be critical for regeneration\nand repair in neurological disease. We will test if activation of dendrite and axon outgrowth is sufficient for OFF\nbipolar cells to establish synaptic connections with targets they would not otherwise encounter.
115                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
116                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Candidates and Environment: Dr. Fuerst will conduct anatomical, genetic and morphological\nexperiments related to Aims 1 and 2 at the University of Idaho. Dr. Fuerst's expertise is centered in\ndevelopmental biology and genetics of retinal development. Fuerst identified the first molecules that regulate\nretinal mosaics and developed the genetic reagents for use in these experiments. Dr. Borghuis will carry out\nthe electrophysiological and 2-photon fluorescence imaging experiments of Aims 1 and 2 at the University of\nLouisville. Borghuis discovered that OFF bipolar cells primarily utilize kainate type glutamate receptors and\ndeveloped the iGluSnFR method to monitor bipolar cell synaptic output. Dr. Borghuis has also developed the\ncomputational tools for analyzing imaging data, an established strength of his lab. Research Proposal:\nDeveloping neurons readily extend axons and dendrites and make novel synaptic connections, but this ability\nis severely limited in the adult brain. In our preliminary studies we find evidence that synaptogenesis by retinal\nbipolar cells is controlled by regulating axons and dendrite growth: while new synapses appear to form, they\nare restricted to the territory occupied by the bipolar cells' axons and dendrites. We have identified two genes\nthat regulate bipolar cell axonal and dendritic arbor tiling, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam)\nand Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX). Deletion of either gene results in continuous growth and overlap of the\naxonal and dendritic arbors of OFF bipolar cells. Based on the continuous ability of OFF bipolar cells to make\nnovel anatomical contacts in the wild type retina, and their ability to connect with previously untargeted cells in\nthe Dscam and Bax null retinas, we hypothesize that activating axon and dendrite outgrowth in OFF\nbipolar cells is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis with targets that would not otherwise be contacted.\nWe test this hypothesis in two specific Aims. Aim 1: we will map normal connectivity patterns of OFF bipolar\ncells in the developing and aging wild type retina and measure how histological changes during OFF bipolar\ncell synapse maturation and aging impact functional synaptic connectivity. Aim 2: we will inducibly delete\nDscam in adult mice using the Cre:ER system to test if activating dendrite and axon outgrowth in a retina that\ndeveloped normally is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis. We will determine if the expanding axonal and\ndendritic arbors that are observed Dscam or Bax null mice establish functional synapses using\nelectrophysiology and 2-photon glutamate imaging. Long-term goals: Our long-term goal is to understand\nhow to activate adult neurons to make novel synapses for use in human therapies.\n Significance: Understanding why adult mammalian neurons lose the ability to make novel synapses is\nimportant because reactivating adult neurons to make new synaptic connections will be critical for regeneration\nand repair in neurological disease. We will test if activation of dendrite and axon outgrowth is sufficient for OFF\nbipolar cells to establish synaptic connections with targets they would not otherwise encounter.
117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
118                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
119                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PROJECT SUMMARY\nEffective therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic or drug-resistant cancer remain an unmet\nmedical need. The emerging oncolytic virotherapy, seeking to exploit the use of replication-competent\nviruses to destroy cancers, represents a unique strategy and holds great promise for cancer therapy.\nClinical activities related to this method have increased considerably in the past decade; many trials are\nongoing or have been completed using oncolytic viruses. Although several trials showed great promise\nwhen viruses were injected directly into tumor nodules leading to significant tumor shrinkage, systemic\nintravenous delivery is required for treatment of metastatic cancer, where tumor nodules are spread\nwidely around the body. However, many oncolytic viruses which are effective when administrated\nintratumorally lack anticancer efficacy when administrated intravenously. The key reason for this is the\nrapid clearance of the viruses from the blood circulation via the immune system before they reach tumor\nsites. For oncolytic virotherapy, an adequate amount of intravenous virus delivery is critical for\ntherapeutic success. To be effective, oncolytic viruses for systemic intravenous delivery need to possess\nadequate stability in blood to selectively target cancer cells and elicit tumor oncolysis. According to\npublished accounts, CD47 self-marker protein with high expression on the surface of red blood cells and\ncancer cells was demonstrated to be a repressor of macrophage phagocytosis. In this study, we propose\nto conjugate the CD47-streptavidin fusion protein onto biotinylated viruses via biotin-streptavidin\naffinity. Various concentrations of soluble recombinant CD47-streptavidin fusion protein will be\nproduced and quantitatively tethered on viruses that are biotinylated. The interaction of CD47-tagged\nviruses and macrophages will be investigated to understand the potential roles of CD47 in the regulation\nof immune evasion of functionalized viruses. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol will be conjugated along\nwith CD47 protein to prevent phagocytosis and serum inactivation of functionalized viruses. In addition\nto its antiphagocytic feature, CD47 protein conjugated on the virus will act as a ligand specifically\ntargeted for tumor cells that are highly expressed with αvβ3 integrins. The proposed strategy on labeling\nthe model virus with CD47 protein and polyethylene glycol can be employed to various types of\noncolytic enveloped viruses which are expected to have extended stability in blood circulation, thereby\nallowing for more efficient site-binding via αvβ3 integrin and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy.
120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PROJECT SUMMARY\nEffective therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic or drug-resistant cancer remain an unmet\nmedical need. The emerging oncolytic virotherapy, seeking to exploit the use of replication-competent\nviruses to destroy cancers, represents a unique strategy and holds great promise for cancer therapy.\nClinical activities related to this method have increased considerably in the past decade; many trials are\nongoing or have been completed using oncolytic viruses. Although several trials showed great promise\nwhen viruses were injected directly into tumor nodules leading to significant tumor shrinkage, systemic\nintravenous delivery is required for treatment of metastatic cancer, where tumor nodules are spread\nwidely around the body. However, many oncolytic viruses which are effective when administrated\nintratumorally lack anticancer efficacy when administrated intravenously. The key reason for this is the\nrapid clearance of the viruses from the blood circulation via the immune system before they reach tumor\nsites. For oncolytic virotherapy, an adequate amount of intravenous virus delivery is critical for\ntherapeutic success. To be effective, oncolytic viruses for systemic intravenous delivery need to possess\nadequate stability in blood to selectively target cancer cells and elicit tumor oncolysis. According to\npublished accounts, CD47 self-marker protein with high expression on the surface of red blood cells and\ncancer cells was demonstrated to be a repressor of macrophage phagocytosis. In this study, we propose\nto conjugate the CD47-streptavidin fusion protein onto biotinylated viruses via biotin-streptavidin\naffinity. Various concentrations of soluble recombinant CD47-streptavidin fusion protein will be\nproduced and quantitatively tethered on viruses that are biotinylated. The interaction of CD47-tagged\nviruses and macrophages will be investigated to understand the potential roles of CD47 in the regulation\nof immune evasion of functionalized viruses. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol will be conjugated along\nwith CD47 protein to prevent phagocytosis and serum inactivation of functionalized viruses. In addition\nto its antiphagocytic feature, CD47 protein conjugated on the virus will act as a ligand specifically\ntargeted for tumor cells that are highly expressed with αvβ3 integrins. The proposed strategy on labeling\nthe model virus with CD47 protein and polyethylene glycol can be employed to various types of\noncolytic enveloped viruses which are expected to have extended stability in blood circulation, thereby\nallowing for more efficient site-binding via αvβ3 integrin and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy.
121                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ABSTRACT\nInfections caused by parasitic protozoa, including the organisms Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica,\nare categorized as neglected diseases of poverty. These infections have been associated with more than 50\nmillion cases of intestinal dysentery and an estimated 70-100,000 deaths per year. Additionally, there has been\na notable rise in chronic infections from parasites that are refractory to standard antibiotic treatments, further\nunderscoring the need to develop new anti-parasitics with novel targets. The objective of this study is to\ndevelop small molecule inhibitors of the two Giardia-specific 5' Methylthioadenosine nucleosidases\n(MTNs) and demonstrate their in vitro antibiotic efficacy against Giardia intestinalis. MTN is unique to\nmicrobe methionine and purine salvage pathways and is not found in humans. This enzyme is responsible for\nthe catabolism of 5' Methylthioadenosine (MTA), a growth inhibitory nucleoside that is the byproduct of S-\nadenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent polyamine synthesis and other SAM-dependent reactions. MTN is\nrequired to salvage sulfur and purine constituents of MTA that the parasites cannot synthesize de novo. In prior\nresearch we characterized the two parasite MTNs and showed that MTN inhibitors are effective anti-parasitic\nagents in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that anti-MTN drugs exert their anti-parasitic effect by depleting\nessential polyamine and purine pools. To accelerate the rate of drug development, experiments described in\nAim 1 of this proposal will synthesize and characterize a library of MTN SMIs based on two recently identified\nlead compounds. The ability of drug candidates to exhibit anti-MTN activity in vitro will be assessed using an\nestablished spectrophotometric enzyme assay. Specificity of the drug candidates will be explored by testing\nactivity against the human enzyme MTAP. Experiments in Aim 2 will further screen compounds showing\npromising enzyme inhibitory activity for in vitro anti-parasitic activity against cultures of Giardia intestinalis.\nSynergy studies will be employed to explore the ability of identified drug candidates to promote sensitivity to the\nestablished anti-parasitic agent metronidazole. The mechanism of action of MTN SMIs developed as part of this\nstudy will be assessed by monitoring global changes in the cellular proteomic and metabolomic composition via\nLC-MS experiments. All of the experiments described here will involve undergraduate researchers, who\nhave been responsible for generation of most of the preliminary data presented in this proposal. These\nstudents are drawn from both Boise State University and the College of Idaho as part of an long term\ncollaboration between the principle investigators that provides innovative multidisciplinary training to 15-20\nundergraduates per year in biomedical research. Ultimately, these experiments will help establish MTN as a\nfavorable therapeutic target and aid in the development of a new class of antibiotics to treat parasitic\ngastrointestinal disease.
122                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Equipment for Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Genome by 3D Orbital Tracking\nProject Summary\n Our goal is to develop 3D orbital tracking, a powerful single-molecule fluorescence fluctuation\ntechnique, to measure the timing of gene activation, splicing, and genome organization at an active gene in\nliving cells. By scanning a laser in a circle around a fluorescently labeled site of transcription in a confocal\nmicroscope, we can measure fluorescence intensity at high speed for a very long time in living cells. By\nfluorescent labeling, DNA, RNA, and protein factors in different colors, we can monitor complex assembly,\ntranscription, splicing, and termination of RNA and the proximity of distal DNA elements like enhancers in the\nliving genome.\nLooking at nature in a new way, or with a novel tool, often reveals previously unknown details. This proposal\ndescribes such a project. Although much work has been done to study transcription, splicing, and termination\nof RNA, they have yet to be able to characterize a complete kinetic profile of how the RNA is synthesized from\na gene and then released or when splicing occurs. With such a tool, we may see much that was previously\ninvisible. We can begin to discern complex biochemical reactions that can only be measured in living cells.\nThis research project will support interdisciplinary undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral trainees, who will\nlearn advanced techniques in genome biology and single-molecule imaging, shedding new light on the\nspatiotemporal dynamics of transcription and splicing. Project members will participate in activities to broaden\nthe participation of underrepresented groups in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology.
123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The expression of genetic information depends on the fate of RNA transcripts. In Eukaryotic cells, this\nfate is determined by the successful execution of several processes, including transcription (initiation, elongation,\nand release) splicing, nuclear export and degradation. These processes are not independent in space or time.\nThe rate and completion of any one process may influence that of another, and kinetic studies conducted on\nisolated components can be misleading or incomplete. Unfortunately, the coordinated kinetics of RNA processing\nevents remains poorly understood primarily due to a lack of experiments that can either reproduce it in vitro or\nvisualize it in vivo.\n The main goal of our research is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of\nthe living genome. Our main tool is live cell single molecule fluorescence microscopy. By fluorescently labeling\nprotein and RNA molecules and DNA elements within living cells we can determine the spatiotemporal\nrelationships between them that govern gene expression and RNA splicing at an active gene in a living cell. Our\nmost recent work has measured the timing of gene activation by the transcription factor Glucocorticoid receptor\nafter binding to dexamethasone and the temporal coordination of transcription[1,2] and splicing of intron 2 of a\nhuman beta globin reporter gene[3]. We do this using novel single molecule approaches and cutting edge live\ncell single molecule fluorescence microscopy. Our methods are based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy\nwhich utilizes high temporal resolution to characterize changes in fluorescence intensity at a location in space\nand time and relates that to molecular concentrations, interactions and dwelltime using physical and\ncomputational models. Models are tested using Bayesian inference criterion.\n This research will directly benefit patients suffering from SARS, Breast cancer, AML and hairy cell\nleukemia's by showing the molecular mechanism leading to disease and clinical outcomes. It will also open new\nresearch avenues into the molecular basis of neurological and muscle diseases with origins in alternative splicing\nmis regulation such as Parkinson's disease, Autism, ALS and Cardiomyopathies.
124                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The expression of genetic information depends on the fate of RNA transcripts. In Eukaryotic cells, this\nfate is determined by the successful execution of several processes, including transcription (initiation,\nelongation, and release) splicing, nuclear export and degradation. These processes are not independent in\nspace or time. The rate and completion of any one process may influence that of another, and kinetic studies\nconducted on isolated components can be misleading or incomplete. Unfortunately, the coordinated kinetics of\nRNA processing events remains poorly understood primarily due to a lack of experiments that can either\nreproduce it in vitro(6) or visualize it in vivo(1). In addition, a lack of experimental techniques has limited our\nability to understand the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in Eukaryotic cells.\n This research will use state of the art fluorescence microscopy (See Figure 1) to determine the\ncomplete kinetic profile of RNA processing events and correlate them with splicing factor dynamics. To\novercome previous temporal limitations, we will combine 3D orbital tracking(7, 8) microscopy and a newly\ndeveloped fluorescent labeling strategy that allows simultaneous visualization of introns, exons and splicing\nfactors inside of living cells. This will allow us to follow the fate of individual Eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecules as\nthey undergo transcription, splicing, and decay, in real time and enable complete kinetic characterization of the\nsynthesis and processing of individual RNA molecules as well as single molecule temporal correlation of\nsplicing factor binding to RNA or neighboring regions of DNA. In previous work, due to the rapid\nphotobleaching of cells, 10-20 measurements were averaged together to determine transcriptional and splicing\nkinetics(1). With 3D orbital tracking, the information garnered in three previous experiments on two separate\nmicroscopes will be available in a single cell measurement at a 100 times higher sampling rate. This higher\nsampling rate will also allow measurement of splicing factor binding allowing us to determine the molecular\nmechanism of a splicing factor mutation found to occur in multiple human cancers(3-5, 9).\nThe project will utilize novel time resolved microscopy techniques based on fluorescence correlation\nspectroscopy cutting across traditional boundaries of computational physics, optics and cell biology. It will\nimplement recent advances in microscopy in new ways to visualize fundamental spatiotemporal processes\ninvolved in epigenetic regulation at the single molecule level in living cells. This research will directly benefit\npatients suffering from AML, hairy cell leukemia's by showing the molecular mechanism leading to disease. It\nwill also open new research avenues into the molecular basis of neurological and muscle diseases with origins\nin alternative splicing misregulation such as Parkinson's disease, Autism, ALS and Cardomyopathies(10)
125                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Abstract\n This project pursues the fundamental nature of the relationship between the early ocular\nvasculature (blood vessels and blood supply) and the developing neural retina. Although much\nis known regarding disorders related to the pathological persistence of the hyaloid vasculature\nin mammals, and pathologies involving the retinal vasculature, the developmental importance of\nthe early ocular vasculature for the developing structures of the eye remains unknown and\nunstudied. Filling this knowledge gap will have tremendous impact. Abnormalities of the ocular\nvasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in numerous retinal diseases.\nAccess to a blood supply, and specific roles for endothelial cells are known to exist within other\ndeveloping systems, and results from a small number of published developmental gain-of-\nfunction studies (those which increase vessel development) suggest a role for the early ocular\nvasculature in regulating development of the adjacent neural retina. In addition, studies using\nco-culture models suggest that direct cellular contact of neural progenitors with endothelial cells\ninfluenced neural stem cell proliferation and retinal cell differentiation. Our published and\npreliminary data provide further evidence that a regulatory relationship exists and is required in\nthe developing eye in vivo, such that the early ocular vasculature must be present for normal\nretinal neurogenesis, and this requirement is not strictly metabolic. We now propose to discover\nthe specific role of vascular endothelial cells in the control of retinal neurogenesis.\n Our objective in this application is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms\nunderlying retinal abnormalities in embryonic zebrafish models for vascular dysgenesis. The\nembryonic zebrafish is ideal for these studies because the tissues are not yet dependent upon\ncirculating hemoglobin for oxygenation, thus allowing innovative experimental manipulations of\nthe vasculature that uncover non-metabolic, developmental roles for the vasculature. We\npropose to test the hypothesis that factors derived from the endothelial cells of the early ocular\nvasculature are necessary for normal retinal neurogenesis, by pursuit of two Specific Aims. 1.\nDefine the roles of circulating vs. local endothelial cell-derived factors in regulating retinal\nneurogenesis and gliogenesis. 2. Identify regulatory targets of endothelial-derived factors.\n This project will lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying endothelial-\nderived and circulation-derived factors and understanding their roles in retinal stem cell niches\nin embryonic eyes, regions of persistent neurogenesis, during retinal regeneration, and in\nvascular pathologies of the retina.
126                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Abstract\n This project pursues the fundamental nature of the relationship between the early ocular\nvasculature (blood vessels and blood supply) and the developing neural retina. Although much\nis known regarding disorders related to the pathological persistence of the hyaloid vasculature\nin mammals, and pathologies involving the retinal vasculature, the developmental importance of\nthe early ocular vasculature for the developing structures of the eye remains unknown and\nunstudied. Filling this knowledge gap will have tremendous impact. Abnormalities of the ocular\nvasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in numerous retinal diseases.\nAccess to a blood supply, and specific roles for endothelial cells are known to exist within other\ndeveloping systems, and results from a small number of published developmental gain-of-\nfunction studies (those which increase vessel development) suggest a role for the early ocular\nvasculature in regulating development of the adjacent neural retina. In addition, studies using\nco-culture models suggest that direct cellular contact of neural progenitors with endothelial cells\ninfluenced neural stem cell proliferation and retinal cell differentiation. Our published and\npreliminary data provide further evidence that a regulatory relationship exists and is required in\nthe developing eye in vivo, such that the early ocular vasculature must be present for normal\nretinal neurogenesis, and this requirement is not strictly metabolic. We now propose to discover\nthe specific role of vascular endothelial cells in the control of retinal neurogenesis.\n Our objective in this application is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms\nunderlying retinal abnormalities in embryonic zebrafish models for vascular dysgenesis. The\nembryonic zebrafish is ideal for these studies because the tissues are not yet dependent upon\ncirculating hemoglobin for oxygenation, thus allowing innovative experimental manipulations of\nthe vasculature that uncover non-metabolic, developmental roles for the vasculature. We\npropose to test the hypothesis that factors derived from the endothelial cells of the early ocular\nvasculature are necessary for normal retinal neurogenesis, by pursuit of two Specific Aims. 1.\nDefine the roles of circulating vs. local endothelial cell-derived factors in regulating retinal\nneurogenesis and gliogenesis. 2. Identify regulatory targets of endothelial-derived factors.\n This project will lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying endothelial-\nderived and circulation-derived factors and understanding their roles in retinal stem cell niches\nin embryonic eyes, regions of persistent neurogenesis, during retinal regeneration, and in\nvascular pathologies of the retina.
127                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):  The use of transgenic mosquitoes in an integrated malaria control strategy will require mosquitoes that completely block parasite development, yet remain competitive with wild mosquito populations. Manipulation of key signaling cascades regulating both immunity and fitness represents a novel approach to achieving this goal. In mosquitoes and other model invertebrates, the midgut functions as a center for insulin/insulin growth factor signaling (IIS), which controls immunity, lifespan, metabolism, and reproduction. The effects of midgut IIS are largely mediated through mitochondrial dynamics and activity, defined as mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, and clearance of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. In invertebrates and mammals, IIS- dependent mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial metabolism regulate a wide range of important physiologies, including epithelial barrier integrity, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, lifespan and immunity, indicating tha this regulation is fundamental in living organisms. Through our work with Anopheles stephensi, we discovered that manipulation of IIS in the midgut alters the critical balance of mitochondrial dynamics and activity, resulting in phenotypic changes in mosquito resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection as well as to mosquito lifespan and reproduction. Thus, we propose that IIS-dependent mitochondrial dynamics and activity control "midgut health" in A. stephensi, which underlies the effects of IIS on immunity, lifespan, metabolism, and reproduction. To define how IIS-dependent mitochondrial function regulates these important phenotypes, we will use five distinct treatments - Akt overexpression (increased IIS), PTEN overexpression (decreased IIS), provisioning with human insulin or IGF1, and manipulation of endogenous A. stephensi insulin-like peptides (AsILPs) - to "push and pull" mitochondrial dynamics and activity in the midgut. Specifically, we will define how midgut IIS-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitophagy regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation, epithelial integrity, and cell death processes to control fitness and Plasmodium resistance. From these studies, we will identify and manipulate specific gene targets that directly regulate mitochondrial function to retain parasite resistance while concurrently enhancing mosquito fitness. We will overexpress four of these candidate genes based on our observations and published studies and two candidate genes identified from Aims 1 and 2 in the midgut singly or in pairs. Our goal for this project is to generate highly fit, P. falciparum resistant A. stephensi\nthat can be deployed for malaria control. In the longer term, this transgenic platform could also be additive with other gene drivers and "customized" with anti-parasite effectors for sustainable resistance management.
128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
129                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Each year, millions of people are harmed or killed by pathogens that spill over from wild or\ndomestic animal reservoirs. A new approach to reducing the threat of spillover is to eliminate\nthe pathogen from its animal reservoir using transmissible vaccines that move from animal to\nanimal providing immunity to the pathogen as they go. Transmissible vaccines reduce the\nvaccination effort required for pathogen control within animal reservoirs and allow the vaccine\nto penetrate remote reservoir habitats where direct vaccination is impossible. Bringing this\nrevolutionary idea to fruition requires that we engineer vaccines that simultaneously: 1)\ntransmit efficiently from animal to animal, 2) stimulate a robust immune response to the target\npathogen, and 3) maintain their integrity in the face of evolutionary pressures. This project will\ndevelop mathematical models that predict how these traits of the vaccine emerge from the\ninterplay between vaccine replication and the animal’s immune response. These models will be\nparameterized and validated using laboratory studies of prototype transmissible vaccines that\nuse murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as a vector backbone. We focus on MCMV as a vector\nbecause it is highly species specific, capable of superinfection, and provides a model for vaccine\ndevelopment across murine rodents that serve as important reservoirs for a wide range of\nhuman pathogens. The models will be validated using experiments with immune depleted mice\nthat challenge their ability to explain both pattern and process. Work on this project capitalizes\non an existing collaboration between experts in mathematical modeling, viral evolution, and\nmurine cytomegalovirus.
133                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms of PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles, macromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-synuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves preclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD. Recently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary investigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in HeLa cells. To overcome these limitations we have performed an unbiased screen using mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNA seq) to identify key protein interactors and pathways in a widely-used cellular model of PD. We have discovered that VPS35 protein interactors show a high enrichment for RNA- binding proteins including several known or suspected to be causal for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, the D620N mutation resulted in a dramatic decrease in RNA-binding protein interaction. From our screen, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) and Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) have emerged as lead candidates for mediating VPS35 D620N autophagy dysfunction. Based upon RNA-binding protein interaction, we examined the transcriptome of VPS35 WT and D620N cells and found changes indicative of alterations in RNA metabolism and autophagy. We hypothesize that VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy and causes cell death by regulating RNA metabolism through RNA-binding protein activity. We propose testing our hypothesis by determining if autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration by VPS35 D620N is caused by altered RNA-binding protein activity and establish that VPS35 D620N causes transcriptome changes that facilitate autophagy dysfunction.
134                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Retinal degenerative diseases and retinal trauma in humans cause progressive loss of retinal neurons and result in decreased visual function, in part because the mammalian retina does not intrinsically respond to the loss of neurons through the generation of replacement neurons. The NEI recently declared its Audacious Goal, to "regenerate neurons and neural connections in the eye and visual system." This goal may be accomplished by developing strategies for activating endogenous retinal cells to manifest regenerative properties, and/or by transplanting replacement retinal neurons or their progenitors from exogenous sources. Challenges to achieving this Audacious Goal include identification of mechanisms for the activation of endogenous cells in mammals, establishment of retinal progenitors such that the missing neurons are replaced in correct numbers and ratios, and importantly for the present R21 application, integration of new neurons into retinal circuitry through the establishment of appropriate synaptic connections. The zebrafish has emerged as a critical model system for gaining knowledge of the retinal regenerative process - knowledge required for applying regenerative strategies to the mammalian retina. Our prior studies indicated that the regenerated retina of the zebrafish functionally supports basic reflexes and place preference behaviors, despite disorganization of the regenerated retinal laminae and failure of regenerated retina to re-establish normal two- dimensional patterns of retinal neurons within each lamina. These studies suggest that regenerating retinal neurons may "re-wire" themselves accurately even in the disrupted environment of the damaged and regenerating retina. Ultimately it will be important to understand the mechanisms through which re-wiring of retinal circuitry takes place. However, before we pursue any mechanisms it is necessary to generate a more complete picture of the re-wiring process during regeneration and the extent of successful recapitulation of native synaptic connections. In this R21 application we therefore propose a detailed study of the synaptic connections in undamaged, regenerating, and regenerated retinas of the zebrafish. We will focus on connectomes of retinal bipolar cells, thus permitting the analysis of inner and outer retinal circuitry, through the innovative use of several\ngenetic and molecular tools available for the visualization of this retinal cell type and its synapses. Two hypotheses will be tested: 1) that retinal bipolar cell connectomes of regenerated retina recapitulate those of undamaged adult retina; and 2) that neurite reorganization is associated with accurate re- wiring during retinal regeneration.
135                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Retinal degenerative diseases and retinal trauma in humans cause progressive loss of retinal neurons and result in decreased visual function, in part because the mammalian retina does not intrinsically respond to the loss of neurons through the generation of replacement neurons. The NEI recently declared its Audacious Goal, to "regenerate neurons and neural connections in the eye and visual system." This goal may be accomplished by developing strategies for activating endogenous retinal cells to manifest regenerative properties, and/or by transplanting replacement retinal neurons or their progenitors from exogenous sources. Challenges to achieving this Audacious Goal include identification of mechanisms for the activation of endogenous cells in mammals, establishment of retinal progenitors such that the missing neurons are replaced in correct numbers and ratios, and importantly for the present R21 application, integration of new neurons into retinal circuitry through the establishment of appropriate synaptic connections. The zebrafish has emerged as a critical model system for gaining knowledge of the retinal regenerative process - knowledge required for applying regenerative strategies to the mammalian retina. Our prior studies indicated that the regenerated retina of the zebrafish functionally supports basic reflexes and place preference behaviors, despite disorganization of the regenerated retinal laminae and failure of regenerated retina to re-establish normal two- dimensional patterns of retinal neurons within each lamina. These studies suggest that regenerating retinal neurons may "re-wire" themselves accurately even in the disrupted environment of the damaged and regenerating retina. Ultimately it will be important to understand the mechanisms through which re-wiring of retinal circuitry takes place. However, before we pursue any mechanisms it is necessary to generate a more complete picture of the re-wiring process during regeneration and the extent of successful recapitulation of native synaptic connections. In this R21 application we therefore propose a detailed study of the synaptic connections in undamaged, regenerating, and regenerated retinas of the zebrafish. We will focus on connectomes of retinal bipolar cells, thus permitting the analysis of inner and outer retinal circuitry, through the innovative use of several\r\ngenetic and molecular tools available for the visualization of this retinal cell type and its synapses. Two hypotheses will be tested: 1) that retinal bipolar cell connectomes of regenerated retina recapitulate those of undamaged adult retina; and 2) that neurite reorganization is associated with accurate re- wiring during retinal regeneration.   \r\n   \r\n
136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms pose special challenges to treating bacterial infections and therefore therapeutic strategies that combat bacterial virulence without aggravating drug resistance are in great demand. Gram-negative bacteria use acyl- homoserine lactone mediated quorum sensing to regulate key physiological activities that includes virulence, biofilm formation and toxin production. Bacterial\r\nAHL synthases use acyl- ACP and S-adenosyl-L- methionine to make intracellular AHL autoinducer signals. Although small molecule inhibitors for AHL synthase enzymes hold significant promise as antimicrobials in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections, designig AHL synthase specific inhibitors does remain a significant challenge because both acyl-ACP and SAM are used as substrates by many essential eukaryotic enzymes. To ensure efficient interbacterial communication, signal-synthesizing enzymes such as AHL synthases must precisely make the native signal for that bacterium and avoid synthesizing nonspecific signals (signal fidelity). In this proposal, we will investigate how AHL synthase enzymes selectively recognize their native acyl-substrate from a pool of non-native substrates to enforce signal fidelity in bacterial quorum sensing. In particular, we will determine the extent to which each enzymatic step in AHL synthesis contributes to signal fidelity. Based on our preliminary data with Burkholderia mallei BmaI1 AHL synthase, we hypothesize that acyl-substrate recognition predominantly occurs at [Enzyme.acyl-substrate.SAM] ternary complex. We will test this hypothesis for a broad array of AHL synthase enzymes. The three aims proposed in this application should collectively provide key insights into molecular basis of acyl-ACP substrate recognition by short, medium and long-chain synthases, which will inform the design of AHL synthase specific inhibitors.   \r\n   \r\n
137                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the investigation of the mechanisms behind gene regulation and its impact on diseases, two lines of research have been largely separately carried out in recent years. On the one hand, gene regulatory networks and protein interaction networks have been under extensive study, especially in systems biology, where genetic variation is usually ignored. On the other hand, mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variants have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is therefore of immense interest to understand how genetic variation influences disease through gene regulatory networks. To construct these networks, at least three key pieces of information are important: gene expression, transcription factor binding, and genotypes (especially at expression quantitative trait loci; that is, eQTLs). In particular, the later two enable causal inference in the network construction, although how to use them in a probabilistic and rigorous way has not been systematically explored. With my extensive experience in Bayesian statistics, I aim to develop statistical models and efficient computational strategies, drawing on recent advances in graphical models and causal inference, to construct causal regulatory networks involving genetic variation and TF binding. I will use breast cancer as a disease model and apply the proposed methodologies to different subtypes. Topological features of the inferred regulatory networks may suggest potentially different mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes. With the proposed research, I will not only develop general analysis methodologies to integrate various types of high-throughput genomics data and provide open-source software, but also establish their relevance to disease studies. With solid training in theoretical and applied statistics, as well as extensive experience collaborating with experimental biologists and working with a variety of biological data, I aim to make the transition\nfrom a statistician to a computational biologist and to become an independent investigator. I aspire to be not only an expert in developing sophisticated and rigorous statistical models and supplementing these models with efficient algorithms, but also a scientist capable of generating and testing my own hypotheses, either by myself or in collaboration with experimental biologists. The proposed K99/R00 award, involving one year of the mentored phase and three years of the independent phase, would greatly facilitate this transition, providing the unique opportunity for me to gain not only experience in genomic research in human, but also skills and experience in the wet lab, such that I can conduct some experiments on my own and eventually run an independent lab that focuses on computational research but also allows for experimental exploration.
138                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the investigation of the mechanisms behind gene regulation and its impact on diseases, two lines of research have been largely separately carried out in recent years. On the one hand, gene regulatory networks and protein interaction networks have been under extensive study, especially in systems biology, where genetic variation is usually ignored. On the other hand, mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variants have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is therefore of immense interest to understand how genetic variation influences disease through gene regulatory networks. To construct these networks, at least three key pieces of information are important: gene expression, transcription factor binding, and genotypes (especially at expression quantitative trait loci; that is, eQTLs). In particular, the later two enable causal inference in the network construction, although how to use them in a probabilistic and rigorous way has not been systematically explored. With my extensive experience in Bayesian statistics, I aim to develop statistical models and efficient computational strategies, drawing on recent advances in graphical models and causal inference, to construct causal regulatory networks involving genetic variation and TF binding. I will use breast cancer as a disease model and apply the proposed methodologies to different subtypes. Topological features of the inferred regulatory networks may suggest potentially different mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes. With the proposed research, I will not only develop general analysis methodologies to integrate various types of high-throughput genomics data and provide open-source software, but also establish their relevance to disease studies. With solid training in theoretical and applied statistics, as well as extensive experience collaborating with experimental biologists and working with a variety of biological data, I aim to make the transition\nfrom a statistician to a computational biologist and to become an independent investigator. I aspire to be not only an expert in developing sophisticated and rigorous statistical models and supplementing these models with efficient algorithms, but also a scientist capable of generating and testing my own hypotheses, either by myself or in collaboration with experimental biologists. The proposed K99/R00 award, involving one year of the mentored phase and three years of the independent phase, would greatly facilitate this transition, providing the unique opportunity for me to gain not only experience in genomic research in human, but also skills and experience in the wet lab, such that I can conduct some experiments on my own and eventually run an independent lab that focuses on computational research but also allows for experimental exploration.
139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the investigation of the mechanisms behind gene regulation and its impact on diseases, two lines of research have been largely separately carried out in recent years. On the one hand, gene regulatory networks and protein interaction networks have been under extensive study, especially in systems biology, where genetic variation is usually ignored. On the other hand, mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variants have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is therefore of immense interest to understand how genetic variation influences disease through gene regulatory networks. To construct these networks, at least three key pieces of information are important: gene expression, transcription factor binding, and genotypes (especially at expression quantitative trait loci; that is, eQTLs). In particular, the later two enable causal inference in the network construction, although how to use them in a probabilistic and rigorous way has not been systematically explored. With my extensive experience in Bayesian statistics, I aim to develop statistical models and efficient computational strategies, drawing on recent advances in graphical models and causal inference, to construct causal regulatory networks involving genetic variation and TF binding. I will use breast cancer as a disease model and apply the proposed methodologies to different subtypes. Topological features of the inferred regulatory networks may suggest potentially different mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes. With the proposed research, I will not only develop general analysis methodologies to integrate various types of high-throughput genomics data and provide open-source software, but also establish their relevance to disease studies. With solid training in theoretical and applied statistics, as well as extensive experience collaborating with experimental biologists and working with a variety of biological data, I aim to make the transition\nfrom a statistician to a computational biologist and to become an independent investigator. I aspire to be not only an expert in developing sophisticated and rigorous statistical models and supplementing these models with efficient algorithms, but also a scientist capable of generating and testing my own hypotheses, either by myself or in collaboration with experimental biologists. The proposed K99/R00 award, involving one year of the mentored phase and three years of the independent phase, would greatly facilitate this transition, providing the unique opportunity for me to gain not only experience in genomic research in human, but also skills and experience in the wet lab, such that I can conduct some experiments on my own and eventually run an independent lab that focuses on computational research but also allows for experimental exploration.
140                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications and safety procedures Abstract / Summary: Logging is among the most dangerous professions in the United States. This project includes new, innovative basic and applied research evaluating the utilization of digital geofences, coupled with new, low-cost, multi transmitter, integrated Global Positioning System-Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) radio communications systems to define and monitor safe working zones for heavy equipment and ground workers in active logging operations. This is a novel research field pioneered by the Principal Investigators at the University of Idaho. The research has substantial, documented interest and support among logging contractors, forest industry, and heavy equipment producers throughout the western United States (see letters of support). $824,046 is requested, and with those funds we propose to a conduct a series of high quality, replicated field experiments stemming from our experience with pilot studies evaluating GPS- VHF for logging safety applications on active timber sales. The field experiments and evaluation of real-time processing methods will characterize the accuracy, acceptable uses, and limitations of GPS-VHF for logging safety in remote forest environments. Additionally, we will develop a new, expensive, ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) to improve the accuracy of GPS-VHF logging safety systems used in remote environments to <2 m. Two master's students and one Ph.D. student will be trained as part of this initiative. The new safety applications we will evaluate will be based on the results of key informant interviews and a survey conducted with logging contractors. A social science research associate will participate in the field studies and analysis, and will take the lead on the social science data collection and analysis to understand stakeholders' perceptions of safety hazards and safety improvement priorities for logging operations. Educational materials will be developed by University of Idaho Extension Forestry, and will be presented to logging contractors and other stakeholders as part of the Idaho Logger Education to Advance Professionalism (LEAP) logger certification program and through a series of workshops on the UI Experimental Forest. This proposal addresses three NIOSH cross-sector areas: Traumatic Injury, Prevention Through Design, Engineering Controls, and Personal Protective Technology.   \r\n   \r\n
141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications and safety procedures Abstract / Summary: Logging is among the most dangerous professions in the United States. This project includes new, innovative basic and applied research evaluating the utilization of digital geofences, coupled with new, low-cost, multi transmitter, integrated Global Positioning System-Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) radio communications systems to define and monitor safe working zones for heavy equipment and ground workers in active logging operations. This is a novel research field pioneered by the Principal Investigators at the University of Idaho. The research has substantial, documented interest and support among logging contractors, forest industry, and heavy equipment producers throughout the western United States (see letters of support). $824,046 is requested, and with those funds we propose to a conduct a series of high quality, replicated field experiments stemming from our experience with pilot studies evaluating GPS- VHF for logging safety applications on active timber sales. The field experiments and evaluation of real-time processing methods will characterize the accuracy, acceptable uses, and limitations of GPS-VHF for logging safety in remote forest environments. Additionally, we will develop a new, expensive, ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) to improve the accuracy of GPS-VHF logging safety systems used in remote environments to <2 m. Two master's students and one Ph.D. student will be trained as part of this initiative. The new safety applications we will evaluate will be based on the results of key informant interviews and a survey conducted with logging contractors. A social science research associate will participate in the field studies and analysis, and will take the lead on the social science data collection and analysis to understand stakeholders' perceptions of safety hazards and safety improvement priorities for logging operations. Educational materials will be developed by University of Idaho Extension Forestry, and will be presented to logging contractors and other stakeholders as part of the Idaho Logger Education to Advance Professionalism (LEAP) logger certification program and through a series of workshops on the UI Experimental Forest. This proposal addresses three NIOSH cross-sector areas: Traumatic Injury, Prevention Through Design, Engineering Controls, and Personal Protective Technology.   \r\n   \r\n
142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications and safety procedures Abstract / Summary: Logging is among the most dangerous professions in the United States. This project includes new, innovative basic and applied research evaluating the utilization of digital geofences, coupled with new, low-cost, multi transmitter, integrated Global Positioning System-Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) radio communications systems to define and monitor safe working zones for heavy equipment and ground workers in active logging operations. This is a novel research field pioneered by the Principal Investigators at the University of Idaho. The research has substantial, documented interest and support among logging contractors, forest industry, and heavy equipment producers throughout the western United States (see letters of support). $824,046 is requested, and with those funds we propose to a conduct a series of high quality, replicated field experiments stemming from our experience with pilot studies evaluating GPS- VHF for logging safety applications on active timber sales. The field experiments and evaluation of real-time processing methods will characterize the accuracy, acceptable uses, and limitations of GPS-VHF for logging safety in remote forest environments. Additionally, we will develop a new, expensive, ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) to improve the accuracy of GPS-VHF logging safety systems used in remote environments to <2 m. Two master's students and one Ph.D. student will be trained as part of this initiative. The new safety applications we will evaluate will be based on the results of key informant interviews and a survey conducted with logging contractors. A social science research associate will participate in the field studies and analysis, and will take the lead on the social science data collection and analysis to understand stakeholders' perceptions of safety hazards and safety improvement priorities for logging operations. Educational materials will be developed by University of Idaho Extension Forestry, and will be presented to logging contractors and other stakeholders as part of the Idaho Logger Education to Advance Professionalism (LEAP) logger certification program and through a series of workshops on the UI Experimental Forest. This proposal addresses three NIOSH cross-sector areas: Traumatic Injury, Prevention Through Design, Engineering Controls, and Personal Protective Technology.   \r\n   \r\n
143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho.   \r\n   \r\n
144                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
145                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
147                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho.   \r\n   \r\n
148                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females. Early detection of breast tumors is critical to\nincreasing the survival of women diagnosed with this disease. Accurate computer-aided detection of breast\ntumors could improve early detection but requires segmentation, a process that provides the precise tumor\nlocation, size, boundary, and shape. Existing breast tumor segmentation approaches are sensitive to small\nchanges in image quality (e.g., intensity, contrast, noise, artifacts), limiting their application in early detection of\nbreast cancer. The goal of the proposed project is to overcome current limitations by building tumor\nsegmentation methodologies that are robust to variations of image quality. We will use breast ultrasound\nimages due to the noninvasive, painless, nonradioactive, and cost-effective nature of the imaging procedure.\nWe propose the following specific aims to achieve this goal. (1) Model human breast anatomy. In clinical\nexamination, the knowledge of breast anatomy helps radiologists distinguish between breast tissues. In this\naim, we will develop a graphical model to represent the spatial relationship of different breast layers and to\nhelp distinguish tumor regions from normal regions. We will develop a new mathematical tool called tissue\nconnectedness for modeling breast anatomy in ultrasound images. Tissue connectedness allows for the\nidentification of different breast tissues and helps distinguish a breast tumor from normal tumor-like regions\n(e.g., artifacts, fat). (2) Model the visual saliency of breast tumors. Visual saliency is a property that makes an\nobject in images stand out from neighboring objects. We will overcome the invalid assumption made in\nprevious approaches that there is at least one tumor in the image by developing a robust model for estimating\nvisual saliency of breast tumors. With the help of this model, we will detect all possible tumor regions that\nwould attract a radiologist’s attention, with no output of salient regions when no tumor exists in an image. (3)\nDevelop a domain-enriched deep learning framework for tumor segmentation. A deep learning-based\nframework will be developed to integrate the output of models from Aims 1 and 2 and will lead to an overall\nmodel that segments breast tumors. We will train and test the approach using 1800 breast ultrasound images\nfrom four medical schools collected using five different ultrasound devices. Seven quantitative metrics will be\napplied to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Discrepancies between\ncomputational and manual tumor segmentation will be used to refine the models. Success of the proposed\nproject will enhance methodologies for robust and reproducible breast ultrasound image segmentation and\nbroaden the use of computer-aided diagnosis for early detection of breast cancer.
149                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
150                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The association between human microbiomes and health has garnered a great deal of scientific and popular\nattention. By allowing rapid and inexpensive characterization of microbial community composition, modern\nsequencing has uncovered enormous microbial diversity. Determining the presence versus absence of microbes\nis insufficient however; we need to understand how dysfunctional microbiomes form and how to repair them. A\ncritical step toward the goal of promoting the assembly of microbial communities that support health is to predict\ntheir temporal dynamics. There remains, however, a critical gap: untangling causation from correlation. Simply\nstated, we are currently unable to interpret the biological and clinical relevance buried within the extreme\ncomplexity of microbial communities. Our long-term goal is to advance microbiome research by a) developing\nnew models that capture causality in microbial interactions; and b) developing tools to interpret the relevance of\nmicrobial interactions for human health. Before the development of data analysis pipelines, we need to establish\ntheoretical underpinnings upon which to base the methods. We have three aims focused on developing such\ntheory. (1) Develop molecule-mediated models of microbial interactions. Existing statistical approaches for\nmodeling the temporal dynamics of microbiomes are built on assumptions that are rarely valid for microbial\ncommunities and thus can be profoundly misleading. Misspecified models may mislead researchers toward poor\nprediction of dynamics, or worse, prescription of a misguided treatment that enhances rather than inhibits a\nmicrobial species of interest—a major problem if the species of interest is a pathogen. We will assess the\npredictive power of statistical time-series models given realistic molecule-mediated interactions in synthetic data\nand develop new statistical methods that account for time-varying interactions. (2) Predict stability of a\nmicrobiome. Even when interactions that govern microbial population dynamics are well estimated, these\ninteractions may not be directly relevant to human health. Rather, we may want to predict higher-level properties\nof a microbiome such as its resilience. Resilience—the ability of a microbiome to maintain and recover function\nin the face of perturbations such as by antibiotics or opportunistic pathogens—is related to the mathematical\nconcept of stability. We will develop new measures to capture the resilience of the microbiome. (3) Predict other\nhigh-level microbiome properties. Often a property of the microbiome in its entirety is of interest, such as the\nability to regulate pH or metabolize a toxin. Borrowing from population genetic theory, we will develop novel\nmathematical models to predict the temporal dynamics of traits associated with the microbiome. Together, these\naims will greatly enhance our understanding and interpretation of the temporal dynamics of microbial\ncommunities, and lay the foundation for our capacity to influence their trajectories toward desired outcomes.\nThis research will provide a critical step in enhancing our ability to assess risk, design synthetic microbial\ncommunities to perform tasks, and manipulate microbiomes to promote health.
151                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
152                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
153                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex diseases often involve changes in DNA sequence, transcription, and epigenetic processes such as\nmethylation. These changes lead to a wide range of symptoms or multiple subtypes of the same disease. In\norder to develop more effective treatments for different disease subtypes, we need to better understand the\ngenes and processes (i.e., transcription and methylation) that drive these differences. Unfortunately,\nidentification of genes and processes that underlie a disease is often compromised by inference based on\ncorrelation, not causation. Our long-term goal is to develop computational methods to infer gene regulatory\nnetworks that are causal for multiple clinical phenotypes using genomic and clinical data of complex diseases.\nIn this project, we will develop and test new statistical approaches to identify regulatory networks involving both\ntranscription and methylation that are potentially causal for disease subtypes. Our strategy is to use the\nprinciple of Mendelian randomization. This assumes that the alleles of a genetic variant are randomly assigned\nto individuals in a population, analogous to a natural perturbation experiment. Whereas most existing methods\nfor studying interactions among genes look at correlation (or association), this principle allows us to separate\ncorrelation due to causation from correlation not due to causation. We will develop our approaches via three\nspecific aims and will use breast cancer as the disease model: (1) Develop a causal network model using\ngenotypes, expression and methylation of single genes. (2) Develop a causal network model to identify\nindividual genes whose transcription or methylation is causal for multiple clinical phenotypes. (3) Develop a\ncausal network model to identify combinations of genes whose transcription or methylation are causal for\nmultiple clinical phenotypes. The models and algorithms developed in this proposal will allow us to make\ncausal statements about the two processes at multiple genes and account for confounding variables, neither of\nwhich has been examined before in similar studies. These models will identify key genes for specific breast\ncancer subtypes and the roles for transcription and methylation when many genes are involved, leading to\nbetter diagnoses and development of novel drug targets.
154                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
155                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females. Early detection of breast tumors is critical to\nincreasing the survival of women diagnosed with this disease. Accurate computer-aided detection of breast\ntumors could improve early detection but requires segmentation, a process that provides the precise tumor\nlocation, size, boundary, and shape. Existing breast tumor segmentation approaches are sensitive to small\nchanges in image quality (e.g., intensity, contrast, noise, artifacts), limiting their application in early detection of\nbreast cancer. The goal of the proposed project is to overcome current limitations by building tumor\nsegmentation methodologies that are robust to variations of image quality. We will use breast ultrasound\nimages due to the noninvasive, painless, nonradioactive, and cost-effective nature of the imaging procedure.\nWe propose the following specific aims to achieve this goal. (1) Model human breast anatomy. In clinical\nexamination, the knowledge of breast anatomy helps radiologists distinguish between breast tissues. In this\naim, we will develop a graphical model to represent the spatial relationship of different breast layers and to\nhelp distinguish tumor regions from normal regions. We will develop a new mathematical tool called tissue\nconnectedness for modeling breast anatomy in ultrasound images. Tissue connectedness allows for the\nidentification of different breast tissues and helps distinguish a breast tumor from normal tumor-like regions\n(e.g., artifacts, fat). (2) Model the visual saliency of breast tumors. Visual saliency is a property that makes an\nobject in images stand out from neighboring objects. We will overcome the invalid assumption made in\nprevious approaches that there is at least one tumor in the image by developing a robust model for estimating\nvisual saliency of breast tumors. With the help of this model, we will detect all possible tumor regions that\nwould attract a radiologist’s attention, with no output of salient regions when no tumor exists in an image. (3)\nDevelop a domain-enriched deep learning framework for tumor segmentation. A deep learning-based\nframework will be developed to integrate the output of models from Aims 1 and 2 and will lead to an overall\nmodel that segments breast tumors. We will train and test the approach using 1800 breast ultrasound images\nfrom four medical schools collected using five different ultrasound devices. Seven quantitative metrics will be\napplied to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Discrepancies between\ncomputational and manual tumor segmentation will be used to refine the models. Success of the proposed\nproject will enhance methodologies for robust and reproducible breast ultrasound image segmentation and\nbroaden the use of computer-aided diagnosis for early detection of breast cancer.
156                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex diseases often involve changes in DNA sequence, transcription, and epigenetic processes such as\nmethylation. These changes lead to a wide range of symptoms or multiple subtypes of the same disease. In\norder to develop more effective treatments for different disease subtypes, we need to better understand the\ngenes and processes (i.e., transcription and methylation) that drive these differences. Unfortunately,\nidentification of genes and processes that underlie a disease is often compromised by inference based on\ncorrelation, not causation. Our long-term goal is to develop computational methods to infer gene regulatory\nnetworks that are causal for multiple clinical phenotypes using genomic and clinical data of complex diseases.\nIn this project, we will develop and test new statistical approaches to identify regulatory networks involving both\ntranscription and methylation that are potentially causal for disease subtypes. Our strategy is to use the\nprinciple of Mendelian randomization. This assumes that the alleles of a genetic variant are randomly assigned\nto individuals in a population, analogous to a natural perturbation experiment. Whereas most existing methods\nfor studying interactions among genes look at correlation (or association), this principle allows us to separate\ncorrelation due to causation from correlation not due to causation. We will develop our approaches via three\nspecific aims and will use breast cancer as the disease model: (1) Develop a causal network model using\ngenotypes, expression and methylation of single genes. (2) Develop a causal network model to identify\nindividual genes whose transcription or methylation is causal for multiple clinical phenotypes. (3) Develop a\ncausal network model to identify combinations of genes whose transcription or methylation are causal for\nmultiple clinical phenotypes. The models and algorithms developed in this proposal will allow us to make\ncausal statements about the two processes at multiple genes and account for confounding variables, neither of\nwhich has been examined before in similar studies. These models will identify key genes for specific breast\ncancer subtypes and the roles for transcription and methylation when many genes are involved, leading to\nbetter diagnoses and development of novel drug targets.
157                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho.   \r\n   \r\n
158                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
159                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho.   \r\n   \r\n
160                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho.   \r\n   \r\n
161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
162                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Modeling efforts for COVID-19 within the US have focused primarily on helping urban centers cope with the\nconsequent health care crisis. The impact of the pandemic on rural communities is still emerging, and these\nareas have not received the same degree of modeling attention. At the same time, rural communities are\ndifferent from urban centers in ways that affect the disease and its dynamics: they have lower densities, are\nmore isolated, have smaller social networks, tend to be poorer and older, and have scant health care\ninfrastructure. Rural communities are also the primary source of food production and natural resource\nextraction in this country. As the pandemic unfolds across the coming months, rural communities will be faced\nwith highly variable circumstances: some will have no infections and be focused on early detection; some will\nhave active cases and be attempting to stop their spread; some will have eliminated active cases and be\nattempting to reopen economic and community activities while guarding against resurgence. Treating all\ncommunities as the same would be foolish. At the local level, decision makers need tools tailored to real\ncommunities: tools that emulate the way people come and go and interact there, tools to consider the most\nrelevant interventions, and tools that account for real variation in how able and willing people will be to comply\nwith possible interventions. At the larger health-district and state level, officials need forecasts of how local\ndecisions, health care infrastructure, and the virus itself will interact to drive the epidemic. The purpose of the\ncurrent proposal is to provide these tools by building a model of COVID-19 for largely rural states that links the\ndynamics within communities together into a statewide network. This will be achieved in three specific aims. In\nAim 1, we develop a predictive epidemiological model of COVID-19 spread and intensity for rural states. This\nwill be done with a spatial, age-structured metapopulation model that relies on differential equations and their\nstochastic extensions. In Aim 2, we evaluate how potential interventions in individual communities affect\noutbreak risk, transmission, access to health care, and intervention efficacy and adoption. Here we combine\nsurveys—of both rural and urban communities in Idaho and several broader regions of the US—to estimate\npatterns of compliance and the motivations behind them. Using these results, we will then use agent-based\nmodels of synthetic communities to simulate interventions. Net effects will be relayed up to the statewide\nmodel. In Aim 3, we provide support for decision making to state public health officials and local policy makers\nin rural communities. This will be done by developing two online graphical interfaces for visualizing forecasts\nand exploring interventions—one high-level application for non-specialists and a second, more sophisticated\nversion, for public health professionals. Education, empowerment, and appreciation of uncertainty will be\nemphasized. Finally, the models and tools we develop here will be implemented in Idaho, but will be designed\nfor easy export to states with significant rural populations.
163                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
167                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
170                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Amino acid mutations in human visual pigments can impair color vision or lead to diseases such as degenerative blinding condition. Human vision requires that these pigments, consisting of a chromophore and associated opsin protein, have distinct peak spectral sensitivities in separate rod and cone photoreceptor populations. Peak spectral sensitivity is determined by the chromophore type and the amino acid sequence of the opsin. Understanding how a single mutation in the opsin protein can lead to anomalous visual function and disease would assist the development of molecular-level therapeutic strategies. Such an understanding is currently not available. The proposed research has an overarching goal of developing novel molecular-level therapeutic strategies to treat human vision deficiencies by unraveling the mysteries of the phototransduction cycle using state-of-the-art modeling approaches. The goal of the proposed research is to build on our molecular modeling framework to develop and test an automated computational pipeline to estimate peak spectral sensitivity for Rh1 rod opsins and use it to elucidate mechanisms for disease-associated mutations. In Aim 1, we will build a machine-learning-based pipeline, which will utilize homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, for accurately predicting peak spectral sensitivity from opsin amino acid sequence data. Aim 2 will employ mixed quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics simulations to elucidate molecular mechanisms of spectral shift and improve the pipeline. In Aim 3, we will use the pipeline to determine molecular mechanisms for anomalous visual functions. The proposed research has the potential for high impact in the field of human vision because it will provide a predictive modeling approach for visual pigments, that has remained elusive for decades. This new genome-to-phenome understanding of the molecular function of visual pigments will pave the way for novel strategies to engineer pigments suitable for optogenetics, or to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The microbial communities colonizing animals are integral to animal health and development but details \nabout what make these communities functional and stable are lacking. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect \nbacteria) are the numerically dominant members of animal microbiomes and they influence many \nproperties of these communities. Bacteriophages regulate bacterial community composition by predation, \ntransfer genetic material between host genomes, and beneficially stimulate the immune system of animals. \nHowever, our knowledge of bacteriophages is largely restricted to a limited set of lab-adapted strains and \nthus our understanding of their role in animal microbiomes is lacking. Bacteriophages may influence \ndisease through ecological processes by regulating bacterial community composition and abundance or by promoting changes in the virulence of their bacterial hosts. \nThe factors causing microbial composition to change over time are often hard to determine and empirically test because most animal microbiomes are complex and experimental intractable. We propose to utilize an important animal model system, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to determine how ecological and evolutionary forces shape animal microbiomes. To this end, we outline two Aims that will help us \ncharacterize these forces. \nAim 1: Determine how phage resistance evolution is dependent on microbial growth conditions. In this aim \nwe will comprehensively test different parameters of growth than are likely to influence how quickly \nbacteria evolve resistance against bacteriophage infections. We will carefully measure the tempo of \nchange in sets of bacteria and phages growing together. We anticipate identifying how these dynamics are impacted by growth conditions. \nAim 2: Measure the impact of microbial interactions on phage resistance evolution dynamics. In this aim \nwe expand our research to include interacting bacterial species. In most natural conditions that microbes \nlive in they will encounter other bacteria. These interactions likely alter how bacteria respond to and evolveresistance against the bacteriophages that infect them. Our experiments will address this by co-culturing bacteria and again measuring the tempo of evolution in these systems. \nIn both aims we adopt an integrative approach that utilizes mathematic modeling, culturing of bacteria and phages in the lab, and testing their growth in the honey bee gut. In doing so, we benefit from the strengths of each approach and increase the rigor of our results.
172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Porphyromonas ingivalis Pg) is recognized as a major pathogen of adult periodontitis and implicated in multiple systemic inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease. Pg's ability to invade a wide variety of host cell types and employ adaptive mechanisms to subvert specific host responses are key virulence factors critical to its survival and persistence. Whether forming tissue disseminating biofilm communities in the oral cavity and other sites in the body or residing in host cells as an intracellular pathogen, Pg must be able to sense and rapidly respond to changes in its environment. Regulation of gene expression by small non-coding regulatory RNA (sRNA) is an exciting and rapidly growing field in biology. This mechanism of gene regulation is now recognized as a common mechanism employed by bacteria to rapidly respond to environmental cues. However, the sRNA regulatory systems Pg uses to rapidly respond to dynamic environmental cues are as yet unknown. The interactions between sRNA and their mRNA targets are often mediated by Hfq, a sRNA chaperone conserved across many bacterial species. However, Pg is an Hfq negative bacterium. Therefore, elucidating the roles of virulence modulating sRNAs in Hfq negative bacteria such as Pg will expand our knowledge base of the regulation of virulence in pathogens that do not contain this sRNA chaperone. Using both NimbleGen microarray analysis and next generation Illumina sequencing of sRNA enriched cDNA libraries, we have generated Pg sRNA expression profiles in response to hemin availability and growth phase. These conditions were selected based on published studies that suggest that periodontal pathogenesis is initiated during mid-log phase under hemin limitation after hemin starvation. Significantly, employing invasion assays using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), we found that one of the sRNA we have identified (sRNA W83-514) appears to be linked to Pg virulence. However, to fully understand the biological significance of sRNA mediated regulation, and completely characterize sRNA systems, requires identification of both the sRNA and its cognate mRNA targets. In pursuit of identifying mRNA targets of select Pg sRNAs, including sRNA W83-514, we propose to develop a novel unbiased screening model, using an E. coli surrogate host, capable of identifying both positively and negatively regulated mRNA targets (Aim 1A). This technology will enhance Pg studies of virulence because many of the methods developed to identify and characterize sRNA regulation either are specific to Hfq directed sRNA or very difficult/impossible to replicate in Pg. Furthermore, we propose to use mutational analysis and RT-PCR to generate quantitative measures of mRNA targets in wildtype and sRNA mutant Pg clones, under various environmental conditions, to determine if the mRNA targets identified in Aim 1A are regulated in Pg by its cognate sRNA (Aim 1B), while furthering our long-term objective of characterizing sRNA regulatory system(s) of this human pathogen.   \r\n   \r\n
173                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Porphyromonas ingivalis Pg) is recognized as a major pathogen of adult periodontitis and implicated in multiple systemic inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease. Pg's ability to invade a wide variety of host cell types and employ adaptive mechanisms to subvert specific host responses are key virulence factors critical to its survival and persistence. Whether forming tissue disseminating biofilm communities in the oral cavity and other sites in the body or residing in host cells as an intracellular pathogen, Pg must be able to sense and rapidly respond to changes in its environment. Regulation of gene expression by small non-coding regulatory RNA (sRNA) is an exciting and rapidly growing field in biology. This mechanism of gene regulation is now recognized as a common mechanism employed by bacteria to rapidly respond to environmental cues. However, the sRNA regulatory systems Pg uses to rapidly respond to dynamic environmental cues are as yet unknown. The interactions between sRNA and their mRNA targets are often mediated by Hfq, a sRNA chaperone conserved across many bacterial species. However, Pg is an Hfq negative bacterium. Therefore, elucidating the roles of virulence modulating sRNAs in Hfq negative bacteria such as Pg will expand our knowledge base of the regulation of virulence in pathogens that do not contain this sRNA chaperone. Using both NimbleGen microarray analysis and next generation Illumina sequencing of sRNA enriched cDNA libraries, we have generated Pg sRNA expression profiles in response to hemin availability and growth phase. These conditions were selected based on published studies that suggest that periodontal pathogenesis is initiated during mid-log phase under hemin limitation after hemin starvation. Significantly, employing invasion assays using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), we found that one of the sRNA we have identified (sRNA W83-514) appears to be linked to Pg virulence. However, to fully understand the biological significance of sRNA mediated regulation, and completely characterize sRNA systems, requires identification of both the sRNA and its cognate mRNA targets. In pursuit of identifying mRNA targets of select Pg sRNAs, including sRNA W83-514, we propose to develop a novel unbiased screening model, using an E. coli surrogate host, capable of identifying both positively and negatively regulated mRNA targets (Aim 1A). This technology will enhance Pg studies of virulence because many of the methods developed to identify and characterize sRNA regulation either are specific to Hfq directed sRNA or very difficult/impossible to replicate in Pg. Furthermore, we propose to use mutational analysis and RT-PCR to generate quantitative measures of mRNA targets in wildtype and sRNA mutant Pg clones, under various environmental conditions, to determine if the mRNA targets identified in Aim 1A are regulated in Pg by its cognate sRNA (Aim 1B), while furthering our long-term objective of characterizing sRNA regulatory system(s) of this human pathogen.
174                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):  Bacteria of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites and include common human pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, a leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases and blinding trachoma. Unlike most bacterial pathogens, C. trachomatis alternates between two physiologically distinct cell forms to establish infection: the infectious Elementary Body (EB) and replicative Reticulate Body (RB). Two histone related proteins, HctA and HctB, regulate compaction and relaxation of chlamydial chromatin during transition between developmental forms and control RNA polymerase access to the DNA. Biogenesis of the chlamydial replication niche depends on the re-initiation of protein expression as the EB germinates into the RB cell type. The factors controlling chlamydial gene expression during differentiation remains a significant knowledge gap. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEC) is an intermediate of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid synthesis that promotes dissociation of chlamydial histones from isolated EB chromatin structures. The MEP pathway starts with condensation of the glycolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde 3-P and pyruvate and is therefore likely to be regulated by glycolytic activity. Expression of the chlamydial hexose phosphate transporter UhpC at the onset of morphological differentiation and recently demonstrated metabolic activation of EBs by glucose 6-P in vitro suggests that activation of glycolysis and pathogen energy metabolism is temporally linked to chromatin decondensation. We hypothesize that the histones, by binding to specific sites or structural elements on the chromosome, allow ordered control of early gene expression by affecting the access of regulatory proteins to promoters and genes involved in the control of differentiation. We further predict that initiation of metabolism is a key element in controlling histone release. The aim of this proposal is to determine the role of chromatin structure in developmental regulation and to establish a link between initiation of EB energy metabolism and regulation of EB chromatin structure immediately upon infection. The relationship between chromatin structure and de novo gene transcription will be determined using high throughput DNA- and RNA-seq techniques to measure changes in DNA accessibility and RNA transcription upon incubation of bacteria in a host cell-free medium containing glucose 6-P, and during early differentiation. Comparing the regulation of the EB chromatin structure early in development in vivo to chromatin structure changes of activated EBs in vitro will provide unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of EB germination. Additionally, as the MEP pathway is not present in mammalian cells, understanding the novel role of metabolism in activating the chlamydial pathogenic cycle will provide potential avenues for preventing or treating chlamydial infections.
175                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):  Bacteria of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites and include common human pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, a leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases and blinding trachoma. Unlike most bacterial pathogens, C. trachomatis alternates between two physiologically distinct cell forms to establish infection: the infectious Elementary Body (EB) and replicative Reticulate Body (RB). Two histone related proteins, HctA and HctB, regulate compaction and relaxation of chlamydial chromatin during transition between developmental forms and control RNA polymerase access to the DNA. Biogenesis of the chlamydial replication niche depends on the re-initiation of protein expression as the EB germinates into the RB cell type. The factors controlling chlamydial gene expression during differentiation remains a significant knowledge gap. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEC) is an intermediate of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid synthesis that promotes dissociation of chlamydial histones from isolated EB chromatin structures. The MEP pathway starts with condensation of the glycolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde 3-P and pyruvate and is therefore likely to be regulated by glycolytic activity. Expression of the chlamydial hexose phosphate transporter UhpC at the onset of morphological differentiation and recently demonstrated metabolic activation of EBs by glucose 6-P in vitro suggests that activation of glycolysis and pathogen energy metabolism is temporally linked to chromatin decondensation. We hypothesize that the histones, by binding to specific sites or structural elements on the chromosome, allow ordered control of early gene expression by affecting the access of regulatory proteins to promoters and genes involved in the control of differentiation. We further predict that initiation of metabolism is a key element in controlling histone release. The aim of this proposal is to determine the role of chromatin structure in developmental regulation and to establish a link between initiation of EB energy metabolism and regulation of EB chromatin structure immediately upon infection. The relationship between chromatin structure and de novo gene transcription will be determined using high throughput DNA- and RNA-seq techniques to measure changes in DNA accessibility and RNA transcription upon incubation of bacteria in a host cell-free medium containing glucose 6-P, and during early differentiation. Comparing the regulation of the EB chromatin structure early in development in vivo to chromatin structure changes of activated EBs in vitro will provide unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of EB germination. Additionally, as the MEP pathway is not present in mammalian cells, understanding the novel role of metabolism in activating the chlamydial pathogenic cycle will provide potential avenues for preventing or treating chlamydial infections.   \r\n   \r\n
176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to\nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort\nhas been from individual laboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have\ndeveloped between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the\nresearch skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized\nmechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the\nbroad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence\n(COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have\ngenerated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix\nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to\nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research\ninfrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix\ninteractions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation\nand technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium\nCore, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of\nextracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the\npathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name\na few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new\ncollaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information,\nideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nmatrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established\ninvestigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.
177                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.   \r\n   \r\n
181                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.   \r\n   \r\n
182                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
186                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.   \r\n   \r\n
192                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.   \r\n   \r\n
193                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to\nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort\nhas been from individual laboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have\ndeveloped between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the\nresearch skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized\nmechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the\nbroad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence\n(COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have\ngenerated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix\nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to\nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research\ninfrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix\ninteractions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation\nand technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium\nCore, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of\nextracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the\npathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name\na few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new\ncollaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information,\nideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nmatrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established\ninvestigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.
194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
196                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
197                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
198                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More women suffer multiple sclerosis (MS) than men. The female-to-male ratio is 2:1, with some studies \nbroadening it to 3:1. A similar pattern is observed in experimental disease models, although the sex-dependent \nsusceptibility is subjected to the genetic background. Another biological variable that affects the disease \nestablishment and progression is the gut microbiota. Studies from our lab and others showed that the significant \nreduction or complete absence of gut microbiota reduces the severity and progression of experimental \nautoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Reciprocally, disease onset alters the gut microbiota composition and \nincreases intestinal permeability suggesting that the gut-microbiota-brain axis acts bidirectionally. While most \nmicrobiota studies compare the fecal microbial composition, the effects of disease on the microbiota composition \nof the mucosal layer remain unknown. Exploring this knowledge gap is significant because gut microbes \nmodulate the production and integrity of the gut mucus, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction \nexpression in epithelial cells. Since sex-dependent microbiota differences have been described in EAE mice, we \nhypothesize that disease susceptibility in females and males is directly associated with changes in the \nmicrobiota associated with the intestinal mucosal ECM, resulting in increased microbial translocation to \nthe lamina propria, local and systemic inflammation, which subsequently leads to increased \nneuroinflammation and disease severity. We propose evaluating the effects of the sex-dependent EAE \nsusceptibility in the microbiota composition of the gut lumen and ECM, intestinal permeability, systemic and CNS \ninflammation, and the effects of microbiota interventions in the intestinal ECM and disease progression. We will \nuse two different EAE models with different sex-dependent susceptibility: the SJL/J EAE model with only female \nmice being susceptible to the disease and the C57BL/6J model with both females and males susceptible to EAE. \nWe recently showed that the oral treatment with the isoprenoid farnesol, a microbial biofilm regulator protected \nEAE mice against the disease. We now hypothesize that the treatment with farnesol regulates biofilm formation \nin the microbiota-ECM resulting in increased overall intestinal integrity in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice. \nWe propose three specific aims to determine whether the disease in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice \npromotes a microbiota-ECM architecture that contributes to local, systemic, and CNS inflammation and whether \nthe oral treatment with farnesol reverses the effects of disease on microbiota and integrity of the gut epithelium \nand mucosa. The project would extend our understanding of the protective effects of isoprenoids against \nneuroinflammation by directly targeting MS and studying the gut mucosal layer, an extracellular glycoproteinbased \nmatrix.
199                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
200                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
201                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
202                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
203                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
204                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
205                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Project Summary/Abstract\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. We propose to increase access to and use of\nshared instrumentation within the COBRE Core facilities through the purchase of a Zeiss Axio Observer 7 Live\nCell Imaging system. This new live cell imaging system will support the investigators that have coalesced\naround the thematic focus of matrix biology. Investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology are diverse with\nrespect to the primary disciplines that they represent, including biology, chemistry, physics, materials science,\ncomputer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and electrical engineering. Strong institutional\nsupport provided newly remodeled laboratory space and personnel to support the use through training,\nmaintenance, and assistance for new users. The live cell imaging system will be located within new laboratory\nspace for shared core facilities to support investigators from across campus. The enhanced core facilities will\nallow investigators to carry out more sophisticated experiments that address how cells respond to their\nenvironment through their extracellular matrix. Results will be disseminated through peer review publication in\nscientific journals and presentations at national research conferences. The acquisition of the new instrument\nwill facilitate the achievement of our overarching goals which are to: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical\nmass of investigators established around the thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance\nbiomedical research core capabilities, 3) grow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance\nresearch training opportunities. Upon successful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened\nand enhanced the critical mass of investigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in\ndevelopment and disease. Shared core facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more\ninvestigators as they follow a mentored career development plan. The multidisciplinary team science nature\nwill continue to grow to include additional investigators across our institution.
206                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
207                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology administrative supplement will\nsupport women’s health research in an IDeA state, specifically Idaho. The results of this study\nwill enhance our understanding of how bone health may be maintained for breast cancer\nsurvivors and those who have undergone chemotherapy. This question is at the foundation of\nconcerns for women who have had breast cancer treatment and who are therefore at an\nincreased risk for osteoporosis and fracture. The risk of developing breast cancer increases with\nage and is particularly high in women age 60 and older. Because of their age, these women are\nalready at an increased risk for osteoporosis. Case rates in Idaho are higher than the national\naverage, and much higher for some of the more rural counties within Idaho. Prevention and\ntherapeutic interventions are needed to minimize bone loss and reduce fracture risk in this large\nand growing population. The proposed work will leverage resources available at Boise State\nUniversity, specifically the Biomolecular Research Core and the RNA sequencing laboratory.\nThe objective for this project is to investigate low-intensity vibration-induced improvements in\nboth DNA damage repair in mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblast differentiation, and\nextracellular matrix production during cisplatin treatment. Results from this project will yield a\ngreater understanding of how external mechanical force is involved in maintaining bone health\nduring anti-cancer treatment. At the completion of the proposed experiments, we anticipate a\ngreater understanding of non-pharmacologic and targeted therapeutic interventions to decrease\nlong-term sequelae following chemotherapy. The results of the proposed work may reduce bone\nfractures, cancer metastasis, and recurrence. Additionally, this administrative supplement will\nexpand the research and research capacity to conduct women’s health research in the state of\nIdaho.
208                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
209                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
210                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Hydrogels incorporating silk protein primed with bioactive peptides have been successfully used \nto study the cellular processes underlying differentiation of skeletal muscle. However, previous \nsystems were limited due to their static nature – their mechanical properties are fixed. Recently, \nwe demonstrated a new silk hydrogel crosslinked with tyramine-substituted silk fibroin that \nstiffened over time at controllable rates. The programmable stiffness of these hydrogels makes \nthem attractive for modeling the changes in tissue-level stiffness that are associated with \nmusculoskeletal development, or following injury. We will modify these hydrogels to incorporate \ndecellularized muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), obtained through a recently established \ndecellularization protocol. Our preliminary data suggest coupling ECM to our silk matrices can \nbe used to further fine-tune the stiffening, enabling highly controllable and distinct mechanical \nand matrix protein gradients within the same gel, by spatially varying the amount and type of \nECM mixed in with the silk precursors. A silk-ECM hydrogel has not previously been developed. \nOur central hypothesis is that dynamically stiffening hydrogels with highly tunable mechanical \nand biochemical characteristics can recapitulate key aspects of the myogenic environment more \neffectively than existing engineered systems, and as a result, will improve our understanding of \nthe process to enable better control of the therapeutic potential of myogenically differentiating \niPSCs for regenerating skeletal muscle. We will develop hydrogels as novel in vitro systems to \nexplore the impacts of dynamic stiffness on myogenesis of iPSCs. We will test our hypothesis \nusing two specific aims. The first aim will be to determine how evolving stiffness in 3D hydrogels \nimpacts iPSC myogenesis. The second aim will be to develop a biochemically functionalized \nand mechanically dynamic silk-ECM hydrogel for generation of skeletal muscle from iPSCs. \nCompletion of these aims will enhance our understanding of the regulators of skeletal muscle \ndevelopment and the impact of dynamic substrate stiffness and matrix composition on stem cell \ndifferentiation, with the ultimate goal of therapeutically targeting these mechanisms to \nregenerate skeletal muscle using stem cells. 3D hydrogels can be further used to investigate \nthe processes that regulate development, aging, injury, and disease of skeletal muscle.
211                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
212                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
213                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
214                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
215                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
216                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
217                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
218 1. PROJECT SUMMARY - Role of Cellular Mechanotransduction of Low Intensity Vibrations in Regulating\nExtracellular Matrix Synthesis\n1.1. Summarize the goal of the parent award: The long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research\nExcellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to establish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research\ncenter focusing on improving our understanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health,\nand disease, and contributing to the prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. The specific\naims of the COBRE Matrix Biology Parent award are: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators\nestablished around the thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core\ncapabilities, 3) grow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training\nopportunities. This project will supplement the existing COBRE Matrix Biology award to form a new team of\ninvestigators that bring together three investigators from IDeA states with different perspectives and expertise to\naddress complex basic, behavioral, clinical and/or translational research questions with complementary\napproaches. The research question does not duplicate those currently being pursued by the parent award and\nclearly benefits from the collective efforts of the collaboration.\n1.2 Research question to be addressed by the supplement award: Engineering biophysical signals promises\nnon-pharmacologic interventions to direct tissue regeneration in conditions that devastate bone such as\nosteoporosis, aging, injury, bedrest, or microgravity. Externally applied Low-Intensity Vibrations (LIV), a\nmechanical signal similar to muscle activity, offers a readily usable technology to stimulate Mesenchymal Stem\nCell (MSC) anabolism for both tissue engineering and clinical approaches. LIV does not generate significant\nmatrix deformations in vivo, thus excluding most mechano-transduction mechanisms previously proposed for\nhigh-magnitude and low-frequency mechanical signals (e.g., exercise). This presents a significant gap\nknowledge about bone mechanobiology and prevents utilization of LIV as an effective treatment for bone loss.\nMSC’s ability to replace and rejuvenate bone cell populations are informed by both dynamic mechanical forces\ngenerated during daily activities (e.g. muscle activity) and by the quality of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Yes1\nAssociated Protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that can activate the expression of genes in response\nto mechanical force, including ECM molecules such as Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) to regulate\ncollagen production in cells. For tissue engineering and clinical approaches to ultimately succeed, causative\ninformation on how high-frequency signals generated by LIV are sensed, transduced, and eventually lead to\nnuclear YAP expression and ECM production is critical.\nThis proposal aims to address a fundamental gap in bone mechanobiology by mechanistically establishing a\nmechanosensory function of the cell nucleus to respond to dynamic accelerations produced by LIV. Using our\nnovel team approach, we will test whether LIV generates relative motions of the nucleus within a cell to\nstrengthen nucleo-cytoskeletal scaffolding and to increase force-induced YAP signaling in the cell nuclei to elicit\nECM production. We will address this through three sub-hypotheses and specific aims.\nThe aims of this study are to determine in live cells if 1) vibration frequency and acceleration modulate the LIV-\ninduced nuclear motions and resulting F-actin remodeling, 2) LIV-induced perinuclear F-actin remodeling will\nincrease cytoskeletal tension on the nucleus, 3) the magnitude of cytoskeletal tension on the nucleus determines\nthe magnitude of YAP nuclear entry and ECM production.\nCompletion of these aims will provide knowledge on (1) how to enhance the efficacy of LIV-based regenerative\nmodalities in clinic, and (2) foundational structure-function relationships in MSCs. Results will ultimately enable\nengineering LIV-based approaches that target nucleo-cytoskeletal connectivity with application in many areas\nincluding, but not limited to, tissue regeneration, tissue engineering, and aging.\n1.3 Benefit of team science effort: This proposed supplement cannot be accomplished by any single\ninvestigator and requires an orchestrated effort by three investigators working in different fields: cell\nmechanobiology, machine learning, and computational biomechanics. Co-Project Lead (CPL) Uzer will\nwork on establishing experimental methods to measure nuclear motion, high-fidelity cell and biological outcomes,\nECM production, and nuclear YAP levels. CPL Satici will focus on developing machine learning algorithms to\nreconstruct 3D nuclear and cytoskeletal geometries in response to LIV in live cells. CPL Fitzpatrick will develop\nfinite element (FE) models to quantify cytoskeletal forces on the nucleus under LIV treatment. Upon successful\ncompletion of this work, our team will establish, for the first time, a novel pipeline for data-driven, cell-specific FE\nmodels for understanding force-function relationships in cells. This novel method will lead us to new grant\nsubmissions to study the role of cell-specific forces in maintaining healthy cell function and ECM composition as\nwell as informing new translational studies that use LIV to attenuate disease progression both in vitro and in vivo.
219                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is for the acquisition of a Dynamic Imaging System at the University of Idaho (UI). This major acquisition is intended to advance research in NIH-funded cellular and molecular biology and neuroscience at the UI by allowing researchers to work with live cells, tissues, and small organisms to observe and document changes as they occur. Our goal is to add technological capacity that supports research on the discovery of specific cell fates within the vertebrate nervous system, the determination of roles of specific cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of neuronal number, the direct observation of the fate of virus-derived proteins in infected neural progenitor cells, and determination of plasmid inheritance in bacteria.  The University of Idaho (UI) Department of Biological Sciences has built core strengths in cellular and molecular biology and neuroscience. Further growth of research programs in these core areas is dependent upon the capacity to track, in real time, the activities of live tissues, cells, and subcellular and molecular processes. The Shared Instrumentation Grant will fund a key piece of instrumentation that is not currently accessible in the region, and would fill a critical research need at the UI. Specific components of this instrument include: 1) a Nikon TiEclipse inverted microscope and necessary optical components; 2) Andor spinning disk confocal system and cameras; and 3) an offline image and video analysis station and software.  This equipment will support the research of four NIH R01-funded major users, and six minor users with NIH and/or other sources of federal support. The NIH sources available to minor users include two Institutional Development Awards (IDeA): an INBRE related to cell signaling; and a COBRE related to rapid evolutionary processes. The Dynamic Imaging System will be housed in the UI's Optical Imaging Core, a fee-for-use facility with ongoing support from the UI's Office of Research and Economic Development. The UI commits funds for infrastructure to ensure the immediate acquisition, maximal usage and continued support of the Dynamic Imaging System. The research programs advanced by this equipment directly align with signature areas of research excellence for UI, which were identified by the UI President for strategic institutional investment. Our detailed technical expertise section and management plan outline a vision for maintenance and use of the instrument beyond the funding period.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
220                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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221                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal puts forth a series of synthetic and physical-organic studies aimed at developing three classes of thermally-stable signal amplification reagents for use in point-of-care diagnostics. The reagents will enable trace-level detection of markers of disease and pollution in assays that are inexpensive and straightforward to conduct in resource-limited environments (such as the developing world, in homes for home healthcare, and in emergency situations). The reagents are based on the hypothesis that autocatalytic and auto inductive reactions will be particularly effective at amplifying signal for  detection event. The focus of the proposal is on the design, synthesis, and physical organic studies of these reagents in an effort to optimize their performance for diagnostic assays. This optimization effort includes enabling 5000� signal amplification within a 1 h assay, providing unambiguous colorimetric readouts, and ensuring that background signal that could lead to false positive results is eliminated. The performance of the reagents will be tested in the context of assays for water quality (fluoride will be the analyte), the purity of drugs (palladium will be the\nanalyte), and for detecting influenza neuraminidase at levels that correspond to the first 24-48 h of an infection.
223                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease likely caused by a combination\nof both genetic and environmental factors. Of the genetic risk factors identified, the 34 kDa protein,\napolipoprotein (apo) E4, is of significance importance as APOE4 carriers account for 65-80% of all\nAD cases. Although apoE4 plays a normal role in lipoprotein transport, how it contributes to AD\npathogenesis is currently unknown. Emerging data suggests that apoE4 is sensitive to proteolytic\ncleavage and thus contributes to the underlying molecular pathology associated with AD possibly\nthrough a loss of function. Using a site-directed antibody to cleaved apoE4 we have recently\ndetermined an amino-terminal cleavage fragment of apoE4 of 17 KDa can be formed following\nincubation of full-length apoE4 with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that localizes to the nucleus\nof microglia of the human AD brain. The goal of this proposal is to expand those findings by\ndetermining the mechanisms by which a recombinantly-produced, His-tagged fragment of apoE4\n(nApoE41-151) is taken up by microglia, traffics to the nucleus, and alters gene expression. We\nhypothesize that the trafficking of this fragment to the nucleus serves a pathophysiological function\nthat regulates the expression of genes related to microglia activation and cell death. Experiments\ndescribed in Aim 1a will rigorously test the hypothesis that nApoE41-151 is taken up by cells through a\nspecific receptor-mediated pathway involving the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor or the LDL\nreceptor-related protein (LRP-1). In Aim 1b, parallel experiments will also assess whether trafficking\nof nApoE41-151 to the nucleus occurs aided by the use of our site-directed cleavage antibody that\nspecifically detects this apoE4 fragment as well as an anti-His antibody. We propose experiments to\nelucidate the pathway by which nApoE41-151 traffics from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, presumably\nfollowing receptor-mediated endocytosis.\nExperiments outlined in Aim 2 will determine what transcriptional effects if any this apoE4 fragment\nhas once localized within the nucleus. In Aim 2a, we will first characterize the potential binding of\nnApoE41-151 to a possible enhancer region of nuclear DNA 5’ to a novel, uncharacterized gene that\nwas isolated following chromatin immunoprecipitation in preliminary studies. These experiments will\nanalyze the potential binding kinetics, in vitro, utilizing several techniques that allow for the\ncharacterization of interactions of the DNA sequence and nApoE41-151. In addition, in Aim 2b, we will\ndetermine if this sequence serves a potential regulator of transcription using a luciferase reporter\ngene construct. Finally, in Aim 2c we will examine overall gene expression in BV2 microglial cells\nfollowing treatment with nApoE41-151 following purification of RNA samples and transcriptome\nanalysis. Because microglia produce apoE4, our hypothesis is this fragment is part of a feedback\nloop that regulates the expression of APOE4 gene or may lead to transcriptional regulation of other\ngenes that contribute to cell death or microglia activation. Data from this proposal could uncover a\nnovel pathophysiological role for apoE4 and lead to a better understanding as to why inheritance of\nthis gene enhances AD risk.
224                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease likely caused by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Of the genetic risk factors identified, the 34 kDa protein, apolipoprotein (apo) E4, is of\r\nsignificant importance as apoeE4 carriers account for 65-80 percent of all AD cases. Although apoE4 plays a normal role in lipoprotein transport, how it contributes to AD pathogenesis is currently unknown. Emerging data suggests that apoE4 is sensitive to proteolytic cleavage and thus contributes to the underlying molecular pathology associated with AD possibly through a loss of function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the proteolytic cleavage of apoE4, including the identity of the protease involve, has not been clarified. The purpose of this study is to identify the protease responsible for ApoE4 cleavage and to determine whether or not this cleavage event occurs in the AD brain. Using a site-directed antibody to cleaved apoE4 we have recently determined a major cleavage fragment of apoE4 of 18 KDa is present in recombinant forms following purification of apoE4 from E. coli and is present in situ in AD brain sections. We hypothesize that this proteolytic event represents a novel pathway for apoE4 cleavage and that caspases are responsible for this cleavage in the AD brain. Experiments described in Aim 1 will rigorously test the hypothesis that apoE4 is cleaved by caspases to generate a 18 kDa amino-terminal fragment. These experiments will characterize the cleavage event by analyzing the production of the apoE4 fragment following incubation of purified apoE4 or recombinant forms with caspase-3 in a cell-free system or following caspase activation in a model system of apoptosis. These experiments will be aided through the development of a site-directed cleavage antibody that specifically detects the amino-terminal 18 kDa fragment of apoE4 following cleavage at D172. Experiments outlined in Aim 2 will determine whether proteolytic cleavage is unique to only the E4 isoform, and not other known isoforms including apoE2 or apoE3. We hypothesize that only apoE4 will be uniquely sensitive to proteolytic cleavage compared to other isoforms and thus, this will serve as an underlying event connecting apoE4 proteolysis to an enhanced risk of late-onset AD. Using our site-directed cleavage antibodies, experiments in Aim 3 will determine if this same apoE4 fragment is generated in the AD brain and if so, what cell type. Due to the role of caspases in cleaving tau and contributing to\r\nthe formation of neurofibrillary tangles, we hypothesize this 18 kDa fragment of apoE4 will localize within neurofibrillary tangles of the AD brain. Both immunohistochemical analysis using fixed post mortem brain sections as well as Western blot analysis from AD samples will be performed and compared to age-matched controls.   \r\n
225                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, fatal disorder neurodegenerative disease that is the most common\ncause of dementia. In addition to advancing age, there are known genetic risk factors associated with AD. Of\nthe genetic risk factors identified, the 34 kDa protein, apolipoprotein (Apo) E4, is of significance importance as\nAPOE4 carriers account for 65-80% of all AD cases. Although ApoE4 plays a normal role in lipoprotein\ntransport, how it contributes to AD pathogenesis is currently unknown. Recent data from our lab suggests that,\nin vitro, a 151 amino-terminal fragment of ApoE4 (nApoE41-151) can traffic to the nucleus leading to toxicity and\nexpression of inflammatory genes in BV2 microglia cells. The goal of this proposal is to expand those findings\nin vivo, by assessing the mechanisms by which this fragment may induce toxicity, developmental\nabnormalities, and behavior deficits in a model system consisting of zebrafish. Experiments described in Aim 1\nwill rigorously test the hypothesis that nApoE41-151 may increase mortality following exogenous treatment in 48\nhours post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. Parallel experiments will also assess whether trafficking of\nnApoE41-151 to the nucleus occurs within the nervous system by fluorescence confocal microscopy. In addition,\nan assessment of developmental abnormalities will be undertaken based on well-defined empirically derived\ncriteria. We will determine if nApoE41-151 leads to toxicity or deformation of any other organ system including\nthe cardiovascular system. Finally, examination for tau pathology following treatment with this fragment could\nprovide a link between ApoE4 and a signature molecular pathology found in the human AD brain. Experiments\noutlined in Aim 2 will determine what sublethal effects the nApoE41-151 fragment may have on juvenile\nzebrafish by examining motor behavior as well as memory integrity. Behavior tests for memory and motor\nfunctions (assessed by tail flicking and T-maze) will be assessed following treatment of nApoE41-151. Finally, in\nAim 3. we will determine the potential deleterious effects of endogenously generated the nApoE41-151 in\nzebrafish. In this Aim, we propose to generate a new zebrafish strain that expresses nApoE41-151 to determine\nwhether low-level chronic expression leads to similar developmental and behavioral impairments as\nexogenous treatment. To accomplish this Aim, we will employ a Tol2 transposase method whereby the\nnApoE41-151 fragment will be expressed. The goal of these experiments will be to generate a permanent\ntransgenic zebrafish line that can be bred in perpetuity in order to fully study the developmental effects in\nembryos and young juveniles but also continuing in adult zebrafish if warranted\nOverall, we are proposing an in vivo model system to extend our in vitro findings and to obtain more robust,\nreliable data that can be extrapolated to an intact organism including humans. Zebrafish are emerging as an\neffective in vivo model system to study AD for many reasons including the fact that their neuroanatomic and\nneurochemical pathways share strong similarities with the human brain. In addition, they exhibit a relatively\nsimple nervous system and optical transparency of embryos permit for easy analyses of organ systems and\nbrain development. To strengthen our zebrafish studies, we will also take advantage of the relative ease to\nexpress human transgenes in zebrafish to assess in a more physiological milieu the potential long-term effects\nof expressing this amino-terminal fragment of ApoE4. Using such a model, we hypothesize that the nApoE41-\n151 fragment will demonstrate significant developmental abnormalities, motor dysfunction, and memory\nimpairments that will further support a novel role of this fragment in the etiology associated with AD.
226                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities.  Phase III has three Specific Objectives:     \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST.     \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research.     \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community.       \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
227                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities.  Phase III has three Specific Objectives:     \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST.     \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research.     \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community.       \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
228                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities.  Phase III has three Specific Objectives:     \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST.     \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research.     \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community.       \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities.  Phase III has three Specific Objectives:     \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST.     \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research.     \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community.       \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
230                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities.  Phase III has three Specific Objectives:     \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST.     \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research.     \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community.       \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
231                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary\nCollectively, extracellular matrix, integrins, and Notch regulate a host of normal and pathological\ncellular activities. Evidence emerging from our preliminary studies shows that these cellular\nentities are coordinated into a signaling mechanism that has not been previously observed. The\nimplications of our observation are broad and likely to have deep impacts on our understanding\nof cell interactions with cellular microenvironments as well as cellular behaviors in a range of\nnormal and pathological scenarios. In this renewal application, the main objectives are to fill in\nthe gaps of our current understanding of the molecular mechanism by which integrins regulate\nNotch and to explore the importance of this novel signaling system to several aspects of\nendothelial cellular function. To investigate the molecular mechanism in aim 1, we will focus on\nunderstanding how downstream integrin signaling through Src kinase impacts Notch activity.\nWe will specifically focus on understanding how Src kinase controls 1a) the half-life of active\nN1ICD fragments, 1b) transcriptional activity of N1ICD, and 1c) the N1ICD transcription factor\ncomplex. In aim 2 we will determine if this signaling system is operant in a variety of endothelial\nfunctions including 2a) response to non-canonical β3 ligands, 2b) response to matrix stiffness,\nand 2c) response to shear stress. Given that each of these important endothelial functions are\nknown to be individually influenced by extracellular matrix, integrin activity, and Notch signaling,\nwe hypothesize that these endothelial functions will also be dependent on coordinated activity\nbetween these signaling mechanisms. Throughout these studies, we will engage high school,\nundergraduate, and graduate students to collectively build scientific confidence and teach skills\nthese students will require in order to pursue careers in science. At the conclusion of our\nstudies, we will have accomplished two important milestones towards understanding this novel\nregulatory mechanism. Specifically, we will have unraveled many molecular details describing\nhow integrins control Notch, and we will have defined the importance of this signaling cascade\nto basic endothelial cell functions which when aberrant, are associated with a significant number\nof human pathologies.
232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award application outlines the necessary background for, the extensive commitment from, and the proposed plan by the Primary Investigator (PI) to transition his research expertise to become an independent investigator for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A systematic transition will occur from the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of zinc oxide nanostructures for piezoelectric applications towards DNA-based nanotechnology for medical benefit. In support of this transition, the PI is requesting 5 years of didactic biomedical training under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Yurke, an internationally recognized physicist, biophysicist, and DNA nanotechnologist. Primary reasons for this early career transition include: i) the PI was hired as an Assistant Professor in the area of Biomaterials, ii) the PI was not formally trained in the biological sciences, iii) the PI's inherent desire to understand and control matter at the nanoscale for the benefit of humanity, iv) the ability for DNA nanotechnology to contribute to the mission of NIH while providing intellectual reward to the PI, and v) the potential to collaborate with and receive technical support from the Idaho Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) and the Mountain States Tumor & Medical Research Institute (MSTMRI).  The goal of the K25 Award is to engineer a rapid, low-cost, disposable detection system for lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in human blood. The objective of the K25 Award is to build a diagnostic tool for lung cancer in vitro that exceeds the performance of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on relative miRNA concentrations, gold nanoparticle aggregation will signify a positive/negative signal for disease, analogous to the results of a disposable pregnancy test. As miRNAs are linked to cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic diseases, the proposed research is significant because it may catalyze low-cost, early-stage diagnosis of disease on a global scale. In addition, the proposed approach is innovative because it uses a radically different, non-PCR-based method for detecting miRNAs.  Under mentor supervision, the PI will transition from didactic study to research independence. Didactic activities include: i) attending biochemistry courses at Boise State to establish a foundation in the biological sciences, ii) enrolling in Bio-Track courses at NIH to acquire advanced knowledge in experimental techniques, iii) attending monthly MSTMRI seminars and case studies at St Luke's Medical Center to engage the medical community, iv) discussing weekly research results with the mentor to support the experimental, theoretical, and research conduct development of the PI, v) continued co-teaching of a journal club with the mentor to facilitate scientific literacy in the area of DNA nanotechnology, vi) continued teaching of an upper-division Biomaterials course to reinforce learning via teaching, vii) participating in conferences such as the Materials Research Society (MRS) and Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) to network, and viii) writing proposals alongside and independent of the mentor.  \n  \n
233                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award application outlines the necessary background for, the extensive commitment from, and the proposed plan by the Primary Investigator (PI) to transition his research expertise to become an independent investigator for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A systematic transition will occur from the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of zinc oxide nanostructures for piezoelectric applications towards DNA-based nanotechnology for medical benefit. In support of this transition, the PI is requesting 5 years of didactic biomedical training under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Yurke, an internationally recognized physicist, biophysicist, and DNA nanotechnologist. Primary reasons for this early career transition include: i) the PI was hired as an Assistant Professor in the area of Biomaterials, ii) the PI was not formally trained in the biological sciences, iii) the PI's inherent desire to understand and control matter at the nanoscale for the benefit of humanity, iv) the ability for DNA nanotechnology to contribute to the mission of NIH while providing intellectual reward to the PI, and v) the potential to collaborate with and receive technical support from the Idaho Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) and the Mountain States Tumor & Medical Research Institute (MSTMRI).  The goal of the K25 Award is to engineer a rapid, low-cost, disposable detection system for lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in human blood. The objective of the K25 Award is to build a diagnostic tool for lung cancer in vitro that exceeds the performance of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on relative miRNA concentrations, gold nanoparticle aggregation will signify a positive/negative signal for disease, analogous to the results of a disposable pregnancy test. As miRNAs are linked to cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic diseases, the proposed research is significant because it may catalyze low-cost, early-stage diagnosis of disease on a global scale. In addition, the proposed approach is innovative because it uses a radically different, non-PCR-based method for detecting miRNAs.  Under mentor supervision, the PI will transition from didactic study to research independence. Didactic activities include: i) attending biochemistry courses at Boise State to establish a foundation in the biological sciences, ii) enrolling in Bio-Track courses at NIH to acquire advanced knowledge in experimental techniques, iii) attending monthly MSTMRI seminars and case studies at St Luke's Medical Center to engage the medical community, iv) discussing weekly research results with the mentor to support the experimental, theoretical, and research conduct development of the PI, v) continued co-teaching of a journal club with the mentor to facilitate scientific literacy in the area of DNA nanotechnology, vi) continued teaching of an upper-division Biomaterials course to reinforce learning via teaching, vii) participating in conferences such as the Materials Research Society (MRS) and Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) to network, and viii) writing proposals alongside and independent of the mentor.  \n  \n
234                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award application outlines the necessary background for, the extensive commitment from, and the proposed plan by the Primary Investigator (PI) to transition his research expertise to become an independent investigator for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A systematic transition will occur from the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of zinc oxide nanostructures for piezoelectric applications towards DNA-based nanotechnology for medical benefit. In support of this transition, the PI is requesting 5 years of didactic biomedical training under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Yurke, an internationally recognized physicist, biophysicist, and DNA nanotechnologist. Primary reasons for this early career transition include: i) the PI was hired as an Assistant Professor in the area of Biomaterials, ii) the PI was not formally trained in the biological sciences, iii) the PI's inherent desire to understand and control matter at the nanoscale for the benefit of humanity, iv) the ability for DNA nanotechnology to contribute to the mission of NIH while providing intellectual reward to the PI, and v) the potential to collaborate with and receive technical support from the Idaho Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) and the Mountain States Tumor & Medical Research Institute (MSTMRI).  The goal of the K25 Award is to engineer a rapid, low-cost, disposable detection system for lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in human blood. The objective of the K25 Award is to build a diagnostic tool for lung cancer in vitro that exceeds the performance of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on relative miRNA concentrations, gold nanoparticle aggregation will signify a positive/negative signal for disease, analogous to the results of a disposable pregnancy test. As miRNAs are linked to cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic diseases, the proposed research is significant because it may catalyze low-cost, early-stage diagnosis of disease on a global scale. In addition, the proposed approach is innovative because it uses a radically different, non-PCR-based method for detecting miRNAs.  Under mentor supervision, the PI will transition from didactic study to research independence. Didactic activities include: i) attending biochemistry courses at Boise State to establish a foundation in the biological sciences, ii) enrolling in Bio-Track courses at NIH to acquire advanced knowledge in experimental techniques, iii) attending monthly MSTMRI seminars and case studies at St Luke's Medical Center to engage the medical community, iv) discussing weekly research results with the mentor to support the experimental, theoretical, and research conduct development of the PI, v) continued co-teaching of a journal club with the mentor to facilitate scientific literacy in the area of DNA nanotechnology, vi) continued teaching of an upper-division Biomaterials course to reinforce learning via teaching, vii) participating in conferences such as the Materials Research Society (MRS) and Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) to network, and viii) writing proposals alongside and independent of the mentor.
235                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \nABSTRACT: Candidate and Environment: Dr. Peter Fuerst will conduct the research contained within this\nproposal at Washington State University. Washington State University is an ideal environment in which to\nconduct advanced biomedical research using mouse models and in which to advance a research program.\nResearch Proposal: The research we propose will use mouse models to identify the molecular mechanisms\nunderpinning development of the retina. The mouse models, all developed by the applicant, include a\nconditional allele of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, as well as an allelic series of mouse\nmutant Dscam strains and a null allele of the Dscam homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1). Dscam and Dscam-\nLike1 are essential for normal development of the nervous system and Dscam is proposed to contribute to the\npathology of Down syndrome. In the retina, Dscam is required for soma mosaic spacing, regulation of cell\nnumber and neurite arborization and lamination. Our published results concerning Dscam and Dscaml1 are\nthe first demonstrations of mutations found to ablate mosaic patterning and the first genes shown to mediate\nisoneuronal and heteroneuronal repulsion in vertebrates. Specific Aims: We propose to use the Dscam and\nDscaml1 mutant mouse models to discover mechanisms underpinning development of the retina and to probe\nthe function of Dscam in the mammalian nervous system. This will be accomplished by testing the following\nhypotheses detailed in this research proposal. Hypotheses: 1) We will test the hypothesis that DSCAM\nmediates multiple distinct functions using an allelic series and conditional allele of Dscam mouse mutant lines\nto genetically and temporally isolate Dscam-dependent developmental processes. 2) We will test the\nhypothesis that DSCAM mediates adhesion between cell types and repulsion within cell types and that\nDSCAM activity in the retina is mediated by homophillic interactions and not by a ligand-receptor mechanism\nby using a conditional allele coupled to cell type specific deletion. 3) We will test the hypothesis that Dscam\nand Dscaml1 regulate normal developmental cell death. Long-term goals: This research will uncover\nfundamental aspects of neural organization and provide the funding necessary for Dr. Fuerst to establish a\nsuccessful academic career focused on hypothesis driven biomedical research.\n Significance: Neurite arborization, regulation of cell number and soma mosaic spacing are\nfundamental aspects of neurodevelopment that are not currently well understood at the molecular level in\nvertebrates. Our preliminary research indicates that DSCAM plays a vital role in mediating these processes in\nthe mammalian nervous system. Identifying mechanisms by which DSCAM functions using a series of mouse\nmutant alleles and a conditional allele will contribute to our understanding of nervous system development and\nthe causation of disorders associated with neural dysgenesis and also contribute valuable research models to\nthe neuroscience community.
236                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \nABSTRACT: Candidate and Environment: Dr. Peter Fuerst will conduct the research contained within this\nproposal at Washington State University. Washington State University is an ideal environment in which to\nconduct advanced biomedical research using mouse models and in which to advance a research program.\nResearch Proposal: The research we propose will use mouse models to identify the molecular mechanisms\nunderpinning development of the retina. The mouse models, all developed by the applicant, include a\nconditional allele of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, as well as an allelic series of mouse\nmutant Dscam strains and a null allele of the Dscam homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1). Dscam and Dscam-\nLike1 are essential for normal development of the nervous system and Dscam is proposed to contribute to the\npathology of Down syndrome. In the retina, Dscam is required for soma mosaic spacing, regulation of cell\nnumber and neurite arborization and lamination. Our published results concerning Dscam and Dscaml1 are\nthe first demonstrations of mutations found to ablate mosaic patterning and the first genes shown to mediate\nisoneuronal and heteroneuronal repulsion in vertebrates. Specific Aims: We propose to use the Dscam and\nDscaml1 mutant mouse models to discover mechanisms underpinning development of the retina and to probe\nthe function of Dscam in the mammalian nervous system. This will be accomplished by testing the following\nhypotheses detailed in this research proposal. Hypotheses: 1) We will test the hypothesis that DSCAM\nmediates multiple distinct functions using an allelic series and conditional allele of Dscam mouse mutant lines\nto genetically and temporally isolate Dscam-dependent developmental processes. 2) We will test the\nhypothesis that DSCAM mediates adhesion between cell types and repulsion within cell types and that\nDSCAM activity in the retina is mediated by homophillic interactions and not by a ligand-receptor mechanism\nby using a conditional allele coupled to cell type specific deletion. 3) We will test the hypothesis that Dscam\nand Dscaml1 regulate normal developmental cell death. Long-term goals: This research will uncover\nfundamental aspects of neural organization and provide the funding necessary for Dr. Fuerst to establish a\nsuccessful academic career focused on hypothesis driven biomedical research.\n Significance: Neurite arborization, regulation of cell number and soma mosaic spacing are\nfundamental aspects of neurodevelopment that are not currently well understood at the molecular level in\nvertebrates. Our preliminary research indicates that DSCAM plays a vital role in mediating these processes in\nthe mammalian nervous system. Identifying mechanisms by which DSCAM functions using a series of mouse\nmutant alleles and a conditional allele will contribute to our understanding of nervous system development and\nthe causation of disorders associated with neural dysgenesis and also contribute valuable research models to\nthe neuroscience community.
237                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT (of the Awarded Parent Grant)\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene transfer.\nBacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics, including\nthose that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development of strategies\nthat can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary processes that allow\nbacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired resistance plasmids often\ndo not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that single mutations in the bacterial\nhost, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others also identified critical mutations\nin chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions in bacteria may therefore be key\nto the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids. Unfortunately, the molecular\nmechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid persistence are unknown. Importantly,\nwe also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the bacteria to other MDR plasmids that they\nacquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred to as increased plasmid permissiveness).\nThis suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve as stable repositories for multiple MDR\nplasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of resistance genes. This possibility has never\nbeen tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution and mathematical modeling, we propose to\ntest the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-adapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to\ngreater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can expand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance\ntraits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are linked to the persistence of newly acquired\nMDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This will be done through achieving the following\nSpecific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid permissiveness after host/plasmid\ncoevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host adaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2)\ndetermine the effects of plasmid persistence and permissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug\nresistance; (3) determine the molecular mechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from\nmutations in accessory helicases. If our hypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one\nplasmid could lead to improved persistence of other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in\nthe same cell. Our findings will aid the development of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of\nantibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.
238                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
239                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: Evolution of Plasmid Host Range The dramatic spread of antibiotic resistance is a crisis in the treatment of infectious diseases that affect humans. Although plasmid-mediated gene transfer is now recognized as an important means for the spread of drug resistance, very little is known about the range of hosts to which plasmids can transfer, or if this range evolves over time. While some plasmids only transfer and stably replicate in a narrow range of hosts, so-called broad-host-range plasmids can transfer and replicate in distantly related bacteria, thereby shuffling resistance genes across taxonomic barriers. Understanding the features of the broad-host-range plasmids responsible for their ability to function in a wide range of bacterial hosts is therefore of both medical and fundamental interest. The research proposed builds on and extends the findings of previous studies, which showed that various mutations in the plasmid encoded Rep protein (TrfA) required for plasmid replication are sufficient to alter the host range of a broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid. The long-term goal of this project is to gain insight into the evolutionary patterns of host range shifts of drug resistance plasmids. Here we will explore the general mechanisms and dynamics of plasmid host range evolution by integrating data from experimental evolution of BHR and narrow host range (NHR) plasmids with statistical modeling of plasmid evolutionary dynamics. In this multi-disciplinary study, we propose to address the following specific aims: (1) Determine the evolutionary mechanisms of host range shifts by BHR and NHR plasmids; (2) Develop statistical models and simulations of plasmid evolutionary dynamics; (3) Determine the molecular mechanisms of plasmid host range shifts. In the future, this fundamental knowledge will support research into drug therapies based on restricting the horizontal transfer or stable replication of drug resistance or virulence plasmids in human pathogens. Restricting the spread and persistence of unwanted plasmids is a novel and promising avenue in the fight against human pathogens that could very well be part of future strategies to avoid escalation of this health crisis.  \n  \n
242                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
243                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: Evolution of Plasmid Host Range The dramatic spread of antibiotic resistance is a crisis in the treatment of infectious diseases that affect humans. Although plasmid-mediated gene transfer is now recognized as an important means for the spread of drug resistance, very little is known about the range of hosts to which plasmids can transfer, or if this range evolves over time. While some plasmids only transfer and stably replicate in a narrow range of hosts, so-called broad-host-range plasmids can transfer and replicate in distantly related bacteria, thereby shuffling resistance genes across taxonomic barriers. Understanding the features of the broad-host-range plasmids responsible for their ability to function in a wide range of bacterial hosts is therefore of both medical and fundamental interest. The research proposed builds on and extends the findings of previous studies, which showed that various mutations in the plasmid encoded Rep protein (TrfA) required for plasmid replication are sufficient to alter the host range of a broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid. The long-term goal of this project is to gain insight into the evolutionary patterns of host range shifts of drug resistance plasmids. Here we will explore the general mechanisms and dynamics of plasmid host range evolution by integrating data from experimental evolution of BHR and narrow host range (NHR) plasmids with statistical modeling of plasmid evolutionary dynamics. In this multi-disciplinary study, we propose to address the following specific aims: (1) Determine the evolutionary mechanisms of host range shifts by BHR and NHR plasmids; (2) Develop statistical models and simulations of plasmid evolutionary dynamics; (3) Determine the molecular mechanisms of plasmid host range shifts. In the future, this fundamental knowledge will support research into drug therapies based on restricting the horizontal transfer or stable replication of drug resistance or virulence plasmids in human pathogens. Restricting the spread and persistence of unwanted plasmids is a novel and promising avenue in the fight against human pathogens that could very well be part of future strategies to avoid escalation of this health crisis.  \n  \n
244                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Description With growing awareness of how pathogen adaptation impacts the battle against infectious disease, mathematical models of adaptation have become central to this fight. However, most of the theoretical work focuses on general patterns of adaptation, while the empirical work provides rich details specific to the pathogen under study. For those who wish to predict adaptation of a specific pathogen, the extensive biological information cannot be easily incorporated into existing models. The long term goal of this research is to develop a flexible framework for predicting evolution that is rich enough to accommodate empirical data from organisms that evolve in real time. The 'GPF' model proposed here builds on the knowledge that genotypes (G) affect phenotypes (P) and phenotypes affect fitness (F). This framework traces back to Fisher's geometric model, which serves as a baseline for comparison. There are three Aims. Aim 1: Test three key assumptions of the geometric model on viral phenotypes and fitness. In the G to P part of the GPF model, the assumptions that mutations show universal pleiotropy at the phenotype level and that phenotypic effects of mutations are additive at the phenotype level are tested. In mapping P to F, the model departs from the standard assumption of a multidimensional Gaussian function by allowing the relationship to emerge from a basic life-cycle model with observable phenotypes as predictors of fitness. These assumptions will be tested using a well-developed viral model system for which a large library of previously observed adaptive mutations is available. A subset of mutations will be engineered into single, double, and triple mutation combinations and assaying each at six phenotypic traits plus fitness. Aim 2: Synthesize the results of Aim 1 into a unified model, make predictions about adaptations and test them. Biologically reasonable modifications will be evaluated through model selection. Mathematical simulations under the refined GPF model will be used to make quantitative predictions about important general properties of adaptive walks, and these properties will be tested by carrying out adaptation in the laboratory. The model will be evaluated based on how close predictions match observed data. Aim 3: Use the unified model to design genomes and test predicted fitness. In this Aim, the GPF model will be refocused from general patterns to specific predictions about the phenotypes and fitnesses. Multistep genotypes will be engineered from the single mutations tested in Aim 1, their phenotypes and fitnesses assayed, and the results compared to predictions. Next, the growth environment will be altered in a specific way and the GPF model will have the more challenging task of predicting what multistep genotypes will have high fitness in the novel environment. These genotypes will be engineered, and their fitness assayed and compared to the GPF predictions and to laboratory adaptations in the novel environment. Finally, the predictive successes and failures will be critically evaluated to shed light on how future research can advance the larger goal of producing a predictive model of microbial evolution useful to the study of human pathogens.  \n  \n
246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Description With growing awareness of how pathogen adaptation impacts the battle against infectious disease, mathematical models of adaptation have become central to this fight. However, most of the theoretical work focuses on general patterns of adaptation, while the empirical work provides rich details specific to the pathogen under study. For those who wish to predict adaptation of a specific pathogen, the extensive biological information cannot be easily incorporated into existing models. The long term goal of this research is to develop a flexible framework for predicting evolution that is rich enough to accommodate empirical data from organisms that evolve in real time. The 'GPF' model proposed here builds on the knowledge that genotypes (G) affect phenotypes (P) and phenotypes affect fitness (F). This framework traces back to Fisher's geometric model, which serves as a baseline for comparison. There are three Aims. Aim 1: Test three key assumptions of the geometric model on viral phenotypes and fitness. In the G to P part of the GPF model, the assumptions that mutations show universal pleiotropy at the phenotype level and that phenotypic effects of mutations are additive at the phenotype level are tested. In mapping P to F, the model departs from the standard assumption of a multidimensional Gaussian function by allowing the relationship to emerge from a basic life-cycle model with observable phenotypes as predictors of fitness. These assumptions will be tested using a well-developed viral model system for which a large library of previously observed adaptive mutations is available. A subset of mutations will be engineered into single, double, and triple mutation combinations and assaying each at six phenotypic traits plus fitness. Aim 2: Synthesize the results of Aim 1 into a unified model, make predictions about adaptations and test them. Biologically reasonable modifications will be evaluated through model selection. Mathematical simulations under the refined GPF model will be used to make quantitative predictions about important general properties of adaptive walks, and these properties will be tested by carrying out adaptation in the laboratory. The model will be evaluated based on how close predictions match observed data. Aim 3: Use the unified model to design genomes and test predicted fitness. In this Aim, the GPF model will be refocused from general patterns to specific predictions about the phenotypes and fitnesses. Multistep genotypes will be engineered from the single mutations tested in Aim 1, their phenotypes and fitnesses assayed, and the results compared to predictions. Next, the growth environment will be altered in a specific way and the GPF model will have the more challenging task of predicting what multistep genotypes will have high fitness in the novel environment. These genotypes will be engineered, and their fitness assayed and compared to the GPF predictions and to laboratory adaptations in the novel environment. Finally, the predictive successes and failures will be critically evaluated to shed light on how future research can advance the larger goal of producing a predictive model of microbial evolution useful to the study of human pathogens.  \n  \n
248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):  Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects. Ramifications of HCMV infection are primarily observed in the central nervous system (CNS) and include hearing loss, vision loss, microcephaly and mental retardation. Despite considerable effort, the underlying mechanisms causing these CNS defects remain unknown. Our previously funded studies of HCMV interaction with the host cell DNA and its DNA repair machinery have identified three areas of particular interest to pursue. First, HCMV is one of only two viruses known to inflict site-specific chromosomal damage to the host DNA. Fine mapping of the chromosome 1q breaksites has revealed two genes, nidogen 1 (NID1) and myelin protein zero (MPZ), linked to the development of hearing loss in infected infants. Second, studies on DNA repair in HCMV infected permissive fibroblasts found that, although DNA damage responses were activated during infection, they were not completed. We suspect that compromised repair of specific and nonspecific DNA damage may play a role in the development of HCMV-induced birth defects. Third, we have recently begun working with a promising new in vitro model, the Neural Progenitor Cell (NPCs), and its derivatives. These cells, derived from post mortem neonatal brain tissue, provide a unique opportunity to investigate HCMV infection in a model system directly relevant to the human fetal CNS. NPCs, their glial derivatives, and the large majority of their neuronal derivatives, are fully permissive and suffer a lytic infection. However, a subpopulation of differentiated neurons, although permissive, exhibit extended viral antigen expression and release of virions. The long term goal of our work is to translate the information gained from studying infection in vitro, into understanding the development of CNS defects in congenitally infected infants. We propose examining clinical specimens for confirmatory evidence of the results found in our in vitro experiments. We have procured sample archival brain and auditory system tissues from neonates that have succumbed to HCMV infection, which will feature prominently in our proposed experiments. We will advance our long term goal with the testing of four hypotheses: 1) that a viral protein (or proteins) induces the site-specific breaks on Chromosome 1q; 2) that the compromised repair of HCMV-induced breaks causes downregulation of breaksite-encoded genes; 3) that HCMV disrupts the cellular DNA repair machinery's ability to repair non-specific damage in neural cells; and 4) that HCMV infection within the CNS affects expression of specific genes involved in differentiation, migration and cell function in NPCs and long-term neurons. The experiments described in this proposal will provide a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of HCMV-induced birth defects and contribute to the development of strategies to interrupt these mechanisms and, hopefully, prevent their frequently devastating consequences.  \n  \n
252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant):  Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects. Ramifications of HCMV infection are primarily observed in the central nervous system (CNS) and include hearing loss, vision loss, microcephaly and mental retardation. Despite considerable effort, the underlying mechanisms causing these CNS defects remain unknown. Our previously funded studies of HCMV interaction with the host cell DNA and its DNA repair machinery have identified three areas of particular interest to pursue. First, HCMV is one of only two viruses known to inflict site-specific chromosomal damage to the host DNA. Fine mapping of the chromosome 1q breaksites has revealed two genes, nidogen 1 (NID1) and myelin protein zero (MPZ), linked to the development of hearing loss in infected infants. Second, studies on DNA repair in HCMV infected permissive fibroblasts found that, although DNA damage responses were activated during infection, they were not completed. We suspect that compromised repair of specific and nonspecific DNA damage may play a role in the development of HCMV-induced birth defects. Third, we have recently begun working with a promising new in vitro model, the Neural Progenitor Cell (NPCs), and its derivatives. These cells, derived from post mortem neonatal brain tissue, provide a unique opportunity to investigate HCMV infection in a model system directly relevant to the human fetal CNS. NPCs, their glial derivatives, and the large majority of their neuronal derivatives, are fully permissive and suffer a lytic infection. However, a subpopulation of differentiated neurons, although permissive, exhibit extended viral antigen expression and release of virions. The long term goal of our work is to translate the information gained from studying infection in vitro, into understanding the development of CNS defects in congenitally infected infants. We propose examining clinical specimens for confirmatory evidence of the results found in our in vitro experiments. We have procured sample archival brain and auditory system tissues from neonates that have succumbed to HCMV infection, which will feature prominently in our proposed experiments. We will advance our long term goal with the testing of four hypotheses: 1) that a viral protein (or proteins) induces the site-specific breaks on Chromosome 1q; 2) that the compromised repair of HCMV-induced breaks causes downregulation of breaksite-encoded genes; 3) that HCMV disrupts the cellular DNA repair machinery's ability to repair non-specific damage in neural cells; and 4) that HCMV infection within the CNS affects expression of specific genes involved in differentiation, migration and cell function in NPCs and long-term neurons. The experiments described in this proposal will provide a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of HCMV-induced birth defects and contribute to the development of strategies to interrupt these mechanisms and, hopefully, prevent their frequently devastating consequences.  \n  \n
253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The University of Idaho will continue the IDeA INBRE Program by sponsoring statewide biomedical research at the BS/MS-granting institutions and two- and four-year colleges. With previous funding an unprecedented Network of research and educational collaborations among ten institutions in Idaho has been built. Successes include a doubling in the number of undergraduates pursing science and health-related careers (~1600 in 2004 to >3000 in 2008) and a >20-fold return on an eight year, ~$1.2 million seed grant investment that resulted in 65 extramural applications and over $26 million in new awards. The renewal proposes to continue/enhance successful programs to catalyze Idaho's transformation to competitiveness through core laboratory facilities, support services, faculty research, student educational and research opportunities, and community outreach. Also, prospects for collaboration across the Western IDeA region and with a CTSA are proposed. "Sustainability" strategies and institutional commitments are in place to carry on the fundamental support for research infrastructure and biomedical research opportunities when the INBRE Program sunsets. The proposal has Five Specific Aims: 1. To strengthen Idaho's biomedical research infrastructure and expertise by building on the established INBRE network with the scientific theme of "Cell Signaling"; 2. To provide support to Idaho faculty, post-doctoral fellows, and graduate students to increase the research base and capacity; 3. To provide research opportunities to Idaho undergraduate students and serve as a pipeline for these students to continue in health research careers; 4. To enhance the science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce; and 5. To expand Idaho research opportunities across the Western IDeA Region. The Aims will be met with an Administrative Core and Statewide Steering Committee that bring talented leaders representing all institutions together to guide the Network; an External Advisory Committee with expertise in "Cell Signaling", sustaining productive research programs, and higher education; and a Bioinformatics Core. Opportunities for faculty research at various participation levels will result in numerous intra- and inter-institution collaborations. Research faculty will be held to productivity standards and much emphasis will be placed on mentoring so that the best environment will be created for individuals to meet their goals. Finally, opportunities for students to participate in biomedical research will include undergraduate 2-week immersion labs, 10-week summer fellowships, academic year research, graduate student stipends, post-doctoral fellowships; and activities for K-12 science education.
256                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed:    \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure.   \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions.    \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states.    \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce.    \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region.    \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.    \r\n   \r\n
257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
260                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT SUMMARY\nThis Idaho INBRE Administrative Supplement will establish a collaboration between an INBRE-Developmental\nResearch Program Investigator, S Long, and an IDeA co-funded R01 principle investigator, D Mitchell. Dr.\nLong is a computer scientist with expertise in machine learning and computer-assisted image analyses. Dr.\nMitchell is a cell biologist/immunologist with expertise in retinal development/regeneration. The project is titled,\n‘Quantitative image analysis to determine the function of selected microglia-expressed genes in retinal\ndevelopment and regeneration’. There are three Specific Aims:\n Specific Aim 1. Develop a collaboration between the two investigators to enhance both projects and\n increase undergraduate student research opportunities.\n Specific Aim 2: Determine the requirement for selected microglia-expressed genes in retinal\n development and regeneration.\n Specific Aim 3: Develop an image analysis pipeline to support zebrafish retinal analyses.\nMicroglia are the resident phagocytes in the central nervous system and engulf and degrade pathogens,\napoptotic cells, and debris. In addition, these cells may be involved in retinal degenerative disease, injury,\nhomeostasis, development, regeneration, and/or crosstalk with Müller glia. The Mitchell laboratory did\ntranscriptome analysis of microglia/macrophage populations isolated from regenerating zebrafish retinas. From\nthis, a shortlist of five microglia-expressed genes of interest are identified. Zebrafish mutant lines are, or will\nbe, established for each gene. Real-time live confocal imaging will be done on wild-type, heterozygous, and\nhomozygous zebrafish lines to record microglial dynamics in developing or regenerating retinas. The Long\nlaboratory will develop an image analysis pipeline to automate the interpretation of the large datasets from\nthese experiments. The analyses will quantify microglia numbers and morphology, cell death, Müller glial\nproliferation, hypertrophy, migration of daughter cells, and expression of neural progenitor markers. The\nmachine learning techniques developed by the Long laboratory will relieve the bottleneck and potential biases\nin analysis of large image datasets from the Mitchell laboratory and allow rapid testing of microglia gene\nfunction. Strong preliminary data and investigator expertise indicate that this team will complete the proposed\nwork. The Long-Mitchell collaboration will provide a continuum of research opportunities for students by\ndelivering broadened student research experiences. Dr. Long has the expertise and the environment to propel\nstudents into Data Science, a needed complement for modern biological research. Undergraduate students will\nbe supported in both the Long laboratory at the primarily undergraduate institution, Lewis-Clark State College,\nand the Mitchell laboratory at the research-intensive, University of Idaho.
261                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
263                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT SUMMARY\nThe goal of the Idaho INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to perform\nand sustain biomedical research. This Team Science Supplement, Dynamic Cellular Events in Assembling the\nVertebrate Eye, will advance this goal by bringing together three University of Idaho (UI) investigators with\ncomplementary expertise in developmental neurobiology, immunology/glial biology/imaging, and image\nanalysis/computer vision to address a key knowledge gap in biomedical science. Project co-directors will focus\non the development of the vertebrate eye, and therefore will be directly in alignment with the Cell Signaling\nscientific theme of the Idaho INBRE-4 Program, as this organ carries out numerous developmental and functional\nsignaling activities. This Supplement project will pursue the spatiotemporal dynamics of relationships among\nneuronal progenitors, neurons, glia, and non-nervous system cell types using live confocal imaging of developing\nzebrafish embryos, and novel means of image/video analysis. The project will generate reference static and\ndynamic atlases of vertebrate eye development over the time of retinal development/differentiation and create\nimage and video analysis tools for the vision science community for systematic and quantitative comparison of\neye phenotypes. These resources will be made publicly accessible and interactive and will utilize the INBRE Data\nScience Core facility at the UI. This Core and its infrastructure were or are supported by IDeA (COBRE and\nINBRE) awards and institutionally by the UI. The three project co-directors, DL Stenkamp, DM Mitchell, and L\nNguyen all have strong research records and have mentored numerous trainees. This Supplement furthers their\nteam approach and will provide preliminary data for future collaborative studies and competitive grant proposals,\ncomplying with the goal of this funding Supplement. This team science approach will benefit each investigator\nthrough their collective effort and bring new perspectives to address this key knowledge gap in developmental\nbiology. The project research questions do not duplicate those currently being pursued by the parent Idaho\nINBRE-4 Program award. This Team Science Supplement to INBRE-4 encourages competitiveness that will\ncontinue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
265                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
266                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary/Abstract\nThis INBRE administrative supplement expands the capacity of Idaho to conduct women’s health research.\nThis proposed research is within the scope of the parent INBRE award #P20 GM103408. It fits within the broad\nand inclusive Idaho INBRE scientific theme of ‘cell signaling’, develops investigator research capacity, and\nprovides research opportunities to capable students. The study focuses on poor maternal lactation\nperformance that often accompanies diabetes mellitus. This metabolic disease occurs in 6-9% of pregnancies\nin the U.S and disproportionately affects rural populations and racial and ethnic minorities, which make up\nroughly 20% of Idaho’s population. The project hypothesis is that diabetes downregulates key genes that\nreduce mammary gland proteins involved in milk synthesis and affects mitochondrial biogenesis and\nrespiration. Mitochondrial changes can lead to impaired oxidative metabolism, oxidative stress, and\nconsequently poor lactation performance. The fundamental knowledge gained from the proposed project may\nlead to effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes for mothers and infants.\nWorldwide, breastfeeding rates continue to lag behind American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health\nOrganization targets. Low breastfeeding rates are a public health concern, with consequences for both infant\nand maternal health. A delay in the onset of milk production and low milk supply often occur with gestational,\ntype 1, and type 2 diabetes. It is unclear how maternal diabetes impairs lactation performance; however\nemerging evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a likely driver of these effects. Mitochondrial\ndysfunction and consequent oxidative stress in multiple tissues have been linked to diabetes pathology.\nFurther, optimal mitochondrial function enables provisioning of needed energy and substrates for milk\nsynthesis. The hypothesis will be tested in two specific aims. The first aim will identify structural and functional\nchanges in mammary mitochondria associated with diabetes. Experiments will use a rat model of gestational\ndiabetes compared to age-matched control rats. Milk volume and composition will be analyzed as metrics of\nlactation performance. Disparities in mitochondrial morphology and density will be imaged by electron\nmicroscopy. Differences in mitochondrial function will be measured by respiration and oxidative stress\ndifferences in mammary tissues. The second aim will investigate the molecular pathways underlying adverse\neffects of gestational diabetes on lactation performance. Metabolic disparities will be identified by quantitative\nRT-PCR and label-free shotgun proteomics. This study will increase the number of students training in\nwomen’s health-related biomedical sciences and provide preliminary data for an R01 proposal. The long-term\ngoal will be to develop targeted interventions for poor lactation to improve infant and maternal health.
267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT SUMMARY (30-lines)\nThis Idaho INBRE Program Administrative Supplement will fund a surveillance study of severe\nacute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a unique study population. It will\nleverage the IDeA-built advanced-level bioinformatics infrastructure at the University of Idaho to\nsequence and analyze the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state. Idaho is primarily\nrural, poor, and geographically remote. The state ranks at or near the bottom among all states in\nthe U.S. in health, education, socioeconomic status, and the number of primary-care physicians\nper capita. The study population will include the University of Idaho and the surrounding region.\nThe University of Idaho has the only repository of SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates in northern\nIdaho. Currently, there are 1,782 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and based on projections, this\nnumber will increase to >2,400 over the next months; 2,100 viral genomes will be sequenced,\nassembled, and coupled with metadata to determine associations with specific times\n(travel/holidays), gender, and age groups. This data will be used in collaboration with the Idaho\nDepartment of Health & Welfare and the COBRE in Matrix in Biology to track the pandemic in\nrural communities. The entire northern Idaho region is critically missing from the state’s\nsequencing strategy as almost no commercial labs or hospitals testing for SARS-CoV-2 have\nsaved positive samples. The proposal has three specific aims. Specific Aim 1 will sequence\nSARS-CoV-2 genomes from the unique Idaho study population and identify variants present\nover time. Specific Aim 2 will determine if SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with outbreak\nevents, specific times, and/or statewide travel by a highly mobile university student sub-\npopulation undergoing mandatory testing. Specific Aim 3 will determine how SARS-CoV-2\nvariants in the unique Idaho study population are distributed by gender and age groups. The\nmandatory university testing removes bias from a large subset of the positive samples and\nrepresents a unique opportunity to monitor the appearance and spread of new variants.\nPrevious and ongoing positive viral isolates are or will be appropriately stored and cataloged.\nCDC/NIH-recommended protocols, standards, and resources for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing and\ndata processing will be used. These analyses will contribute to our understanding of the\ndynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mutation, and the emergence of variants. SARS-CoV-2\nvariants are a major public health concern as they may increase infection rate, increase disease\nseverity, and/or undermine immunization strategies. This work will advance and improve SARS-\nCoV-2 variant surveillance in Idaho.
268                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
269                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
270                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
271                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed:    \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure.   \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions.    \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states.    \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce.    \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region.    \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.    \r\n   \r\n
272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
274                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT SUMMARY\nThis Idaho INBRE Program Administrative Supplement will fund equipment that improves the\nhigh-performance computing infrastructure in our Data Science Core facility at the University of\nIdaho (UI). This equipment will enhance the accessibility and impact of this IDeA-built core in\nthe Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences (IIDS). The IIDS is the legacy of 20-years of NIH\nIDeA investment through both the INBRE and COBRE funding mechanisms and is now\nindependent from NIH direct support. IIDS is one of three sites across Idaho that together\ncomprise the Idaho INBRE Data Science Core and serves investigators statewide. In FY21,\nIIDS core facilities supported the research of 83 faculty and 190 trainees from 9 different\nColleges, 30 academic departments, and 10 centers and institutes. Of these 273 researchers,\n70% of them relied in some way on computational infrastructure. IIDS is also a nexus of\nstatewide collaboration, offering services to all Idaho INBRE Network institutions. IIDS houses\nstate-of-the-art equipment, high performance computing infrastructure, secure data storage, and\ntechnical expertise in bioinformatics, data science, and software engineering. The requested\nequipment purchase will upgrade and enhance the previous and ongoing NIH IDeA investments\nin Idaho infrastructure, equipment, and faculty/staff related to bioinformatics, high performance\ncomputing and data science. The addition represents necessary upgrades to our existing\ncapacity for secure data storage, large scale bioinformatics analyses, and hardware suitable for\nAI applications. We have experienced dramatic surges in demand for computation and data\nstorage and anticipate that this demand will grow further as Idaho INBRE research activity\nincreases. Our current data storage systems (900 Tb) are over 90% full and the proposed\nequipment will effectively double our capacity while simultaneously replacing aging equipment.\nIn addition, this equipment request will add critically needed capacity to accommodate the\nincrease in demand for genome assemblies using long read sequencing data from our Pac Bio\nsequel II. Finally, GPU cards will meet the growing demand for hardware suitable for deep\nlearning and other AI research, a capacity not currently available at other sites within the Idaho\nINBRE network. Collectively, this INBRE Administrative supplement will add important\nequipment to enhance the capabilities for biomedical researchers state-wide.
275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed:    \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure.   \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions.    \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states.    \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce.    \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region.    \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.    \r\n   \r\n
276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed:    \n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure.   \n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions.    \n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states.    \n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce.    \n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region.    \nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.
277                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
278                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     This Administrative Supplement to University of Idaho INBRE Program establishes an INBRE-COBRE\nresearch collaboration. The project, Cellular Crosstalk Between Glioma and Blood-brain Barrier Endothelia,\nbrings together a neurobiologist and a cell physiologist to study glioblastoma multiforme, an aggressive brain\ncancer. The INBRE-Developmental Research Program Investigator, R. L. Daniels, and COBRE-project\ninvestigator, R.S. Beard will combine their talents and expertise. The partnership will enhance the quality of\nscientific work for both investigators and increase research opportunities for undergraduate students. Their\nlong-term goal is to better understand the cellular and molecular basis of glioblastoma multiforme pathobiology.\nBasic knowledge will contribute to future effective therapies. The hypothesis to be tested is that tumor-induced\nhypoxia initiates a positive-feedback loop between glioma cells and blood-brain barrier endothelia that\nultimately promotes tumor growth and migration. Strong preliminary data supports this idea. The Daniels\nlaboratory will use their expertise in culturing glioma cells and measuring cell signaling to test if hypoxic blood-\nbrain epithelia release enough ATP to induce glutamate discharge from recipient tumor cells. Conditioned\nmedia from blood-brain barrier endothelia grown for various times in normal or hypoxic conditions will be used\n(provided by the Beard laboratory). ATP in conditioned media will be measured with a colorimetric assay and\nthe media tested in glioma cultures. Calcium signaling coupled to glutamate secretion will be measured with a\nratiometric calcium probe and high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, the role of the P2X7 receptor\nin the mechanism of this cellular crosstalk will be confirmed using a receptor agonist, siRNA silencing, and\nmeasuring receptor gene expression. The Beard laboratory will use their expertise in culturing blood-brain\nbarrier endothelia and measuring cell signaling to test if glioma-derived glutamate directly induces barrier\ndysfunction. The contribution of glioma-derived glutamate to blood-brain barrier dysfunction by triggering the\nglutamate receptor, NMDAr, activation will be evaluated. The same cell culture models used in the Daniels\nlaboratory will be used except that mechanistic endpoints will evaluate endothelia barrier disruption in the\nhypoxic microenvironment surrounding necrotic cores in glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Comparable\nendothelia-injury studies will include challenging barrier endothelia monolayers with 1) glutamate, 2)\nconditioned medium from ATP-stimulated glioma, 3) conditioned medium from glioma cells or astrocytes grown\nunder hypoxic conditions, and 4) the direct effect on barrier dysfunction induced by co-culturing endothelia with\nglioma cells in hypoxic conditions using luminal/abluminal chambers of COL4-coated transwell inserts. The\nDaniels-Beard collaboration has strong institutional support and will use lDeA-built research core laboratories.\nBoth the Biomolecular Research Core and the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be used in this project. Boise\nState University supports this research with Core access and technical assistance
279                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
280                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
281                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed:    \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure.   \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions.    \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states.    \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce.    \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region.    \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.    \r\n   \r\n
283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed:    \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure.   \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions.    \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states.    \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce.    \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region.    \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.    \r\n   \r\n
284                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract\nThis INBRE administrative supplement expands the capacity of Idaho to conduct women’s health research.\nThe proposed research is within the scope of the parent INBRE award (P20 GM103408). The project fits within\nthe broad and inclusive Idaho INBRE scientific theme of ‘cell signaling,’ develops investigator research\ncapacity, and provides research opportunities to students. Compromised mental, cognitive, and emotional\nhealth is common in US women during the perinatal period, and those living in the rural frontier and remote\nWest are disproportionately affected. Factors underlying the high prevalence of these health disorders in\nwomen are complex, but poor diet is a suspected, prominent contributing factor. We propose a longitudinal,\nrepeated-measured, observational study of perinatal women living in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. We will\ntest the hypotheses that 1) perinatal dietary patterns of women in the rural frontier and remote West vary by\nkey demographic variables (e.g., household income) and 2) women consuming certain dietary patterns have\nbetter mental, cognitive, and emotional wellbeing assessments compared to those consuming other types of\ndiets. These hypotheses will be tested in two specific aims. The first aim will use validated tools to characterize\nacute and chronic perinatal dietary patterns of the study subjects and determine if variation in these patterns is\nrelated to household income and other key demographics. The second aim will use rigorous methodologies to\ndocument associations between dietary patterns and perinatal maternal mental health, cognitive function, and\nemotional wellbeing. Identification of dietary patterns associated with better maternal neurological health is the\nfirst step in designing interventions to facilitate positive behavior changes and improve prenatal care. As such,\nthis study will provide foundational data to inform the design of and sample size calculations for future studies.\nThis study will also increase the number of students with training in women’s health-related biomedical\nsciences and provide preliminary data for an R01 proposal. The long-term goal of our research program is to\nimplement nutrition education interventions to facilitate positive dietary and behavior changes and ultimately\nimprove nutritional and neurological health of women living in the rural frontier and remote West.
285                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Project Summary\nThis Administrative Supplement to the University of Idaho INBRE Program establishes an INBRE-COBRE\nresearch collaboration. The INBRE-Developmental Research Program Investigator, D. Xu, and COBRE-project\ninvestigator, B. Morrison, will combine their talents and expertise on a project titled, Computer-aided drug\ndevelopment coupled with allergic response biology to identify novel therapeutics. The project brings together\nXu’s computational biochemistry expertise in computer-aided drug development and Morrison’s cell and\nmolecular biology expertise in cell culture and immunology to investigate allergic hyperresponsiveness\ntherapeutics. The partnership will enhance the quality of scientific work for both investigators and increase\nresearch opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students. Allergic hyperresponsiveness is a common\nand debilitating health issue that results in a reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Prime examples\ninclude asthma, affecting ~26 million people in the U.S. and atopic dermatitis, affecting >18 million people in\nthe U.S. The investigators are focusing their efforts on IL-13RA1, a key receptor in allergic responses for which\nthere is no efficacious drug to block the negative effects of receptor binding. Strong preliminary data supports\nthe project. Using two INBRE Data Science Core facilities, a high-power in silico screen of NIH compound\nlibraries coupled with cell culture validation they found 40 potential drug candidates that inhibit the IL-\n13RA1/IL-4R complex. Among these candidates they identified a ‘lead’ compound, nicotinamide hypoxanthine\ndinucleotide, referred to as Drug 4. Their goals will be to, first, expand the ‘hit-to-lead’ search using 2D\nmolecular fingerprint and 3D pharmacophore to screen ~1 million compounds against Drug 4. Identified\ncompounds will be optimized using 3D visualization driven ligand design, free energy-based quantitative\nstructure-activity relationship (QSAR), and computational absorption, disposition, metabolism, excretion and\ntoxicity (ADMET) analyses. Second, Drug 4 specificity for human IL-13RA1/IL-4R signaling will be determined\nin cell culture. Receptor signaling will be tested using a lentiviral shRNA knockdown approach in human A549\nlung carcinoma cells. If disrupted, inhibition of ligand binding will be confirmed in the mouse cell line 3T3-L1\nthat expresses and responds to both IL-13 and IL-4. This strategy will be applied for all drug candidates\nidentified. The Xu-Morrison collaboration has strong institutional support and will use lDeA-built research core\nlaboratories. Two INBRE-initiated research cores will be used in this project, the Biomolecular Research\nCenter at Boise State University and the Molecular Research Core Facility at Idaho State University.
286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \nSUMMARY/ABSTRACT\n The long-range objective of the proposed research is to determine the cellular and molecular events\nthat lead to the differentiation of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. We continue our emphasis on the\nroles of extracellular factors in regulating photoreceptor diversity and differentiation, as the work of the current\nfunding period has demonstrated the significance of these factors not only for photoreceptor differentiation, but\nalso for photoreceptor fate and for photoreceptor maintenance. Our work has provided in vivo evidence that\nthe extracellular factor retinoic acid (RA) influences rod vs. cone neurogenesis when supplied to late retinal\nprogenitors. In addition, RA selectively regulates the differentiation of specific photoreceptor populations when\nsupplied later in retinal development. These regulatory functions are distinct from those of the extracellular\nfactor Hedgehog (Hh), which is required for differentiation of all photoreceptor types, and which is required\nthroughout the lifespan for cone photoreceptor maintenance. In the proposed award period, we will build on\nthese studies through the evaluation of specific extracellular factors on photoreceptor fate and differentiation,\nexamining cell-selective effects on networks of genes involved in rod and cone determination, differentiation,\nand in photoreceptor pathology. We apply a combination of genetic, molecular, pharmacological, histological,\ncomputational, and bioinformatics tools to the zebrafish model. We will test the following hypotheses:1) that RA\nand Notch signaling control rod vs. cone fate; 2) that the microenvironmental factors RA and Hh selectively\nmanipulate cell-specific gene networks during photoreceptor differentiation; and 3) that limiting quantities of Hh\nsignaling throughout the lifespan will engage a photoreceptor damage response.
288                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
289                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
290                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
291                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the generation of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon plasticity and commitment of photoreceptor progenitors and precursors, with an emphasis on retinoid signaling as a mechanism for controlling photoreceptor fate. During the current funding period we demonstrated that retinoid treatment causes "dedicated cone progenitors" to generate rods, and that the tandemly duplicated zebrafish long wavelength-sensitive ("red" or L) opsin genes, LWS1 and LWS2 (orthologous to the human L/M cone opsin array) can be regulated by retinoids. These findings offer opportunities to probe the plasticity of photoreceptor progenitors, determine mechanisms through which differential expression of tandemly duplicated opsin genes is achieved, and suggest the enticing prospect of targeted pharmacological manipulation of photoreceptor phenotypes and ratios of these phenotypes in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Retinoid receptors are highly conserved among vertebrates. The zebrafish is exceptional for studies involving small molecules such as retinoids, and offers genetic resources for manipulation and measurement of retinoid signaling, and for identification of cone progenitors and specific photoreceptor types. Naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids already see use in the clinic and in photoreceptor differentiation protocols from human ES and iPS cells, making translational applications of our findings not only likely, but rapid. Our proposed studies will tet the central hypothesis that retinoid signaling via specific receptors is an endogenous regulatory mechanism underlying photoreceptor progenitor plasticity, and apply this information in the contexts of regenerative and stem cell approaches for photoreceptor replacement, with the following Specific Aims: 1. Identify and analyze retinoid signaling-dependent plastic states in cone progenitors. 2. Determine the mechanisms through which retinoid signaling regulates cone progenitor plasticity. 3. Determine the fates and plasticity of cone progenitors during retinal regeneration. These studies will reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity of photoreceptor progenitors, generating information necessary to manipulate photoreceptor phenotypic fates in concert with the application of cell replacement therapies for human retinal degenerations.   \r\n   \r\n
292                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
293                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
294                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to
296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
297                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
298                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
299                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
300                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The association between human microbiomes and health has garnered a great deal of scientific and popular\nattention. By allowing rapid and inexpensive characterization of microbial community composition, modern\nsequencing has uncovered enormous microbial diversity. Determining the presence versus absence of microbes\nis insufficient however; we need to understand how dysfunctional microbiomes form and how to repair them. A\ncritical step toward the goal of promoting the assembly of microbial communities that support health is to predict\ntheir temporal dynamics. There remains, however, a critical gap: untangling causation from correlation. Simply\nstated, we are currently unable to interpret the biological and clinical relevance buried within the extreme\ncomplexity of microbial communities. Our long-term goal is to advance microbiome research by a) developing\nnew models that capture causality in microbial interactions; and b) developing tools to interpret the relevance of\nmicrobial interactions for human health. Before the development of data analysis pipelines, we need to establish\ntheoretical underpinnings upon which to base the methods. We have three aims focused on developing such\ntheory. (1) Develop molecule-mediated models of microbial interactions. Existing statistical approaches for\nmodeling the temporal dynamics of microbiomes are built on assumptions that are rarely valid for microbial\ncommunities and thus can be profoundly misleading. Misspecified models may mislead researchers toward poor\nprediction of dynamics, or worse, prescription of a misguided treatment that enhances rather than inhibits a\nmicrobial species of interest—a major problem if the species of interest is a pathogen. We will assess the\npredictive power of statistical time-series models given realistic molecule-mediated interactions in synthetic data\nand develop new statistical methods that account for time-varying interactions. (2) Predict stability of a\nmicrobiome. Even when interactions that govern microbial population dynamics are well estimated, these\ninteractions may not be directly relevant to human health. Rather, we may want to predict higher-level properties\nof a microbiome such as its resilience. Resilience—the ability of a microbiome to maintain and recover function\nin the face of perturbations such as by antibiotics or opportunistic pathogens—is related to the mathematical\nconcept of stability. We will develop new measures to capture the resilience of the microbiome. (3) Predict other\nhigh-level microbiome properties. Often a property of the microbiome in its entirety is of interest, such as the\nability to regulate pH or metabolize a toxin. Borrowing from population genetic theory, we will develop novel\nmathematical models to predict the temporal dynamics of traits associated with the microbiome. Together, these\naims will greatly enhance our understanding and interpretation of the temporal dynamics of microbial\ncommunities, and lay the foundation for our capacity to influence their trajectories toward desired outcomes.\nThis research will provide a critical step in enhancing our ability to assess risk, design synthetic microbial\ncommunities to perform tasks, and manipulate microbiomes to promote health.
301                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n� outlined here: \n \n� Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n� Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n� James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n� T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n� Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n� Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n� Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
303                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
304                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
305                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
308                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
309                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
310                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
311                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
312                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
313                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
314                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
315                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n� outlined here: \n \n� Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n� Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n� James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n� T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n� Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n� Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n� Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
323                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary/Abstract – Beard\nOver the past decade, evidence has been mounting concerning the importance of the extracellular matrix\n(ECM) in development and maintenance of cellular differentiation, especially in endothelial cells that form the\nblood-brain barrier (BBB). Alterations within the ECM can negatively impact normal cellular functions, such as\nthe upregulation and localization of occlusive proteins to endothelial cell-cell contacts where they form\njunctional complexes to prevent passage of fluids, solutes, and cells through paracellular pores. Tight junction\n(TJ) proteins, such as claudin-5 (CLDN5), are critical for sealing these gaps and forming the BBB. Under\nnormal conditions, ECM proteins in the basement membrane contribute to enhancing the barrier properties of\nthe BBB, as evidenced by a more BBB-like phenotype in brain endothelial cells when cultured on substrates\ncomprising known BBB ECM proteins, although the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. While\nseveral vital constituents of the ECM have been identified as necessary for BBB integrity, major gaps in\nknowledge include what changes within the BBB ECM occur during inflammatory injuries that result in barrier\ndisruption, as well as how ECM-EC interactions transduce intraendothelial signaling to regulate EC TJs. Our\nlong-term goal is to elucidate endothelial-specific signaling pathways that are responsible for BBB dysfunction\nduring inflammation. The overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated regulation of\nCLDN5-dependent BBB function during homeostasis and inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for\nthe isoform-specific function of AKT2 in maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a\nproinflammatory role for two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5\ndownregulation during neuroinflammation. The central hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of\nendothelial-derived SLRPs that act in an autocrine fashion to interfere with ECM-dependent regulation of\nCLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This hypothesis was derived from several preliminary findings\ngenerated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the proposed research is that a better understanding\nof matrix pathobiology will translate into a better understanding of the pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in\ninflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS),\nstroke, traumatic injuries, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, all of which collectively account\nfor suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States and a cost burden of over 300 billion dollars\nannually. The proposed research is significant, as it is expected the data derived from these studies will not\nonly establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of endothelial cell biology, but it will also provide\nnew mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to provide a basis for\nthe development of new therapeutic targets.
325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
335                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
336                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n� outlined here: \n \n� Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n� Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n� James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n� T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n� Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n� Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n� Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
339                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
340                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to\nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort\nhas been from individual laboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have\ndeveloped between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the\nresearch skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized\nmechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the\nbroad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence\n(COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have\ngenerated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix\nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to\nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research\ninfrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix\ninteractions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation\nand technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium\nCore, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of\nextracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the\npathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name\na few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new\ncollaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information,\nideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nmatrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established\ninvestigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.
341                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Summary/Abstract Alteration and Renovation\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 A&R request is to improve two distinct Core laboratory spaces at Boise State University\n(BSU), a primarily undergraduate institution in the Network. Funding will support the creation of a Biorepository\nand a Bioengineering Core. The Biorepository improvement will provide a centralized place for investigators to\nstore bacterial, animal, plant, and human cell-line stock cultures, genetic constructs, natural isolates, and\nhighly purified proteins. Here, samples will be cataloged, maintained, and made available to investigators using\nbest practices. The A&R request will improve a 292 sq ft space within the BSU Science Building, room 201,\nand will include plumbing, flooring, new cabinetry, and the installation of a -86°C freezer. The Biorepository will\nbe open for use by the statewide INBRE scientific network and COBRE and CTR investigators. The second\nspace, the Bioengineering Core, will provide a centralized facility for bioprinting and the use of bioreactors for\ncell-based studies. The renovation will include 1,710 sq ft in the Micron Engineering Center, rooms 308, 313,\n313A, and 314. HVAC improvements, laboratory-grade cabinetry, and a biosafety cabinet are requested. The\nBioengineering Core will be open to collaborators in the statewide scientific Network, COBRE, and CTR\ninvestigators. Management of the Biorepository and Bioengineering Core shared facilities will rely on the\ncentralized infrastructure put in place by the previous Idaho INBRE awards. There is strong institutional\nsupport for this A&R request (See Letter of Support #70). The improvements fit within the overall goals of the\nIdaho INBRE program to improve Idaho's capacity in biomedical research and to support work within the\nINBRE-4 scientific theme of Cell Signaling. Information and outcomes will be shared with the IDeA community\nthrough participation at statewide, regional, and national meetings, and through publication on the websites of\nIdaho INBRE and the BSU Biomolecular Research Center (part of the INBRE Bioinformatics Core Facility).\nCore facility information will be included in the National IDeA Core Laboratory (NICL) database.
342                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
343                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
344                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
346                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
347                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
348                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
349                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
350                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
351                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
352                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
353                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
354                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
355                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
356                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
357                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
358                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
359                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
360                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
361                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
362                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
363                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
364                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
366                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n¿ outlined here: \n \n¿ Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n¿ Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n¿ James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n¿ T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n¿ Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n¿ Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n¿ Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
367                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
368                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
370                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
371                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
372                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females. Early detection of breast tumors is critical to\nincreasing the survival of women diagnosed with this disease. Accurate computer-aided detection of breast\ntumors could improve early detection but requires segmentation, a process that provides the precise tumor\nlocation, size, boundary, and shape. Existing breast tumor segmentation approaches are sensitive to small\nchanges in image quality (e.g., intensity, contrast, noise, artifacts), limiting their application in early detection of\nbreast cancer. The goal of the proposed project is to overcome current limitations by building tumor\nsegmentation methodologies that are robust to variations of image quality. We will use breast ultrasound\nimages due to the noninvasive, painless, nonradioactive, and cost-effective nature of the imaging procedure.\nWe propose the following specific aims to achieve this goal. (1) Model human breast anatomy. In clinical\nexamination, the knowledge of breast anatomy helps radiologists distinguish between breast tissues. In this\naim, we will develop a graphical model to represent the spatial relationship of different breast layers and to\nhelp distinguish tumor regions from normal regions. We will develop a new mathematical tool called tissue\nconnectedness for modeling breast anatomy in ultrasound images. Tissue connectedness allows for the\nidentification of different breast tissues and helps distinguish a breast tumor from normal tumor-like regions\n(e.g., artifacts, fat). (2) Model the visual saliency of breast tumors. Visual saliency is a property that makes an\nobject in images stand out from neighboring objects. We will overcome the invalid assumption made in\nprevious approaches that there is at least one tumor in the image by developing a robust model for estimating\nvisual saliency of breast tumors. With the help of this model, we will detect all possible tumor regions that\nwould attract a radiologist’s attention, with no output of salient regions when no tumor exists in an image. (3)\nDevelop a domain-enriched deep learning framework for tumor segmentation. A deep learning-based\nframework will be developed to integrate the output of models from Aims 1 and 2 and will lead to an overall\nmodel that segments breast tumors. We will train and test the approach using 1800 breast ultrasound images\nfrom four medical schools collected using five different ultrasound devices. Seven quantitative metrics will be\napplied to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Discrepancies between\ncomputational and manual tumor segmentation will be used to refine the models. Success of the proposed\nproject will enhance methodologies for robust and reproducible breast ultrasound image segmentation and\nbroaden the use of computer-aided diagnosis for early detection of breast cancer.
373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
374                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
375                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
376                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
377                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
378                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
379                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n¿ outlined here: \n \n¿ Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n¿ Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n¿ James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n¿ T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n¿ Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n¿ Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n¿ Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
381                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
391                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex diseases often involve changes in DNA sequence, transcription, and epigenetic processes such as\nmethylation. These changes lead to a wide range of symptoms or multiple subtypes of the same disease. In\norder to develop more effective treatments for different disease subtypes, we need to better understand the\ngenes and processes (i.e., transcription and methylation) that drive these differences. Unfortunately,\nidentification of genes and processes that underlie a disease is often compromised by inference based on\ncorrelation, not causation. Our long-term goal is to develop computational methods to infer gene regulatory\nnetworks that are causal for multiple clinical phenotypes using genomic and clinical data of complex diseases.\nIn this project, we will develop and test new statistical approaches to identify regulatory networks involving both\ntranscription and methylation that are potentially causal for disease subtypes. Our strategy is to use the\nprinciple of Mendelian randomization. This assumes that the alleles of a genetic variant are randomly assigned\nto individuals in a population, analogous to a natural perturbation experiment. Whereas most existing methods\nfor studying interactions among genes look at correlation (or association), this principle allows us to separate\ncorrelation due to causation from correlation not due to causation. We will develop our approaches via three\nspecific aims and will use breast cancer as the disease model: (1) Develop a causal network model using\ngenotypes, expression and methylation of single genes. (2) Develop a causal network model to identify\nindividual genes whose transcription or methylation is causal for multiple clinical phenotypes. (3) Develop a\ncausal network model to identify combinations of genes whose transcription or methylation are causal for\nmultiple clinical phenotypes. The models and algorithms developed in this proposal will allow us to make\ncausal statements about the two processes at multiple genes and account for confounding variables, neither of\nwhich has been examined before in similar studies. These models will identify key genes for specific breast\ncancer subtypes and the roles for transcription and methylation when many genes are involved, leading to\nbetter diagnoses and development of novel drug targets.
392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Summary – Fitzpatrick\nOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition affecting over one third of the US population over age 65.\nAnalysts expect numbers to rise over the coming decades, given the increasingly aging and obese population.\nKnee OA is most prevalent, and can result in severe pain and debilitation. Since articular cartilage has little\nregenerative ability, no treatment offers a cure. Therefore, preventing OA initiation and limiting progression is\ncritical to reducing incidence and severity. Historically, clinicians have seen OA as a “wear-and-tear” condition\ndriven by mechanical loads. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that initiation and progression is\nmultifaceted. Our goal is to enhance researcher and clinician understanding of OA and improve their ability to\npredict and then treat early onset and progression. Our objective is to develop the data-driven computational\nmodels needed to quantify interactions between the biomechanical, structural, and biological factors. Our\nhypothesis is that particular combinations of mechanical, structural, and biological factors effectively predict\nOA, and a computational model can help researchers and clinicians to quantify interactions and significantly\nimprove their ability to apply effective early intervention strategies. Results would have an enormous functional,\nsocial, and economic impact across an aging population. Our proposed work focuses on three applications of\ncomputational modeling to understand OA: (1) longitudinal cartilage degeneration and relationship to baseline\nbiological and bioimaging markers, (2) the adaptive response of cartilage structure to biological and\nmechanical inputs, and (3) evaluation of computational models as a potential guidance tool for surgical,\nrehabilitation, or musculoskeletal adaptation. Our long-term vision is to develop a computational platform that\nwe can efficiently customize for individual subjects to represent their key biomechanical, structural, and\nbiological parameters, enabling pre-clinical evaluation of surgical interventions or of therapies such as\nexercise/muscle training programs or gait adaptation strategies.
394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
                                                                                                                                                                          project_title
1                                                                                                                                                 COBRE in Nutrition and Women's Health
2                                                                                                                                                                         Research Core
3                                                                                                                                                           Research Project - RPL Chen
4                                                                                                                                                           Research Project - RPL Lane
5                                                                                                                                                             Alteration and Renovation
6                                                                                                                                                                   Administrative Core
7                                                                                                                                                          Research Project - RPL Brown
8                                                                                                             Novel Hybrid Computational Models to Disentangle Complex Immune Responses
9                                                                                                                            Bridges to the Baccalaureate Research Training Program T34
10                                            Eradicating Misconceptions about Viruses using Multimodal Trace Data in an Intelligent Game-based Environment across Educational Contexts
11                                                                                                                          FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TESTING CORE (FaCT CORE)
12                                                                                                             Emerging Technologies for Early Detection of Distal Leg Stress Fracture.
13                                                                                                                           Optimizing Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.
14                                                                                                                                      Convergent Engineering and Biomolecular Science
15                                                                                Development and validation of a smart harness to study babies with developmental dysplasia of the hip
16                                                                                                                                                                  Administrative Core
17                                                                                                             Novel technique to detect microcracks in the progression of Osteoporosis
18                                                                                                              Sequence-structure-function relationships in human visual photopigments
19                                                                                                                             Investigating tyrosine phosphorylation of Notch proteins
20                                                                                                                   Identifying phage-bacteria interactions using a multispecies model
21                                                                                                              Chemical tools to investigate chain-flipping in quorum signal synthases
22                                                                                                              Chemical tools to investigate chain-flipping in quorum signal synthases
23                                                                                   Effects of sex-dependent susceptibility to CNS inflammatory demyelination on the intestinal mucosa
24                                                                                    Targeting the GABA-modulator microbiota against the progression of CNS inflammatory demyelination
25                                                                                                          Chemical probes to modulate acyl-homoserine lactone quorum signal synthesis
26                                                                                                          Chemical probes to modulate acyl-homoserine lactone quorum signal synthesis
27                                                                                                    Regulation of the DYRK1A kinase by the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule DSCAM
28                                                                                                          Harnessing endothelial cell transdifferentiation for cardiovascular therapy
29                                                                                                       Biogenic amines, malaria and manipulation of mosquito physiology and behavior.
30                                                                                                       Biogenic amines, malaria and manipulation of mosquito physiology and behavior.
31                                                                                                                Live Cell Imaging System for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Research
32                                                                                                                                     Southwest Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate Program
33                                                                                                                                     Southwest Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate Program
34                                                                                                  3D in vitro model of skeletal muscle development using stiffening silk biomaterials
35                                                                                                                  Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Inflammatory Cytokine Oncostatin M
36                                                                                                     Role of Distortion Energy in Fibroblast-Mediated Remodeling of Collagen Matrices
37                                                                                                            An Engineered Robotic Plasma Array for Large Area Surface Decontamination
38                                                                                                      The role of aberrant gene expression in chlamydial persistence and reactivation
39                                                                                                      The role of aberrant gene expression in chlamydial persistence and reactivation
40                                                                                                       Regulation of Collagen Type I Expression by Chaperone-Mediated mRNA Remodeling
41                                                                                                       Regulation of Collagen Type I Expression by Chaperone-Mediated mRNA Remodeling
42                                                                         Generating Accurate Estimates of Required Sample Size for Multilevel Implementation Studies in Mental Health
43                                                                         Generating Accurate Estimates of Required Sample Size for Multilevel Implementation Studies in Mental Health
44                                                                                                                                      Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
45                                                                                                                                      Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
46                                                                                                                           OSM-induced IL-6 and ER status in metastatic breast cancer
47                                                                                                                                      Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
48                                                                                   Genetic Factors Mediating Thyroid Hormone-Induced Opsin Switching in Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptors
49                                                                                   Genetic Factors Mediating Thyroid Hormone-Induced Opsin Switching in Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptors
50                                                                                   Genetic Factors Mediating Thyroid Hormone-Induced Opsin Switching in Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptors
51                                                                                                                                      Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
52                                                                                                                                      Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
53                                                                                                                                      Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
54                                                                                                                                      Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
55                                                                                                                                      Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
56                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
57                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
58                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
59                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
60                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
61                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
62                                                                                                                                  Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
63                                                                                                                        Diversification of outputs from the Notch signaling mechanism
64                                                                                                                                         Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
65                                                                                                                                         Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
66                                                                                                                      Diversity Supplement:  Determinants of Hsp90-client interaction
67                                                                                                                                         Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
68                                                                                                                                         Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
69                                                                                                                                         Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
70                                                                                               Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
71                                                                                               Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
72                                                                                               Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
73                                                                                               Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
74                                                                                               Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
75                                                                                                     Role of Distortion Energy in Fibroblast-Mediated Remodeling of Collagen Matrices
76  Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
77  Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
78  Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
79  Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
80  Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
81  Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
82                                                                                              Establishing a Novel Neural Tissue Deformation Biomarker for Type 1 Chiari Malformation
83                                                                                              Establishing a Novel Neural Tissue Deformation Biomarker for Type 1 Chiari Malformation
84                                                                                                         Determination of the signals that control the chlamydial developmental cycle
85                                                                                                         Determination of the signals that control the chlamydial developmental cycle
86                                                                Musculoskeletal adaptation of young and older adults in response to environmental, physical, and cognitive conditions
87                                                                                                                          Dynamically Controlled Plasma Scalpel for Wound Debridement
88                                               Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
89                                               Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
90                                               Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
91                                               Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
92                                               Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
93                                                                                                     Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
94                                                                                                     Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
95                                                                                                     Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
96                                                                                                     Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
97                                                                                                                                              Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
98                                                                                                                       HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
99                                                                                                                       HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
100                                                                                                                      HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
101                                                                                                                      HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
102                                                                                                       Controlling matrix metalloproteinase activity for engineered tendon formation
103                                                                                                       Controlling matrix metalloproteinase activity for engineered tendon formation
104                                                                                                               Efficacy of a Web-Based Alcohol Intervention for High School Students
105                                                                                                               Efficacy of a Web-Based Alcohol Intervention for High School Students
106                                                                                                                        Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
107                                                                                                                        Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
108                                                                                                                        Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
109                                                                                                                        Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
110                                                                                                                         Autophagy dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease by VPS35 D620N
111                                                                                                                                    The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
112                                                                                                                                    The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
113                                                                                                                                    The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
114                                                                                                                         OFF bipolar cell receptive field development and plasticity
115                                                                                                                                    The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
116                                                                                                                         OFF bipolar cell receptive field development and plasticity
117                                                                                                                                    The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
118                                                                                                                                    The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
119                                                                                                                                              Engineering Viruses for Cancer Therapy
120                                                                                                                                              Engineering Viruses for Cancer Therapy
121                                                                                                                       Development of Novel Antibiotics to Treat Protozoan Parasites
122                                                                                                          Equipment for Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Genome by 3D Orbital Tracking
123                                                                                                                        Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Genome by 3D Orbital Tracking
124                                                                                             Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Transcription and Splicing by Two Photon 3D Orbital Tracking
125                                                                                                                                         Ocular vasculature and retinal neurogenesis
126                                                                                                                                         Ocular vasculature and retinal neurogenesis
127                                                                                                   Midgut mitochondria as the key to fit, Plasmodium-resistant Anopheline mosquitoes
128                                                                                                            COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES 
129                                                                                                            COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES 
130                                                                                                            COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES 
131                                                                                                            COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES 
132                                                                                                                                     A Mathematical Theory of Transmissible Vaccines
133                                                                                                                         Autophagy dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease by VPS35 D620N
134                                                                                                                                                      Synapses in Regenerated Retina
135                                                                                                                                                      Synapses in Regenerated Retina
136                                                                                              Acyl-homoserine lactone signal fidelity enforcing mechanism in bacterial communication
137                                                                                                      Causal inference of gene regulatory networks with application to breast cancer
138                                                                                                      Causal inference of gene regulatory networks with application to breast cancer
139                                                                                                      Causal inference of gene regulatory networks with application to breast cancer
140                  Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications, recommended safety procedures, and education
141                  Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications, recommended safety procedures, and education
142                  Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications, recommended safety procedures, and education
143                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
144                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
145                                                                                                                                          Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
146                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
147                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
148                                                                                                                                 Deep learning for breast ultrasound tumor detection
149                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
150                                                                                                                                 Population dynamic models of microbial interactions
151                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
152                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
153                                                                                                                          Causal network inference with application to breast cancer
154                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
155                                                                                                                                 Deep learning for breast ultrasound tumor detection
156                                                                                                                          Causal network inference with application to breast cancer
157                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
158                                                                                                                                          Disease severity during viral co-infection
159                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
160                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
161                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
162                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
163                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
164                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
165                                                                                                                                          Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
166                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
167                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
168                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
169                                                                                                                                            Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
170                                                                                                             Sequence-structure-function relationships in human visual photopigments
171                                                                                                                  Identifying phage-bacteria interactions using a multispecies model
172                                                                                                            Identification of mRNA targets of small regulatory RNAs in P. gingivalis
173                                                                                                            Identification of mRNA targets of small regulatory RNAs in P. gingivalis
174                                                                                                              Nucleoid structure and energy metabolism in chlamydial gene expression
175                                                                                                              Nucleoid structure and energy metabolism in chlamydial gene expression
176                                                                                                                                                       Center of Biomedical Research
177                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
178                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
179                                                                                                                                                        Biomedical Research Vivarium
180                                                                                                                                                       Center of Biomedical Research
181                                                                                                                                                       Center of Biomedical Research
182                                                                                                                                                        Biomedical Research Vivarium
183                                                                                                     VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
184                                                                                           Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
185                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
186                                                                                           Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
187                                                                                                                                                                Administrative Core 
188                                                                                                                                                                       Vivarium Core
189                                                                                                    Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch, 
190                                                                                                                                            Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
191                                                                                                                                                       Center of Biomedical Research
192                                                                                                                                                       Center of Biomedical Research
193                                                                                                                                                       Center of Biomedical Research
194                                                                                                                                                        Biomedical Research Vivarium
195                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
196                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
197                                                                                                                                  SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Studies in Southwest Idaho
198                                                                                  Effects of sex-dependent susceptibility to CNS inflammatory demyelination on the intestinal mucosa
199                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
200                                                                                                                                 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
201                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
202                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
203                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
204                                                                                                                                                        Biomedical Research Vivarium
205                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
206                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
207                                                                                                           Role of mechanical stress in mitigating chemotherapy-associated bone loss
208                                                                                                                                       Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
209                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
210                                                                                                 3D in vitro model of skeletal muscle development using stiffening silk biomaterials
211                                                                                                     VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
212                                                                                           Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
213                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
214                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
215                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
216                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
217                                                                                                     VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
218                                                                                                                 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
219                                                                                                                                             Acquisition of a Dynamic Imaging System
220                                                                                                                                       University of Idaho Campus Suicide Prevention
221                                                                                                                                       University of Idaho Campus Suicide Prevention
222                                                                                                                                                  Autoinductive Signal Amplification
223                                                                            Nuclear Localization of an Amino-Terminal Fragment of Apolipoprotein E4 in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain
224                                                                                                                    Molecular Mechanisms of ApoE4 Proteolysis in Alzheimer's Disease
225                                                                                 Examining the neurobehavioral and toxic effects of an amino-terminal fragment of ApoE4 in zebrafish
226                                                                                                         COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
227                                                                                                         COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
228                                                                                                         COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
229                                                                                                         COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
230                                                                                                         COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
231                                                                                                           Identification and Characterization of an Integrin - Notch Signaling Axis
232                                                                                                                         Low Cost Diagnosis of Disease using Synthetic DNA Reactions
233                                                                                                                         Low Cost Diagnosis of Disease using Synthetic DNA Reactions
234                                                                                                                         Low Cost Diagnosis of Disease using Synthetic DNA Reactions
235                                                                                                       Role of molecular recognition in retinal patterning and synaptic organization
236                                                                                                       Role of molecular recognition in retinal patterning and synaptic organization
237                                                                   THE ORIGIN AND SPREAD OF MOSAIC PLASMIDS ENCODING MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE(Research Supplement to Promote Diversity)
238                                                                                                           Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
239                                                                                                           Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
240                                                                                                           Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
241                                                                                                   Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: The Evolution of Plasmid Host-Range
242                                                                                                           Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
243                                                                                                   Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: The Evolution of Plasmid Host-Range
244                                                                                                           Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
245                                                                                                                                                      Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
246                                                                                                                                                      Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
247                                                                                                                                                      Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
248                                                                                                                                                      Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
249                                                                                                                                                      Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
250                                                                                                                                                      Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
251                                                                                                                                 Repair of HCMV-Induced DNA Damage in Infected Cells
252                                                                                                                                 Repair of HCMV-Induced DNA Damage in Infected Cells
253                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
254                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
255                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
256                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
257                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
258                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
259                                                                                                                                              Developmental Research Project Program
260                                                 Quantitative image analysis to determine the function of selected microglia-expressed genes in retinal development and regeneration
261                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
262                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
263                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
264                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
265                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
266                                                           Idaho INBRE Women's health: contribution of mammary mitochondrial dysfunction to poor milk production in diabetic mothers
267                                                                                              Idaho INBRE SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance using viral genome sequencing and analyses
268                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
269                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
270                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
271                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
272                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
273                                                                                                                                              Developmental Research Project Program
274                                                                                                               Idaho INBRE Program- UI Equipment Upgrade for INBRE Data Science Core
275                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
276                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
277                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
278                                                                                                                Cellular Crosstalk Between Glioma and Blood-brain Barrier Endothelia
279                                                                                                                                              Developmental Research Project Program
280                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
281                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
282                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
283                                                                                                                                                                 Idaho INBRE Program
284                                                        Women's health: interplay of maternal diet and key demographics on neurological health in the rural frontier and remote West
285                                                          Idaho INBRE Program- Computer-aided drug development coupled with allergic response biology to identify novel therapeutics
286                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
287                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
288                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
289                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
290                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
291                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
292                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
293                                                                                                                                             Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
294                                                                                                                                                  Computational Resources Core (CRC)
295                                                                                                                                                  Computational Resources Core (CRC)
296                                                                                                                                                  Computational Resources Core (CRC)
297                                                                                                                                                       Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
298                                                                                                                                  TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
299                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
300                                                                                                                                 Population dynamic models of microbial interactions
301                                                                                                                                                             The Administrative Core
302                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
303                                                                                                                                                                 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
304                                                                                                                                                                       Vivarium Core
305                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
306                                                                                                    Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch, 
307                                                                                                                                            Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
308                                                                                                                                                                Administrative Core 
309                                                                                                    Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch, 
310                                                                                                                                            Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
311                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
312                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
313                                                                                                                                                       Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
314                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
315                                                                                                                                          Disease severity during viral co-infection
316                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
317                                                                                                                                                       Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
318                                                                                                    Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch, 
319                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
320                                                                                                                                              Developmental Research Project Program
321                                                                                                                                                             The Administrative Core
322                                                                                                                                          Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
323                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
324                                                                                                                                     Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
325                                                                                                     VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
326                                                                                                                                                       Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
327                                                                                                                                  TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
328                                                                                                    Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch, 
329                                                                                                                                       Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
330                                                                                                                                            Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
331                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
332                                                                                                                                            Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
333                                                                                                                                 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
334                                                                                                                                       Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
335                                                                                                                                                       Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
336                                                                                                                                          Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
337                                                                                                                                                             The Administrative Core
338                                                                                                                                          Disease severity during viral co-infection
339                                                                                                                                          Disease severity during viral co-infection
340                                                                                                                                                                 Consolidation Core 
341                                                                                                                                                    Alteration & Renovation (at PUI)
342                                                                                                                                                  Computational Resources Core (CRC)
343                                                                                                                                                                 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
344                                                                                                                                                               RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
345                                                                                                                                                                       Vivarium Core
346                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
347                                                                                                                                                                Administrative Core 
348                                                                                                                                                                       Vivarium Core
349                                                                                                                                 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
350                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
351                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
352                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
353                                                                                                                                                     Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
354                                                                                                                                              Developmental Research Project Program
355                                                                                                                                                                Administrative Core 
356                                                                                                                                                                       Vivarium Core
357                                                                                                                                  TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
358                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
359                                                                                                                                       Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
360                                                                                                                                 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
361                                                                                                                                          Disease severity during viral co-infection
362                                                                                                                                          Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
363                                                                                                                                          Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
364                                                                                                                                          Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
365                                                                                                                                          Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
366                                                                                                                                                             The Administrative Core
367                                                                                                                                                                 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
368                                                                                                                                                               RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
369                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
370                                                                                                                                                               RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
371                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
372                                                                                                                                 Deep learning for breast ultrasound tumor detection
373                                                                                                                                                                 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
374                                                                                                                                                               RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
375                                                                                                                                  TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
376                                                                                                                                                                Administrative Core 
377                                                                                                                                 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
378                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
379                                                                                                                                                             The Administrative Core
380                                                                                                                                                                 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
381                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
382                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
383                                                                                                                                          Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
384                                                                                                                                                               RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
385                                                                                                                                  TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
386                                                                                                                                                                 Administrative Core
387                                                                                                                                                          Biomolecular Research Core
388                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
389                                                                                                                                          Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
390                                                                                                                                                                       Modeling Core
391                                                                                                                          Causal network inference with application to breast cancer
392                                                                                                                                                        Biomedical Research Vivarium
393                                                                              A Systems-level Computational Approach to Investigate the Initiation and Progression of Osteoarthritis
394                                                                                           Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
395                                                                                                                                       Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
396                                                                                                                                                  Computational Resources Core (CRC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT NARRATIVE – OVERALL COMPONENT\n Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Nutrition and Women’s Health\nInadequate or imbalanced nutrition is one of the most interwoven, unifying themes underlying poor health\namong women across the lifespan. This COBRE will support research leading to evidence-based practices to\nimprove women’s health through better nutrition. This research addresses the roles of gender in health and\ndisease; promotes participation of women in clinical nutrition research; and integrates sex as a biological\nvariable in basic, preclinical, and translational nutrition research.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Innate immune manipulation holds enormous promise for reducing the severity of infections and other \nhuman diseases. A new family of computational tools will be developed for predicting the multidimensional \ntime events of the innate immune that prevent mortality during lethal respiratory viral infections. Without \nsuch a mathematical framework in place, the design of immunotherapies will be slowed, or worse, \ndangerous, and faulty.
9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PROJECT NARRATIVE\nWhile scientific talent is distributed broadly across the United States, opportunities to develop such talent are\nnot. We have identified a partnership between the University of Idaho (U of I) and North Idaho College (NIC) as\na mechanism to bring biomedical research training opportunities to students in Northern Idaho who would not\notherwise have them. Our program will provide students enrolled at NIC an opportunity to engage in independent\nresearch before and after transfer to U of I to complete a biomedical bachelor’s degree, with the long-term goal\nof increasing the size and diversity of the biomedical research workforce.
10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nPublic misconceptions about infectious diseases are a growing threat to our nation’s ability to\ncombat disease outbreaks. This project seeks to use innovative and compelling game-based\nsimulations to remediate misconceptions about infectious diseases. These simulations will be\npart of an integrated educational program designed to build systems thinking and data literacy\nskills and increase the awareness of and enthusiasm for biomedical careers.
11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT NARRATIVE\nNeurostimulation is a proven treatment for Parkinson’s disease and promising for many other brain diseases\nsuch as epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. However, two of the greatest challenges of this treatment is that it\nrequires a bulky, invasive device and a long period of manual adjustment to provide the best treatment for a\npatient. This project will develop a next-generation closed-loop neurostimulation system that can dynamically\nadjust stimulation based on measured brain signals and validate the system in a rodent model of Parkinson’s\ndisease.
14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT NARRATIVE ─ OVERALL\nThe goal of this proposed COBRE in Convergent Engineering and Biomolecular Science (CEBS) is to support\nthe growth of multidisciplinary collaborative research at Boise State University and build research infrastructure\nthrough the creation and consolidation of research core facilities. The Center will also provide expertise,\ntraining, and mentoring in convergent research to help Research Project Leaders to become independent\ninvestigators. Together, these efforts will contribute to creation of a nationally recognized biomedical research\ncenter supporting the growing critical need in human healthcare for the development of medical devices and\nsensors.
15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Narrative:\nThe Notch signaling mechanism is emerging as a central control point through which\ncellular microenvironment regulates cell behavior in both healthy and diseased tissues.\nOur data has uncovered a novel collaboration between integrins, Src kinase, and Notch\nthat we hypothesize regulates Notch response to several microenvironmental stimuli.\nThe main goal of this proposal is to understand microenvironmental regulation of Notch\nby integrins and Src kinase, and how this impacts vascular health.
20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will validate tools for determining chain flipping rate constants in\nAHL quorum signal synthase enzymes. This information is critical to achieve selectivity in quorum sensing\ninhibition. Small molecules that selectively modulate quorum sensing will provide valuable leads for\ndeveloping novel antivirulent compounds in antibacterial therapy.
22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will validate tools for determining chain flipping rate constants in\nAHL quorum signal synthase enzymes. This information is critical to achieve selectivity in quorum sensing\ninhibition. Small molecules that selectively modulate quorum sensing will provide valuable leads for\ndeveloping novel antivirulent compounds in antibacterial therapy.
23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nReduced serum and intestinal levels of the inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are\nfound in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Because of their role modulating GABA/Glutamate levels, intestinal\nmicrobes can be targeted for GABAergic, inhibitory, and immunomodulatory effects. We propose that the\nmicrobiota and its impact on systemic and neural GABA metabolism are key contributing factors to the clinical\nprogression of MS. Our goal is to determine whether increased intestinal and systemic GABA levels induced\nby treatment with a probiotic designed to enhance its synthesis will decrease inflammation by promoting\nimmunomodulatory T cell responses in a murine model of MS. Furthermore, following the undergraduate\nresearch culture of EWU the interdisciplinary envision of the project will provide an opportunity for\nundergraduate students from EWU and graduate students from WSU to obtain training in biomedical research,\nwith particular focus on the gut-brain interactions.
25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will provide foundation data on AHL specificities for a broader\narray of AHL synthases. This information is critical to evaluate the potential of AHL analogs as\nchemical probes to discover novel binding pockets and modulators for AHL quorum signal\nsynthases. Small molecules that modulate quorum sensing will provide new and valuable tools to\nphysicians to reduce infection rate and defeat multi-drug resistant organisms.
26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will provide foundation data on AHL specificities for a broader\narray of AHL synthases. This information is critical to evaluate the potential of AHL analogs as\nchemical probes to discover novel binding pockets and modulators for AHL quorum signal\nsynthases. Small molecules that modulate quorum sensing will provide new and valuable tools to\nphysicians to reduce infection rate and defeat multi-drug resistant organisms.
27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nCell adhesion molecules help to sculpt the nervous system and their abnormal expression has been linked to a\nrange of human diseases including autism, blindness and schizophrenia. How interactions at the cell surface\ndetected by cell adhesion molecules are then transduced into outcomes remains poorly understood. Here we\nwill utilize mouse models to test how signaling molecules associated with cell surface receptors contribute to\nneural development.
28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The proposed work will determine if cardiac myocytes are naturally replenished in adult mice through\ntransdifferentiation of endothelial cells or if endothelial cells make cytoplasmic contributions to cardiac\nmyocytes through extracellular vesicle transfer. This question will be explored using advanced cell\nlineage tracing methods. Knowledge gained from the proposed study could lead to an improved\nunderstanding and the development of novel strategies that harness endothelial cell function for\ncardiovascular therapies.
29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nNearly 60% of the global population is at risk for malaria, a disease caused by mosquito-borne parasites that\ncirculate in human blood. These studies focus on two molecules, histamine and serotonin, which circulate in\nblood, are associated with dangerous symptoms of malaria, and are ingested by mosquitoes when they feed\non blood. We hypothesize that ingested histamine and serotonin alter mosquito physiology to favor malaria\nparasite transmission, suggesting that future interventions to block these small molecules in humans would\nreduce both disease and mosquito transmission.
30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nNearly 60% of the global population is at risk for malaria, a disease caused by mosquito-borne parasites that\ncirculate in human blood. These studies focus on two molecules, histamine and serotonin, which circulate in\nblood, are associated with dangerous symptoms of malaria, and are ingested by mosquitoes when they feed\non blood. We hypothesize that ingested histamine and serotonin alter mosquito physiology to favor malaria\nparasite transmission, suggesting that future interventions to block these small molecules in humans would\nreduce both disease and mosquito transmission.
31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Project Narrative\nThis equipment is designed to examine structure and function of live cells under external mechanical stimuli.\nUnderstanding how signals associated with physiological force regulate cellular function is of paramount interest\nfor potential therapeutic interventions and poised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and\nprevention of musculoskeletal decline as seen in cancer, aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal\nconditions.
32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe T34 Bridges to the Baccalaureate proposal is designed as a continuation of the Southwest Idaho Bridges\nto Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) Program, an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho currently\nfunded by the NIH R25 mechanism. The SWID B2B program supports both the transition of underrepresented\n(UR) students from College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise\nState University and their successful graduation. This B2B program has established the long-term goal of\nincreasing the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in\nthe biomedical sciences. The short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR\nstudents who transfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and the number of UR\nstudents that graduate from BSU, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. This\nprogram will include annual cohorts of 10 UR students and will also benefit many others through enhanced\ncourses and information regarding the biomedical research career landscape.
33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe T34 Bridges to the Baccalaureate proposal is designed as a continuation of the Southwest Idaho Bridges\nto Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) Program, an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho currently\nfunded by the NIH R25 mechanism. The SWID B2B program supports both the transition of underrepresented\n(UR) students from College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise\nState University and their successful graduation. This B2B program has established the long-term goal of\nincreasing the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in\nthe biomedical sciences. The short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR\nstudents who transfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and the number of UR\nstudents that graduate from BSU, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. This\nprogram will include annual cohorts of 10 UR students and will also benefit many others through enhanced\ncourses and information regarding the biomedical research career landscape.
34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROJECT NARRATIVE/RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH\nDespite new drugs, as well as improved screening and detection methods, the survival rate for breast cancer\npatients with distant metastases remains a dismal 27%. Therapeutics targeting early stages of metastasis, when\nintervention could be most efficacious, are sorely needed. Our long-term goal is to develop a drug that blocks\nthe action of oncostatin M (OSM)—a protein implicated in the early stages of breast cancer metastasis and in\nother diseases.
36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                SPECIFIC AIMS\nIn 2016, the Northwest Tissue Mechanics laboratory launched a standalone software application called\nFiberFitTM. This free software tool was developed to quantify material anisotropy in biological tissue. Material\nanisotropy describes the directional dependence of the material structure, and the mechanical and chemical\nbehavior of biological tissue is regulated by the anisotropy of fibrillar networks. Two essential structural\nparameters that mathematically describe the material anisotropy in fibrillar soft tissue are the mean fiber\norientation and the distribution of the fiber orientations, also called fiber dispersion. The accurate measurement\nof these parameters is of major importance in understanding structure-function relationships at molecular and\nmacroscales in biological systems, and in the engineering of advanced materials, including textiles,\nelectrospun scaffolds, and fiber reinforced composites. FiberFit is the first and only software application to 1)\nfully automate the extraction of these parameters, 2) evaluate multiple images simultaneously, and 3) provide\nvalidation of system accuracy. FiberFit software can be freely downloaded to use on Windows and Mac\noperating systems.\nIn the parent R15 application, “Role of Distortion Energy in Fibroblast-Mediated Remodeling of Collagen\nMatrices”, FiberFit is used extensively to quantify changes in fibrillar anisotropy when applying variable cyclic\nloading conditions to three-dimensional cellular scaffolds. The tracked spatiotemporal changes in fibrillar\nalignment are then used in a growth and remodeling algorithm to describe and predict fibroblast-mediated\nremodeling and repair of the extracellular matrix. FiberFit has now been used in five previous publications from\nthe PI’s lab, and has been used outside the PI’s lab, including the quantification of structural changes in\ntumors, liver, and muscle, and within the cell cytoskeleton. These publications showcase the extremely broad\nuserbase that FiberFit has the potential to support. The two-dimensional images analyzed by FiberFit can be\nacquired from numerous imaging modalities, including light and fluorescence microscopy, SEM, TEM, SHG,\nand optical cameras. Length scales can vary from molecular to macroscopic, and materials can be biological,\ninorganic, or engineered.\nDespite the functional advantages and free access of FiberFit, the adoption of FiberFit into research\nlaboratories has not achieved it’s potential. One clear barrier to the widespread adoption of FiberFit is the\ninherent challenges in running and maintaining standalone software on operating systems that evolve and\ndiscourage non-certified applications (e.g. Mac). This barrier can be eliminated by transitioning FiberFit to the\ncloud. As a cloud-based application, FiberFit could be run on most operating systems and devices, and\nfunctionality could be improved with user accounts that store images and preferences. The objective of this\nproject is to re-engineer FiberFit to be a robust, intuitive, and sustainable cloud-based application.\nAim 1: Re-engineer FiberFit to be cloud ready\nThe python based FiberFit application will be re-engineered and be deployed as a public cloud-based\napplication. Development of this software will follow best design practices for a robust and scalable software\nplatform. A sequential testing framework will be utilized to ensure that the software can be easily adopted by\nthe end users. This first aim will be completed by a senior software engineer who leads efforts in cloud\ndeployment at Boise State University\nAim 2: Promote widespread community adoption of FiberFit\nA successful launch of FiberFit will require supportive documentation and pre-processing features to\nencourage broad adoption. Documentation will include user manuals, video tutorials, embedded notifications,\nand helpful rollover captions. Pre-processing features will allow image cropping and reduction of edge effects.\nInitial deployment will follow a two-tier strategy of gradually increasing usership. To increase community\nawareness, a workshop featuring FiberFit will be proposed for the World Congress of Biomechanics\nconference. This second aim will be completed by the software engineer, a computing student, and the PI.\nWe anticipate that this project will take 9-12 months. With a successful launch, we believe that FiberFit can\nimpact thousands of research projects in disparate fields around the world. In the future, we envision that\nFiberFit will become a suite of automated and validated image processing tools that provide turn-key solutions\nto accelerate the pace of discovery in biomedical sciences and material science and engineering.
37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Public Health Relevance Statement\nThe proposed project is relevant to public health because it provides new decontamination technology to inactivate viruses\nand bacterial pathogens on surfaces in medical facilities such as walls, door handles, and tables that contribute to the\nspread of disease, and result in significant increases in facility and healthcare costs. This new technology consists of an\nautonomous robotically deployed plasma treatment device to clean surfaces without using harsh chemical disinfectants or\nrequiring constant operation by cleaning personnel.
38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Narrative:\nChlamydia trachomatis infections in humans affect millions of people worldwide, affecting the\nreproductive health of women and causing eye infections leading to blindness. Treatment failure\nand recurrent infections are significant problems contributing to the pathogenesis of these infec-\ntions. Our studies will uncover the molecular details leading to cell phenotypes that lead to per-\nsistent infections.
39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Narrative:\nChlamydia trachomatis infections in humans affect millions of people worldwide, affecting the\nreproductive health of women and causing eye infections leading to blindness. Treatment failure\nand recurrent infections are significant problems contributing to the pathogenesis of these infec-\ntions. Our studies will uncover the molecular details leading to cell phenotypes that lead to per-\nsistent infections.
40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Narrative\nPathological fibrosis is a result of abnormal tissue repair, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality\nworldwide. The hallmark of fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular collagen, which our work aims to\naddress by studying the cellular mechanisms of collagen synthesis. This project will enhance our collective\nunderstanding of how to better treat fibrosis while providing opportunities for undergraduate students to gain\nhands-on experience in biomedical research.
41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Narrative\nPathological fibrosis is a result of abnormal wound healing, which can lead to organ failure with an estimated\n45% of all deaths in industrialized countries attributed to chronic fibrotic diseases. The hallmark of fibrosis is\nthe accumulation of extracellular collagen, which our work aims to address by studying the cellular\nmechanisms of collagen synthesis to enhance our collective understanding of how to better treat fibrosis. This\nproject will provide opportunities for undergraduate students to gain hands-on experience in biomedical\nresearch.
42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nImplementation science studies how to improve the adoption and integration of evidence-based health\ninterventions in community settings. One important barrier to progress in this field is related to study design—\nscientists do not have key pieces of information they need to accurately determine the required sample size for\ntheir implementation studies. The proposed project addresses this barrier by analyzing data from already\ncompleted implementation studies in behavioral health settings, extracting the necessary pieces of information,\nand summarizing and publishing these results for the field.
43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nImplementation science studies how to improve the adoption and integration of evidence-based health\ninterventions in community settings. One important barrier to progress in this field is related to study design—\nscientists do not have key pieces of information they need to accurately determine the required sample size for\ntheir implementation studies. The proposed project addresses this barrier by analyzing data from already\ncompleted implementation studies in behavioral health settings, extracting the necessary pieces of information,\nand summarizing and publishing these results for the field.
44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       NARRATIVE\nThe proposed work will clarify the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) status in the regulation of oncostatin M\n(OSM)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression associated with metastatic breast cancer. Understanding how\nOSM regulates IL-6 production from tumor cells and how this contributes to overall metastasis in an ER- versus\nan ER+ background is essential, as studies move forward in the development of anti-OSM/OSMRβ targeted\ntherapeutics.
47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, similar to those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, similar to those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, similar to those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in\naging might be, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that\nintra-cellular connectivity maintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes\nmay be the key aspect regulating the nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for\npotential therapeutic interventions and poised to lay the foundation for novel advances in\ntreatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline as seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and\nother musculoskeletal conditions.
62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Project Narrative\nNotch signaling is a fundamental mechanism by which multicellular animals regulate cell\nbiology. Despite years of research, we have discovered new and fundamental facets to\nNotch signaling. The goal of this research is to dissect these new components of Notch,\nand integrate our findings into the larger knowledge base of information about this\nimportant signaling system.\n 
64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.
67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe proposed project is relevant to public health because tendon and ligament tears affect over 15 million in\nthe United States each year, and these soft connective tissues have poor healing outcomes that can lead to\nchronic musculoskeletal disorders. Given the impact of these injuries on workplace productivity and quality of\nlife, there is a pressing need to help scientists and clinicians improve treatment options by identifying specific\ntissue deformations that stimulate the repair and regeneration of connective tissue.
76                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Project Narrative\nEfficacious psychosocial interventions fail to realize their potential public health impact without\nroutine availability in publicly funded mental health care. To fill this critical gap, this proposed\nsupplement supports an early career implementation scientist to pursue an independent\nresearch agenda aiming to leverage existing workforce development infrastructure and harness\ninnovative methods to avoid common implementation strategy design failures, such as poor\nconsideration of salient and malleable determinants of necessary practice changes. This mixed\nmethods study takes the essential first steps toward generating a pragmatic and scalable\nimplementation strategy to enhance the ubiquitous, cost-neutral, and impactful intervention point\nof routine workplace-based clinical supervision to promote fidelity to evidence-based practices\nand improve youth clinical outcomes.
79                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
80                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Narrative\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Unfortunately, at present there is no clear-cut biomarker that reflects CM1\npathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection. This project seeks to replace the\nsimplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel MRI-based biomarker that\nquantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the brain and spinal cord.
83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Project Narrative\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Unfortunately, at present there is no clear-cut biomarker that reflects CM1\npathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection. This project seeks to replace the\nsimplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel MRI-based biomarker that\nquantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the brain and spinal cord.
84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Narrative\nChlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia as\nwell as other infections of man. Our study investigates the factors that control the unique\ndevelopmental cycle that underlies chlamydial pathogenesis. Understanding the control of the\ncycle will lead to novel targets to disrupt chlamydial pathogenesis.
85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Narrative\nChlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia as\nwell as other infections of man. Our study investigates the factors that control the unique\ndevelopmental cycle that underlies chlamydial pathogenesis. Understanding the control of the\ncycle will lead to novel targets to disrupt chlamydial pathogenesis.
86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT NARRATIVE\nAccidental falls among people aged 65 years and older cause approximately 2.7 million injuries, 27,000\ndeaths, and cost more than 34 billion dollars in the US annually. Musculoskeletal adaptations in response to\nchallenging external conditions, like a slick surface, are poorly understood. This work will quantify the response\nof the musculoskeletal system and how this response changes with aging, providing critical insight into\ntargeted interventions to reduce costly human injuries.
87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Public Health Relevance Statement\nThe proposed project is relevant to public health because it provides new treatment options to replace harsh\ncleaning procedures used in the wounds that afflict over 6 million U.S. patients, at $25 billion in annual health\ncare costs. The project team will develop a portable and inexpensive plasma scalpel device that can selectively\nremove bacterial biofilms and dead tissue from a wound, while leaving healing healthy tissue unharmed.\nUndergraduate and graduate students in science and engineering will receive training in medical device\nresearch and development, increasing workforce preparedness for 21st century careers in biomedical sciences.
88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally-relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate’s extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally‐relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate's extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally‐relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate's extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally‐relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate's extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Narrative\n The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the plasticity of photoreceptor\nprogenitors, and of the photoreceptors themselves. Manipulation of these cells will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury. In addition, this project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-\nreplicated” visual pigment genes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-\nsensitive visual pigments.
98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Tendon injuries significantly disrupt human motion and result in long-term deficiencies in mechanical function,\nmotivating the need for tissue engineered replacements. A common tendon tissue engineering strategy is to\nseed collagen scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells, but this approach is challenged by the need to regulate\nboth scaffold remodeling for functional tissue formation and the differentiation of the stem cells toward the\ntendon lineage. We will identify mechanisms for regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and\nremodeling of scaffolds to enhance engineered tendon formation needed for functional replacements.
103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Tendon injuries significantly disrupt human motion and result in long-term deficiencies in mechanical function,\nmotivating the need for tissue engineered replacements. A common tendon tissue engineering strategy is to\nseed collagen scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells, but this approach is challenged by the need to regulate\nboth scaffold remodeling for functional tissue formation and the differentiation of the stem cells toward the\ntendon lineage. We will identify mechanisms for regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and\nremodeling of scaffolds to enhance engineered tendon formation needed for functional replacements.
104                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nUnderage drinking represents a significant public health concern in this United States. Although high\nschool seniors are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with alcohol use,\nstudies evaluating the efficacy of interventions for this age group are limited. This project will directly\ntest a cost-effective, sustainable school-based intervention and identify ways in which the intervention\nmay need to be modified for high school seniors, thereby having the potential to significantly reduce the\npublic health and social problems associated with underage drinking.
105                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nUnderage drinking represents a significant public health concern in this United States. Although high\nschool seniors are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with alcohol use,\nstudies evaluating the efficacy of interventions for this age group are limited. This project will directly\ntest a cost-effective, sustainable school-based intervention and identify ways in which the intervention\nmay need to be modified for high school seniors, thereby having the potential to significantly reduce the\npublic health and social problems associated with underage drinking.
106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will define a disease mechanism for a Parkinson's disease-causing mutation (D620N) in VPS35. We have evidence indicating that this mutation causes dysregulation of the transcriptome through modulation of RNA-binding protein activity leading to inhibition of autophagy. Knowledge gained from the proposed study could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
114                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Adult neurons are not able to make new connections as easily as developing neurons are, however, future\ntherapies aimed at regeneration and repair of neural circuits in the adult nervous system depend critically on\nthe formation of such connections. Here, we will study a recently discovered cell population that has the\nunusual ability to make new connections into adulthood, but under normal conditions does not grow new axons\nor dendrites, so that no new cells are contacted. We will manipulate this cell population to induce axon and\ndendrite outgrowth using transgenic methods, and determine if this model harnesses the potential to form\nstable, functional connections with new cells.
115                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
116                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Adult neurons are not able to make new connections as easily as developing neurons are, however, future\ntherapies aimed at regeneration and repair of neural circuits in the adult nervous system depend critically on\nthe formation of such connections. Here, we will study a recently discovered cell population that has the\nunusual ability to make new connections into adulthood, but under normal conditions does not grow new axons\nor dendrites, so that no new cells are contacted. We will manipulate this cell population to induce axon and\ndendrite outgrowth using transgenic methods, and determine if this model harnesses the potential to form\nstable, functional connections with new cells.
117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
118                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
119                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PROJECT NARRATIVE\nVirus functionalized with both masking and targeting features will be developed in this project.\nThe engineered virus is expected to limit its exposure to the immune system and prolong its\ncirculating time in the bloodstream, thereby allowing for targeting tumor cells and then\nfacilitating therapeutic efficacy. 
120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PROJECT NARRATIVE\nVirus functionalized with both masking and targeting features will be developed in this project.\nThe engineered virus is expected to limit its exposure to the immune system and prolong its\ncirculating time in the bloodstream, thereby allowing for targeting tumor cells and then\nfacilitating therapeutic efficacy. 
121                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe work described in this proposal will establish a fundamentally new family of antibiotics to treat infections\ncaused by the parasitic microorganism Giardia intestinalis, which is responsible for more than 200 million annual\ncases of diarrheal disease worldwide. Increasing reports of treatment failure with standard antibiotics (e.g.\nmetronidazole) make the development of new drugs to combat these infections critically important. Furthermore,\nthe interdisciplinary nature of this project will provide an opportunity for undergraduate students from the College\nof Idaho and Boise State University to gain experience in biomedical research and the process of preclinical\ntesting involved in drug development.
122                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Narrative\nFluorescence imaging of transcription in living cells allows us to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene\nregulation in the nucleus. The goal of this research is to develop and implement tools to monitor all relevant\nlength and time scales required for researchers to characterize complex and transient biological processes\nrelated to human health and disease.
123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Public Health Relevance/Narrative\nFluorescence imaging of transcription in living cells allows us to visualize the spatiotemporal\ndynamics of gene regulation in the nucleus. The goal of this research is to develop and\nimplement tools to monitor all relevant length and time scales required for researchers to\ncharacterize complex and transient biological processes related to human health and disease.
124                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Public Health Relevance/Narrative\nFluorescence imaging of transcription in living cells allows us to visualize the spatiotemporal\ndynamics of gene regulation in the nucleus. The goal of this research is to develop and\nimplement tools to monitor all relevant length and time scales required for researchers to\ncharacterize complex and transient biological processes related to human health and disease.
125                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Narrative\n The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the function of developing\nvascular endothelial cells, as well as that of circulating factors, in regulating specific aspects of retinal\nneurogenesis. Abnormalities of the ocular vasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in\ndiseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, macular telangiectasia, Norrie disease, and\nthe wet form of age-related macular degeneration, disorders that collectively affect tens of millions within the\nUnited States alone. Furthermore, an understanding of the contributions of the vascular component of the\nretinal stem cell niche will be crucial for the successful application of stem cell-based therapies for the\ntreatment of retinal disorders.
126                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Narrative\n The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the function of developing\nvascular endothelial cells, as well as that of circulating factors, in regulating specific aspects of retinal\nneurogenesis. Abnormalities of the ocular vasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in\ndiseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, macular telangiectasia, Norrie disease, and\nthe wet form of age-related macular degeneration, disorders that collectively affect tens of millions within the\nUnited States alone. Furthermore, an understanding of the contributions of the vascular component of the\nretinal stem cell niche will be crucial for the successful application of stem cell-based therapies for the\ntreatment of retinal disorders.
127                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE:  The mosquito Anopheles stephensi is an important vector of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Numerous studies have focused on individual effector gene products or signaling pathways that are activated to destroy these parasites, but there is little information on how host fitness and responses to infection are coordinated by basic metabolic processes at the level of mitochondria. Mitochondrial regulation is highly conserved among model invertebrates, allowing us to leverage this biology in novel ways to develop mosquitoes that are both highly fit and Plasmodium-resistant to reduce malaria transmission.
128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
129                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Each year, millions of people are harmed or killed by viruses that spill over from wild or domestic animal\nreservoirs, and in some cases these spillovers result in devastating pandemics. One new avenue for\nsuppressing these animal pathogens is to develop self-disseminating animal vaccines that block the\nviruses at their source and prevent them from spilling over into the human population. This project uses\na combination of mathematical models and laboratory studies to develop a framework for designing\nself-disseminating vaccines and optimizing their performance.
133                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will define a disease mechanism for a Parkinson's disease-causing mutation (D620N) in VPS35. We have evidence indicating that this mutation causes dysregulation of the transcriptome through modulation of RNA-binding protein activity leading to inhibition of autophagy. Knowledge gained from the proposed study could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
134                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Human retinal degenerative diseases and trauma result in the death of retinal neurons, and these neurons are not replaced. It is important to pursue animal models in which functional neuronal replacement (regeneration) does take place. The results of the proposed studies using such a model - the zebrafish - will provide key information regarding the restoration of the synaptic connections of regenerated neurons.
135                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Human retinal degenerative diseases and trauma result in the death of retinal neurons, and these neurons are not replaced. It is important to pursue animal models in which functional neuronal replacement (regeneration) does take place. The results of the proposed studies using such a model - the zebrafish - will provide key information regarding the restoration of the synaptic connections of regenerated neurons.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Quorum Sensing inhibitors are attractive as candidates for 1) developing novel antivirulent compounds in antibacterial therapy and 2) designing chemical probes to investigate social behavior in bacteria. Small molecules that inhibit quorum sensing will provide new and valuable tools to physicians to reduce infection rate and defeat multi-drug resistant organisms.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
137                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genes interact with each other, forming gene regulatory networks, to produce and influence phenotypes. Many genetic variations in the genome - including mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variation - have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is of immense interest to understand how these genetic variations influence disease through the networks. I will develop general statistical models and computational strategies for this purpose, and apply these methods specifically to breast cancer in order to understand the mechanisms behind different subtypes.
138                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genes interact with each other, forming gene regulatory networks, to produce and influence phenotypes. Many genetic variations in the genome - including mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variation - have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is of immense interest to understand how these genetic variations influence disease through the networks. I will develop general statistical models and computational strategies for this purpose, and apply these methods specifically to breast cancer in order to understand the mechanisms behind different subtypes.
139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genes interact with each other, forming gene regulatory networks, to produce and influence phenotypes. Many genetic variations in the genome - including mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variation - have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is of immense interest to understand how these genetic variations influence disease through the networks. I will develop general statistical models and computational strategies for this purpose, and apply these methods specifically to breast cancer in order to understand the mechanisms behind different subtypes.
140                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: [We propose several designed field experiments that will be used to evaluate and improve upon the accuracy of integrated Global Positioning System - Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) location systems and identify human factors associated with lack of situational awareness in ground-based and cable logging operations. Based on GPS-VHF accuracy observed in a variety of logging hazard scenarios, we will characterize suitable and unsuitable uses and provided new safety recommendations to logging contractors at regional workshops and as part of professional logger certification programs, thereby reducing fatal and near-fatal logging accident incidence rates. ]   \r\n   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: [We propose several designed field experiments that will be used to evaluate and improve upon the accuracy of integrated Global Positioning System - Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) location systems and identify human factors associated with lack of situational awareness in ground-based and cable logging operations. Based on GPS-VHF accuracy observed in a variety of logging hazard scenarios, we will characterize suitable and unsuitable uses and provided new safety recommendations to logging contractors at regional workshops and as part of professional logger certification programs, thereby reducing fatal and near-fatal logging accident incidence rates. ]   \r\n   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: [We propose several designed field experiments that will be used to evaluate and improve upon the accuracy of integrated Global Positioning System - Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) location systems and identify human factors associated with lack of situational awareness in ground-based and cable logging operations. Based on GPS-VHF accuracy observed in a variety of logging hazard scenarios, we will characterize suitable and unsuitable uses and provided new safety recommendations to logging contractors at regional workshops and as part of professional logger certification programs, thereby reducing fatal and near-fatal logging accident incidence rates. ]   \r\n   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
144                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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145                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
147                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
148                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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151                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
152                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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153                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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154                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
155                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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156                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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157                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
158                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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159                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
160                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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162                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Modeling efforts for COVID-19 have focused primarily on urban centers, but rural communities—our primary\nsource of food production and natural resource extraction—differ from urban centers in ways that affect the\ndisease and its dynamics. Decision makers need tools tailored to rural communities that emulate the way\npeople interact, consider interventions most relevant to these communities, and account for variation in how\nable and willing people will be to comply with these interventions. The current proposal provides a model of\nCOVID-19 for largely rural states that links the dynamics within communities together into a statewide network\nand provides tools for exploring potential interventions using the model.
163                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of our project is to study how the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis can rapidly respond to changes in its environment and control its ability to cause diseases, like gum disease and heart disease. We have developed a new way to find the genes involved in these systems, which can be also be used to study similar systems found in other important disease causing bacterial species.   \r\n   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of our project is to study how the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis can rapidly respond to changes in its environment and control its ability to cause diseases, like gum disease and heart disease. We have developed a new way to find the genes involved in these systems, which can be also be used to study similar systems found in other important disease causing bacterial species.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial intracellular pathogen of major medical importance as it is the leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries and the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This proposal aims to map the topological structure of the chlamydial chromatin and to understand how control of this structure regulates the pathogenic life cycle of Chlamydia.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial intracellular pathogen of major medical importance as it is the leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries and the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This proposal aims to map the topological structure of the chlamydial chromatin and to understand how control of this structure regulates the pathogenic life cycle of Chlamydia.   \r\n   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             RELEVANCE (See instructions):\nSuccessful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and\ncapabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease\ndiagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators\nwho may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Project Narrative\nThe proposed acquisition of a live cell imaging system will enhance the share core facilities\nprovided by the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology. This addition will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish\ntheir independently funded biomedical research programs. It will strengthen the research\nenvironment as investigators address challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and\ntreatment through the use of these shared core facilities.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis project will address the challenge of bone loss in cancer survivors and the increased risk of\nbone fractures. Bone fractures after chemotherapy is a major public health concern and this\nstudy will provide new information that may provide new treatments that will maintain bone\nhealth and prevent bone loss and lower the risk of fractures.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Currently, the ability to detect markers of disease or pollution of food and water is restricted primarily to laboratories that contain expensive equipment and trained personnel to perform the tests. The proposed studies seek to create reagents that will allow untrained personnel to conduct tests in nearly any setting (i.e., not in laboratories). The advance that will make this possible is a set of reagents that will amplify a colorimetric signal fr a detection event to enable assays that are simple to perform, yet that are nearly as sensitive as laboratory assays.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Although it is well established that inheritance of the APOE4 allele increases the risk of AD\napproximately tenfold, the mechanism of how this protein contributes to AD pathogenesis remains\nunknown. Emerging data from our lab suggests that the matrix metalloproteinase-9 can generate an\namino-terminal fragment of apoE4 that localizes to the nucleus in microglia of the human AD brain.\nThe present proposal will provide proof-of-concept of those findings by assessing in vitro the\nmechanisms by which this fragment is taken up by microglia, traffics to the nucleus and ultimately\nalters gene expression.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Although it is well established that inheritance of the apoE4 allele increases the risk of AD approximately tenfold, the mechanism of how this protein contributes to AD pathogenesis remains unknown. Emerging data suggest a loss of function of apoE4 through proteolytic cleavage, however, the nature of this protease has yet to be identified. The present application will test which protease(s) are responsible for cleaving apoE4, the relative susceptibility of apoE4 cleavage as compared to other apoE isoforms, as well as the extent to which apoE4 caspase-cleaved fragments localize within neurofibrillary tangles of the AD brain. Furthermore, this project provides an opportunity for undergraduates at Boise State University to participate in biomedical research and gain an appreciation of the complex molecular mechanisms that govern apoE4 cleavage.      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Although it is well established that inheritance of the APOE4 allele increases the risk of AD\napproximately fifteen-fold, the mechanism of how this protein contributes to AD pathogenesis remains\nunknown. Emerging data from our lab suggests that a 151 amino-terminal fragment of apoE4, in\nvitro, localizes to the nucleus in neurons and microglia of the human AD brain leading to toxicity and\nactivation of inflammatory pathways. The present proposal will provide proof-of-concept of those\nfindings in vivo, by assessing the mechanisms by which this fragment may induce toxicity,\ndevelopmental abnormalities, and behavior deficits in a model system consisting of zebrafish\nembryos and young adult fish.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Project Narrative\nUnderstanding how cells respond to their immediate surroundings is an important goal\nfor dissecting normal and abnormal cellular behaviors in many human diseases. Our\npreliminary investigations have discovered a novel mechanism enabling the cellular\nmicroenvironment to communicate to cells. The main goal of this proposal is to\ninvestigate the molecular mechanism that drives this communication, and to explore the\nimportance of this communication to basic cell biology.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The goal of this research is to develop a point-of-contact device for detecting lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids. As miRNAs are linked to over 180 diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic, this device may impact healthcare by facilitating accurate self-diagnosis of disease on a global scale. The test will only require the mixing together of four fluids, including bodily fluid from the patient, a liquid-based nucleic acid substrate, a liquid-based nucleic acid fuel, and a liquid based reporter complex.  \n    \n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The goal of this research is to develop a point-of-contact device for detecting lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids. As miRNAs are linked to over 180 diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic, this device may impact healthcare by facilitating accurate self-diagnosis of disease on a global scale. The test will only require the mixing together of four fluids, including bodily fluid from the patient, a liquid-based nucleic acid substrate, a liquid-based nucleic acid fuel, and a liquid based reporter complex.  \n    \n\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The goal of this research is to develop a point-of-contact device for detecting lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids. As miRNAs are linked to over 180 diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic, this device may impact healthcare by facilitating accurate self-diagnosis of disease on a global scale. The test will only require the mixing together of four fluids, including bodily fluid from the patient, a liquid-based nucleic acid substrate, a liquid-based nucleic acid fuel, and a liquid based reporter complex.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \nProject Narrative\nThe primary goal of the proposed work is to understand how molecular recognition cues\nfacilitate neural patterning. Research will focus on discovering the mechanisms by\nwhich two recognition cues; the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) and\nits homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1), mediate circuit formation within the retina. Both\nDscam and Dscaml1 are required for neurite lamination, neurite arborization and\nregulation of cell number. Therefore, understanding the mechanism by which these\nmolecules function will advance scientific understanding of neural development on\nmultiple fronts. Furthermore, decreasing Dscam dosage decreases the incidence of\nretinal developmental cell death suggesting that the retina may provide an excellent\nsystem in which to model enhanced developmental cell death of neurons that occurs in\nDown syndrome patients, who overexpress Dscam as a result of Chromosome 21\ntrisomy.
236 Project Narrative\nThe primary goal of the proposed work is to understand how molecular recognition cues\nfacilitate neural patterning. Research will focus on discovering the mechanisms by\nwhich two recognition cues; the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) and\nits homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1), mediate circuit formation within the retina. Both\nDscam and Dscaml1 are required for neurite lamination, neurite arborization and\nregulation of cell number. Therefore, understanding the mechanism by which these\nmolecules function will advance scientific understanding of neural development on\nmultiple fronts. Furthermore, decreasing Dscam dosage decreases the incidence of\nretinal developmental cell death suggesting that the retina may provide an excellent\nsystem in which to model enhanced developmental cell death of neurons that occurs in\nDown syndrome patients, who overexpress Dscam as a result of Chromosome 21\ntrisomy. __SpecificAimsTextDelimiter__ \nA) Specific aims\n Development of the retina requires the coordination of multiple highly complex processes including\nneurite arborization and synaptic integration. The differential adhesion hypothesis posits that cell adhesion\nmolecules provide recognition cues that are required for regulation of these processes. The unknown identity\nof such cues has impeded scientific understanding of retinal development. Recent identification of two\nrecognition cues, the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam), and its homologue Dscam-like1\n(Dscaml1), will facilitate discovery of mechanisms by which the retina is patterned.\n Dscam and Dscaml1 (Dscams) are homophilic cell adhesion molecules that facilitate self-recognition\nwithin single neurons during neurite arborization, within cell types during mosaic soma spacing and between\ncell types during synaptic pairing. DSCAM can also act as a ligand for the axon guidance molecule netrin. In\nthe chick retina, Dscams are required and instructive for synaptic lamination of neurites. In the mouse retina\nDscam is required for neurite arborization, regulation of cell number and soma mosaic spacing of several\namacrine cell types and all assayed retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types, while Dscaml1 functions in a similar\nmanner in A2 amacrine cells and rod bipolar cells. Unlike Drosophila Dscam1, which has thousands of verified\nsplice isoforms to provide molecular diversity, vertebrate Dscams do not undergo extensive alternate splicing.\nThis raises the question of how relatively simple genes can facilitate such a wide range of crucial\ndevelopmental processes in a large number of distinct cell types. One hypothesis is that vertebrate DSCAMs\nact primarily through adhesion as part of a larger adhesion code that provides the diversity of recognition cues\nrequired to pattern the nervous system. A second hypothesis is that vertebrate DSCAMs act primarily through\nrepulsion to prevent the adhesion of other molecules that act as cell type specific identifiers. Alternatively,\nDSCAMs may act through both adhesion and repulsion in different cell types or at different developmental\nstages or may have divergent functions in chick and mouse retina.\n The long-term goal of this project is to discover mechanisms by which molecular recognition\ncues pattern the retina. A unique set of mouse genetic resources including an allelic series and conditional\nallele of Dscam and a null allele of Dscaml1, all developed by the applicant, will be employed to test the\nfollowing hypotheses:\n Aim 1. Test the hypothesis that Dscam has discreet functions that occur in a temporal fashion:\n DSCAMs are reported to act in different processes during retinal development in different species. To\ntest the hypothesis that DSCAM has multiple distinct functions that are temporally regulated we will:\n A. Utilize an allelic series to genetically isolate different Dscam-dependent developmental processes.\n B. Delete Dscam at different developmental time points to test the hypothesis that Dscam has different\n functions with respect to adhesion and repulsion at different developmental stages.\n Aim 2. Test the hypothesis that DSCAM acts through adhesion between synaptic partners\nduring neurite lamination and through repulsion within cell types during neurite arborization.\n DSCAM is proposed to act as a homophilic adhesion molecule, to facilitate both repulsion and\nadhesion. DSCAM can also act as a receptor for the ligand netrin, to mediate axon guidance. A conditional\nallele of Dscam will be used to test the cell autonomy of Dscam by conducting the following experiments:\n A. Delete Dscam from either amacrine or retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and assay the resulting\n phenotype in both the deleted cell types and their synaptic partners to test the hypothesis that Dscam\n acts between cell types during lamination and within cell types during arborization and soma spacing.\n B. Delete Dscam from a subset of cells within cell types to test the hypothesis that DSCAM dependent\n arborization and soma spacing is mediated through repulsion, and not a ligand-receptor mechanism.\n Aim 3. Test the hypothesis that developmental cell death is impaired in the absence of Dscams:\n Neurons that normally express Dscam or Dscaml1 are overabundant in the absence of either\nrespective gene. RGC number is indistinguishable in Dscam null and wild type retinas at birth, but is\nsubsequently higher in the Dscam null retina until eye opening. Shortly after eye opening Dscam null RGCs\nshow signs of stress and decrease in number. To test the hypothesis that DSCAMs regulate normal\ndevelopmental cell death we will:\n A. Assay the incidence of cell death in wild type, Dscam or Dscaml1 null and heterozygous retinas.\n B. Test the hypothesis that RGC stress observed in the Dscam null retina is dependent on light\n mediated visual activity by assaying markers of stress after monocular or binocular light deprivation.\n Dscam and Dscaml1 are the first identified genes that are required for mosaic soma spacing and also\nmediate neurite lamination, neurite arborization and cell number. Understanding the mechanism by which\nthese genes function will advance scientific understanding of multiple key aspects of retinal development.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT NARRATIVE (of the Awarded Parent Grant)\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance\nin bacterial pathogens.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \nThis work will provide a roadmap for further mechanistic studies on the role of specific\nmutations in plasmid host-range and may lead to attractive therapies that target the\nreplication of antibiotic resistance plasmids and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in\nhuman pathogens.
242                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
243                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \nThis work will provide a roadmap for further mechanistic studies on the role of specific\nmutations in plasmid host-range and may lead to attractive therapies that target the\nreplication of antibiotic resistance plasmids and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in\nhuman pathogens.
244                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically\nimpact the lives of the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed\nat understanding the underlying mechanism for the development of those defects in order to\nsomeday prevent their occurrence.
252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Human Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives of the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the underlying mechanism for the development of those defects in order to someday prevent their occurrence.  \n    \n\n
253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The INBRE Program has profoundly affected biomedical research at every level and in all regions of Idaho. Its continuation will stimulate research at educational institutions, provide state-of-the-art research facilities, and improve the caliber of scientific faculty. These activities impact public health by enhancing Idaho's competitiveness for research funds and by preparing the next generation of scientists. INBRE creates an environment for Idahoans with the talent and desire to solve health problems through research, to do so.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.    \r\n      \r\n\r\n
257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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260                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis collaboration expands two projects currently supported by INBRE and an IDeA co-funded R01, into an\ninterdisciplinary effort to probe specific microglia-expressed genes in retinal development and regeneration\nusing computer-assisted image analyses. The investigators bring expertise in molecular biology and computer\nscience, respectively. This collaboration will provide high-impact learning experiences in data science for\nundergraduate students at an Idaho INBRE primarily undergraduate institution.
261                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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263                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho’s competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The\nstatewide scientific Network will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho’s research capacity by\nmentoring new investigators, supporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and\nproviding student research opportunities.
264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Project Narrative Relevance\nBreastfeeding is especially recommended for diabetic women due to its positive effects on maternal\nmetabolism and the short- and long-term health of the infant. Low breastfeeding rates among diabetic mothers\nare a public health concern, particularly in rural communities and among ethnic and racial minorities where\ndiabetes is more prevalent. This project will yield fundamental knowledge about the cellular and molecular\nbasis for lactation insufficiency that will help develop interventions, such as mitochondrial-targeted therapies, to\nimprove the rate of breastfeeding in these at-risk mothers.
267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        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SARS-CoV-2 variants are a major public health\nconcern as they may increase infection rate, increase disease severity, and/or undermine\nimmunization strategies. Viral genomic sequence analyses will be done to identify variants and\nlink them to time of appearance, outbreak events, travel, and demographic age and gender\ngroups.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
269                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.    \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis supplement requests critical equipment upgrades to the Idaho INBRE Data Science Core\nas high performance computing hardware, including secure data storage and computational\ncapacity. These upgrades will Idaho INBRE research facilites keep pace with recent surges in\ndemand for computation and data storage.
275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.    \r\n      \r\n\r\n
276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Relevance\nThis project melds two complementary INBRE and COBRE investigator projects in a collaborative effort to\naddress important aspects in brain cancer development and migration. Each investigator brings unique\nmolecular and physiological expertise to address the intercellular signaling between brain tumor cells and\nnascent blood-brain barrier endothelial cells that results in the spread of cancer cells. This collaboration will\nprovide high-impact learning experiences for undergraduate students at two Idaho INBRE primarily\nundergraduate institutions.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.    \r\n      \r\n\r\n
283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.    \r\n      \r\n\r\n
284                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Project Narrative Relevance\nThe proposed research project is relevant to public health because compromised mental health, cognitive\nfunction, and emotional wellbeing is common in US women during the perinatal period. Women in the rural\nfrontier and remote West are disproportionately affected. In this study, fundamental knowledge about the\ninterplay between dietary patterns and key demographic variables on maternal neurological health will be\ndetermined as a first step in developing interventions for this underserved group.
285                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Relevance\nThis project melds two complementary INBRE and COBRE investigator projects in a collaborative effort to\naddress important aspects in computer-aided drug development for allergy therapeutics. It harnesses Dr. Xu’s\nexpertise in computer simulations of molecular interactions and couples it with Dr. Morrison’s expertise in\nbiological target selection and cell culture validation systems. This interdisciplinary project will provide high-\nimpact learning experiences and will augment the training of numerous undergraduate and graduate students,\nmany of whom will continue onto research careers.
286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          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287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \nPROJECT NARRATIVE\n Visual function requires the collaborative activities of a diverse, but properly arranged collection of\nspecialized cells. Our goal is to understand the mechanisms that underlie the development and survival of\nphotoreceptor cells, which are required for visual function, and which are lost in many visual degenerative\ndiseases. Our findings will have applications for the development of photoreceptor replacement strategies and\nphotoreceptor survival therapies, as well as for the prevention and treatment of developmental abnormalities of\nthe retina.
288                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Narrative  The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the plasticity of photoreceptor progenitors, and of the photoreceptors themselves. Manipulation of these cells will be important as the Vision Science community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost to disease or injury. In addition, this project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of "tandemly- replicated" visual pigment genes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green- sensitive visual pigments.   \r\n   \r\n      \r\n\r\n
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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323                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
335                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
336                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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339                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
340                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and\ncapabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease\ndiagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators\nwho may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.
341                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
342                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         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Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    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370                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
371                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
372                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
374                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
375                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
376                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
378                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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379                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
381                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   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389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
391                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            spending_categories_desc
1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               <NA>
10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
11                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
12                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
13                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
15                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
16                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
17                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
19                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
21                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
23                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
24                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
25                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
27                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Brain Disorders; Down Syndrome; Genetics; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD); Neurosciences; Pediatric
28                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Biotechnology; Cardiovascular; Gene Therapy; Genetics; Heart Disease; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
29                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Behavioral and Social Science; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Neurosciences; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
31                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Bioengineering; Biotechnology
32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
33                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Health Disparities; Minority Health
34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
35                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Breast Cancer; Cancer; Women's Health
36                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD)
37                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Bioengineering; Coronaviruses; Coronaviruses Diagnostics and Prognostics; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
39                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
40                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Genetics
41                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Genetics
42                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Behavioral and Social Science; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Mental Health
43                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Behavioral and Social Science; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Mental Health
44                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
46                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Breast Cancer; Cancer; Estrogen; Immunotherapy; Women's Health
47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
48                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Human Genome; Neurosciences
49                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Human Genome; Neurosciences
50                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Human Genome; Neurosciences
51                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
52                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
53                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
54                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
55                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
56                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
57                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
58                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
59                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
60                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
61                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Aging; Health Disparities; Minority Health; Osteoporosis; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
62                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
63                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
65                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
66                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Health Disparities; Minority Health
67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Health Disparities; Minority Health
68                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
69                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
70                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
71                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
72                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
73                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
74                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              <NA>
75                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Bioengineering; Biotechnology
76                                                                                                                                                                                              Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
77                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric
78                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric
79                                                                                                                                                                                              Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
80                                                                                                                                                                                              Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Biomedical Imaging; Clinical Research; Congenital Structural Anomalies; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Rare Diseases
83                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomedical Imaging; Clinical Research; Congenital Structural Anomalies; Neurosciences; Pediatric
84                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
85                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
86                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Aging; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects
87                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Maternal Health; Microbiome; Minority Health; Nutrition; Prevention; Women's Health
89                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Microbiome; Nutrition; Prevention
90                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Maternal Health; Microbiome; Minority Health; Nutrition; Prevention; Women's Health
91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Nutrition; Prevention
92                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Maternal Health; Microbiome; Minority Health; Nutrition; Prevention; Women's Health
93                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Health Disparities; Nutrition; Pregnancy; Rural Health; Women's Health
94                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Health Disparities; Nutrition; Pregnancy; Women's Health
95                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Nutrition; Pregnancy
96                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Nutrition; Pregnancy
97                                                                                Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
98                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
100                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
101                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
102                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Bioengineering; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
103                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Bioengineering; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
104                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health; Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Pediatric; Substance Abuse; Underage Drinking; Underage Drinking - Prevention & Treatment (NIAAA Only)
105                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health; Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Pediatric; Substance Abuse; Underage Drinking; Underage Drinking - Prevention & Treatment (NIAAA Only)
106                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
107                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
108                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
109                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
110                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Aging; Brain Disorders; Genetics; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
111                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
112                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
113                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Clinical Research; Health Disparities; Minority Health
114                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences
115                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Clinical Research; Health Disparities; Minority Health
116                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences
117                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Clinical Research; Health Disparities; Minority Health
118                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
119                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genetics
120                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genetics
121                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Biotechnology; Digestive Diseases; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
122                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
123                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Cancer Genomics; Coronaviruses; Coronaviruses Therapeutics and Interventions; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Human Genome; Infectious Diseases; Women's Health
124                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biotechnology; Genetics
125                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period; Rare Diseases; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
126                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period; Rare Diseases; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
127                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
128                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
129                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
130                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
132                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
133                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Aging; Brain Disorders; Genetics; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
134                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
135                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
136                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
137                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetics; Human Genome
138                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Cancer Genomics; Genetics; Human Genome
139                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Cancer Genomics; Genetics; Human Genome
140                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
141                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
142                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
143                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
144                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
145                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Infectious Diseases
146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
147                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
148                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Prevention; Women's Health
149                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
150                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Infectious Diseases; Microbiome
151                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
152                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
153                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bioengineering; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetic Testing; Genetics; Women's Health
154                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
155                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Prevention; Women's Health
156                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bioengineering; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetic Testing; Genetics; Women's Health
157                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
158                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Infectious Diseases; Lung
159                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
160                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
161                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
162                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Coronaviruses; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Rural Health; Social Determinants of Health
163                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
165                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Behavioral and Social Science; Infectious Diseases
166                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
167                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
168                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
169                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
170                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
171                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
172                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Biotechnology; Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
173                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Biotechnology; Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
174                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Nutrition; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Herpes
175                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Nutrition; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Herpes
176                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
177                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology
178                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
179                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
181                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
182                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
183                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
184                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Genetics
185                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
186                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Autoimmune Disease; Genetics; Scleroderma
187                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
188                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Cardiovascular
190                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
191                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
192                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
193                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
194                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
195                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
196                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
197                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioengineering; Coronaviruses
198                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
199                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
200                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
201                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
202                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
203                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
204                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
205                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bioengineering; Regenerative Medicine
206                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
207                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
208                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Breast Cancer; Cancer; Prevention
209                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
210                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
211                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
212                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Autoimmune Disease; Genetics; Scleroderma
213                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
214                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
215                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
216                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
217                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
218                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
219                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Biotechnology; Neurosciences
220                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
221                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
222                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
223                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Acquired Cognitive Impairment; Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD); Biotechnology; Brain Disorders; Dementia; Genetics; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
224                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; Brain Disorders; Dementia; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
225                                                                                                                                               Acquired Cognitive Impairment; Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD); Basic Behavioral and Social Science; Behavioral and Social Science; Brain Disorders; Cardiovascular; Dementia; Genetics; Mental Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
226                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
227                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
228                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
230                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
231                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
232                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Clinical Research; Genetics; Lung; Lung Cancer; Nanotechnology
233                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Clinical Research; Genetics; Lung; Lung Cancer; Nanotechnology
234                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Clinical Research; Genetics; Lung; Lung Cancer; Nanotechnology
235                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences
236                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Brain Disorders; Down Syndrome; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD); Neurosciences
237                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Health Disparities; Infectious Diseases; Minority Health
238                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
239                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
240                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
241                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
242                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
243                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
244                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
245                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Genetics
246                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
247                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Bioengineering; Genetics
248                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
249                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
250                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
251                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Genetics; Human Fetal Tissue; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
252                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics; Human Fetal Tissue; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
253                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
254                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
255                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
256                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
257                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
258                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
259                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
260                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Clinical Research; Data Science; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
261                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
262                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
263                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
264                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
265                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
266                                                                                                                                                                               American Indian or Alaska Native; Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Diabetes; Health Disparities; Maternal Health; Maternal Morbidity and Mortality; Minority Health; Nutrition; Pediatric; Rural Health; Social Determinants of Health; Women's Health
267                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Biotechnology; Clinical Research; Coronaviruses; Coronaviruses Disparities and At-Risk Populations; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Health Disparities; Infectious Diseases; Rural Health; Social Determinants of Health
268                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
269                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
270                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
271                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
272                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
273                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
274                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
275                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
276                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
277                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
278                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Brain Cancer; Brain Disorders; Cancer; Clinical Research; Neurosciences; Rare Diseases
279                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
280                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
281                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
282                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
283                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
284                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
285                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
286                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
287                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Biotechnology; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
288                                      Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Macular Degeneration; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
289 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Health Disparities; Macular Degeneration; Minority Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
290 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Health Disparities; Macular Degeneration; Minority Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
291                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biotechnology; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human
292 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Health Disparities; Macular Degeneration; Minority Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
293                                      Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Macular Degeneration; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
294                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
295                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
296                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
297                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Genetics; Human Genome
298                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                American Indians / Alaska Natives
299                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
300                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Infectious Diseases; Microbiome
301                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
303                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
304                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
305                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology
306                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Cardiovascular
307                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
308                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
309                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Cardiovascular
310                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
311                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
312                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
313                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biotechnology; Genetics; Human Genome
314                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
315                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Infectious Diseases; Lung
316                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biotechnology; Genetics; Human Genome
318                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Cardiovascular
319                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
320                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
321                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
322                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
323                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
324                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Cerebrovascular; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
325                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
326                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Genetics; Human Genome
327                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                American Indians / Alaska Natives
328                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Cardiovascular
329                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Breast Cancer; Cancer; Prevention
330                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
331                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology
332                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
333                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
334                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Breast Cancer; Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Cancer
335                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Genetics; Human Genome
336                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Behavioral and Social Science; Infectious Diseases
337                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
338                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Infectious Diseases; Lung
339                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Infectious Diseases; Lung
340                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
341                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bioengineering; Biotechnology
342                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
343                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
344                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
345                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
346                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
347                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
348                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
349                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
350                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
351                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
352                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
353                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
354                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical Research
355                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
356                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
357                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 American Indian or Alaska Native
358                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology
359                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Breast Cancer; Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Cancer
360                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
361                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Infectious Diseases; Lung
362                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Infectious Diseases
363                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
364                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Infectious Diseases
365                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
366                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
367                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
368                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
369                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
370                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
371                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bioengineering
372                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Prevention; Women's Health
373                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
374                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
375                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 American Indian or Alaska Native
376                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
377                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
378                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
379                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
380                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
381                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Genetics; Human Genome
382                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
383                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Infectious Diseases
384                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
385                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  American Indians / Alaska Natives; Rural Health
386                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
387                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biotechnology
388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
389                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Infectious Diseases
390                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
391                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bioengineering; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetic Testing; Genetics; Women's Health
392                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             <NA>
393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Aging; Arthritis; Bioengineering; Chronic Pain; Clinical Research; Osteoarthritis; Pain Research; Prevention; Rehabilitation
394                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Autoimmune Disease; Genetics; Scleroderma
395                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Breast Cancer; Cancer; Prevention
396                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
    agency_code covid_response arra_funded         budget_start
1           NIH           NULL           N 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z
2           NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
3           NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
4           NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
5           NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
6           NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
7           NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
8           NIH           NULL           N 2023-09-26T12:09:00Z
9           NIH           NULL           N 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z
10          NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-03T12:07:00Z
11          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
12          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
13          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
14          NIH           NULL           N 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z
15          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
16          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
17          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
18          NIH           NULL           N 2023-03-17T12:03:00Z
19          NIH           NULL           N 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z
20          NIH           NULL           N 2023-02-27T12:02:00Z
21          NIH           NULL           N 2023-01-23T12:01:00Z
22          NIH           NULL           N 2024-01-01T12:01:00Z
23          NIH           NULL           N 2022-11-01T12:11:00Z
24          NIH           NULL           N 2022-10-20T12:10:00Z
25          NIH           NULL           N 2022-09-20T12:09:00Z
26          NIH           NULL           N 2022-09-20T12:09:00Z
27          NIH           NULL           N 2022-09-08T12:09:00Z
28          NIH           NULL           N 2022-09-01T12:09:00Z
29          NIH           NULL           N 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z
30          NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-08T12:08:00Z
31          NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
32          NIH           NULL           N 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z
33          NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
34          NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
35          NIH           NULL           N 2022-04-18T12:04:00Z
36          NIH           NULL           N 2021-09-23T12:09:00Z
37          NIH             C3           N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
38          NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
39          NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z
40          NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
41          NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
42          NIH           NULL           N 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z
43          NIH           NULL           N 2021-03-11T12:03:00Z
44          NIH           NULL           N 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z
45          NIH           NULL           N 2023-09-01T12:09:00Z
46          NIH           NULL           N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
47          NIH           NULL           N 2022-09-01T12:09:00Z
48          NIH           NULL           N 2021-08-16T12:08:00Z
49          NIH           NULL           N 2020-08-16T12:08:00Z
50          NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-16T12:08:00Z
51          NIH           NULL           N 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z
52          NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z
53          NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
54          NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
55          NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
56          NIH           NULL           N 2024-02-01T12:02:00Z
57          NIH           NULL           N 2021-02-01T12:02:00Z
58          NIH           NULL           N 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z
59          NIH           NULL           N 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z
60          NIH           NULL           N 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z
61          NIH           NULL           N 2020-11-15T12:11:00Z
62          NIH           NULL           N 2023-02-01T12:02:00Z
63          NIH           NULL           N 2020-02-01T12:02:00Z
64          NIH           NULL           N 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z
65          NIH           NULL           N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
66          NIH           NULL           N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
67          NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
68          NIH           NULL           N 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z
69          NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
70          NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
71          NIH           NULL           N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
72          NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
73          NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z
74          NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
75          NIH           NULL           N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
76          NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
77          NIH           NULL           N 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z
78          NIH           NULL           N 2021-01-06T12:01:00Z
79          NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-14T12:05:00Z
80          NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
81          NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
82          NIH           NULL           N 2019-04-01T12:04:00Z
83          NIH           NULL           N 2020-04-01T12:04:00Z
84          NIH           NULL           N 2019-12-01T12:12:00Z
85          NIH           NULL           N 2018-12-07T12:12:00Z
86          NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-30T12:09:00Z
87          NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-19T12:09:00Z
88          NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
89          NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
90          NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z
91          NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z
92          NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
93          NIH           NULL           N 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z
94          NIH           NULL           N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
95          NIH           NULL           N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
96          NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z
97          NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-30T12:09:00Z
98          NIH           NULL           N 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z
99          NIH           NULL           N 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z
100         NIH           NULL           N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
101         NIH           NULL           N 2019-08-01T12:08:00Z
102         NIH           NULL           N 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z
103         NIH           NULL           N 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z
104         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
105         NIH           NULL           N 2018-07-01T12:07:00Z
106         NIH           NULL           N 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z
107         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
108         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
109         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
110         NIH           NULL           N 2017-09-15T12:09:00Z
111         NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z
112         NIH           NULL           N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
113         NIH           NULL           N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
114         NIH           NULL           N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
115         NIH           NULL           N 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z
116         NIH           NULL           N 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z
117         NIH           NULL           N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
118         NIH           NULL           N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
119         NIH           NULL           N 2017-08-01T12:08:00Z
120         NIH           NULL           N 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z
121         NIH           NULL           N 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z
122         NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
123         NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
124         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
125         NIH           NULL           N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
126         NIH           NULL           N 2016-09-30T12:09:00Z
127         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
128         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
129         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
130         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
131         NIH           NULL           N 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z
132         NIH           NULL           N 2023-09-20T12:09:00Z
133         NIH           NULL           N 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z
134         NIH           NULL           N 2017-04-01T12:04:00Z
135         NIH           NULL           N 2016-04-01T12:04:00Z
136         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
137         NIH           NULL           N 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z
138         NIH           NULL           N 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z
139         NIH           NULL           N 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z
140      ALLCDC           NULL           N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
141      ALLCDC           NULL           N 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z
142      ALLCDC           NULL           N 2016-09-01T12:09:00Z
143         NIH           NULL           N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
144         NIH           NULL           N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
145         NIH           NULL           N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
146         NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
147         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
148         NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
149         NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
150         NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
151         NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
152         NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
153         NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
154         NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
155         NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
156         NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
157         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
158         NIH           NULL           N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
159         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
160         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
161         NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
162         NIH         Reg-CV           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
163         NIH           NULL           N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
164         NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
165         NIH           NULL           N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
166         NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
167         NIH           NULL           N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
168         NIH           NULL           N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
169         NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
170         NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
171         NIH           NULL           N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
172         NIH           NULL           N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
173         NIH           NULL           N 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z
174         NIH           NULL           N 2015-08-01T12:08:00Z
175         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-15T12:08:00Z
176         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
177         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
178         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
179         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
180         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
181         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
182         NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
183         NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
184         NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
185         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
186         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
187         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
188         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
189         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
190         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
191         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
192         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
193         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
194         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
195         NIH           NULL           N 2019-08-01T12:08:00Z
196         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
197         NIH         Reg-CV           N 2022-06-20T12:06:00Z
198         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
199         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
200         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
201         NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
202         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
203         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
204         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
205         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
206         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
207         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
208         NIH           NULL           N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
209         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
210         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
211         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
212         NIH           NULL           N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
213         NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
214         NIH           NULL           N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
215         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
216         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
217         NIH           NULL           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
218         NIH           NULL           N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
219         NIH           NULL           N 2014-05-15T12:05:00Z
220      SAMSHA           NULL           N 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z
221      SAMSHA           NULL           N 2014-09-30T12:09:00Z
222         NIH           NULL           N 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z
223         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
224         NIH           NULL           N 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z
225         NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-15T12:08:00Z
226         NIH           NULL           N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
227         NIH           NULL           N 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z
228         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
229         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
230         NIH           NULL           N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
231         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
232         NIH           NULL           N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
233         NIH           NULL           N 2013-09-01T12:09:00Z
234         NIH           NULL           N 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z
235         NIH           NULL           N 2013-09-01T12:09:00Z
236         NIH           NULL           N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
237         NIH           NULL           N 2022-08-23T12:08:00Z
238         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
239         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
240         NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
241         NIH           NULL           N 2013-05-01T12:05:00Z
242         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
243         NIH           NULL           N 2014-05-01T12:05:00Z
244         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-16T12:05:00Z
245         NIH           NULL           N 2013-05-01T12:05:00Z
246         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z
247         NIH           NULL           N 2014-05-01T12:05:00Z
248         NIH           NULL           N 2021-04-01T12:04:00Z
249         NIH           NULL           N 2019-04-01T12:04:00Z
250         NIH           NULL           N 2020-04-01T12:04:00Z
251         NIH           NULL           N 2012-12-01T12:12:00Z
252         NIH           NULL           N 2015-12-01T12:12:00Z
253         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
254         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
255         NIH           NULL           N 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z
256         NIH           NULL           N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
257         NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
258         NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
259         NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
260         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
261         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
262         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
263         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
264         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
265         NIH           NULL           N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
266         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
267         NIH         Reg-CV           N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
268         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
269         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
270         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
271         NIH           NULL           N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
272         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
273         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
274         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
275         NIH           NULL           N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
276         NIH           NULL           N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
277         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
278         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
279         NIH           NULL           N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
280         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
281         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
282         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
283         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
284         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
285         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
286         NIH           NULL           N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
287         NIH           NULL           N 2013-07-01T12:07:00Z
288         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
289         NIH           NULL           N 2020-02-01T12:02:00Z
290         NIH           NULL           N 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z
291         NIH           NULL           N 2015-09-30T12:09:00Z
292         NIH           NULL           N 2021-02-01T12:02:00Z
293         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
294         NIH           NULL           N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
295         NIH           NULL           N 2013-02-01T12:02:00Z
296         NIH           NULL           N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
297         NIH           NULL           N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
298         NIH           NULL           N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
299         NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
300         NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
301         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
302         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
303         NIH           NULL           N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
304         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
305         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
306         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
307         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
308         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
309         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
310         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
311         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
312         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
313         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
314         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
315         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
316         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
317         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
318         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
319         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
320         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
321         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
322         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
323         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
324         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
325         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
326         NIH           NULL           N 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z
327         NIH           NULL           N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
328         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
329         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
330         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
331         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
332         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
333         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
334         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
335         NIH           NULL           N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
336         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
337         NIH           NULL           N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
338         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
339         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
340         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
341         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
342         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
343         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
344         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
345         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
346         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
347         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
348         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
349         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
350         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
351         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
352         NIH           NULL           N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
353         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
354         NIH           NULL           N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
355         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
356         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
357         NIH           NULL           N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
358         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
359         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
360         NIH           NULL           N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
361         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
362         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
363         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
364         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
365         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
366         NIH           NULL           N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
367         NIH           NULL           N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
368         NIH           NULL           N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
369         NIH           NULL           N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
370         NIH           NULL           N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
371         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
372         NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
373         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
374         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
375         NIH           NULL           N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
376         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
377         NIH           NULL           N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
378         NIH           NULL           N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
379         NIH           NULL           N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
380         NIH           NULL           N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
381         NIH           NULL           N 2013-02-01T12:02:00Z
382         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
383         NIH           NULL           N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
384         NIH           NULL           N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
385         NIH           NULL           N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
386         NIH           NULL           N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
387         NIH           NULL           N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
388         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
389         NIH           NULL           N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
390         NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
391         NIH           NULL           N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
392         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
393         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
394         NIH           NULL           N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
395         NIH           NULL           N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
396         NIH           NULL           N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
              budget_end cfda_code       funding_mechanism direct_cost_amt
1   2025-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers         1799999
2   2025-01-14T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          388362
3   2025-01-14T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          112230
4   2025-01-14T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          106232
5   2025-01-14T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          300000
6   2025-01-14T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          630754
7   2025-01-14T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          262421
8   2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          120828
9   2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       859 Training, Institutional           91972
10  2024-05-31T12:05:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          249779
11  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          449790
12  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          147770
13  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          120949
14  2024-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers         1490654
15  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          137071
16  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          516181
17  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          118893
18  2023-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           23105
19  2026-02-28T12:02:00Z       837           Non-SBIR/STTR          299999
20  2023-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           43888
21  2023-12-31T12:12:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          175000
22  2024-12-31T12:12:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR            9013
23  2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          100000
24  2024-03-31T12:03:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR           51952
25  2025-08-31T12:08:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
26  2025-08-31T12:08:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR           94718
27  2023-02-15T12:02:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          100000
28  2025-08-31T12:08:00Z       837           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
29  2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          440156
30  2023-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          439961
31  2023-07-31T12:07:00Z       351  Other Research-Related          233236
32  2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       859 Training, Institutional           62516
33  2023-07-31T12:07:00Z       859 Training, Institutional           61642
34  2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           93749
35  2025-03-31T12:03:00Z       395           Non-SBIR/STTR          288969
36  2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       846           Non-SBIR/STTR           80816
37  2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       286           Non-SBIR/STTR          399214
38  2024-06-30T12:06:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          125000
39  2022-06-30T12:06:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          150000
40  2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          299999
41  2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR           52816
42  2024-02-29T12:02:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR          109724
43  2022-02-28T12:02:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR          233740
44  2022-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          256532
45  2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          264467
46  2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       395           Non-SBIR/STTR          298735
47  2023-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          256533
48  2022-08-15T12:08:00Z       867    Training, Individual           36291
49  2021-08-15T12:08:00Z       867    Training, Individual           35775
50  2023-02-15T12:02:00Z       867    Training, Individual           26027
51  2021-07-31T12:07:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
52  2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          235000
53  2023-04-30T12:04:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          235000
54  2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          235000
55  2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          235000
56  2025-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          184500
57  2022-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          274006
58  2023-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          205000
59  2021-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          205000
60  2023-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR           51755
61  2021-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR           17252
62  2024-01-31T12:01:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          205000
63  2023-01-31T12:01:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
64  2021-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
65  2022-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
66  2022-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR           40901
67  2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR           44618
68  2020-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
69  2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
70  2023-06-30T12:06:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          207121
71  2020-06-30T12:06:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
72  2022-06-30T12:06:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          210953
73  2021-06-30T12:06:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          221301
74  2024-06-30T12:06:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          209441
75  2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       846           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
76  2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR          406155
77  2020-04-30T12:04:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR          548260
78  2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR           66725
79  2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR          645412
80  2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR           64584
81  2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       242           Non-SBIR/STTR          542363
82  2020-03-31T12:03:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          275494
83  2021-03-31T12:03:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          281949
84  2021-11-30T12:11:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          125000
85  2019-11-30T12:11:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          150000
86  2022-08-31T12:08:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          299985
87  2022-03-20T12:03:00Z       286           Non-SBIR/STTR          259550
88  2022-06-30T12:06:00Z       865           Non-SBIR/STTR          362106
89  2020-06-30T12:06:00Z       865           Non-SBIR/STTR          404022
90  2021-06-30T12:06:00Z       865           Non-SBIR/STTR          373372
91  2019-06-30T12:06:00Z       865           Non-SBIR/STTR          406892
92  2024-06-30T12:06:00Z       865           Non-SBIR/STTR          355833
93  2022-08-31T12:08:00Z       113  Other Research-Related           31803
94  2022-08-31T12:08:00Z       113  Other Research-Related          139183
95  2020-08-31T12:08:00Z       113  Other Research-Related          141379
96  2019-08-31T12:08:00Z       113  Other Research-Related          143083
97  2019-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR           24179
98  2019-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
99  2021-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
100 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
101 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
102 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z       286           Non-SBIR/STTR           50000
103 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z       286           Non-SBIR/STTR           50000
104 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z       273           Non-SBIR/STTR          118750
105 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z       273           Non-SBIR/STTR          143750
106 2020-05-31T12:05:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          338777
107 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          338321
108 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          325761
109 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          346057
110 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR           91127
111 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          249586
112 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          214745
113 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related           80000
114 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          156968
115 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          300000
116 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          192282
117 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          300000
118 2020-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          300000
119 2018-07-31T12:07:00Z       395           Non-SBIR/STTR           50000
120 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z       395           Non-SBIR/STTR           50000
121 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
122 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR           97574
123 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          288660
124 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          299992
125 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          156000
126 2017-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          129000
127 2018-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          424349
128 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          194855
129 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          194855
130 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          194855
131 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          190928
132 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          291000
133 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z       853           Non-SBIR/STTR          296420
134 2019-03-31T12:03:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          125000
135 2017-03-31T12:03:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          150000
136 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
137 2016-06-30T12:06:00Z       172           Non-SBIR/STTR          174744
138 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z       172           Non-SBIR/STTR          167830
139 2017-06-30T12:06:00Z       172           Non-SBIR/STTR          171328
140 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z       262           Non-SBIR/STTR          195621
141 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z       262           Non-SBIR/STTR          195060
142 2017-08-31T12:08:00Z       262           Non-SBIR/STTR          199192
143 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers         1474309
144 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          457131
145 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          249296
146 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z       859        Research Centers         1500000
147 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers         1665528
148 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          134993
149 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          458998
150 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          114827
151 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z       859        Research Centers         1500000
152 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          485061
153 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          107943
154 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z       859        Research Centers         2378015
155 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          127293
156 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          103951
157 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers         1631636
158 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          222271
159 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers         2032211
160 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z       859        Research Centers         1682526
161 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          768254
162 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z       859        Research Centers          333965
163 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          694931
164 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          516036
165 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           71893
166 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z       859        Research Centers         1888163
167 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          473718
168 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          705010
169 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z       859        Research Centers          375566
170 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          109348
171 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          106362
172 2015-08-31T12:08:00Z       121           Non-SBIR/STTR          178741
173 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z       121           Non-SBIR/STTR          154454
174 2017-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          147436
175 2015-07-31T12:07:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          176563
176 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers          243216
177 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          361370
178 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1499999
179 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          228562
180 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1436317
181 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z       859        Research Centers         1565885
182 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          198870
183 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          147428
184 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          147428
185 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          594506
186 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          157257
187 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          394999
188 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           83630
189 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163174
190 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163172
191 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1492691
192 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1476242
193 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1533804
194 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          212127
195 2020-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1499999
196 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          538092
197 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers          498946
198 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          114929
199 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          517798
200 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
201 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          557350
202 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1939002
203 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          342902
204 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          191999
205 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers          221708
206 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          408201
207 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers          199498
208 2015-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
209 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          640562
210 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          107745
211 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          142335
212 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          142335
213 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         1916908
214 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          355174
215 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         2004588
216 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          378852
217 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          157257
218 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers          517798
219 2015-09-14T12:09:00Z       351  Other Research-Related          455032
220 2014-09-29T12:09:00Z       243                   Other              NA
221 2015-09-29T12:09:00Z       243                   Other              NA
222 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          190000
223 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          300000
224 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          213252
225 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z       866           Non-SBIR/STTR          289385
226 2015-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers          732441
227 2014-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers          746014
228 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers          713726
229 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers          708746
230 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z       859        Research Centers          730201
231 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          299550
232 2015-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          126673
233 2014-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          126644
234 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z       859  Other Research-Related          126673
235 2014-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          159600
236 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          164640
237 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR           81190
238 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          278318
239 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          291454
240 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          274887
241 2014-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          232650
242 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          280038
243 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          247500
244 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          297044
245 2014-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          183350
246 2019-03-31T12:03:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
247 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          190000
248 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
249 2020-03-31T12:03:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
250 2021-03-31T12:03:00Z       859           Non-SBIR/STTR          200000
251 2013-11-30T12:11:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          209385
252 2016-11-30T12:11:00Z       855           Non-SBIR/STTR          222750
253 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         3206453
254 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          120100
255 2014-05-31T12:05:00Z       859        Research Centers         2829441
256 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         2947559
257 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         3279392
258 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1968287
259 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          848203
260 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          121600
261 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         2956991
262 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          165515
263 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          610878
264 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          140500
265 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          140501
266 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          193190
267 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          499733
268 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         3149151
269 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1968286
270 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          140500
271 2016-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         2936469
272 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1968286
273 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          848205
274 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          204266
275 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         2933817
276 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers           40000
277 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          140500
278 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          128260
279 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          848205
280 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          120100
281 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         3364336
282 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         2892922
283 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers         2911843
284 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          173861
285 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z       859        Research Centers          165515
286 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          610878
287 2015-06-30T12:06:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          228000
288 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          276730
289 2021-01-31T12:01:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          276730
290 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          268428
291 2017-09-29T12:09:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          250000
292 2022-01-31T12:01:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          268428
293 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z       867           Non-SBIR/STTR          320470
294 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          193661
295 2014-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          204681
296 2015-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          130330
297 2015-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          297815
298 2016-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           63557
299 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          638931
300 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          114827
301 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1752549
302 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          686824
303 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          101817
304 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           83630
305 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          192372
306 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163174
307 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163172
308 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          538475
309 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          180519
310 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          180516
311 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          489003
312 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          360132
313 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          206540
314 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          561382
315 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          256556
316 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          379295
317 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          257533
318 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163174
319 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1968286
320 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          848205
321 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1771470
322 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           90447
323 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          491457
324 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          130000
325 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          130000
326 2014-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          242438
327 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           63557
328 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163174
329 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
330 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163172
331 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          192372
332 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163172
333 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
334 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
335 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          162645
336 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          123925
337 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1793443
338 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          342121
339 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          233045
340 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          243216
341 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          249462
342 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           76898
343 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          101817
344 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          975000
345 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           92520
346 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          140500
347 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          547549
348 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           83630
349 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
350 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          502032
351 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          444088
352 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          140500
353 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1968286
354 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          848205
355 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          527884
356 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           83630
357 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           63556
358 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          212821
359 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          180517
360 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          180517
361 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          268530
362 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          219336
363 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          102028
364 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          226968
365 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          123030
366 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1807185
367 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          101817
368 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          975000
369 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          373895
370 2016-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          975000
371 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          313183
372 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          127293
373 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          101816
374 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          975000
375 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           63557
376 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          507623
377 2018-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
378 2015-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          304296
379 2016-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers         1796095
380 2016-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          101817
381 2014-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          298895
382 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          572363
383 2017-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          306978
384 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          975000
385 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers           63557
386 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          586631
387 2016-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          192371
388 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          463700
389 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          194439
390 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          510998
391 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          107951
392 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          175359
393 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          130000
394 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          130000
395 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          163173
396 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z      <NA>        Research Centers          142074
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              date_added  organization.org_name organization.city
1   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
2   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
3   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
4   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
5   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
6   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
7   2024-03-16T04:03:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
8   2023-09-30T04:09:50Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
9   2023-08-05T04:08:57Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
10  2023-07-08T04:07:06Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
11  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
12  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
13  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
14  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
15  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
16  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
17  2023-04-08T04:04:35Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
18  2023-03-25T04:03:35Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
19  2023-03-04T04:03:14Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
20  2023-03-25T04:03:35Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
21  2023-01-28T04:01:28Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
22  2024-02-17T04:02:48Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
23  2022-12-24T04:12:06Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
24  2023-02-11T04:02:07Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
25  2022-09-24T04:09:44Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
26  2023-07-01T04:07:32Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
27  2022-09-12T02:09:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
28  2022-09-03T04:09:46Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
29  2023-08-05T04:08:57Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
30  2022-08-13T04:08:54Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
31  2022-08-06T04:08:36Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
32  2023-08-21T09:08:42Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
33  2022-08-06T04:08:36Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
34  2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
35  2022-04-23T01:04:37Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
36  2021-09-25T04:09:53Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
37  2021-08-07T04:08:48Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
38  2022-07-02T04:07:06Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
39  2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
40  2021-05-01T04:05:31Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
41  2022-06-25T04:06:32Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
42  2022-03-05T01:03:36Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
43  2021-03-13T04:03:30Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
44  2021-09-04T04:09:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
45  2023-09-02T04:09:38Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
46  2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
47  2022-09-03T04:09:46Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
48  2021-08-21T04:08:26Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
49  2020-08-22T07:08:53Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
50  2022-08-20T04:08:20Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
51  2020-08-01T07:08:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
52  2020-07-04T07:07:18Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
53  2022-05-07T01:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
54  2023-05-04T04:05:27Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
55  2021-05-01T04:05:31Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
56  2024-02-03T04:02:44Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
57  2021-02-20T07:02:05Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
58  2022-02-05T01:02:34Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
59  2020-03-07T07:03:01Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
60  2022-02-05T01:02:34Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
61  2020-11-15T09:11:54Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
62  2023-04-22T04:04:16Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
63  2020-02-01T07:02:05Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
64  2020-08-22T07:08:53Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
65  2021-08-07T04:08:48Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
66  2021-09-18T04:09:53Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
67  2022-08-06T04:08:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
68  2019-09-21T07:09:24Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
69  2022-08-06T04:08:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
70  2022-07-02T04:07:06Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
71  2019-09-07T07:09:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
72  2021-07-03T04:07:01Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
73  2020-07-04T07:07:18Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
74  2023-07-01T04:07:32Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
75  2019-09-07T07:09:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
76  2022-05-07T01:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
77  2019-06-01T07:06:09Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
78  2021-03-06T06:03:15Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
79  2021-05-15T04:05:47Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
80  2022-05-07T01:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
81  2020-05-23T07:05:43Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
82  2019-04-06T08:04:34Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
83  2020-04-04T07:04:03Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
84  2019-12-07T07:12:55Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
85  2018-12-08T07:12:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
86  2018-10-02T02:10:41Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
87  2018-09-22T07:09:08Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
88  2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
89  2019-07-06T07:07:54Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
90  2020-07-04T07:07:18Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
91  2018-09-08T07:09:21Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
92  2022-07-02T04:07:06Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
93  2021-09-04T04:09:59Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
94  2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
95  2019-09-07T07:09:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
96  2018-09-01T07:09:19Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
97  2018-10-02T02:10:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
98  2018-08-11T07:08:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
99  2020-08-01T07:08:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
100 2021-08-07T04:08:48Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
101 2019-08-03T08:08:08Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
102 2018-08-04T07:08:04Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
103 2019-06-01T07:06:09Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
104 2019-07-06T07:07:54Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
105 2018-07-07T07:07:00Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
106 2019-06-01T07:06:09Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
107 2020-06-06T07:06:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
108 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
109 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
110 2017-09-16T08:09:54Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
111 2018-09-01T07:09:19Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
112 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
113 2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
114 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
115 2021-09-11T04:09:47Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
116 2018-09-01T07:09:19Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
117 2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
118 2019-09-14T07:09:48Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
119 2017-08-05T08:08:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
120 2018-08-04T07:08:04Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
121 2017-07-01T08:07:25Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
122 2023-05-27T04:05:42Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
123 2022-08-06T04:08:36Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
124 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
125 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
126 2016-10-02T04:10:14Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
127 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
128 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
129 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
130 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
131 2016-08-07T05:08:20Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
132 2023-09-23T04:09:17Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
133 2016-07-02T11:07:14Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
134 2017-04-01T08:04:40Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
135 2016-04-05T01:04:44Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
136 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
137 2015-09-26T09:09:47Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
138 2017-07-08T09:07:05Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
139 2016-07-02T11:07:14Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
140 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
141 2015-09-05T09:09:03Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
142 2016-09-03T11:09:14Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
143 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
144 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
145 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
146 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
147 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
148 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
149 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
150 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
151 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
152 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
153 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
154 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
155 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
156 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
157 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
158 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
159 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
160 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
161 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
162 2020-08-15T07:08:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
163 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
164 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
165 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
166 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
167 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
168 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
169 2023-09-16T04:09:15Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
170 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
171 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
172 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
173 2015-09-05T09:09:03Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
174 2015-08-01T09:08:43Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
175 2014-08-16T11:08:48Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
176 2016-08-20T11:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
177 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
178 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
179 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
180 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
181 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
182 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
183 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
184 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
185 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
186 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
187 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
188 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
189 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
190 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
191 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
192 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
193 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
194 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
195 2019-08-03T08:08:08Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
196 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
197 2022-06-25T04:06:32Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
198 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
199 2023-08-26T04:08:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
200 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
201 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
202 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
203 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
204 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
205 2021-08-14T04:08:27Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
206 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
207 2023-09-09T04:09:38Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
208 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
209 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
210 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
211 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
212 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
213 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
214 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
215 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
216 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
217 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
218 2023-08-26T04:08:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
219 2014-05-17T11:05:39Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
220 2013-10-20T06:10:04Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
221 2014-10-04T11:10:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
222 2017-07-01T08:07:25Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
223 2019-02-02T07:02:06Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
224 2013-06-02T06:06:45Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
225 2022-08-20T04:08:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
226 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
227 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
228 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
229 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
230 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
231 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
232 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
233 2013-09-08T06:09:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
234 2015-09-19T09:09:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
235 2013-09-08T06:09:52Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
236 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
237 2022-08-27T04:08:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
238 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
239 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
240 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
241 2013-05-05T06:05:19Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
242 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
243 2014-05-03T11:05:21Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
244 2018-05-19T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
245 2013-05-26T06:05:02Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
246 2018-05-26T07:05:11Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
247 2014-05-03T11:05:21Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
248 2021-04-24T04:04:24Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
249 2019-04-06T08:04:34Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
250 2020-04-04T07:04:03Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
251 2012-12-09T07:12:24Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
252 2013-12-08T06:12:25Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
253 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
254 2020-08-09T11:08:19Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
255 2014-05-31T10:05:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
256 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
257 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
258 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
259 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
260 2021-09-04T04:09:59Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
261 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
262 2023-05-13T04:05:35Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
263 2023-09-23T04:09:17Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
264 2019-08-31T07:08:01Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
265 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
266 2021-08-14T04:08:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
267 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
268 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
269 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
270 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
271 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
272 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
273 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
274 2023-07-01T04:07:32Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
275 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
276 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
277 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
278 2020-08-15T07:08:27Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
279 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
280 2020-08-09T11:08:19Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
281 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
282 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
283 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
284 2023-09-16T04:09:15Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
285 2023-05-13T04:05:35Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
286 2023-09-23T04:09:17Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
287 2013-07-07T05:07:56Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
288 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
289 2020-02-01T07:02:05Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
290 2022-02-05T01:02:34Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
291 2015-10-03T09:10:10Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
292 2021-02-06T07:02:18Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
293 2019-02-02T07:02:06Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
294 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
295 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
296 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
297 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
298 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
299 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
300 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
301 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
302 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
303 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
304 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
305 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
306 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
307 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
308 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
309 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
310 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
311 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
312 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
313 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
314 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
315 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
316 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
317 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
318 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
319 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
320 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
321 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
322 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
323 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
324 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
325 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
326 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
327 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
328 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
329 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
330 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
331 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
332 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
333 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
334 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
335 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
336 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
337 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
338 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
339 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
340 2016-08-20T11:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
341 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
342 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
343 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
344 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
345 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
346 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
347 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
348 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
349 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
350 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
351 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
352 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
353 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
354 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
355 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
356 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
357 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
358 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
359 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
360 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
361 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
362 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
363 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
364 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
365 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
366 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
367 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
368 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
369 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
370 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
371 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
372 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
373 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
374 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
375 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
376 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
377 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
378 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
379 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
380 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
381 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
382 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
383 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
384 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
385 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
386 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
387 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
388 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
389 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
390 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
391 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
392 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
393 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
394 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
395 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY                NA
396 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z    UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO                NA
    organization.country organization.org_city organization.org_country
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            organization.dept_type organization.fips_country_code
1                    MISCELLANEOUS                             NA
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170                           <NA>                             NA
171                           <NA>                             NA
172                        BIOLOGY                             NA
173                        BIOLOGY                             NA
174                           NONE                             NA
175                           NONE                             NA
176                        BIOLOGY                             NA
177                           <NA>                             NA
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245 BIOSTATISTICS & OTHER MATH SCI                             NA
246                        BIOLOGY                             NA
247 BIOSTATISTICS & OTHER MATH SCI                             NA
248                        BIOLOGY                             NA
249                        BIOLOGY                             NA
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251    MICROBIOLOGY/IMMUN/VIROLOGY                             NA
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253                           NONE                             NA
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255                        BIOLOGY                             NA
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258                           <NA>                             NA
259                           <NA>                             NA
260                           NONE                             NA
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262                           <NA>                             NA
263                           NONE                             NA
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265                           <NA>                             NA
266                           NONE                             NA
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269                           <NA>                             NA
270                           <NA>                             NA
271                           NONE                             NA
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275                           NONE                             NA
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277                           <NA>                             NA
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279                           <NA>                             NA
280                           <NA>                             NA
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287                        BIOLOGY                             NA
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305                           <NA>                             NA
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311                           <NA>                             NA
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315                           <NA>                             NA
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319                           <NA>                             NA
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321                           <NA>                             NA
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325                           <NA>                             NA
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386                           <NA>                             NA
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390                           <NA>                             NA
391                           <NA>                             NA
392                           <NA>                             NA
393                           <NA>                             NA
394                           <NA>                             NA
395                           <NA>                             NA
396                           <NA>                             NA
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58                 837250001                       478201
59                 837250001                       478201
60                 837250001                       478201
61                 837250001                       478201
62                 837250001                       478201
63                 837250001                       478201
64                 838443020                      3543501
65                 838443020                      3543501
66                 838443020                      3543501
67                 838443020                      3543501
68                 838443020                      3543501
69                 838443020                      3543501
70                 837250001                       478201
71                 837250001                       478201
72                 837250001                       478201
73                 837250001                       478201
74                 837250001                       478201
75                 837250001                       478201
76                 837250001                       478201
77                 837250001                       478201
78                 837250001                       478201
79                 837250001                       478201
80                 837250001                       478201
81                 837250001                       478201
82                 838443020                      3543501
83                 838443020                      3543501
84                 838443020                      3543501
85                 838443020                      3543501
86                 837250001                       478201
87                 837250001                       478201
88                 838443020                      3543501
89                 838443020                      3543501
90                 838443020                      3543501
91                 838443020                      3543501
92                 838443020                      3543501
93                 837250001                       478201
94                 837250001                       478201
95                 837250001                       478201
96                 837250001                       478201
97                 838443020                      3543501
98                 838443020                      3543501
99                 838443020                      3543501
100                838443020                      3543501
101                838443020                      3543501
102                838443020                      3543501
103                838443020                      3543501
104                837250001                       478201
105                837250001                       478201
106                838443020                      3543501
107                838443020                      3543501
108                838443020                      3543501
109                838443020                      3543501
110                837250001                       478201
111                837250001                       478201
112                837250001                       478201
113                837250001                       478201
114                838443020                      3543501
115                837250001                       478201
116                838443020                      3543501
117                837250001                       478201
118                837250001                       478201
119                838443020                      3543501
120                838443020                      3543501
121                837250001                       478201
122                837250001                       478201
123                837250001                       478201
124                837250001                       478201
125                838443020                      3543501
126                838443020                      3543501
127                838443020                      3543501
128                838443020                      3543501
129                838443020                      3543501
130                838443020                      3543501
131                838443020                      3543501
132                838443020                      3543501
133                837250001                       478201
134                838443020                      3543501
135                838443020                      3543501
136                837250001                       478201
137                838443020                      3543501
138                838443020                      3543501
139                838443020                      3543501
140                838443020                      3543501
141                838443020                      3543501
142                838443020                      3543501
143                838443020                      3543501
144                838443020                      3543501
145                838443020                      3543501
146                838443020                      3543501
147                838443020                      3543501
148                838443020                      3543501
149                838443020                      3543501
150                838443020                      3543501
151                838443020                      3543501
152                838443020                      3543501
153                838443020                      3543501
154                838443020                      3543501
155                838443020                      3543501
156                838443020                      3543501
157                838443020                      3543501
158                838443020                      3543501
159                838443020                      3543501
160                838443020                      3543501
161                838443020                      3543501
162                838443020                      3543501
163                838443020                      3543501
164                838443020                      3543501
165                838443020                      3543501
166                838443020                      3543501
167                838443020                      3543501
168                838443020                      3543501
169                838443020                      3543501
170                838443020                      3543501
171                838443020                      3543501
172                838443020                      3543501
173                838443020                      3543501
174                838443020                      3543501
175                838443020                      3543501
176                837250001                       478201
177                837250001                       478201
178                837250001                       478201
179                837250001                       478201
180                837250001                       478201
181                837250001                       478201
182                837250001                       478201
183                837250001                       478201
184                837250001                       478201
185                837250001                       478201
186                837250001                       478201
187                837250001                       478201
188                837250001                       478201
189                837250001                       478201
190                837250001                       478201
191                837250001                       478201
192                837250001                       478201
193                837250001                       478201
194                837250001                       478201
195                837250001                       478201
196                837250001                       478201
197                837250001                       478201
198                837250001                       478201
199                837250001                       478201
200                837250001                       478201
201                837250001                       478201
202                837250001                       478201
203                837250001                       478201
204                837250001                       478201
205                837250001                       478201
206                837250001                       478201
207                837250001                       478201
208                837250001                       478201
209                837250001                       478201
210                837250001                       478201
211                837250001                       478201
212                837250001                       478201
213                837250001                       478201
214                837250001                       478201
215                837250001                       478201
216                837250001                       478201
217                837250001                       478201
218                837250001                       478201
219                838443020                      3543501
220                838443020                      3543501
221                838443020                      3543501
222                837250001                       478201
223                837250001                       478201
224                837250001                       478201
225                837250001                       478201
226                838443020                      3543501
227                838443020                      3543501
228                838443020                      3543501
229                838443020                      3543501
230                838443020                      3543501
231                837250001                       478201
232                837250001                       478201
233                837250001                       478201
234                837250001                       478201
235                838443020                      3543501
236                838443020                      3543501
237                838443020                      3543501
238                838443020                      3543501
239                838443020                      3543501
240                838443020                      3543501
241                838443020                      3543501
242                838443020                      3543501
243                838443020                      3543501
244                838443020                      3543501
245                838443020                      3543501
246                838443020                      3543501
247                838443020                      3543501
248                838443020                      3543501
249                838443020                      3543501
250                838443020                      3543501
251                838443020                      3543501
252                838443020                      3543501
253                838443020                      3543501
254                838443020                      3543501
255                838443020                      3543501
256                838443020                      3543501
257                838443020                      3543501
258                838443020                      3543501
259                838443020                      3543501
260                838443020                      3543501
261                838443020                      3543501
262                838443020                      3543501
263                838443020                      3543501
264                838443020                      3543501
265                838443020                      3543501
266                838443020                      3543501
267                838443020                      3543501
268                838443020                      3543501
269                838443020                      3543501
270                838443020                      3543501
271                838443020                      3543501
272                838443020                      3543501
273                838443020                      3543501
274                838443020                      3543501
275                838443020                      3543501
276                838443020                      3543501
277                838443020                      3543501
278                838443020                      3543501
279                838443020                      3543501
280                838443020                      3543501
281                838443020                      3543501
282                838443020                      3543501
283                838443020                      3543501
284                838443020                      3543501
285                838443020                      3543501
286                838443020                      3543501
287                838443020                      3543501
288                838443020                      3543501
289                838443020                      3543501
290                838443020                      3543501
291                838443020                      3543501
292                838443020                      3543501
293                838443020                      3543501
294                838443020                      3543501
295                838443020                      3543501
296                838443020                      3543501
297                838443020                      3543501
298                838443020                      3543501
299                838443020                      3543501
300                838443020                      3543501
301                838443020                      3543501
302                838443020                      3543501
303                838443020                      3543501
304                837250001                       478201
305                837250001                       478201
306                837250001                       478201
307                837250001                       478201
308                837250001                       478201
309                837250001                       478201
310                837250001                       478201
311                838443020                      3543501
312                838443020                      3543501
313                838443020                      3543501
314                838443020                      3543501
315                838443020                      3543501
316                838443020                      3543501
317                838443020                      3543501
318                837250001                       478201
319                838443020                      3543501
320                838443020                      3543501
321                838443020                      3543501
322                838443020                      3543501
323                837250001                       478201
324                837250001                       478201
325                837250001                       478201
326                838443020                      3543501
327                838443020                      3543501
328                837250001                       478201
329                837250001                       478201
330                837250001                       478201
331                837250001                       478201
332                837250001                       478201
333                837250001                       478201
334                837250001                       478201
335                838443020                      3543501
336                838443020                      3543501
337                838443020                      3543501
338                838443020                      3543501
339                838443020                      3543501
340                837250001                       478201
341                838443020                      3543501
342                838443020                      3543501
343                838443020                      3543501
344                838443020                      3543501
345                837250001                       478201
346                838443020                      3543501
347                837250001                       478201
348                837250001                       478201
349                837250001                       478201
350                838443020                      3543501
351                838443020                      3543501
352                838443020                      3543501
353                838443020                      3543501
354                838443020                      3543501
355                837250001                       478201
356                837250001                       478201
357                838443020                      3543501
358                837250001                       478201
359                837250001                       478201
360                837250001                       478201
361                838443020                      3543501
362                838443020                      3543501
363                838443020                      3543501
364                838443020                      3543501
365                838443020                      3543501
366                838443020                      3543501
367                838443020                      3543501
368                838443020                      3543501
369                838443020                      3543501
370                838443020                      3543501
371                837250001                       478201
372                838443020                      3543501
373                838443020                      3543501
374                838443020                      3543501
375                838443020                      3543501
376                837250001                       478201
377                837250001                       478201
378                838443020                      3543501
379                838443020                      3543501
380                838443020                      3543501
381                838443020                      3543501
382                838443020                      3543501
383                838443020                      3543501
384                838443020                      3543501
385                838443020                      3543501
386                838443020                      3543501
387                837250001                       478201
388                838443020                      3543501
389                838443020                      3543501
390                838443020                      3543501
391                838443020                      3543501
392                837250001                       478201
393                837250001                       478201
394                837250001                       478201
395                837250001                       478201
396                838443020                      3543501
    project_num_split.appl_type_code project_num_split.activity_code
1                                  1                             P20
2                                  1                             P20
3                                  1                             P20
4                                  1                             P20
5                                  1                             P20
6                                  1                             P20
7                                  1                             P20
8                                  1                             R01
9                                  1                             T34
10                                 1                             R25
11                                 1                             P20
12                                 1                             P20
13                                 1                             P20
14                                 1                             P20
15                                 1                             P20
16                                 1                             P20
17                                 1                             P20
18                                 5                             P20
19                                 1                             R15
20                                 5                             P20
21                                 1                             R21
22                                 5                             R21
23                                 5                             P20
24                                 7                             R15
25                                 1                             R15
26                                 3                             R15
27                                 1                             R03
28                                 1                             R15
29                                 5                             R01
30                                 1                             R01
31                                 1                             S10
32                                 5                             T34
33                                 1                             T34
34                                 5                             P20
35                                 1                             R15
36                                 3                             R15
37                                 1                             R21
38                                 5                             R21
39                                 1                             R21
40                                 1                             R15
41                                 3                             R15
42                                 5                             R21
43                                 1                             R21
44                                 5                             R01
45                                 5                             R01
46                                 1                             R15
47                                 5                             R01
48                                 5                             F31
49                                 1                             F31
50                                 5                             F31
51                                 1                             R01
52                                 1                             R01
53                                 5                             R01
54                                 5                             R01
55                                 5                             R01
56                                 5                             R01
57                                 5                             R01
58                                 5                             R01
59                                 1                             R01
60                                 3                             R01
61                                 3                             R01
62                                 5                             R01
63                                 1                             R15
64                                 5                             R01
65                                 5                             R01
66                                 3                             R01
67                                 3                             R01
68                                 1                             R01
69                                 5                             R01
70                                 5                             R01
71                                 1                             R01
72                                 5                             R01
73                                 5                             R01
74                                 5                             R01
75                                 1                             R15
76                                 5                             R01
77                                 1                             R01
78                                 3                             R01
79                                 5                             R01
80                                 3                             R01
81                                 5                             R01
82                                 1                             R01
83                                 5                             R01
84                                 5                             R21
85                                 1                             R21
86                                 1                             R15
87                                 1                             R15
88                                 5                             R01
89                                 5                             R01
90                                 5                             R01
91                                 1                             R01
92                                 5                             R01
93                                 3                             K01
94                                 5                             K01
95                                 5                             K01
96                                 1                             K01
97                                 3                             R01
98                                 1                             R01
99                                 5                             R01
100                                5                             R01
101                                5                             R01
102                                1                             R03
103                                5                             R03
104                                5                             R21
105                                1                             R21
106                                5                             R01
107                                5                             R01
108                                5                             R01
109                                1                             R01
110                                3                             R15
111                                5                             R25
112                                1                             R25
113                                3                             R25
114                                1                             R21
115                                5                             R25
116                                5                             R21
117                                5                             R25
118                                5                             R25
119                                1                             R03
120                                5                             R03
121                                1                             R15
122                                3                             R15
123                                2                             R15
124                                1                             R15
125                                5                             R21
126                                1                             R21
127                                7                             R56
128                                5                             R01
129                                5                             R01
130                                5                             R01
131                                1                             R01
132                                2                             R01
133                                1                             R15
134                                5                             R21
135                                1                             R21
136                                1                             R15
137                                4                             R00
138                                5                             R00
139                                5                             R00
140                                5                             U01
141                                1                             U01
142                                5                             U01
143                                1                             P20
144                                1                             P20
145                                1                             P20
146                                5                             P20
147                                5                             P20
148                                5                             P20
149                                5                             P20
150                                5                             P20
151                                5                             P20
152                                5                             P20
153                                5                             P20
154                                5                             P20
155                                5                             P20
156                                5                             P20
157                                5                             P20
158                                1                             P20
159                                5                             P20
160                                5                             P20
161                                5                             P20
162                                3                             P20
163                                5                             P20
164                                5                             P20
165                                1                             P20
166                                2                             P20
167                                1                             P20
168                                5                             P20
169                                3                             P20
170                                5                             P20
171                                5                             P20
172                                1                             R21
173                                5                             R21
174                                5                             R21
175                                1                             R21
176                                3                             P20
177                                1                             P20
178                                5                             P20
179                                5                             P20
180                                5                             P20
181                                5                             P20
182                                5                             P20
183                                5                             P20
184                                5                             P20
185                                5                             P20
186                                5                             P20
187                                1                             P20
188                                1                             P20
189                                1                             P20
190                                1                             P20
191                                1                             P20
192                                5                             P20
193                                5                             P20
194                                5                             P20
195                                2                             P20
196                                5                             P20
197                                3                             P20
198                                5                             P20
199                                3                             P20
200                                1                             P20
201                                5                             P20
202                                5                             P20
203                                5                             P20
204                                5                             P20
205                                3                             P20
206                                5                             P20
207                                3                             P20
208                                1                             P20
209                                5                             P20
210                                5                             P20
211                                5                             P20
212                                5                             P20
213                                5                             P20
214                                5                             P20
215                                5                             P20
216                                5                             P20
217                                5                             P20
218                                3                             P20
219                                1                             S10
220                                1                             U79
221                                5                             U79
222                                7                             R01
223                                2                             R15
224                                1                             R15
225                                2                             R15
226                                5                             P30
227                                1                             P30
228                                4                             P30
229                                5                             P30
230                                5                             P30
231                                2                             R15
232                                5                             K25
233                                5                             K25
234                                5                             K25
235                                5                             R01
236                                5                             R01
237                                3                             R01
238                                5                             R01
239                                5                             R01
240                                5                             R01
241                                5                             R01
242                                5                             R01
243                                5                             R01
244                                2                             R01
245                                5                             R01
246                                2                             R01
247                                5                             R01
248                                5                             R01
249                                5                             R01
250                                5                             R01
251                                5                             R01
252                                5                             R01
253                                2                             P20
254                                3                             P20
255                                5                             P20
256                                2                             P20
257                                5                             P20
258                                5                             P20
259                                5                             P20
260                                3                             P20
261                                5                             P20
262                                3                             P20
263                                3                             P20
264                                3                             P20
265                                5                             P20
266                                3                             P20
267                                3                             P20
268                                5                             P20
269                                5                             P20
270                                5                             P20
271                                5                             P20
272                                5                             P20
273                                5                             P20
274                                3                             P20
275                                5                             P20
276                                3                             P20
277                                5                             P20
278                                3                             P20
279                                5                             P20
280                                3                             P20
281                                5                             P20
282                                5                             P20
283                                5                             P20
284                                3                             P20
285                                3                             P20
286                                3                             P20
287                                5                             R01
288                                2                             R01
289                                5                             R01
290                                5                             R01
291                                2                             R01
292                                5                             R01
293                                5                             R01
294                                5                             P30
295                                1                             P30
296                                5                             P30
297                                5                             P30
298                                5                             P20
299                                2                             P20
300                                2                             P20
301                                5                             P20
302                                5                             P20
303                                5                             P20
304                                5                             P20
305                                5                             P20
306                                5                             P20
307                                5                             P20
308                                5                             P20
309                                5                             P20
310                                5                             P20
311                                5                             P20
312                                5                             P30
313                                5                             P30
314                                5                             P20
315                                5                             P20
316                                4                             P30
317                                4                             P30
318                                5                             P20
319                                2                             P20
320                                2                             P20
321                                5                             P20
322                                5                             P20
323                                2                             P20
324                                2                             P20
325                                2                             P20
326                                1                             P30
327                                2                             P20
328                                5                             P20
329                                5                             P20
330                                5                             P20
331                                5                             P20
332                                5                             P20
333                                5                             P20
334                                5                             P20
335                                5                             P30
336                                5                             P20
337                                5                             P20
338                                5                             P20
339                                5                             P20
340                                3                             P20
341                                2                             P20
342                                4                             P30
343                                5                             P20
344                                5                             P20
345                                5                             P20
346                                5                             P20
347                                5                             P20
348                                5                             P20
349                                5                             P20
350                                5                             P20
351                                5                             P20
352                                2                             P20
353                                5                             P20
354                                5                             P20
355                                5                             P20
356                                5                             P20
357                                5                             P20
358                                5                             P20
359                                5                             P20
360                                5                             P20
361                                5                             P20
362                                5                             P20
363                                5                             P20
364                                5                             P20
365                                5                             P20
366                                2                             P20
367                                2                             P20
368                                2                             P20
369                                5                             P30
370                                5                             P20
371                                2                             P20
372                                2                             P20
373                                5                             P20
374                                5                             P20
375                                5                             P20
376                                5                             P20
377                                5                             P20
378                                5                             P30
379                                5                             P20
380                                5                             P20
381                                1                             P30
382                                5                             P20
383                                5                             P20
384                                5                             P20
385                                5                             P20
386                                5                             P20
387                                5                             P20
388                                5                             P20
389                                5                             P20
390                                2                             P20
391                                2                             P20
392                                2                             P20
393                                2                             P20
394                                2                             P20
395                                5                             P20
396                                5                             P30
    project_num_split.ic_code project_num_split.serial_num
1                          GM                       152304
2                          GM                       152304
3                          GM                       152304
4                          GM                       152304
5                          GM                       152304
6                          GM                       152304
7                          GM                       152304
8                          GM                       152736
9                          GM                       142620
10                         GM                       150142
11                         GM                       148321
12                         GM                       148321
13                         GM                       148321
14                         GM                       148321
15                         GM                       148321
16                         GM                       148321
17                         GM                       148321
18                         GM                       104420
19                         HL                       167130
20                         GM                       104420
21                         AI                       175749
22                         AI                       175749
23                         GM                       109095
24                         NS                       107743
25                         GM                       148920
26                         GM                       148920
27                         NS                       130141
28                         HL                       165397
29                         AI                       165481
30                         AI                       165481
31                         OD                       032354
32                         GM                       146634
33                         GM                       146634
34                         GM                       109095
35                         CA                       271157
36                         AR                       075314
37                         EB                       031257
38                         AI                       163870
39                         AI                       163870
40                         GM                       141770
41                         GM                       141770
42                         MH                       126076
43                         MH                       126076
44                         EY                       030467
45                         EY                       030467
46                         CA                       242471
47                         EY                       030467
48                         EY                       031962
49                         EY                       031962
50                         EY                       031962
51                         EY                       030467
52                         NS                       110934
53                         NS                       110934
54                         NS                       110934
55                         NS                       110934
56                         AG                       059923
57                         AG                       059923
58                         AG                       059923
59                         AG                       059923
60                         AG                       059923
61                         AG                       059923
62                         AG                       059923
63                         GM                       134501
64                         GM                       127675
65                         GM                       127675
66                         GM                       127675
67                         GM                       127675
68                         GM                       127675
69                         GM                       127675
70                         EY                       030067
71                         EY                       030067
72                         EY                       030067
73                         EY                       030067
74                         EY                       030067
75                         AR                       075314
76                         MH                       119127
77                         MH                       119127
78                         MH                       119127
79                         MH                       119127
80                         MH                       119127
81                         MH                       119127
82                         NS                       111283
83                         NS                       111283
84                         AI                       135691
85                         AI                       135691
86                         AG                       059655
87                         EB                       024930
88                         HD                       092297
89                         HD                       092297
90                         HD                       092297
91                         HD                       092297
92                         HD                       092297
93                         ES                       028745
94                         ES                       028745
95                         ES                       028745
96                         ES                       028745
97                         EY                       012146
98                         AI                       139503
99                         AI                       139503
100                        AI                       139503
101                        AI                       139503
102                        EB                       024134
103                        EB                       024134
104                        AA                       023880
105                        AA                       023880
106                        AI                       131609
107                        AI                       131609
108                        AI                       131609
109                        AI                       131609
110                        NS                       096702
111                        GM                       123927
112                        GM                       123927
113                        GM                       123927
114                        EY                       028297
115                        GM                       123927
116                        EY                       028297
117                        GM                       123927
118                        GM                       123927
119                        CA                       216179
120                        CA                       216179
121                        GM                       125065
122                        GM                       123446
123                        GM                       123446
124                        GM                       123446
125                        EY                       026501
126                        EY                       026501
127                        AI                       118926
128                        GM                       122079
129                        GM                       122079
130                        GM                       122079
131                        GM                       122079
132                        GM                       122079
133                        NS                       096702
134                        EY                       026814
135                        EY                       026814
136                        GM                       117323
137                        HG                       007368
138                        HG                       007368
139                        HG                       007368
140                        OH                       010841
141                        OH                       010841
142                        OH                       010841
143                        GM                       104420
144                        GM                       104420
145                        GM                       104420
146                        GM                       104420
147                        GM                       104420
148                        GM                       104420
149                        GM                       104420
150                        GM                       104420
151                        GM                       104420
152                        GM                       104420
153                        GM                       104420
154                        GM                       104420
155                        GM                       104420
156                        GM                       104420
157                        GM                       104420
158                        GM                       104420
159                        GM                       104420
160                        GM                       104420
161                        GM                       104420
162                        GM                       104420
163                        GM                       104420
164                        GM                       104420
165                        GM                       104420
166                        GM                       104420
167                        GM                       104420
168                        GM                       104420
169                        GM                       104420
170                        GM                       104420
171                        GM                       104420
172                        DE                       023924
173                        DE                       023924
174                        AI                       113617
175                        AI                       113617
176                        GM                       109095
177                        GM                       109095
178                        GM                       109095
179                        GM                       109095
180                        GM                       109095
181                        GM                       109095
182                        GM                       109095
183                        GM                       109095
184                        GM                       109095
185                        GM                       109095
186                        GM                       109095
187                        GM                       109095
188                        GM                       109095
189                        GM                       109095
190                        GM                       109095
191                        GM                       109095
192                        GM                       109095
193                        GM                       109095
194                        GM                       109095
195                        GM                       109095
196                        GM                       109095
197                        GM                       109095
198                        GM                       109095
199                        GM                       109095
200                        GM                       109095
201                        GM                       109095
202                        GM                       109095
203                        GM                       109095
204                        GM                       109095
205                        GM                       109095
206                        GM                       109095
207                        GM                       109095
208                        GM                       109095
209                        GM                       109095
210                        GM                       109095
211                        GM                       109095
212                        GM                       109095
213                        GM                       109095
214                        GM                       109095
215                        GM                       109095
216                        GM                       109095
217                        GM                       109095
218                        GM                       109095
219                        OD                       018044
220                        SM                       061459
221                        SM                       061459
222                        GM                       105686
223                        AG                       042781
224                        AG                       042781
225                        AG                       042781
226                        GM                       103324
227                        GM                       103324
228                        GM                       103324
229                        GM                       103324
230                        GM                       103324
231                        GM                       102852
232                        GM                       093233
233                        GM                       093233
234                        GM                       093233
235                        EY                       020857
236                        EY                       020857
237                        AI                       084918
238                        AI                       084918
239                        AI                       084918
240                        AI                       084918
241                        AI                       084918
242                        AI                       084918
243                        AI                       084918
244                        AI                       084918
245                        GM                       076040
246                        GM                       076040
247                        GM                       076040
248                        GM                       076040
249                        GM                       076040
250                        GM                       076040
251                        AI                       051463
252                        AI                       051463
253                        GM                       103408
254                        GM                       103408
255                        GM                       103408
256                        GM                       103408
257                        GM                       103408
258                        GM                       103408
259                        GM                       103408
260                        GM                       103408
261                        GM                       103408
262                        GM                       103408
263                        GM                       103408
264                        GM                       103408
265                        GM                       103408
266                        GM                       103408
267                        GM                       103408
268                        GM                       103408
269                        GM                       103408
270                        GM                       103408
271                        GM                       103408
272                        GM                       103408
273                        GM                       103408
274                        GM                       103408
275                        GM                       103408
276                        GM                       103408
277                        GM                       103408
278                        GM                       103408
279                        GM                       103408
280                        GM                       103408
281                        GM                       103408
282                        GM                       103408
283                        GM                       103408
284                        GM                       103408
285                        GM                       103408
286                        GM                       103408
287                        EY                       012146
288                        EY                       012146
289                        EY                       012146
290                        EY                       012146
291                        EY                       012146
292                        EY                       012146
293                        EY                       012146
294                        GM                       103324
295                        GM                       103324
296                        GM                       103324
297                        GM                       103324
298                        GM                       103408
299                        GM                       104420
300                        GM                       104420
301                        GM                       103408
302                        GM                       104420
303                        GM                       103408
304                        GM                       109095
305                        GM                       109095
306                        GM                       109095
307                        GM                       109095
308                        GM                       109095
309                        GM                       109095
310                        GM                       109095
311                        GM                       104420
312                        GM                       103324
313                        GM                       103324
314                        GM                       104420
315                        GM                       104420
316                        GM                       103324
317                        GM                       103324
318                        GM                       109095
319                        GM                       103408
320                        GM                       103408
321                        GM                       103408
322                        GM                       104420
323                        GM                       109095
324                        GM                       109095
325                        GM                       109095
326                        GM                       103324
327                        GM                       103408
328                        GM                       109095
329                        GM                       109095
330                        GM                       109095
331                        GM                       109095
332                        GM                       109095
333                        GM                       109095
334                        GM                       109095
335                        GM                       103324
336                        GM                       104420
337                        GM                       103408
338                        GM                       104420
339                        GM                       104420
340                        GM                       109095
341                        GM                       103408
342                        GM                       103324
343                        GM                       103408
344                        GM                       103408
345                        GM                       109095
346                        GM                       103408
347                        GM                       109095
348                        GM                       109095
349                        GM                       109095
350                        GM                       104420
351                        GM                       104420
352                        GM                       103408
353                        GM                       103408
354                        GM                       103408
355                        GM                       109095
356                        GM                       109095
357                        GM                       103408
358                        GM                       109095
359                        GM                       109095
360                        GM                       109095
361                        GM                       104420
362                        GM                       104420
363                        GM                       104420
364                        GM                       104420
365                        GM                       104420
366                        GM                       103408
367                        GM                       103408
368                        GM                       103408
369                        GM                       103324
370                        GM                       103408
371                        GM                       109095
372                        GM                       104420
373                        GM                       103408
374                        GM                       103408
375                        GM                       103408
376                        GM                       109095
377                        GM                       109095
378                        GM                       103324
379                        GM                       103408
380                        GM                       103408
381                        GM                       103324
382                        GM                       104420
383                        GM                       104420
384                        GM                       103408
385                        GM                       103408
386                        GM                       104420
387                        GM                       109095
388                        GM                       104420
389                        GM                       104420
390                        GM                       104420
391                        GM                       104420
392                        GM                       109095
393                        GM                       109095
394                        GM                       109095
395                        GM                       109095
396                        GM                       103324
    project_num_split.support_year project_num_split.full_support_year
1                               01                                  01
2                               01                                  01
3                               01                                  01
4                               01                                  01
5                               01                                  01
6                               01                                  01
7                               01                                  01
8                               01                                  01
9                               01                                01A1
10                              01                                  01
11                              01                                  01
12                              01                                  01
13                              01                                  01
14                              01                                  01
15                              01                                  01
16                              01                                  01
17                              01                                  01
18                              08                                  08
19                              01                                  01
20                              08                                  08
21                              01                                  01
22                              02                                  02
23                              09                                  09
24                              02                                  02
25                              01                                  01
26                              01                                01S1
27                              01                                  01
28                              01                                  01
29                              02                                  02
30                              01                                01A1
31                              01                                  01
32                              02                                  02
33                              01                                  01
34                              09                                  09
35                              01                                  01
36                              01                                01S1
37                              01                                  01
38                              02                                  02
39                              01                                  01
40                              01                                  01
41                              01                                01S1
42                              02                                  02
43                              01                                  01
44                              02                                  02
45                              04                                  04
46                              01                                01A1
47                              03                                  03
48                              02                                  02
49                              01                                  01
50                              03                                  03
51                              01                                01A1
52                              01                                01A1
53                              03                                  03
54                              04                                  04
55                              02                                  02
56                              05                                  05
57                              02                                  02
58                              03                                  03
59                              01                                01A1
60                              03                                03S1
61                              01                              01A1S1
62                              04                                  04
63                              01                                  01
64                              02                                  02
65                              03                                  03
66                              03                                03S1
67                              04                                04S1
68                              01                                01A1
69                              04                                  04
70                              04                                  04
71                              01                                  01
72                              03                                  03
73                              02                                  02
74                              05                                  05
75                              01                                  01
76                              04                                  04
77                              01                                  01
78                              02                                02S1
79                              03                                  03
80                              04                                04S1
81                              02                                  02
82                              01                                  01
83                              02                                  02
84                              02                                  02
85                              01                                01A1
86                              01                                01A1
87                              01                                01A1
88                              04                                  04
89                              02                                  02
90                              03                                  03
91                              01                                01A1
92                              05                                  05
93                              03                                03S1
94                              03                                  03
95                              02                                  02
96                              01                                01A1
97                              16                                16S1
98                              01                                  01
99                              03                                  03
100                             04                                  04
101                             02                                  02
102                             01                                01A1
103                             02                                  02
104                             02                                  02
105                             01                                01A1
106                             02                                  02
107                             03                                  03
108                             04                                  04
109                             01                                01A1
110                             01                                01S1
111                             02                                  02
112                             01                                  01
113                             04                                04S1
114                             01                                  01
115                             05                                  05
116                             02                                  02
117                             04                                  04
118                             03                                  03
119                             01                                  01
120                             02                                  02
121                             01                                  01
122                             02                              02A1S1
123                             02                                02A1
124                             01                                  01
125                             02                                  02
126                             01                                01A1
127                             02                                  02
128                             03                                  03
129                             04                                  04
130                             02                                  02
131                             01                                  01
132                             05                                05A1
133                             01                                  01
134                             02                                  02
135                             01                                  01
136                             01                                  01
137                             02                                  02
138                             04                                  04
139                             03                                  03
140                             03                                  03
141                             01                                01A1
142                             02                                  02
143                             01                                01A1
144                             01                                01A1
145                             01                                01A1
146                             09                                  09
147                             04                                  04
148                             08                                  08
149                             07                                  07
150                             07                                  07
151                             08                                  08
152                             08                                  08
153                             08                                  08
154                             07                                  07
155                             07                                  07
156                             07                                  07
157                             03                                  03
158                             01                                01A1
159                             02                                  02
160                             05                                  05
161                             09                                  09
162                             06                              06A1S1
163                             07                                  07
164                             09                                  09
165                             01                                01A1
166                             06                                06A1
167                             01                                01A1
168                             08                                  08
169                             09                                09S1
170                             09                                  09
171                             09                                  09
172                             01                                01A1
173                             02                                  02
174                             02                                  02
175                             01                                  01
176                             03                                03S1
177                             01                                  01
178                             10                                  10
179                             10                                  10
180                             04                                  04
181                             05                                  05
182                             09                                  09
183                             09                                  09
184                             09                                  09
185                             08                                  08
186                             08                                  08
187                             01                                  01
188                             01                                  01
189                             01                                  01
190                             01                                  01
191                             01                                  01
192                             02                                  02
193                             03                                  03
194                             08                                  08
195                             06                                  06
196                             07                                  07
197                             09                                09S1
198                             10                                  10
199                             10                                10S1
200                             01                                  01
201                             09                                  09
202                             07                                  07
203                             07                                  07
204                             07                                  07
205                             08                                08S1
206                             10                                  10
207                             10                                10S2
208                             01                                  01
209                             10                                  10
210                             10                                  10
211                             07                                  07
212                             07                                  07
213                             09                                  09
214                             09                                  09
215                             08                                  08
216                             08                                  08
217                             08                                  08
218                             10                                10S1
219                             01                                  01
220                             01                                  01
221                             02                                  02
222                             05                                  05
223                             02                                02A1
224                             01                                01A1
225                             03                                  03
226                             02                                  02
227                             01                                  01
228                             04                                  04
229                             05                                  05
230                             03                                  03
231                             02                                  02
232                             04                                  04
233                             03                                  03
234                             05                                  05
235                             04                                  04
236                             05                                  05
237                             10                                10S1
238                             08                                  08
239                             07                                  07
240                             10                                  10
241                             04                                  04
242                             09                                  09
243                             05                                  05
244                             06                                06A1
245                             08                                  08
246                             10                                  10
247                             09                                  09
248                             13                                  13
249                             11                                  11
250                             12                                  12
251                             09                                  09
252                             10                                  10
253                             19                                  19
254                             20                                20S1
255                             13                                  13
256                             14                                  14
257                             22                                  22
258                             22                                  22
259                             22                                  22
260                             21                                21S3
261                             23                                  23
262                             23                                23S1
263                             23                                23S4
264                             19                                19S1
265                             22                                  22
266                             21                                21S2
267                             21                                21S1
268                             21                                  21
269                             21                                  21
270                             21                                  21
271                             15                                  15
272                             23                                  23
273                             23                                  23
274                             23                                23S2
275                             16                                  16
276                             14                                14S1
277                             23                                  23
278                             20                                20S2
279                             21                                  21
280                             20                                20S1
281                             20                                  20
282                             18                                  18
283                             17                                  17
284                             23                                23S3
285                             23                                23S1
286                             23                                23S4
287                             14                                  14
288                             16                                  16
289                             18                                  18
290                             20                                  20
291                             15                                15A1
292                             19                                  19
293                             17                                  17
294                             03                                  03
295                             01                                  01
296                             02                                  02
297                             02                                  02
298                             15                                  15
299                             06                                06A1
300                             06                                06A1
301                             18                                  18
302                             02                                  02
303                             16                                  16
304                             04                                  04
305                             04                                  04
306                             04                                  04
307                             04                                  04
308                             05                                  05
309                             05                                  05
310                             05                                  05
311                             04                                  04
312                             05                                  05
313                             05                                  05
314                             03                                  03
315                             03                                  03
316                             04                                  04
317                             04                                  04
318                             03                                  03
319                             19                                  19
320                             19                                  19
321                             17                                  17
322                             05                                  05
323                             06                                  06
324                             06                                  06
325                             06                                  06
326                             01                                  01
327                             14                                  14
328                             02                                  02
329                             02                                  02
330                             02                                  02
331                             03                                  03
332                             03                                  03
333                             03                                  03
334                             04                                  04
335                             03                                  03
336                             02                                  02
337                             16                                  16
338                             02                                  02
339                             05                                  05
340                             03                                03S1
341                             19                                  19
342                             04                                  04
343                             18                                  18
344                             18                                  18
345                             05                                  05
346                             20                                  20
347                             02                                  02
348                             02                                  02
349                             02                                  02
350                             05                                  05
351                             05                                  05
352                             19                                  19
353                             20                                  20
354                             20                                  20
355                             03                                  03
356                             03                                  03
357                             18                                  18
358                             05                                  05
359                             05                                  05
360                             05                                  05
361                             04                                  04
362                             04                                  04
363                             04                                  04
364                             03                                  03
365                             03                                  03
366                             14                                  14
367                             14                                  14
368                             14                                  14
369                             03                                  03
370                             15                                  15
371                             06                                  06
372                             06                                06A1
373                             17                                  17
374                             17                                  17
375                             17                                  17
376                             04                                  04
377                             04                                  04
378                             02                                  02
379                             15                                  15
380                             15                                  15
381                             01                                  01
382                             02                                  02
383                             02                                  02
384                             16                                  16
385                             16                                  16
386                             04                                  04
387                             02                                  02
388                             03                                  03
389                             05                                  05
390                             06                                06A1
391                             06                                06A1
392                             06                                  06
393                             06                                  06
394                             06                                  06
395                             03                                  03
396                             05                                  05
    project_num_split.suffix_code agency_ic_admin.code
1                                                   GM
2                                                   GM
3                                                   GM
4                                                   GM
5                                                   GM
6                                                   GM
7                                                   GM
8                                                   GM
9                              A1                   GM
10                                                  GM
11                                                  GM
12                                                  GM
13                                                  GM
14                                                  GM
15                                                  GM
16                                                  GM
17                                                  GM
18                                                  GM
19                                                  HL
20                                                  GM
21                                                  AI
22                                                  AI
23                                                  GM
24                                                  NS
25                                                  GM
26                             S1                   GM
27                                                  NS
28                                                  HL
29                                                  AI
30                             A1                   AI
31                                                  OD
32                                                  GM
33                                                  GM
34                                                  GM
35                                                  CA
36                             S1                   AR
37                                                  EB
38                                                  AI
39                                                  AI
40                                                  GM
41                             S1                   GM
42                                                  MH
43                                                  MH
44                                                  EY
45                                                  EY
46                             A1                   CA
47                                                  EY
48                                                  EY
49                                                  EY
50                                                  EY
51                             A1                   EY
52                             A1                   NS
53                                                  NS
54                                                  NS
55                                                  NS
56                                                  AG
57                                                  AG
58                                                  AG
59                             A1                   AG
60                             S1                   AG
61                           A1S1                   AG
62                                                  AG
63                                                  GM
64                                                  GM
65                                                  GM
66                             S1                   GM
67                             S1                   GM
68                             A1                   GM
69                                                  GM
70                                                  EY
71                                                  EY
72                                                  EY
73                                                  EY
74                                                  EY
75                                                  AR
76                                                  MH
77                                                  MH
78                             S1                   MH
79                                                  MH
80                             S1                   MH
81                                                  MH
82                                                  NS
83                                                  NS
84                                                  AI
85                             A1                   AI
86                             A1                   AG
87                             A1                   EB
88                                                  HD
89                                                  HD
90                                                  HD
91                             A1                   HD
92                                                  HD
93                             S1                   ES
94                                                  ES
95                                                  ES
96                             A1                   ES
97                             S1                   EY
98                                                  AI
99                                                  AI
100                                                 AI
101                                                 AI
102                            A1                   EB
103                                                 EB
104                                                 AA
105                            A1                   AA
106                                                 AI
107                                                 AI
108                                                 AI
109                            A1                   AI
110                            S1                   NS
111                                                 GM
112                                                 GM
113                            S1                   GM
114                                                 EY
115                                                 GM
116                                                 EY
117                                                 GM
118                                                 GM
119                                                 CA
120                                                 CA
121                                                 GM
122                          A1S1                   GM
123                            A1                   GM
124                                                 GM
125                                                 EY
126                            A1                   EY
127                                                 AI
128                                                 GM
129                                                 GM
130                                                 GM
131                                                 GM
132                            A1                   GM
133                                                 NS
134                                                 EY
135                                                 EY
136                                                 GM
137                                                 HG
138                                                 HG
139                                                 HG
140                                                 OH
141                            A1                   OH
142                                                 OH
143                            A1                   GM
144                            A1                   GM
145                            A1                   GM
146                                                 GM
147                                                 GM
148                                                 GM
149                                                 GM
150                                                 GM
151                                                 GM
152                                                 GM
153                                                 GM
154                                                 GM
155                                                 GM
156                                                 GM
157                                                 GM
158                            A1                   GM
159                                                 GM
160                                                 GM
161                                                 GM
162                          A1S1                   GM
163                                                 GM
164                                                 GM
165                            A1                   GM
166                            A1                   GM
167                            A1                   GM
168                                                 GM
169                            S1                   GM
170                                                 GM
171                                                 GM
172                            A1                   DE
173                                                 DE
174                                                 AI
175                                                 AI
176                            S1                   GM
177                                                 GM
178                                                 GM
179                                                 GM
180                                                 GM
181                                                 GM
182                                                 GM
183                                                 GM
184                                                 GM
185                                                 GM
186                                                 GM
187                                                 GM
188                                                 GM
189                                                 GM
190                                                 GM
191                                                 GM
192                                                 GM
193                                                 GM
194                                                 GM
195                                                 GM
196                                                 GM
197                            S1                   GM
198                                                 GM
199                            S1                   GM
200                                                 GM
201                                                 GM
202                                                 GM
203                                                 GM
204                                                 GM
205                            S1                   GM
206                                                 GM
207                            S2                   GM
208                                                 GM
209                                                 GM
210                                                 GM
211                                                 GM
212                                                 GM
213                                                 GM
214                                                 GM
215                                                 GM
216                                                 GM
217                                                 GM
218                            S1                   GM
219                                                 OD
220                                                 SU
221                                                 SU
222                                                 GM
223                            A1                   AG
224                            A1                   AG
225                                                 AG
226                                                 GM
227                                                 GM
228                                                 GM
229                                                 GM
230                                                 GM
231                                                 GM
232                                                 GM
233                                                 GM
234                                                 GM
235                                                 EY
236                                                 EY
237                            S1                   AI
238                                                 AI
239                                                 AI
240                                                 AI
241                                                 AI
242                                                 AI
243                                                 AI
244                            A1                   AI
245                                                 GM
246                                                 GM
247                                                 GM
248                                                 GM
249                                                 GM
250                                                 GM
251                                                 AI
252                                                 AI
253                                                 GM
254                            S1                   GM
255                                                 GM
256                                                 GM
257                                                 GM
258                                                 GM
259                                                 GM
260                            S3                   GM
261                                                 GM
262                            S1                   GM
263                            S4                   GM
264                            S1                   GM
265                                                 GM
266                            S2                   GM
267                            S1                   GM
268                                                 GM
269                                                 GM
270                                                 GM
271                                                 GM
272                                                 GM
273                                                 GM
274                            S2                   GM
275                                                 GM
276                            S1                   GM
277                                                 GM
278                            S2                   GM
279                                                 GM
280                            S1                   GM
281                                                 GM
282                                                 GM
283                                                 GM
284                            S3                   GM
285                            S1                   GM
286                            S4                   GM
287                                                 EY
288                                                 EY
289                                                 EY
290                                                 EY
291                            A1                   EY
292                                                 EY
293                                                 EY
294                                                 GM
295                                                 GM
296                                                 GM
297                                                 GM
298                                                 GM
299                            A1                   GM
300                            A1                   GM
301                                                 GM
302                                                 GM
303                                                 GM
304                                                 GM
305                                                 GM
306                                                 GM
307                                                 GM
308                                                 GM
309                                                 GM
310                                                 GM
311                                                 GM
312                                                 GM
313                                                 GM
314                                                 GM
315                                                 GM
316                                                 GM
317                                                 GM
318                                                 GM
319                                                 GM
320                                                 GM
321                                                 GM
322                                                 GM
323                                                 GM
324                                                 GM
325                                                 GM
326                                                 GM
327                                                 GM
328                                                 GM
329                                                 GM
330                                                 GM
331                                                 GM
332                                                 GM
333                                                 GM
334                                                 GM
335                                                 GM
336                                                 GM
337                                                 GM
338                                                 GM
339                                                 GM
340                            S1                   GM
341                                                 GM
342                                                 GM
343                                                 GM
344                                                 GM
345                                                 GM
346                                                 GM
347                                                 GM
348                                                 GM
349                                                 GM
350                                                 GM
351                                                 GM
352                                                 GM
353                                                 GM
354                                                 GM
355                                                 GM
356                                                 GM
357                                                 GM
358                                                 GM
359                                                 GM
360                                                 GM
361                                                 GM
362                                                 GM
363                                                 GM
364                                                 GM
365                                                 GM
366                                                 GM
367                                                 GM
368                                                 GM
369                                                 GM
370                                                 GM
371                                                 GM
372                            A1                   GM
373                                                 GM
374                                                 GM
375                                                 GM
376                                                 GM
377                                                 GM
378                                                 GM
379                                                 GM
380                                                 GM
381                                                 GM
382                                                 GM
383                                                 GM
384                                                 GM
385                                                 GM
386                                                 GM
387                                                 GM
388                                                 GM
389                                                 GM
390                            A1                   GM
391                            A1                   GM
392                                                 GM
393                                                 GM
394                                                 GM
395                                                 GM
396                                                 GM
    agency_ic_admin.abbreviation
1                          NIGMS
2                          NIGMS
3                          NIGMS
4                          NIGMS
5                          NIGMS
6                          NIGMS
7                          NIGMS
8                          NIGMS
9                          NIGMS
10                         NIGMS
11                         NIGMS
12                         NIGMS
13                         NIGMS
14                         NIGMS
15                         NIGMS
16                         NIGMS
17                         NIGMS
18                         NIGMS
19                         NHLBI
20                         NIGMS
21                         NIAID
22                         NIAID
23                         NIGMS
24                         NINDS
25                         NIGMS
26                         NIGMS
27                         NINDS
28                         NHLBI
29                         NIAID
30                         NIAID
31                            OD
32                         NIGMS
33                         NIGMS
34                         NIGMS
35                           NCI
36                         NIAMS
37                         NIBIB
38                         NIAID
39                         NIAID
40                         NIGMS
41                         NIGMS
42                          NIMH
43                          NIMH
44                           NEI
45                           NEI
46                           NCI
47                           NEI
48                           NEI
49                           NEI
50                           NEI
51                           NEI
52                         NINDS
53                         NINDS
54                         NINDS
55                         NINDS
56                           NIA
57                           NIA
58                           NIA
59                           NIA
60                           NIA
61                           NIA
62                           NIA
63                         NIGMS
64                         NIGMS
65                         NIGMS
66                         NIGMS
67                         NIGMS
68                         NIGMS
69                         NIGMS
70                           NEI
71                           NEI
72                           NEI
73                           NEI
74                           NEI
75                         NIAMS
76                          NIMH
77                          NIMH
78                          NIMH
79                          NIMH
80                          NIMH
81                          NIMH
82                         NINDS
83                         NINDS
84                         NIAID
85                         NIAID
86                           NIA
87                         NIBIB
88                         NICHD
89                         NICHD
90                         NICHD
91                         NICHD
92                         NICHD
93                         NIEHS
94                         NIEHS
95                         NIEHS
96                         NIEHS
97                           NEI
98                         NIAID
99                         NIAID
100                        NIAID
101                        NIAID
102                        NIBIB
103                        NIBIB
104                        NIAAA
105                        NIAAA
106                        NIAID
107                        NIAID
108                        NIAID
109                        NIAID
110                        NINDS
111                        NIGMS
112                        NIGMS
113                        NIGMS
114                          NEI
115                        NIGMS
116                          NEI
117                        NIGMS
118                        NIGMS
119                          NCI
120                          NCI
121                        NIGMS
122                        NIGMS
123                        NIGMS
124                        NIGMS
125                          NEI
126                          NEI
127                        NIAID
128                        NIGMS
129                        NIGMS
130                        NIGMS
131                        NIGMS
132                        NIGMS
133                        NINDS
134                          NEI
135                          NEI
136                        NIGMS
137                        NHGRI
138                        NHGRI
139                        NHGRI
140                        NIOSH
141                        NIOSH
142                        NIOSH
143                        NIGMS
144                        NIGMS
145                        NIGMS
146                        NIGMS
147                        NIGMS
148                        NIGMS
149                        NIGMS
150                        NIGMS
151                        NIGMS
152                        NIGMS
153                        NIGMS
154                        NIGMS
155                        NIGMS
156                        NIGMS
157                        NIGMS
158                        NIGMS
159                        NIGMS
160                        NIGMS
161                        NIGMS
162                        NIGMS
163                        NIGMS
164                        NIGMS
165                        NIGMS
166                        NIGMS
167                        NIGMS
168                        NIGMS
169                        NIGMS
170                        NIGMS
171                        NIGMS
172                        NIDCR
173                        NIDCR
174                        NIAID
175                        NIAID
176                        NIGMS
177                        NIGMS
178                        NIGMS
179                        NIGMS
180                        NIGMS
181                        NIGMS
182                        NIGMS
183                        NIGMS
184                        NIGMS
185                        NIGMS
186                        NIGMS
187                        NIGMS
188                        NIGMS
189                        NIGMS
190                        NIGMS
191                        NIGMS
192                        NIGMS
193                        NIGMS
194                        NIGMS
195                        NIGMS
196                        NIGMS
197                        NIGMS
198                        NIGMS
199                        NIGMS
200                        NIGMS
201                        NIGMS
202                        NIGMS
203                        NIGMS
204                        NIGMS
205                        NIGMS
206                        NIGMS
207                        NIGMS
208                        NIGMS
209                        NIGMS
210                        NIGMS
211                        NIGMS
212                        NIGMS
213                        NIGMS
214                        NIGMS
215                        NIGMS
216                        NIGMS
217                        NIGMS
218                        NIGMS
219                           OD
220                       SAMHSA
221                       SAMHSA
222                        NIGMS
223                          NIA
224                          NIA
225                          NIA
226                        NIGMS
227                        NIGMS
228                        NIGMS
229                        NIGMS
230                        NIGMS
231                        NIGMS
232                        NIGMS
233                        NIGMS
234                        NIGMS
235                          NEI
236                          NEI
237                        NIAID
238                        NIAID
239                        NIAID
240                        NIAID
241                        NIAID
242                        NIAID
243                        NIAID
244                        NIAID
245                        NIGMS
246                        NIGMS
247                        NIGMS
248                        NIGMS
249                        NIGMS
250                        NIGMS
251                        NIAID
252                        NIAID
253                        NIGMS
254                        NIGMS
255                        NIGMS
256                        NIGMS
257                        NIGMS
258                        NIGMS
259                        NIGMS
260                        NIGMS
261                        NIGMS
262                        NIGMS
263                        NIGMS
264                        NIGMS
265                        NIGMS
266                        NIGMS
267                        NIGMS
268                        NIGMS
269                        NIGMS
270                        NIGMS
271                        NIGMS
272                        NIGMS
273                        NIGMS
274                        NIGMS
275                        NIGMS
276                        NIGMS
277                        NIGMS
278                        NIGMS
279                        NIGMS
280                        NIGMS
281                        NIGMS
282                        NIGMS
283                        NIGMS
284                        NIGMS
285                        NIGMS
286                        NIGMS
287                          NEI
288                          NEI
289                          NEI
290                          NEI
291                          NEI
292                          NEI
293                          NEI
294                        NIGMS
295                        NIGMS
296                        NIGMS
297                        NIGMS
298                        NIGMS
299                        NIGMS
300                        NIGMS
301                        NIGMS
302                        NIGMS
303                        NIGMS
304                        NIGMS
305                        NIGMS
306                        NIGMS
307                        NIGMS
308                        NIGMS
309                        NIGMS
310                        NIGMS
311                        NIGMS
312                        NIGMS
313                        NIGMS
314                        NIGMS
315                        NIGMS
316                        NIGMS
317                        NIGMS
318                        NIGMS
319                        NIGMS
320                        NIGMS
321                        NIGMS
322                        NIGMS
323                        NIGMS
324                        NIGMS
325                        NIGMS
326                        NIGMS
327                        NIGMS
328                        NIGMS
329                        NIGMS
330                        NIGMS
331                        NIGMS
332                        NIGMS
333                        NIGMS
334                        NIGMS
335                        NIGMS
336                        NIGMS
337                        NIGMS
338                        NIGMS
339                        NIGMS
340                        NIGMS
341                        NIGMS
342                        NIGMS
343                        NIGMS
344                        NIGMS
345                        NIGMS
346                        NIGMS
347                        NIGMS
348                        NIGMS
349                        NIGMS
350                        NIGMS
351                        NIGMS
352                        NIGMS
353                        NIGMS
354                        NIGMS
355                        NIGMS
356                        NIGMS
357                        NIGMS
358                        NIGMS
359                        NIGMS
360                        NIGMS
361                        NIGMS
362                        NIGMS
363                        NIGMS
364                        NIGMS
365                        NIGMS
366                        NIGMS
367                        NIGMS
368                        NIGMS
369                        NIGMS
370                        NIGMS
371                        NIGMS
372                        NIGMS
373                        NIGMS
374                        NIGMS
375                        NIGMS
376                        NIGMS
377                        NIGMS
378                        NIGMS
379                        NIGMS
380                        NIGMS
381                        NIGMS
382                        NIGMS
383                        NIGMS
384                        NIGMS
385                        NIGMS
386                        NIGMS
387                        NIGMS
388                        NIGMS
389                        NIGMS
390                        NIGMS
391                        NIGMS
392                        NIGMS
393                        NIGMS
394                        NIGMS
395                        NIGMS
396                        NIGMS
                                                               agency_ic_admin.name
1                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
2                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
4                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
5                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
6                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
7                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
8                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
9                                    National Institute of General Medical Sciences
10                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
11                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
12                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
13                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
14                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
15                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
16                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
17                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
18                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
19                                          National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
20                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
21                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
22                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
23                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
24                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
25                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
26                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
27                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
28                                          National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
29                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
30                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
31                                                       NIH Office of the Director
32                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
33                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
34                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
35                                                        National Cancer Institute
36            National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
37                      National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
38                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
39                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
40                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
41                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
42                                              National Institute of Mental Health
43                                              National Institute of Mental Health
44                                                           National Eye Institute
45                                                           National Eye Institute
46                                                        National Cancer Institute
47                                                           National Eye Institute
48                                                           National Eye Institute
49                                                           National Eye Institute
50                                                           National Eye Institute
51                                                           National Eye Institute
52                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
53                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
54                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
55                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
56                                                      National Institute on Aging
57                                                      National Institute on Aging
58                                                      National Institute on Aging
59                                                      National Institute on Aging
60                                                      National Institute on Aging
61                                                      National Institute on Aging
62                                                      National Institute on Aging
63                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
64                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
65                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
66                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
67                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
68                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
69                                   National Institute of General Medical Sciences
70                                                           National Eye Institute
71                                                           National Eye Institute
72                                                           National Eye Institute
73                                                           National Eye Institute
74                                                           National Eye Institute
75            National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
76                                              National Institute of Mental Health
77                                              National Institute of Mental Health
78                                              National Institute of Mental Health
79                                              National Institute of Mental Health
80                                              National Institute of Mental Health
81                                              National Institute of Mental Health
82                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
83                          National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
84                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
85                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
86                                                      National Institute on Aging
87                      National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
88  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
89  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
90  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
91  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
92  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
93                              National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
94                              National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
95                              National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
96                              National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
97                                                           National Eye Institute
98                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
99                            National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
100                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
101                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
102                     National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
103                     National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
104                              National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
105                              National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
106                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
107                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
108                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
109                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
110                         National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
111                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
112                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
113                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
114                                                          National Eye Institute
115                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
116                                                          National Eye Institute
117                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
118                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
119                                                       National Cancer Institute
120                                                       National Cancer Institute
121                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
122                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
123                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
124                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
125                                                          National Eye Institute
126                                                          National Eye Institute
127                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
128                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
129                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
130                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
131                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
132                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
133                         National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
134                                                          National Eye Institute
135                                                          National Eye Institute
136                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
137                                        National Human Genome Research Institute
138                                        National Human Genome Research Institute
139                                        National Human Genome Research Institute
140                           National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
141                           National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
142                           National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
143                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
144                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
145                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
146                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
147                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
148                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
149                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
150                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
151                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
152                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
153                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
154                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
155                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
156                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
157                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
158                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
159                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
160                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
161                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
162                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
163                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
164                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
165                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
166                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
167                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
168                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
169                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
170                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
171                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
172                          National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
173                          National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
174                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
175                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
176                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
177                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
178                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
179                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
180                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
181                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
182                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
183                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
184                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
185                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
186                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
187                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
188                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
189                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
190                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
191                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
192                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
193                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
194                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
195                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
196                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
197                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
198                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
199                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
200                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
201                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
202                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
203                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
204                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
205                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
206                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
207                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
208                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
209                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
210                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
211                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
212                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
213                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
214                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
215                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
216                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
217                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
218                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
219                                                      NIH Office of the Director
220                       Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
221                       Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
222                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
223                                                     National Institute on Aging
224                                                     National Institute on Aging
225                                                     National Institute on Aging
226                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
227                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
228                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
229                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
230                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
231                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
232                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
233                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
234                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
235                                                          National Eye Institute
236                                                          National Eye Institute
237                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
238                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
239                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
240                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
241                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
242                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
243                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
244                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
245                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
246                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
247                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
248                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
249                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
250                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
251                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
252                           National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
253                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
254                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
255                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
256                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
257                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
258                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
259                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
260                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
261                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
262                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
263                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
264                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
265                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
266                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
267                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
268                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
269                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
270                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
271                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
272                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
273                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
274                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
275                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
276                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
277                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
278                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
279                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
280                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
281                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
282                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
283                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
284                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
285                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
286                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
287                                                          National Eye Institute
288                                                          National Eye Institute
289                                                          National Eye Institute
290                                                          National Eye Institute
291                                                          National Eye Institute
292                                                          National Eye Institute
293                                                          National Eye Institute
294                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
295                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
296                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
297                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
298                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
299                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
300                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
301                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
302                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
303                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
304                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
305                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
306                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
307                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
308                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
309                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
310                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
311                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
312                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
313                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
314                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
315                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
316                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
317                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
318                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
319                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
320                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
321                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
322                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
323                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
324                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
325                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
326                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
327                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
328                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
329                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
330                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
331                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
332                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
333                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
334                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
335                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
336                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
337                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
338                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
339                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
340                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
341                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
342                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
343                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
344                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
345                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
346                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
347                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
348                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
349                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
350                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
351                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
352                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
353                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
354                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
355                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
356                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
357                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
358                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
359                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
360                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
361                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
362                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
363                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
364                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
365                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
366                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
367                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
368                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
369                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
370                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
371                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
372                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
373                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
374                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
375                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
376                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
377                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
378                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
379                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
380                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
381                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
382                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
383                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
384                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
385                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
386                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
387                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
388                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
389                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
390                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
391                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
392                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
393                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
394                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
395                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
396                                  National Institute of General Medical Sciences
            organization_type.name organization_type.code
1         EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
2        Domestic Higher Education                     10
3        Domestic Higher Education                     10
4        Domestic Higher Education                     10
5        Domestic Higher Education                     10
6        Domestic Higher Education                     10
7        Domestic Higher Education                     10
8     SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
9     SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
10    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
11       Domestic Higher Education                     10
12       Domestic Higher Education                     10
13       Domestic Higher Education                     10
14   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
15       Domestic Higher Education                     10
16       Domestic Higher Education                     10
17       Domestic Higher Education                     10
18       Domestic Higher Education                     10
19    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
20       Domestic Higher Education                     10
21    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
22    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
23       Domestic Higher Education                     10
24    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
25    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
26    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
27            SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION                     10
28    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
29        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
30        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
31   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
32    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
33    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
34       Domestic Higher Education                     10
35    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
36   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
37   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
38    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
39    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
40    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
41    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
42   SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS                     10
43   SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS                     10
44    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
45    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
46    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
47    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
48    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
49    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
50    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
51    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
52        ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS                     10
53        ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS                     10
54        ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS                     10
55        ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS                     10
56   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
57   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
58   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
59   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
60   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
61   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
62   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
63    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
64    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
65    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
66    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
67    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
68    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
69    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
70    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
71    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
72    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
73    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
74    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
75   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
76  SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK                     10
77  SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK                     10
78  SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK                     10
79  SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK                     10
80  SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK                     10
81  SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK                     10
82   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
83   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
84    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
85    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
86   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
87   BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
88        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
89        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
90        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
91        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
92        EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
93   SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS                     10
94   SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS                     10
95   SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS                     10
96   SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS                     10
97    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
98    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
99    SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
100   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
101   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
102  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
103  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
104           SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION                     10
105           SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION                     10
106       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
107       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
108       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
109       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
110   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
111   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
112   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
113   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
114   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
115   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
116   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
117   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
118   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
119  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
120  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
121   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
122   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
123   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
124   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
125   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
126   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
127       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
128   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
129   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
130   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
131   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
132   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
133   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
134   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
135   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
136   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
137   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
138   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
139   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
140       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
141       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
142       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
143   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
144      Domestic Higher Education                     10
145      Domestic Higher Education                     10
146   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
147   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
148      Domestic Higher Education                     10
149      Domestic Higher Education                     10
150      Domestic Higher Education                     10
151   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
152      Domestic Higher Education                     10
153      Domestic Higher Education                     10
154   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
155      Domestic Higher Education                     10
156      Domestic Higher Education                     10
157   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
158      Domestic Higher Education                     10
159   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
160   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
161      Domestic Higher Education                     10
162   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
163      Domestic Higher Education                     10
164      Domestic Higher Education                     10
165      Domestic Higher Education                     10
166   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
167      Domestic Higher Education                     10
168      Domestic Higher Education                     10
169   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
170      Domestic Higher Education                     10
171      Domestic Higher Education                     10
172   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
173   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
174                UNIVERSITY-WIDE                     10
175                UNIVERSITY-WIDE                     10
176   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
177      Domestic Higher Education                     10
178   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
179      Domestic Higher Education                     10
180   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
181   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
182      Domestic Higher Education                     10
183      Domestic Higher Education                     10
184      Domestic Higher Education                     10
185      Domestic Higher Education                     10
186      Domestic Higher Education                     10
187      Domestic Higher Education                     10
188      Domestic Higher Education                     10
189      Domestic Higher Education                     10
190      Domestic Higher Education                     10
191   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
192   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
193   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
194      Domestic Higher Education                     10
195   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
196      Domestic Higher Education                     10
197   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
198      Domestic Higher Education                     10
199      Domestic Higher Education                     10
200      Domestic Higher Education                     10
201      Domestic Higher Education                     10
202   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
203      Domestic Higher Education                     10
204      Domestic Higher Education                     10
205   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
206      Domestic Higher Education                     10
207   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
208      Domestic Higher Education                     10
209      Domestic Higher Education                     10
210      Domestic Higher Education                     10
211      Domestic Higher Education                     10
212      Domestic Higher Education                     10
213   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
214      Domestic Higher Education                     10
215   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
216      Domestic Higher Education                     10
217      Domestic Higher Education                     10
218   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
219   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
220      Domestic Higher Education                     10
221      Domestic Higher Education                     10
222   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
223   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
224   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
225   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
226   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
227   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
228   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
229   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
230   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
231   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
232  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
233  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
234  BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA                     10
235   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
236   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
237   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
238   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
239   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
240   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
241   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
242   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
243   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
244   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
245   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
246   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
247   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
248   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
249   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
250   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
251       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
252       EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES                     10
253   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
254   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
255   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
256   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
257   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
258      Domestic Higher Education                     10
259      Domestic Higher Education                     10
260   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
261   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
262      Domestic Higher Education                     10
263   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
264   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
265      Domestic Higher Education                     10
266   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
267   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
268   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
269      Domestic Higher Education                     10
270      Domestic Higher Education                     10
271   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
272      Domestic Higher Education                     10
273      Domestic Higher Education                     10
274   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
275   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
276   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
277      Domestic Higher Education                     10
278   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
279      Domestic Higher Education                     10
280      Domestic Higher Education                     10
281   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
282   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
283   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
284   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
285   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
286      Domestic Higher Education                     10
287   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
288   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
289   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
290   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
291   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
292   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
293   SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES                     10
294      Domestic Higher Education                     10
295      Domestic Higher Education                     10
296      Domestic Higher Education                     10
297      Domestic Higher Education                     10
298      Domestic Higher Education                     10
299      Domestic Higher Education                     10
300      Domestic Higher Education                     10
301      Domestic Higher Education                     10
302      Domestic Higher Education                     10
303      Domestic Higher Education                     10
304      Domestic Higher Education                     10
305      Domestic Higher Education                     10
306      Domestic Higher Education                     10
307      Domestic Higher Education                     10
308      Domestic Higher Education                     10
309      Domestic Higher Education                     10
310      Domestic Higher Education                     10
311      Domestic Higher Education                     10
312      Domestic Higher Education                     10
313      Domestic Higher Education                     10
314      Domestic Higher Education                     10
315      Domestic Higher Education                     10
316      Domestic Higher Education                     10
317      Domestic Higher Education                     10
318      Domestic Higher Education                     10
319      Domestic Higher Education                     10
320      Domestic Higher Education                     10
321      Domestic Higher Education                     10
322      Domestic Higher Education                     10
323      Domestic Higher Education                     10
324      Domestic Higher Education                     10
325      Domestic Higher Education                     10
326      Domestic Higher Education                     10
327      Domestic Higher Education                     10
328      Domestic Higher Education                     10
329      Domestic Higher Education                     10
330      Domestic Higher Education                     10
331      Domestic Higher Education                     10
332      Domestic Higher Education                     10
333      Domestic Higher Education                     10
334      Domestic Higher Education                     10
335      Domestic Higher Education                     10
336      Domestic Higher Education                     10
337      Domestic Higher Education                     10
338      Domestic Higher Education                     10
339      Domestic Higher Education                     10
340      Domestic Higher Education                     10
341      Domestic Higher Education                     10
342      Domestic Higher Education                     10
343      Domestic Higher Education                     10
344      Domestic Higher Education                     10
345      Domestic Higher Education                     10
346      Domestic Higher Education                     10
347      Domestic Higher Education                     10
348      Domestic Higher Education                     10
349      Domestic Higher Education                     10
350      Domestic Higher Education                     10
351      Domestic Higher Education                     10
352      Domestic Higher Education                     10
353      Domestic Higher Education                     10
354      Domestic Higher Education                     10
355      Domestic Higher Education                     10
356      Domestic Higher Education                     10
357      Domestic Higher Education                     10
358      Domestic Higher Education                     10
359      Domestic Higher Education                     10
360      Domestic Higher Education                     10
361      Domestic Higher Education                     10
362      Domestic Higher Education                     10
363      Domestic Higher Education                     10
364      Domestic Higher Education                     10
365      Domestic Higher Education                     10
366      Domestic Higher Education                     10
367      Domestic Higher Education                     10
368      Domestic Higher Education                     10
369      Domestic Higher Education                     10
370      Domestic Higher Education                     10
371      Domestic Higher Education                     10
372      Domestic Higher Education                     10
373      Domestic Higher Education                     10
374      Domestic Higher Education                     10
375      Domestic Higher Education                     10
376      Domestic Higher Education                     10
377      Domestic Higher Education                     10
378      Domestic Higher Education                     10
379      Domestic Higher Education                     10
380      Domestic Higher Education                     10
381      Domestic Higher Education                     10
382      Domestic Higher Education                     10
383      Domestic Higher Education                     10
384      Domestic Higher Education                     10
385      Domestic Higher Education                     10
386      Domestic Higher Education                     10
387      Domestic Higher Education                     10
388      Domestic Higher Education                     10
389      Domestic Higher Education                     10
390      Domestic Higher Education                     10
391      Domestic Higher Education                     10
392      Domestic Higher Education                     10
393      Domestic Higher Education                     10
394      Domestic Higher Education                     10
395      Domestic Higher Education                     10
396      Domestic Higher Education                     10
    organization_type.is_other full_study_section.srg_code
1                        FALSE                        ZGM1
2                         TRUE                        ZGM1
3                         TRUE                        ZGM1
4                         TRUE                        ZGM1
5                         TRUE                        ZGM1
6                         TRUE                        ZGM1
7                         TRUE                        ZGM1
8                        FALSE                        ZGM1
9                        FALSE                         TWD
10                       FALSE                        ZRG1
11                        TRUE                        ZGM1
12                        TRUE                        ZGM1
13                        TRUE                        ZGM1
14                       FALSE                        ZGM1
15                        TRUE                        ZGM1
16                        TRUE                        ZGM1
17                        TRUE                        ZGM1
18                        TRUE                        ZGM1
19                       FALSE                        ZRG1
20                        TRUE                        ZGM1
21                       FALSE                        MSFB
22                       FALSE                        MSFB
23                        TRUE                        ZGM1
24                       FALSE                        ZRG1
25                       FALSE                        MSFA
26                       FALSE                        <NA>
27                       FALSE                        NDPR
28                       FALSE                        BBHV
29                       FALSE                          VB
30                       FALSE                          VB
31                       FALSE                        ZRG1
32                       FALSE                         TWD
33                       FALSE                         TWD
34                        TRUE                        ZGM1
35                       FALSE                        ZRG1
36                       FALSE                            
37                       FALSE                        ZRG1
38                       FALSE                        ZRG1
39                       FALSE                        ZRG1
40                       FALSE                        MSFC
41                       FALSE                        <NA>
42                       FALSE                        DIRH
43                       FALSE                        DIRH
44                       FALSE                        DEV1
45                       FALSE                        DEV1
46                       FALSE                        ZRG1
47                       FALSE                        DEV1
48                       FALSE                        ZRG1
49                       FALSE                        ZRG1
50                       FALSE                        ZRG1
51                       FALSE                        DEV1
52                       FALSE                        ZRG1
53                       FALSE                        ZRG1
54                       FALSE                        ZRG1
55                       FALSE                        ZRG1
56                       FALSE                         ICI
57                       FALSE                         ICI
58                       FALSE                         ICI
59                       FALSE                         ICI
60                       FALSE                         ICI
61                       FALSE                        <NA>
62                       FALSE                         ICI
63                       FALSE                        MIST
64                       FALSE                        MBPP
65                       FALSE                        MBPP
66                       FALSE                        MBPP
67                       FALSE                        MBPP
68                       FALSE                        MBPP
69                       FALSE                        MBPP
70                       FALSE                         BVS
71                       FALSE                         BVS
72                       FALSE                         BVS
73                       FALSE                         BVS
74                       FALSE                         BVS
75                       FALSE                        ZRG1
76                       FALSE                        DIRH
77                       FALSE                        DIRH
78                       FALSE                        <NA>
79                       FALSE                        DIRH
80                       FALSE                        DIRH
81                       FALSE                        DIRH
82                       FALSE                        NOIT
83                       FALSE                        NOIT
84                       FALSE                        ZRG1
85                       FALSE                        ZRG1
86                       FALSE                        ZRG1
87                       FALSE                        ZRG1
88                       FALSE                        ZRG1
89                       FALSE                        ZRG1
90                       FALSE                        ZRG1
91                       FALSE                        ZRG1
92                       FALSE                        ZRG1
93                       FALSE                            
94                       FALSE                        ZES1
95                       FALSE                        ZES1
96                       FALSE                        ZES1
97                       FALSE                        <NA>
98                       FALSE                        VIRB
99                       FALSE                        VIRB
100                      FALSE                        VIRB
101                      FALSE                        VIRB
102                      FALSE                         MTE
103                      FALSE                         MTE
104                      FALSE                          AA
105                      FALSE                          AA
106                      FALSE                        ZRG1
107                      FALSE                        ZRG1
108                      FALSE                        ZRG1
109                      FALSE                        ZRG1
110                      FALSE                            
111                      FALSE                         TWD
112                      FALSE                         TWD
113                      FALSE                         TWD
114                      FALSE                        NDPR
115                      FALSE                         TWD
116                      FALSE                        NDPR
117                      FALSE                         TWD
118                      FALSE                         TWD
119                      FALSE                        ZCA1
120                      FALSE                        ZCA1
121                      FALSE                        ZRG1
122                      FALSE                            
123                      FALSE                        ZRG1
124                      FALSE                        ZRG1
125                      FALSE                        ZRG1
126                      FALSE                        ZRG1
127                      FALSE                        ZRG1
128                      FALSE                        ZGM1
129                      FALSE                        ZGM1
130                      FALSE                        ZGM1
131                      FALSE                        ZGM1
132                      FALSE                        MABS
133                      FALSE                        ZRG1
134                      FALSE                        ZRG1
135                      FALSE                        ZRG1
136                      FALSE                        MSFA
137                      FALSE                         NSS
138                      FALSE                         NSS
139                      FALSE                         NSS
140                      FALSE                        ZOH1
141                      FALSE                        ZOH1
142                      FALSE                        ZOH1
143                      FALSE                        ZGM1
144                       TRUE                        ZGM1
145                       TRUE                        ZGM1
146                      FALSE                        ZGM1
147                      FALSE                        ZGM1
148                       TRUE                        ZGM1
149                       TRUE                        ZGM1
150                       TRUE                        ZGM1
151                      FALSE                        ZGM1
152                       TRUE                        ZGM1
153                       TRUE                        ZGM1
154                      FALSE                        ZGM1
155                       TRUE                        ZGM1
156                       TRUE                        ZGM1
157                      FALSE                        ZGM1
158                       TRUE                        ZGM1
159                      FALSE                        ZGM1
160                      FALSE                        ZGM1
161                       TRUE                        ZGM1
162                      FALSE                        ZGM1
163                       TRUE                        ZGM1
164                       TRUE                        ZGM1
165                       TRUE                        ZGM1
166                      FALSE                        ZGM1
167                       TRUE                        ZGM1
168                       TRUE                        ZGM1
169                      FALSE                        ZGM1
170                       TRUE                        ZGM1
171                       TRUE                        ZGM1
172                      FALSE                        ODCS
173                      FALSE                        ODCS
174                       TRUE                        ZRG1
175                       TRUE                        ZRG1
176                      FALSE                        ZGM1
177                       TRUE                        ZGM1
178                      FALSE                        ZGM1
179                       TRUE                        ZGM1
180                      FALSE                        ZGM1
181                      FALSE                        ZGM1
182                       TRUE                        ZGM1
183                       TRUE                        ZGM1
184                       TRUE                        ZGM1
185                       TRUE                        ZGM1
186                       TRUE                        ZGM1
187                       TRUE                        ZGM1
188                       TRUE                        ZGM1
189                       TRUE                        ZGM1
190                       TRUE                        ZGM1
191                      FALSE                        ZGM1
192                      FALSE                        ZGM1
193                      FALSE                        ZGM1
194                       TRUE                        ZGM1
195                      FALSE                        ZGM1
196                       TRUE                        ZGM1
197                      FALSE                        ZGM1
198                       TRUE                        ZGM1
199                       TRUE                        ZGM1
200                       TRUE                        ZGM1
201                       TRUE                        ZGM1
202                      FALSE                        ZGM1
203                       TRUE                        ZGM1
204                       TRUE                        ZGM1
205                      FALSE                        ZGM1
206                       TRUE                        ZGM1
207                      FALSE                        ZGM1
208                       TRUE                        ZGM1
209                       TRUE                        ZGM1
210                       TRUE                        ZGM1
211                       TRUE                        ZGM1
212                       TRUE                        ZGM1
213                      FALSE                        ZGM1
214                       TRUE                        ZGM1
215                      FALSE                        ZGM1
216                       TRUE                        ZGM1
217                       TRUE                        ZGM1
218                      FALSE                        ZGM1
219                      FALSE                        ZRG1
220                       TRUE                        ZOA1
221                       TRUE                        ZOA1
222                      FALSE                        SBCA
223                      FALSE                        ZRG1
224                      FALSE                        ZRG1
225                      FALSE                        ZRG1
226                      FALSE                        ZRR1
227                      FALSE                        ZRR1
228                      FALSE                        ZRR1
229                      FALSE                        ZRR1
230                      FALSE                        ZRR1
231                      FALSE                        ZRG1
232                      FALSE                        NANO
233                      FALSE                        NANO
234                      FALSE                        NANO
235                      FALSE                        BDPE
236                      FALSE                        BDPE
237                      FALSE                         GVE
238                      FALSE                         GVE
239                      FALSE                         GVE
240                      FALSE                         GVE
241                      FALSE                         GVE
242                      FALSE                         GVE
243                      FALSE                         GVE
244                      FALSE                         GVE
245                      FALSE                         GVE
246                      FALSE                         GVE
247                      FALSE                         GVE
248                      FALSE                         GVE
249                      FALSE                         GVE
250                      FALSE                         GVE
251                      FALSE                        VIRB
252                      FALSE                        VIRB
253                      FALSE                        ZGM1
254                      FALSE                        ZGM1
255                      FALSE                        ZRR1
256                      FALSE                        ZGM1
257                      FALSE                        ZGM1
258                       TRUE                        ZGM1
259                       TRUE                        ZGM1
260                      FALSE                        ZGM1
261                      FALSE                        ZGM1
262                       TRUE                        ZGM1
263                      FALSE                            
264                      FALSE                        ZGM1
265                       TRUE                        ZGM1
266                      FALSE                        ZGM1
267                      FALSE                        ZGM1
268                      FALSE                        ZGM1
269                       TRUE                        ZGM1
270                       TRUE                        ZGM1
271                      FALSE                        ZGM1
272                       TRUE                        ZGM1
273                       TRUE                        ZGM1
274                      FALSE                            
275                      FALSE                        ZGM1
276                      FALSE                        ZGM1
277                       TRUE                        ZGM1
278                      FALSE                        ZGM1
279                       TRUE                        ZGM1
280                       TRUE                        ZGM1
281                      FALSE                        ZGM1
282                      FALSE                        ZGM1
283                      FALSE                        ZGM1
284                      FALSE                        ZGM1
285                      FALSE                        ZGM1
286                       TRUE                        <NA>
287                      FALSE                        BDPE
288                      FALSE                        DEV1
289                      FALSE                        DEV1
290                      FALSE                        DEV1
291                      FALSE                        ZRG1
292                      FALSE                        DEV1
293                      FALSE                        DEV1
294                       TRUE                        ZRR1
295                       TRUE                        ZRR1
296                       TRUE                        ZRR1
297                       TRUE                        ZRR1
298                       TRUE                        ZGM1
299                       TRUE                        ZGM1
300                       TRUE                        ZGM1
301                       TRUE                        ZGM1
302                       TRUE                        ZGM1
303                       TRUE                        ZGM1
304                       TRUE                        ZGM1
305                       TRUE                        ZGM1
306                       TRUE                        ZGM1
307                       TRUE                        ZGM1
308                       TRUE                        ZGM1
309                       TRUE                        ZGM1
310                       TRUE                        ZGM1
311                       TRUE                        ZGM1
312                       TRUE                        ZRR1
313                       TRUE                        ZRR1
314                       TRUE                        ZGM1
315                       TRUE                        ZGM1
316                       TRUE                        ZRR1
317                       TRUE                        ZRR1
318                       TRUE                        ZGM1
319                       TRUE                        ZGM1
320                       TRUE                        ZGM1
321                       TRUE                        ZGM1
322                       TRUE                        ZGM1
323                       TRUE                        ZGM1
324                       TRUE                        ZGM1
325                       TRUE                        ZGM1
326                       TRUE                        ZRR1
327                       TRUE                        ZGM1
328                       TRUE                        ZGM1
329                       TRUE                        ZGM1
330                       TRUE                        ZGM1
331                       TRUE                        ZGM1
332                       TRUE                        ZGM1
333                       TRUE                        ZGM1
334                       TRUE                        ZGM1
335                       TRUE                        ZRR1
336                       TRUE                        ZGM1
337                       TRUE                        ZGM1
338                       TRUE                        ZGM1
339                       TRUE                        ZGM1
340                       TRUE                        ZGM1
341                       TRUE                        ZGM1
342                       TRUE                        ZRR1
343                       TRUE                        ZGM1
344                       TRUE                        ZGM1
345                       TRUE                        ZGM1
346                       TRUE                        ZGM1
347                       TRUE                        ZGM1
348                       TRUE                        ZGM1
349                       TRUE                        ZGM1
350                       TRUE                        ZGM1
351                       TRUE                        ZGM1
352                       TRUE                        ZGM1
353                       TRUE                        ZGM1
354                       TRUE                        ZGM1
355                       TRUE                        ZGM1
356                       TRUE                        ZGM1
357                       TRUE                        ZGM1
358                       TRUE                        ZGM1
359                       TRUE                        ZGM1
360                       TRUE                        ZGM1
361                       TRUE                        ZGM1
362                       TRUE                        ZGM1
363                       TRUE                        ZGM1
364                       TRUE                        ZGM1
365                       TRUE                        ZGM1
366                       TRUE                        ZGM1
367                       TRUE                        ZGM1
368                       TRUE                        ZGM1
369                       TRUE                        ZRR1
370                       TRUE                        ZGM1
371                       TRUE                        ZGM1
372                       TRUE                        ZGM1
373                       TRUE                        ZGM1
374                       TRUE                        ZGM1
375                       TRUE                        ZGM1
376                       TRUE                        ZGM1
377                       TRUE                        ZGM1
378                       TRUE                        ZRR1
379                       TRUE                        ZGM1
380                       TRUE                        ZGM1
381                       TRUE                        ZRR1
382                       TRUE                        ZGM1
383                       TRUE                        ZGM1
384                       TRUE                        ZGM1
385                       TRUE                        ZGM1
386                       TRUE                        ZGM1
387                       TRUE                        ZGM1
388                       TRUE                        ZGM1
389                       TRUE                        ZGM1
390                       TRUE                        ZGM1
391                       TRUE                        ZGM1
392                       TRUE                        ZGM1
393                       TRUE                        ZGM1
394                       TRUE                        ZGM1
395                       TRUE                        ZGM1
396                       TRUE                        ZRR1
    full_study_section.srg_flex full_study_section.sra_designator_code
1                                                                  RCB
2                                                                  RCB
3                                                                  RCB
4                                                                  RCB
5                                                                  RCB
6                                                                  RCB
7                                                                  RCB
8                                                                 BBCB
9                             C                                       
10                                                                  CB
11                                                                 RCB
12                                                                 RCB
13                                                                 RCB
14                                                                 RCB
15                                                                 RCB
16                                                                 RCB
17                                                                 RCB
18                                                                 RCB
19                                                                  CB
20                                                                 RCB
21                                                                    
22                                                                    
23                                                                 RCB
24                                                                MDCN
25                                                                    
26                         <NA>                                   <NA>
27                                                                    
28                                                                    
29                                                                    
30                                                                    
31                                                                  CB
32                                                                    
33                            D                                       
34                                                                 RCB
35                                                                 OTC
36                                                                    
37                                                                 BST
38                                                                IDIA
39                                                                IDIA
40                                                                    
41                         <NA>                                   <NA>
42                                                                    
43                                                                    
44                                                                    
45                                                                    
46                                                                 OBT
47                                                                    
48                                                                 F05
49                                                                 F05
50                                                                 F05
51                                                                    
52                                                                BDCN
53                                                                BDCN
54                                                                BDCN
55                                                                BDCN
56                                                                    
57                                                                    
58                                                                    
59                                                                    
60                                                                    
61                         <NA>                                   <NA>
62                                                                    
63                                                                    
64                                                                    
65                                                                    
66                                                                    
67                                                                    
68                                                                    
69                                                                    
70                                                                    
71                                                                    
72                                                                    
73                                                                    
74                                                                    
75                                                                MOSS
76                                                                    
77                                                                    
78                         <NA>                                   <NA>
79                                                                    
80                                                                    
81                                                                    
82                                                                    
83                                                                    
84                                                                 IDM
85                                                                 IDM
86                                                                MOSS
87                                                                SBIB
88                                                                 IDM
89                                                                 IDM
90                                                                 IDM
91                                                                 IDM
92                                                                 IDM
93                                                                    
94                                                                 LAT
95                                                                 LAT
96                                                                 LAT
97                         <NA>                                   <NA>
98                                                                    
99                                                                    
100                                                                   
101                                                                   
102                                                                   
103                                                                   
104                                                                   
105                           2                                       
106                                                                IDM
107                                                                IDM
108                                                                IDM
109                                                                IDM
110                                                                   
111                                                                   
112                           D                                       
113                                                                   
114                                                                   
115                                                                   
116                                                                   
117                                                                   
118                                                                   
119                                                                SRB
120                                                                SRB
121                                                                IDM
122                                                                   
123                                                                GGG
124                                                                GGG
125                                                                 CB
126                                                                 CB
127                                                                IDM
128                                                               BBCB
129                                                               BBCB
130                                                               BBCB
131                                                               BBCB
132                                                                   
133                                                               MDCN
134                                                                 CB
135                                                                 CB
136                                                                   
137                                                                   
138                                                                   
139                                                                   
140                                                                NXT
141                                                                NXT
142                                                                NXT
143                                                                TWD
144                                                                TWD
145                                                                TWD
146                                                                RCB
147                                                                TWD
148                                                                RCB
149                                                                RCB
150                                                                RCB
151                                                                RCB
152                                                                RCB
153                                                                RCB
154                                                                RCB
155                                                                RCB
156                                                                RCB
157                                                                TWD
158                                                                TWD
159                                                                TWD
160                                                                TWD
161                                                                RCB
162                                                                   
163                                                                RCB
164                                                                RCB
165                                                                TWD
166                                                                RCB
167                                                                TWD
168                                                                RCB
169                                                                   
170                                                                RCB
171                                                                RCB
172                                                                   
173                                                                   
174                                                                IDM
175                                                                IDM
176                                                                TWD
177                                                                TWD
178                                                                RCB
179                                                                RCB
180                                                                TWD
181                                                                TWD
182                                                                RCB
183                                                                RCB
184                                                                RCB
185                                                                RCB
186                                                                RCB
187                                                                TWD
188                                                                TWD
189                                                                TWD
190                                                                TWD
191                                                                TWD
192                                                                TWD
193                                                                TWD
194                                                                RCB
195                                                                RCB
196                                                                RCB
197                                                                   
198                                                                RCB
199                                                                   
200                                                                TWD
201                                                                RCB
202                                                                RCB
203                                                                RCB
204                                                                RCB
205                                                                   
206                                                                RCB
207                                                                   
208                                                                TWD
209                                                                RCB
210                                                                RCB
211                                                                RCB
212                                                                RCB
213                                                                RCB
214                                                                RCB
215                                                                RCB
216                                                                RCB
217                                                                RCB
218                                                                   
219                                                                 CB
220                                                                MHS
221                                                                MHS
222                                                                   
223                                                               MDCN
224                                                               MDCN
225                                                               MDCN
226                                                                 RI
227                                                                 RI
228                                                                 RI
229                                                                 RI
230                                                                 RI
231                                                                 CB
232                                                                   
233                                                                   
234                                                                   
235                                                                   
236                                                                   
237                                                                   
238                                                                   
239                                                                   
240                                                                   
241                                                                   
242                                                                   
243                                                                   
244                                                                   
245                                                                   
246                                                                   
247                                                                   
248                                                                   
249                                                                   
250                                                                   
251                                                                   
252                                                                   
253                                                                RCB
254                                                                RCB
255                                                                 RI
256                                                                TWD
257                                                                RCB
258                                                                RCB
259                                                                RCB
260                                                                   
261                                                                RCB
262                                                                   
263                                                                   
264                                                                RCB
265                                                                RCB
266                                                                   
267                                                                   
268                                                                RCB
269                                                                RCB
270                                                                RCB
271                                                                TWD
272                                                                RCB
273                                                                RCB
274                                                                   
275                                                                TWD
276                                                                TWD
277                                                                RCB
278                                                                   
279                                                                RCB
280                                                                RCB
281                                                                RCB
282                                                                TWD
283                                                                TWD
284                                                                   
285                                                                   
286                        <NA>                                   <NA>
287                                                                   
288                                                                   
289                                                                   
290                                                                   
291                                                                 CB
292                                                                   
293                                                                   
294                                                                 RI
295                                                                 RI
296                                                                 RI
297                                                                 RI
298                                                                TWD
299                                                                RCB
300                                                                RCB
301                                                                TWD
302                                                                TWD
303                                                                TWD
304                                                                TWD
305                                                                TWD
306                                                                TWD
307                                                                TWD
308                                                                TWD
309                                                                TWD
310                                                                TWD
311                                                                TWD
312                                                                 RI
313                                                                 RI
314                                                                TWD
315                                                                TWD
316                                                                 RI
317                                                                 RI
318                                                                TWD
319                                                                RCB
320                                                                RCB
321                                                                TWD
322                                                                TWD
323                                                                RCB
324                                                                RCB
325                                                                RCB
326                                                                 RI
327                                                                TWD
328                                                                TWD
329                                                                TWD
330                                                                TWD
331                                                                TWD
332                                                                TWD
333                                                                TWD
334                                                                TWD
335                                                                 RI
336                                                                TWD
337                                                                TWD
338                                                                TWD
339                                                                TWD
340                                                                TWD
341                                                                RCB
342                                                                 RI
343                                                                TWD
344                                                                TWD
345                                                                TWD
346                                                                RCB
347                                                                TWD
348                                                                TWD
349                                                                TWD
350                                                                TWD
351                                                                TWD
352                                                                RCB
353                                                                RCB
354                                                                RCB
355                                                                TWD
356                                                                TWD
357                                                                TWD
358                                                                TWD
359                                                                TWD
360                                                                TWD
361                                                                TWD
362                                                                TWD
363                                                                TWD
364                                                                TWD
365                                                                TWD
366                                                                TWD
367                                                                TWD
368                                                                TWD
369                                                                 RI
370                                                                TWD
371                                                                RCB
372                                                                RCB
373                                                                TWD
374                                                                TWD
375                                                                TWD
376                                                                TWD
377                                                                TWD
378                                                                 RI
379                                                                TWD
380                                                                TWD
381                                                                 RI
382                                                                TWD
383                                                                TWD
384                                                                TWD
385                                                                TWD
386                                                                TWD
387                                                                TWD
388                                                                TWD
389                                                                TWD
390                                                                RCB
391                                                                RCB
392                                                                RCB
393                                                                RCB
394                                                                RCB
395                                                                TWD
396                                                                 RI
    full_study_section.sra_flex_code full_study_section.group_code
1                                  9                            C1
2                                  9                            C1
3                                  9                            C1
4                                  9                            C1
5                                  9                            C1
6                                  9                            C1
7                                  9                            C1
8                                  U                            BM
9                                                                 
10                                 H                            55
11                                 9                            C1
12                                 9                            C1
13                                 9                            C1
14                                 9                            C1
15                                 9                            C1
16                                 9                            C1
17                                 9                            C1
18                                 3                            C2
19                                 H                            80
20                                 3                            C2
21                                                                
22                                                                
23                                 3                            C2
24                                 R                            86
25                                                                
26                              <NA>                          <NA>
27                                                                
28                                                                
29                                                                
30                                                                
31                                 B                            30
32                                                                
33                                                                
34                                 3                            C2
35                                 A                            80
36                                                              82
37                                 U                            50
38                                 B                            81
39                                 B                            81
40                                                                
41                              <NA>                          <NA>
42                                                                
43                                                                
44                                                                
45                                                                
46                                 Q                            81
47                                                                
48                                 U                            20
49                                 U                            20
50                                 U                            20
51                                                                
52                                 E                            02
53                                 E                            02
54                                 E                            02
55                                 E                            02
56                                                                
57                                                                
58                                                                
59                                                                
60                                                                
61                              <NA>                          <NA>
62                                                                
63                                                                
64                                                                
65                                                                
66                                                                
67                                                                
68                                                                
69                                                                
70                                                                
71                                                                
72                                                                
73                                                                
74                                                                
75                                 D                            82
76                                                                
77                                                                
78                              <NA>                          <NA>
79                                                                
80                                                                
81                                                                
82                                                                
83                                                                
84                                 B                            80
85                                 B                            80
86                                 D                            82
87                                 G                            83
88                                 N                            50
89                                 N                            50
90                                 N                            50
91                                 N                            50
92                                 N                            50
93                                                              K2
94                                 D                            K2
95                                 D                            K2
96                                 D                            K2
97                              <NA>                          <NA>
98                                                                
99                                                                
100                                                               
101                                                               
102                                                               
103                                                               
104                                                               
105                                                               
106                                M                            02
107                                M                            02
108                                M                            02
109                                M                            02
110                                                             86
111                                                               
112                                                               
113                                                               
114                                                               
115                                                               
116                                                               
117                                                               
118                                                               
119                                8                            J1
120                                8                            J1
121                                S                            81
122                                                             81
123                                M                            81
124                                F                            80
125                                G                            02
126                                G                            02
127                                P                            02
128                                5                            BM
129                                5                            BM
130                                5                            BM
131                                5                            BM
132                                                               
133                                R                            86
134                                G                            02
135                                G                            02
136                                                               
137                                                               
138                                                               
139                                                               
140                                                             50
141                                                             50
142                                                             50
143                                A                            C1
144                                A                            C1
145                                A                            C1
146                                3                            C2
147                                A                            C1
148                                3                              
149                                3                              
150                                3                              
151                                3                            C2
152                                3                              
153                                3                              
154                                3                            C2
155                                3                              
156                                3                              
157                                A                            C1
158                                A                            C1
159                                A                            C1
160                                A                            C1
161                                3                              
162                                                             C2
163                                3                              
164                                3                              
165                                A                            C1
166                                3                            C2
167                                A                            C1
168                                3                              
169                                                             C2
170                                3                              
171                                3                              
172                                                               
173                                                               
174                                B                            80
175                                B                            80
176                                A                            C1
177                                A                            C1
178                                3                            C2
179                                3                              
180                                A                            C1
181                                A                            C1
182                                3                              
183                                3                              
184                                3                              
185                                3                              
186                                3                              
187                                A                            C1
188                                A                            C1
189                                A                            C1
190                                A                            C1
191                                A                            C1
192                                A                            C1
193                                A                            C1
194                                3                              
195                                3                            C2
196                                3                              
197                                                             C2
198                                3                              
199                                                               
200                                A                            C1
201                                3                              
202                                3                            C2
203                                3                              
204                                3                              
205                                                             C2
206                                3                              
207                                                             C2
208                                A                            C1
209                                3                              
210                                3                              
211                                3                              
212                                3                              
213                                3                            C2
214                                3                              
215                                3                            C2
216                                3                              
217                                3                              
218                                                             C2
219                                P                            30
220                                A                            A1
221                                A                            A1
222                                                               
223                                R                            86
224                                A                            96
225                                R                            86
226                                B                            01
227                                B                            01
228                                B                            01
229                                B                            01
230                                B                            01
231                                T                            81
232                                                               
233                                                               
234                                                               
235                                                               
236                                                               
237                                                               
238                                                               
239                                                               
240                                                               
241                                                               
242                                                               
243                                                               
244                                                               
245                                                               
246                                                               
247                                                               
248                                                               
249                                                               
250                                                               
251                                                               
252                                                               
253                                2                            IN
254                                2                            IN
255                                4                            01
256                                3                            IN
257                                2                            IN
258                                2                              
259                                2                              
260                                                             IN
261                                2                            IN
262                                                               
263                                                             IN
264                                2                            IN
265                                2                              
266                                                             IN
267                                                             IN
268                                2                            IN
269                                2                              
270                                2                              
271                                3                            IN
272                                2                              
273                                2                              
274                                                             IN
275                                3                            IN
276                                3                            IN
277                                2                              
278                                                             IN
279                                2                              
280                                2                              
281                                2                            IN
282                                3                            IN
283                                3                            IN
284                                                             IN
285                                                             IN
286                             <NA>                          <NA>
287                                                               
288                                                               
289                                                               
290                                                               
291                                F                            02
292                                                               
293                                                               
294                                B                              
295                                B                            01
296                                B                              
297                                B                              
298                                3                              
299                                3                            C2
300                                3                            C2
301                                3                              
302                                A                              
303                                3                              
304                                A                              
305                                A                              
306                                A                              
307                                A                              
308                                A                              
309                                A                              
310                                A                              
311                                A                              
312                                B                              
313                                B                              
314                                A                              
315                                A                              
316                                B                              
317                                B                              
318                                A                              
319                                2                            IN
320                                2                            IN
321                                3                              
322                                A                              
323                                3                            C2
324                                3                            C2
325                                3                            C2
326                                B                            01
327                                3                            IN
328                                A                              
329                                A                              
330                                A                              
331                                A                              
332                                A                              
333                                A                              
334                                A                              
335                                B                              
336                                A                              
337                                3                              
338                                A                              
339                                A                              
340                                A                            C1
341                                2                            IN
342                                B                              
343                                3                              
344                                3                              
345                                A                              
346                                2                              
347                                A                              
348                                A                              
349                                A                              
350                                A                              
351                                A                              
352                                2                            IN
353                                2                              
354                                2                              
355                                A                              
356                                A                              
357                                3                              
358                                A                              
359                                A                              
360                                A                              
361                                A                              
362                                A                              
363                                A                              
364                                A                              
365                                A                              
366                                3                            IN
367                                3                            IN
368                                3                            IN
369                                B                              
370                                3                              
371                                3                            C2
372                                3                            C2
373                                3                              
374                                3                              
375                                3                              
376                                A                              
377                                A                              
378                                B                              
379                                3                              
380                                3                              
381                                B                            01
382                                A                              
383                                A                              
384                                3                              
385                                3                              
386                                A                              
387                                A                              
388                                A                              
389                                A                              
390                                3                            C2
391                                3                            C2
392                                3                            C2
393                                3                            C2
394                                3                            C2
395                                A                              
396                                B                              
                                                               full_study_section.name
1                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
2                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
3                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
4                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
5                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
6                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
7                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
8                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 BBCB-U (BM)]
9                          Training and Workforce Development Study Section - C[TWD-C]
10                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-H (55)]
11                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
12                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
13                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
14                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
15                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
16                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
17                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
18                                                                      ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
19                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-H (80)]
20                                                                      ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
21                         Macromolecular Structure and Function B Study Section[MSFB]
22                         Macromolecular Structure and Function B Study Section[MSFB]
23                                                                      ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
24                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-MDCN-R(86)A]
25                         Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section[MSFA]
26                                                                                <NA>
27  Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, Regeneration and Rhythmicity Study Section[NDPR]
28                  Basic Biology of Blood, Heart and Vasculature Study Section [BBHV]
29                                                    Vector Biology Study Section[VB]
30                                                    Vector Biology Study Section[VB]
31                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-B (30)]
32                         Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
33                         Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
34                                                                      ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
35                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 OTC-A (80)]
36                                                                                    
37                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 BST-U (50)]
38                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDIA-B(81)]
39                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDIA-B (81)]
40                         Macromolecular Structure and Function C Study Section[MSFC]
41                                                                                <NA>
42             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
43             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
44                                                 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
45                                                 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
46                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 OBT-Q (81)]
47                                                 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
48                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-F05-U(20)L]
49                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 F05-U (20)]
50                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-F05-U(20)L]
51                                                 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
52                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 BDCN-E (02)]
53                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-BDCN-E(02)]
54                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-BDCN-E(02)]
55                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-BDCN-E(02)]
56                                       Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
57                                       Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
58                                       Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
59                                       Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
60                                       Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
61                                                                                <NA>
62                                       Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
63                   Molecular and Integrative Signal Transduction Study Section[MIST]
64                         Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
65                         Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
66                         Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
67                         Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
68                         Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
69                         Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
70                                     Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
71                                     Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
72                                     Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
73                                     Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
74                                     Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
75                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MOSS-D (82)]
76             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
77             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
78                                                                                <NA>
79             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
80             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
81             Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
82                Neuroscience and Ophthalmic Imaging Technologies Study Section[NOIT]
83                Neuroscience and Ophthalmic Imaging Technologies Study Section[NOIT]
84                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-B(80)S]
85                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-B (80)]
86                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MOSS-D (82)]
87                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 SBIB-G (83)]
88                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
89                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
90                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
91                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-N (50)]
92                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
93                                                                                    
94                                                                      ZES1-LAT-D(K2)
95                                                                      ZES1-LAT-D(K2)
96                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZES1 LAT-D (K2)]
97                                                                                <NA>
98                                                    Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
99                                                    Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
100                                                   Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
101                                                   Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
102                              Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Study Section[MTE]
103                              Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Study Section[MTE]
104                 Epidemiology, Prevention and Behavior Research Study Section[AA-2]
105                 Epidemiology, Prevention and Behavior Research Study Section[AA-2]
106                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-M(02)M]
107                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-M(02)M]
108                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-M(02)M]
109                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-M (02)]
110                                                                                   
111                        Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
112                        Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
113                        Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
114 Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, Regeneration and Rhythmicity Study Section[NDPR]
115                        Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
116 Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, Regeneration and Rhythmicity Study Section[NDPR]
117                        Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
118                        Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
119                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZCA1 SRB-8 (J1)]
120                                                                     ZCA1-SRB-8(J1)
121                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-S (81)]
122                                                                                   
123                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 GGG-M (81)]
124                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 GGG-F (80)]
125                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-CB-G(02)M]
126                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-G (02)]
127                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-P(02)M]
128                                                                    ZGM1-BBCB-5(BM)
129                                                                    ZGM1-BBCB-5(BM)
130                                                                    ZGM1-BBCB-5(BM)
131                                           Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 BBCB-5 (BM)]
132                    Modeling and Analysis of Biological Systems Study Section[MABS]
133                                           Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-R (86)]
134                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-CB-G(02)M]
135                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-G (02)]
136                        Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section[MSFA]
137                                                                                NSS
138                                                                                NSS
139                                                                                NSS
140                                                                       ZOH1-NXT(50)
141                                              Special Emphasis Panel[ZOH1 NXT (50)]
142                                                                       ZOH1-NXT(50)
143                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
144                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
145                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
146                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
147                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
148                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
149                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
150                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
151                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
152                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
153                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
154                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
155                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
156                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
157                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
158                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
159                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
160                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
161                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
162                                                                           ZGM1(C2)
163                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
164                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
165                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
166                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
167                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
168                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
169                                                                           ZGM1(C2)
170                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
171                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
172                         Oral, Dental and Craniofacial Sciences Study Section[ODCS]
173                         Oral, Dental and Craniofacial Sciences Study Section[ODCS]
174                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-B(80)S]
175                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-B (80)]
176                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
177                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
178                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
179                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
180                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
181                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
182                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
183                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
184                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
185                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
186                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
187                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
188                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
189                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
190                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
191                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
192                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
193                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
194                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
195                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
196                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
197                                                                           ZGM1(C2)
198                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
199                                                                               ZGM1
200                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
201                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
202                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
203                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
204                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
205                                                                           ZGM1(C2)
206                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
207                                                                           ZGM1(C2)
208                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
209                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
210                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
211                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
212                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
213                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
214                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
215                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
216                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
217                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-3
218                                                                           ZGM1(C2)
219                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-P (30)]
220                                                           Earmark[ZOA1-MHS-A(A1)S]
221                                                           Earmark[ZOA1-MHS-A(A1)S]
222                           Synthetic and Biological Chemistry A Study Section[SBCA]
223                                           Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-R (86)]
224                                           Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-A (96)]
225                                           Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-R (86)]
226                                                                      ZRR1-RI-B(01)
227                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
228                                                                      ZRR1-RI-B(01)
229                                                                      ZRR1-RI-B(01)
230                                                                      ZRR1-RI-B(01)
231                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-T (81)]
232                                                 Nanotechnology Study Section[NANO]
233                                                 Nanotechnology Study Section[NANO]
234                                                 Nanotechnology Study Section[NANO]
235                      Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section[BDPE]
236                      Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section[BDPE]
237                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
238                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
239                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
240                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
241                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
242                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
243                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
244                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
245                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
246                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
247                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
248                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
249                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
250                                 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
251                                                   Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
252                                                   Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
253                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
254                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
255                                                                      ZRR1-RI-4(01)
256                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
257                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
258                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
259                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
260                                                                           ZGM1(IN)
261                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
262                                                                               ZGM1
263                                                                                   
264                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
265                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
266                                                                           ZGM1(IN)
267                                                                           ZGM1(IN)
268                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
269                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
270                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
271                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
272                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
273                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
274                                                                                   
275                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
276                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
277                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
278                                                                           ZGM1(IN)
279                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
280                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
281                                                                     ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
282                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
283                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
284                                                                           ZGM1(IN)
285                                                                           ZGM1(IN)
286                                                                               <NA>
287                      Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section[BDPE]
288                                                Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
289                                                Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
290                                                Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
291                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-F (02)]
292                                                Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
293                                                Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
294                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
295                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
296                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
297                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
298                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
299                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
300                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
301                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
302                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
303                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
304                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
305                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
306                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
307                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
308                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
309                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
310                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
311                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
312                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
313                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
314                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
315                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
316                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
317                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
318                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
319                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
320                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
321                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
322                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
323                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
324                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
325                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
326                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
327                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
328                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
329                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
330                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
331                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
332                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
333                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
334                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
335                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
336                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
337                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
338                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
339                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
340                                                                     ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
341                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
342                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
343                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
344                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
345                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
346                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
347                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
348                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
349                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
350                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
351                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
352                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
353                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
354                                                                         ZGM1-RCB-2
355                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
356                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
357                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
358                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
359                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
360                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
361                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
362                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
363                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
364                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
365                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
366                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
367                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
368                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
369                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
370                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
371                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
372                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
373                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
374                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
375                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
376                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
377                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
378                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B
379                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
380                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
381                                             Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
382                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
383                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
384                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
385                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-3
386                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
387                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
388                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
389                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
390                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
391                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
392                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
393                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
394                                            Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
395                                                                         ZGM1-TWD-A
396                                                                          ZRR1-RI-B