# Load required libraries
library(httr)
library(jsonlite)Warning: package 'jsonlite' was built under R version 4.2.3
library(dplyr)Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.2.3
Attaching package: 'dplyr'
The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
filter, lag
The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
# Set the base URL for the API
base_url <- "https://api.reporter.nih.gov/v2/projects/search"
# Build query parameters
query_params <- list(
criteria = list(
fiscal_years = 2013:2024, # Specify range of fiscal years
org_names = list("UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO", "BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY")),
offset = 0, # Starting point for fetching results. Unlikely you'd ever want to change this.
limit = 500, # Maximum number of results to fetch. Sometimes the API sets a maximum. NIH does not.
sort_field = "ProjectStartDate", # Field to sort by. Largely irrelevant as our visualizations should control this.
sort_order = "desc" # Sort order
)
# Convert query parameters to JSON format. This part is tricky. This line converts the list above to a format (json) that the API will recognize. This is a place where Python is way better than R.
query_json <- toJSON(query_params, auto_unbox = TRUE, null = "null", pretty = TRUE)
# Set header information for the request. Some instructions to the API about our query.
headers <- c("Content-Type" = "application/json")
# Send a POST request and retrieve response data. POST is just a type of API interaction. response is a json object. Click on it in your environment to see the hierarchical structure.
response <- POST(base_url, body = query_json, encode = "json", httr::add_headers(.headers = headers))
# Check if the request was successful. Sometimes the error is from our code. But sometimes it is from the API call. Status codes help us figure out where any problems might be.
if (status_code(response) == 200) {
# Extract and parse JSON data
json_data <- content(response, as = "text", encoding = "UTF-8")
parsed_data <- fromJSON(json_data, flatten = TRUE)
# Select columns based on the actual JSON data structure. The data frame (technically the tibble) we want is in the results component. click on parsed_data and you'll see what I mean.
projects_df <- parsed_data$results
# Print the data frame. This is nice for debugging but you'll eventually want to stop doing this.
print(projects_df)
} else {
# Print an error message if data fetching failed
print(paste("Failed to fetch data: Status code", status_code(response)))
# Print the full response for debugging purposes
print(content(response, as = "text"))
} appl_id subproject_id fiscal_year project_num project_serial_num
1 10770788 <NA> 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
2 10770790 7854 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
3 10770792 7856 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
4 10770793 7857 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
5 10770794 7858 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
6 10770789 7853 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
7 10770791 7855 2024 1P20GM152304-01 GM152304
8 10794448 <NA> 2023 1R01GM152736-01 GM152736
9 10714711 <NA> 2023 1T34GM142620-01A1 GM142620
10 10664776 <NA> 2023 1R25GM150142-01 GM150142
11 10557615 8941 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
12 10557619 8945 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
13 10557617 8943 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
14 10557613 <NA> 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
15 10557616 8942 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
16 10557614 8940 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
17 10557618 8944 2023 1P20GM148321-01 GM148321
18 10811882 6850 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
19 10578301 <NA> 2023 1R15HL167130-01 HL167130
20 10796330 5280 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
21 10645548 <NA> 2023 1R21AI175749-01 AI175749
22 10767341 <NA> 2024 5R21AI175749-02 AI175749
23 10731325 7555 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
24 10729124 <NA> 2019 7R15NS107743-02 NS107743
25 10579520 <NA> 2022 1R15GM148920-01 GM148920
26 10784999 <NA> 2023 3R15GM148920-01S1 GM148920
27 10573072 <NA> 2022 1R03NS130141-01 NS130141
28 10513527 <NA> 2022 1R15HL165397-01 HL165397
29 10679076 <NA> 2023 5R01AI165481-02 AI165481
30 10515589 <NA> 2022 1R01AI165481-01A1 AI165481
31 10431500 <NA> 2022 1S10OD032354-01 OD032354
32 10674997 <NA> 2023 5T34GM146634-02 GM146634
33 10496267 <NA> 2022 1T34GM146634-01 GM146634
34 10629500 5764 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
35 10438068 <NA> 2022 1R15CA271157-01 CA271157
36 10452423 <NA> 2021 3R15AR075314-01S1 AR075314
37 10194138 <NA> 2021 1R21EB031257-01 EB031257
38 10449373 <NA> 2022 5R21AI163870-02 AI163870
39 10289946 <NA> 2021 1R21AI163870-01 AI163870
40 10202324 <NA> 2021 1R15GM141770-01 GM141770
41 10582369 <NA> 2022 3R15GM141770-01S1 GM141770
42 10370396 <NA> 2022 5R21MH126076-02 MH126076
43 10188231 <NA> 2021 1R21MH126076-01 MH126076
44 10221688 <NA> 2021 5R01EY030467-02 EY030467
45 10688190 <NA> 2023 5R01EY030467-04 EY030467
46 9965610 <NA> 2020 1R15CA242471-01A1 CA242471
47 10478861 <NA> 2022 5R01EY030467-03 EY030467
48 10232104 <NA> 2021 5F31EY031962-02 EY031962
49 10068855 <NA> 2020 1F31EY031962-01 EY031962
50 10456801 <NA> 2022 5F31EY031962-03 EY031962
51 9969006 <NA> 2020 1R01EY030467-01A1 EY030467
52 10053210 <NA> 2020 1R01NS110934-01A1 NS110934
53 10397156 <NA> 2022 5R01NS110934-03 NS110934
54 10609845 <NA> 2023 5R01NS110934-04 NS110934
55 10206277 <NA> 2021 5R01NS110934-02 NS110934
56 10829798 <NA> 2024 5R01AG059923-05 AG059923
57 10116244 <NA> 2021 5R01AG059923-02 AG059923
58 10355514 <NA> 2022 5R01AG059923-03 AG059923
59 9888146 <NA> 2020 1R01AG059923-01A1 AG059923
60 10548349 <NA> 2022 3R01AG059923-03S1 AG059923
61 10237039 <NA> 2021 3R01AG059923-01A1S1 AG059923
62 10559581 <NA> 2023 5R01AG059923-04 AG059923
63 9813198 <NA> 2020 1R15GM134501-01 GM134501
64 10018926 <NA> 2020 5R01GM127675-02 GM127675
65 10241422 <NA> 2021 5R01GM127675-03 GM127675
66 10405217 <NA> 2021 3R01GM127675-03S1 GM127675
67 10670003 <NA> 2022 3R01GM127675-04S1 GM127675
68 9740900 <NA> 2019 1R01GM127675-01A1 GM127675
69 10458059 <NA> 2022 5R01GM127675-04 GM127675
70 10431882 <NA> 2022 5R01EY030067-04 EY030067
71 9708891 <NA> 2019 1R01EY030067-01 EY030067
72 10186757 <NA> 2021 5R01EY030067-03 EY030067
73 9970502 <NA> 2020 5R01EY030067-02 EY030067
74 10653155 <NA> 2023 5R01EY030067-05 EY030067
75 9732282 <NA> 2019 1R15AR075314-01 AR075314
76 10405594 <NA> 2022 5R01MH119127-04 MH119127
77 9713959 <NA> 2019 1R01MH119127-01 MH119127
78 10265809 <NA> 2021 3R01MH119127-02S1 MH119127
79 10166946 <NA> 2021 5R01MH119127-03 MH119127
80 10497472 <NA> 2022 3R01MH119127-04S1 MH119127
81 9928129 <NA> 2020 5R01MH119127-02 MH119127
82 9716140 <NA> 2019 1R01NS111283-01 NS111283
83 9901616 <NA> 2020 5R01NS111283-02 NS111283
84 9833485 <NA> 2020 5R21AI135691-02 AI135691
85 9669332 <NA> 2019 1R21AI135691-01A1 AI135691
86 9591004 <NA> 2018 1R15AG059655-01A1 AG059655
87 9516325 <NA> 2018 1R15EB024930-01A1 EB024930
88 10206210 <NA> 2021 5R01HD092297-04 HD092297
89 9776590 <NA> 2019 5R01HD092297-02 HD092297
90 9970508 <NA> 2020 5R01HD092297-03 HD092297
91 9572627 <NA> 2018 1R01HD092297-01A1 HD092297
92 10449210 <NA> 2022 5R01HD092297-05 HD092297
93 10394631 <NA> 2021 3K01ES028745-03S1 ES028745
94 9983683 <NA> 2020 5K01ES028745-03 ES028745
95 9772479 <NA> 2019 5K01ES028745-02 ES028745
96 9599382 <NA> 2018 1K01ES028745-01A1 ES028745
97 9673543 <NA> 2018 3R01EY012146-16S1 EY012146
98 9580958 <NA> 2018 1R01AI139503-01 AI139503
99 9982196 <NA> 2020 5R01AI139503-03 AI139503
100 10219059 <NA> 2021 5R01AI139503-04 AI139503
101 9757691 <NA> 2019 5R01AI139503-02 AI139503
102 9456037 <NA> 2018 1R03EB024134-01A1 EB024134
103 9749899 <NA> 2019 5R03EB024134-02 EB024134
104 9727867 <NA> 2019 5R21AA023880-02 AA023880
105 9385671 <NA> 2018 1R21AA023880-01A1 AA023880
106 9703893 <NA> 2019 5R01AI131609-02 AI131609
107 9933795 <NA> 2020 5R01AI131609-03 AI131609
108 10170213 <NA> 2021 5R01AI131609-04 AI131609
109 9457065 <NA> 2018 1R01AI131609-01A1 AI131609
110 9475532 <NA> 2017 3R15NS096702-01S1 NS096702
111 9547452 <NA> 2018 5R25GM123927-02 GM123927
112 9358316 <NA> 2017 1R25GM123927-01 GM123927
113 10193707 <NA> 2020 3R25GM123927-04S1 GM123927
114 9374986 <NA> 2017 1R21EY028297-01 EY028297
115 10252895 <NA> 2021 5R25GM123927-05 GM123927
116 9548269 <NA> 2018 5R21EY028297-02 EY028297
117 10013262 <NA> 2020 5R25GM123927-04 GM123927
118 9770908 <NA> 2019 5R25GM123927-03 GM123927
119 9307507 <NA> 2017 1R03CA216179-01 CA216179
120 9534570 <NA> 2018 5R03CA216179-02 CA216179
121 9377972 <NA> 2017 1R15GM125065-01 GM125065
122 10797983 <NA> 2023 3R15GM123446-02A1S1 GM123446
123 10514845 <NA> 2022 2R15GM123446-02A1 GM123446
124 9305384 <NA> 2017 1R15GM123446-01 GM123446
125 9353421 <NA> 2017 5R21EY026501-02 EY026501
126 9197172 <NA> 2016 1R21EY026501-01A1 EY026501
127 9464889 <NA> 2016 7R56AI118926-02 AI118926
128 9472351 <NA> 2018 5R01GM122079-03 GM122079
129 9690759 <NA> 2019 5R01GM122079-04 GM122079
130 9321401 <NA> 2017 5R01GM122079-02 GM122079
131 9247312 <NA> 2016 1R01GM122079-01 GM122079
132 10583400 <NA> 2023 2R01GM122079-05A1 GM122079
133 9098493 <NA> 2016 1R15NS096702-01 NS096702
134 9251820 <NA> 2017 5R21EY026814-02 EY026814
135 9128303 <NA> 2016 1R21EY026814-01 EY026814
136 9012889 <NA> 2016 1R15GM117323-01 GM117323
137 9119200 <NA> 2015 4R00HG007368-02 HG007368
138 9307590 <NA> 2017 5R00HG007368-04 HG007368
139 9145265 <NA> 2016 5R00HG007368-03 HG007368
140 9302361 <NA> 2017 5U01OH010841-03 OH010841
141 8960772 <NA> 2015 1U01OH010841-01A1 OH010841
142 9113953 <NA> 2016 5U01OH010841-02 OH010841
143 8811794 <NA> 2015 1P20GM104420-01A1 GM104420
144 8811795 5734 2015 1P20GM104420-01A1 GM104420
145 8811798 5737 2015 1P20GM104420-01A1 GM104420
146 10699966 <NA> 2023 5P20GM104420-09 GM104420
147 9414051 <NA> 2018 5P20GM104420-04 GM104420
148 10449993 6778 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
149 10220057 6777 2021 5P20GM104420-07 GM104420
150 10220062 6780 2021 5P20GM104420-07 GM104420
151 10449990 <NA> 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
152 10449992 6777 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
153 10449994 6779 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
154 10220054 <NA> 2021 5P20GM104420-07 GM104420
155 10220059 6778 2021 5P20GM104420-07 GM104420
156 10220061 6779 2021 5P20GM104420-07 GM104420
157 9233164 <NA> 2017 5P20GM104420-03 GM104420
158 8811797 5736 2015 1P20GM104420-01A1 GM104420
159 9034602 <NA> 2016 5P20GM104420-02 GM104420
160 9629703 <NA> 2019 5P20GM104420-05 GM104420
161 10699967 8153 2023 5P20GM104420-09 GM104420
162 10192030 <NA> 2020 3P20GM104420-06A1S1 GM104420
163 10220055 6776 2021 5P20GM104420-07 GM104420
164 10699971 8156 2023 5P20GM104420-09 GM104420
165 8811799 5738 2015 1P20GM104420-01A1 GM104420
166 10026000 <NA> 2020 2P20GM104420-06A1 GM104420
167 8811796 5735 2015 1P20GM104420-01A1 GM104420
168 10449991 6776 2022 5P20GM104420-08 GM104420
169 10854353 <NA> 2023 3P20GM104420-09S1 GM104420
170 10813692 7092 2023 5P20GM104420-09 GM104420
171 10813693 7093 2023 5P20GM104420-09 GM104420
172 8771558 <NA> 2014 1R21DE023924-01A1 DE023924
173 8912441 <NA> 2015 5R21DE023924-02 DE023924
174 8887302 <NA> 2015 5R21AI113617-02 AI113617
175 8771596 <NA> 2014 1R21AI113617-01 AI113617
176 9323143 <NA> 2016 3P20GM109095-03S1 GM109095
177 8653271 7972 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
178 10640905 <NA> 2023 5P20GM109095-10 GM109095
179 10640912 7835 2023 5P20GM109095-10 GM109095
180 9310452 <NA> 2017 5P20GM109095-04 GM109095
181 9492734 <NA> 2018 5P20GM109095-05 GM109095
182 10415174 7835 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
183 10415177 7838 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
184 10415178 7839 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
185 10226308 7833 2021 5P20GM109095-08 GM109095
186 10226313 7839 2021 5P20GM109095-08 GM109095
187 8653269 7970 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
188 8653270 7971 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
189 8653273 7973 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
190 8653276 7975 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
191 8625918 <NA> 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
192 8898140 <NA> 2015 5P20GM109095-02 GM109095
193 9067400 <NA> 2016 5P20GM109095-03 GM109095
194 10226310 7835 2021 5P20GM109095-08 GM109095
195 9786629 <NA> 2019 2P20GM109095-06 GM109095
196 9983785 7833 2020 5P20GM109095-07 GM109095
197 10594358 <NA> 2022 3P20GM109095-09S1 GM109095
198 10755640 7555 2023 5P20GM109095-10 GM109095
199 10894421 7833 2023 3P20GM109095-10S1 GM109095
200 8653277 7976 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
201 10415172 7833 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
202 9983763 <NA> 2020 5P20GM109095-07 GM109095
203 9983787 7834 2020 5P20GM109095-07 GM109095
204 9983788 7835 2020 5P20GM109095-07 GM109095
205 10397810 <NA> 2021 3P20GM109095-08S1 GM109095
206 10640908 7834 2023 5P20GM109095-10 GM109095
207 10722845 <NA> 2023 3P20GM109095-10S2 GM109095
208 8653275 7974 2014 1P20GM109095-01 GM109095
209 10640906 7833 2023 5P20GM109095-10 GM109095
210 10640926 5764 2023 5P20GM109095-10 GM109095
211 9983791 7838 2020 5P20GM109095-07 GM109095
212 9983792 7839 2020 5P20GM109095-07 GM109095
213 10415171 <NA> 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
214 10415173 7834 2022 5P20GM109095-09 GM109095
215 10226307 <NA> 2021 5P20GM109095-08 GM109095
216 10226309 7834 2021 5P20GM109095-08 GM109095
217 10226312 7838 2021 5P20GM109095-08 GM109095
218 10844074 <NA> 2023 3P20GM109095-10S1 GM109095
219 8639952 <NA> 2014 1S10OD018044-01 OD018044
220 8724040 <NA> 2013 1U79SM061459-01 SM061459
221 8744766 <NA> 2014 5U79SM061459-02 SM061459
222 9474510 <NA> 2017 7R01GM105686-05 GM105686
223 9650047 <NA> 2019 2R15AG042781-02A1 AG042781
224 8488281 <NA> 2013 1R15AG042781-01A1 AG042781
225 10511272 <NA> 2022 2R15AG042781-03 AG042781
226 8643798 <NA> 2014 5P30GM103324-02 GM103324
227 8304605 <NA> 2013 1P30GM103324-01 GM103324
228 9000704 <NA> 2016 4P30GM103324-04 GM103324
229 9213373 <NA> 2017 5P30GM103324-05 GM103324
230 8796191 <NA> 2015 5P30GM103324-03 GM103324
231 9231986 <NA> 2017 2R15GM102852-02 GM102852
232 8728938 <NA> 2014 5K25GM093233-04 GM093233
233 8544479 <NA> 2013 5K25GM093233-03 GM093233
234 8917251 <NA> 2015 5K25GM093233-05 GM093233
235 8527784 <NA> 2013 5R01EY020857-04 EY020857
236 8722560 <NA> 2014 5R01EY020857-05 EY020857
237 10275435 <NA> 2022 3R01AI084918-10S1 AI084918
238 9902314 <NA> 2020 5R01AI084918-08 AI084918
239 9698255 <NA> 2019 5R01AI084918-07 AI084918
240 10395990 <NA> 2022 5R01AI084918-10 AI084918
241 8460564 <NA> 2013 5R01AI084918-04 AI084918
242 10142345 <NA> 2021 5R01AI084918-09 AI084918
243 8644780 <NA> 2014 5R01AI084918-05 AI084918
244 9596895 <NA> 2018 2R01AI084918-06A1 AI084918
245 8460141 <NA> 2013 5R01GM076040-08 GM076040
246 9524543 <NA> 2018 2R01GM076040-10 GM076040
247 8663921 <NA> 2014 5R01GM076040-09 GM076040
248 10130543 <NA> 2021 5R01GM076040-13 GM076040
249 9701213 <NA> 2019 5R01GM076040-11 GM076040
250 9883006 <NA> 2020 5R01GM076040-12 GM076040
251 8384878 <NA> 2013 5R01AI051463-09 AI051463
252 8589573 <NA> 2014 5R01AI051463-10 AI051463
253 9672128 <NA> 2019 2P20GM103408-19 GM103408
254 10164435 <NA> 2020 3P20GM103408-20S1 GM103408
255 8469059 <NA> 2013 5P20GM103408-13 GM103408
256 8670933 <NA> 2014 2P20GM103408-14 GM103408
257 10398092 <NA> 2022 5P20GM103408-22 GM103408
258 10398104 7174 2022 5P20GM103408-22 GM103408
259 10398106 7176 2022 5P20GM103408-22 GM103408
260 10392268 <NA> 2021 3P20GM103408-21S3 GM103408
261 10581617 <NA> 2023 5P20GM103408-23 GM103408
262 10811377 6787 2023 3P20GM103408-23S1 GM103408
263 10851286 <NA> 2023 3P20GM103408-23S4 GM103408
264 9981354 <NA> 2019 3P20GM103408-19S1 GM103408
265 10398105 7175 2022 5P20GM103408-22 GM103408
266 10379717 <NA> 2021 3P20GM103408-21S2 GM103408
267 10379719 <NA> 2021 3P20GM103408-21S1 GM103408
268 10152604 <NA> 2021 5P20GM103408-21 GM103408
269 10152605 7174 2021 5P20GM103408-21 GM103408
270 10152606 7175 2021 5P20GM103408-21 GM103408
271 8856592 <NA> 2015 5P20GM103408-15 GM103408
272 10581618 7174 2023 5P20GM103408-23 GM103408
273 10581625 7176 2023 5P20GM103408-23 GM103408
274 10798667 <NA> 2023 3P20GM103408-23S2 GM103408
275 9061706 <NA> 2016 5P20GM103408-16 GM103408
276 8903019 <NA> 2014 3P20GM103408-14S1 GM103408
277 10581622 7175 2023 5P20GM103408-23 GM103408
278 10152261 <NA> 2020 3P20GM103408-20S2 GM103408
279 10152607 7176 2021 5P20GM103408-21 GM103408
280 10164436 7174 2020 3P20GM103408-20S1 GM103408
281 9908083 <NA> 2020 5P20GM103408-20 GM103408
282 9479689 <NA> 2018 5P20GM103408-18 GM103408
283 9276510 <NA> 2017 5P20GM103408-17 GM103408
284 10715100 <NA> 2023 3P20GM103408-23S3 GM103408
285 10766460 <NA> 2023 3P20GM103408-23S1 GM103408
286 10885755 7174 2023 3P20GM103408-23S4 GM103408
287 8485611 <NA> 2013 5R01EY012146-14 EY012146
288 9473635 <NA> 2018 2R01EY012146-16 EY012146
289 9850259 <NA> 2020 5R01EY012146-18 EY012146
290 10334463 <NA> 2022 5R01EY012146-20 EY012146
291 8987889 <NA> 2015 2R01EY012146-15A1 EY012146
292 10085231 <NA> 2021 5R01EY012146-19 EY012146
293 9634063 <NA> 2019 5R01EY012146-17 EY012146
294 8796193 7938 2015 5P30GM103324-03 GM103324
295 8463788 7938 2013 1P30GM103324-01 GM103324
296 8643800 7938 2014 5P30GM103324-02 GM103324
297 8643801 7939 2014 5P30GM103324-02 GM103324
298 8856600 7054 2015 5P20GM103408-15 GM103408
299 10026001 6776 2020 2P20GM104420-06A1 GM104420
300 10026005 6780 2020 2P20GM104420-06A1 GM104420
301 9479690 7051 2018 5P20GM103408-18 GM103408
302 9034603 5734 2016 5P20GM104420-02 GM104420
303 9061708 7052 2016 5P20GM103408-16 GM103408
304 9310463 7971 2017 5P20GM109095-04 GM109095
305 9310464 7972 2017 5P20GM109095-04 GM109095
306 9310465 7973 2017 5P20GM109095-04 GM109095
307 9310467 7975 2017 5P20GM109095-04 GM109095
308 9492736 7970 2018 5P20GM109095-05 GM109095
309 9492739 7973 2018 5P20GM109095-05 GM109095
310 9492741 7975 2018 5P20GM109095-05 GM109095
311 9414057 5735 2018 5P20GM104420-04 GM104420
312 9213374 7937 2017 5P30GM103324-05 GM103324
313 9213377 7939 2017 5P30GM103324-05 GM103324
314 9233166 5734 2017 5P20GM104420-03 GM104420
315 9233168 5736 2017 5P20GM104420-03 GM104420
316 9000705 7937 2016 4P30GM103324-04 GM103324
317 9000708 7939 2016 4P30GM103324-04 GM103324
318 9067404 7973 2016 5P20GM109095-03 GM109095
319 9672129 7174 2019 2P20GM103408-19 GM103408
320 9672131 7176 2019 2P20GM103408-19 GM103408
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principal_investigators
1 1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
2 12579051, Janet, E., Williams, TRUE, Janet E. Williams, SENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTIST
3 12311714, Yimin, , Chen, TRUE, Yimin Chen, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
4 78447382, Ginny, , Lane, TRUE, Ginny Lane, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
5 1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
6 1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
7 15340383, Ann, Frost, Brown, TRUE, Ann Frost Brown,
8 78953889, Esteban, Aberlardo, Hernandez Vargas, TRUE, Esteban Aberlardo Hernandez Vargas, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
9 77875620, 14398977, Rhena, Kristopher, , V, Cooper, Waynant, FALSE, TRUE, Rhena Cooper, Kristopher V Waynant, , ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
10 8465380, BARRIE, D, ROBISON, TRUE, BARRIE D ROBISON, PROFESSOR
11 78493882, Paul, Henry, Davis, TRUE, Paul Henry Davis, SURFACE SCIENCE LAB MANAGER
12 14935809, Tyler, , Brown, TRUE, Tyler Brown, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
13 14866961, Benjamin, , Johnson, TRUE, Benjamin Johnson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
14 11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim Browning, PROFESSOR
15 14496984, Erin, , Mannen, TRUE, Erin Mannen,
16 11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim Browning, PROFESSOR
17 77878419, Nirmala, , Kandadai, TRUE, Nirmala Kandadai,
18 12461303, Jagdish Suresh, , Patel, TRUE, Jagdish Suresh Patel, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
19 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
20 14291684, JAMES, , VAN LEUVEN, TRUE, JAMES VAN LEUVEN,
21 11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
22 11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
23 9370510, Javier, , Ochoa-Reparaz, TRUE, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
24 9370510, Javier, , Ochoa-Reparaz, TRUE, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
25 11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
26 11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
27 7757724, PETER, Gerard, FUERST, TRUE, PETER Gerard FUERST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
28 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
29 1972007, 10541387, Shirley, Jeffrey, , A, Luckhart, Riffell, TRUE, FALSE, Shirley Luckhart, Jeffrey A Riffell, PROFESSOR,
30 1972007, 10541387, Shirley, Jeffrey, , A, Luckhart, Riffell, TRUE, FALSE, Shirley Luckhart, Jeffrey A Riffell, PROFESSOR,
31 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
32 1929614, 14492784, 15889966, 6692108, CHERYL, Steven, Holly, TROY, LYNN, , K, T, JORCYK, Lysne, Paquette, ROHN, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, Holly K Paquette, TROY T ROHN, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, , , PROFESSOR
33 1929614, 14492784, 15889966, 6692108, CHERYL, Steven, Holly, TROY, LYNN, , K, T, JORCYK, Lysne, Paquette, ROHN, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, Holly K Paquette, TROY T ROHN, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR, , , PROFESSOR
34 15943038, Sophia, Katerina, Theodossiou, TRUE, Sophia Katerina Theodossiou, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
35 8192987, Don, L, Warner, TRUE, Don L Warner, PROFESSOR
36 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
37 11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim Browning, PROFESSOR
38 8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
39 8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
40 12530898, Eric, , Baggs, TRUE, Eric Baggs,
41 12530898, Eric, , Baggs, TRUE, Eric Baggs,
42 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
43 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
44 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
45 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
46 1929614, CHERYL, LYNN, JORCYK, TRUE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
47 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
48 15484506, Ashley, Alice, Farre, TRUE, Ashley Alice Farre,
49 15484506, Ashley, Alice, Farre, TRUE, Ashley Alice Farre,
50 15484506, Ashley, Alice, Farre, TRUE, Ashley Alice Farre,
51 11742039, Diana, , Mitchell, TRUE, Diana Mitchell, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
52 11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
53 11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
54 11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
55 11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
56 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
57 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
58 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
59 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
60 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
61 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
62 14079481, Gunes, , Uzer, TRUE, Gunes Uzer, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
63 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
64 1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
65 1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
66 1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
67 1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
68 1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
69 1965378, JILL, L, JOHNSON, TRUE, JILL L JOHNSON, ACADEMIC FACULTY
70 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
71 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
72 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
73 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
74 10688944, Laxman, , Mainali, TRUE, Laxman Mainali, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
75 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
76 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
77 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
78 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
79 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
80 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
81 11307699, Nathaniel, J., Williams, TRUE, Nathaniel J. Williams, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
82 11711286, Bryn, Andrew, Martin, TRUE, Bryn Andrew Martin,
83 11711286, Bryn, Andrew, Martin, TRUE, Bryn Andrew Martin,
84 8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
85 8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
86 10652774, Clare, , Fitzpatrick, TRUE, Clare Fitzpatrick, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
87 11333997, Jim, , Browning, TRUE, Jim Browning, PROFESSOR
88 1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
89 1974190, MARK, Adam, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MARK Adam MCGUIRE, ASSOCIATE DEAN AND DIRECTOR
90 1974190, MARK, Adam, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MARK Adam MCGUIRE, ASSOCIATE DEAN AND DIRECTOR
91 1974190, MARK, Adam, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MARK Adam MCGUIRE, ASSOCIATE DEAN AND DIRECTOR
92 1918945, MICHELLE, Kay, MCGUIRE, TRUE, MICHELLE Kay MCGUIRE, DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR
93 14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
94 14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
95 14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
96 14092316, Cynthia, Leigh, Curl, TRUE, Cynthia Leigh Curl, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
97 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
98 1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO,
99 1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO,
100 1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO,
101 1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO,
102 11966874, Nathan, Robert, Schiele, TRUE, Nathan Robert Schiele, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
103 11966874, Nathan, Robert, Schiele, TRUE, Nathan Robert Schiele, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
104 9247657, Diana, Doumas, Walsh, TRUE, Diana Doumas Walsh, PROFESSOR
105 9247657, Diana, Doumas, Walsh, TRUE, Diana Doumas Walsh, PROFESSOR
106 1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley Luckhart, PROFESSOR
107 1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley Luckhart, PROFESSOR
108 1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley Luckhart, PROFESSOR
109 1972007, Shirley, , Luckhart, TRUE, Shirley Luckhart, PROFESSOR
110 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
111 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR,
112 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR,
113 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR,
114 11294714, 7757724, Bart, PETER, Gerard, Gerard, Borghuis, FUERST, FALSE, TRUE, Bart Gerard Borghuis, PETER Gerard FUERST, , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
115 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR,
116 11294714, 7757724, Bart, PETER, Gerard, Gerard, Borghuis, FUERST, FALSE, TRUE, Bart Gerard Borghuis, PETER Gerard FUERST, , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
117 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR,
118 1929614, 14492784, CHERYL, Steven, LYNN, , JORCYK, Lysne, TRUE, FALSE, CHERYL LYNN JORCYK, Steven Lysne, CTR DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR,
119 6870984, CHING-AN, , PENG, TRUE, CHING-AN PENG, CHAIR AND PROFESSOR
120 6870984, CHING-AN, , PENG, TRUE, CHING-AN PENG, CHAIR AND PROFESSOR
121 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
122 11798707, Matthew, Lee, Ferguson, TRUE, Matthew Lee Ferguson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS
123 11798707, Matthew, Lee, Ferguson, TRUE, Matthew Lee Ferguson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS
124 11798707, Matthew, Lee, Ferguson, TRUE, Matthew Lee Ferguson, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS
125 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
126 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
127 6805714, 1972007, 7357032, CECILIA, Shirley, Michael, , , Allen, GIULIVI, Luckhart, Riehle, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, CECILIA GIULIVI, Shirley Luckhart, Michael Allen Riehle, , PROFESSOR,
128 6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
129 6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
130 6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
131 6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
132 6908585, SCOTT, L, NUISMER, TRUE, SCOTT L NUISMER, PROFESSOR
133 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
134 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
135 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
136 11244391, Rajesh, , Nagarajan, TRUE, Rajesh Nagarajan, PROFESSOR
137 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu,
138 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu,
139 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu,
140 12291256, Robert, Frederick, Keefe, TRUE, Robert Frederick Keefe, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FOREST OPERATIONS
141 12291256, Robert, Frederick, Keefe, TRUE, Robert Frederick Keefe, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FOREST OPERATIONS
142 12291256, Robert, Frederick, Keefe, TRUE, Robert Frederick Keefe, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF FOREST OPERATIONS
143 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
144 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
145 12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine Parent,
146 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
147 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
148 15717315, Min, , Xian, TRUE, Min Xian,
149 10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
150 12553895, CHRISTOPHER, HASKELL, REMIEN, TRUE, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL REMIEN, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
151 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
152 10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
153 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu,
154 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
155 15717315, Min, , Xian, TRUE, Min Xian,
156 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu,
157 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
158 9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
159 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
160 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
161 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
162 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
163 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
164 10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
165 12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
166 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
167 8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest,
168 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
169 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
170 12461303, Jagdish Suresh, , Patel, TRUE, Jagdish Suresh Patel, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
171 14291684, JAMES, , VAN LEUVEN, TRUE, JAMES VAN LEUVEN,
172 8847388, Nicole, , Grieshaber, TRUE, Nicole Grieshaber, RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
173 8847388, Nicole, , Grieshaber, TRUE, Nicole Grieshaber, RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
174 8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
175 8133523, SCOTT, S, GRIESHABER, TRUE, SCOTT S GRIESHABER, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
176 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
177 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
178 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
179 14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
180 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
181 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
182 14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
183 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
184 9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
185 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
186 9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
187 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
188 11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin gillis,
189 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
190 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
191 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
192 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
193 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
194 14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
195 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
196 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
197 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
198 9370510, Javier, , Ochoa-Reparaz, TRUE, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
199 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
200 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
201 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
202 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
203 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
204 14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
205 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
206 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
207 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
208 10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
209 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
210 15943038, Sophia, Katerina, Theodossiou, TRUE, Sophia Katerina Theodossiou, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
211 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
212 9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
213 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
214 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
215 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
216 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
217 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
218 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
219 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
220 11949943, Sharon, K, Fritz, TRUE, Sharon K Fritz,
221 11949943, Sharon, K, Fritz, TRUE, Sharon K Fritz,
222 7796467, SCOTT, T, PHILLIPS, TRUE, SCOTT T PHILLIPS, PROFESSOR
223 6692108, TROY, T, ROHN, TRUE, TROY T ROHN, PROFESSOR
224 6692108, TROY, T, ROHN, TRUE, TROY T ROHN, PROFESSOR
225 6692108, TROY, T, ROHN, TRUE, TROY T ROHN, PROFESSOR
226 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
227 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
228 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
229 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
230 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
231 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
232 9745082, William, L., Hughes, TRUE, William L. Hughes, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
233 9745082, William, L., Hughes, TRUE, William L. Hughes, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
234 9745082, William, L., Hughes, TRUE, William L. Hughes, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
235 7757724, PETER, Gerard, FUERST, TRUE, PETER Gerard FUERST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
236 7757724, PETER, Gerard, FUERST, TRUE, PETER Gerard FUERST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
237 9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
238 9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
239 9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
240 9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
241 11206205, 9751112, Jose, Eva, Miguel, M., Ponciano, Top, FALSE, TRUE, Jose Miguel Ponciano, Eva M. Top, , PROFESSOR
242 9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
243 11206205, 9751112, Jose, Eva, Miguel, M., Ponciano, Top, FALSE, TRUE, Jose Miguel Ponciano, Eva M. Top, , PROFESSOR
244 9751112, Eva, M., Top, TRUE, Eva M. Top, PROFESSOR
245 8237553, 10316717, 1875902, PAUL, Craig, Holly, , R, A, JOYCE, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE, PAUL JOYCE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, PROFESSOR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
246 10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
247 10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, FALSE, TRUE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
248 10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
249 10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
250 10316717, 1875902, Craig, Holly, R, A, Miller, Wichman, TRUE, FALSE, Craig R Miller, Holly A Wichman, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
251 1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO,
252 1858340, ELIZABETH, A, FORTUNATO, TRUE, ELIZABETH A FORTUNATO,
253 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
254 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
255 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
256 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
257 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
258 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
259 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
260 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
261 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
262 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
263 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
264 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
265 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell,
266 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
267 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
268 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
269 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
270 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell,
271 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
272 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
273 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
274 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
275 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
276 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
277 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell,
278 11320048, 8643316, 8794240, Richard, Carolyn, Richard, Scott, Hovde, Luke, Beard, Bohach, Daniels, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE, Richard Scott Beard, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, Richard Luke Daniels, , UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR,
279 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
280 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
281 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
282 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
283 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
284 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
285 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
286 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
287 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
288 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
289 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
290 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
291 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
292 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
293 1865110, Deborah, L, Stenkamp, TRUE, Deborah L Stenkamp, PROFESSOR
294 11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon,
295 11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon,
296 11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon,
297 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew Settles,
298 11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye Cooper,
299 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
300 12553895, CHRISTOPHER, HASKELL, REMIEN, TRUE, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL REMIEN, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
301 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
302 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
303 6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
304 11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin gillis,
305 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
306 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
307 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
308 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
309 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
310 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
311 8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest,
312 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
313 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew Settles,
314 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
315 9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
316 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
317 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew Settles,
318 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
319 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
320 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
321 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
322 12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
323 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
324 11320048, Richard, Scott, Beard, TRUE, Richard Scott Beard, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
325 11950439, Brad, , Morrison, TRUE, Brad Morrison, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
326 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew Settles,
327 11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye Cooper,
328 7075982, Allan, R, Albig, TRUE, Allan R Albig, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
329 10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
330 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
331 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
332 11333982, Trevor, Justin, Lujan, TRUE, Trevor Justin Lujan, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
333 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
334 10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
335 10316693, Matthew, , Settles, TRUE, Matthew Settles,
336 12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
337 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
338 9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
339 9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
340 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
341 9837979, Mark, Joseph, Rudin, TRUE, Mark Joseph Rudin,
342 11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon,
343 6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
344 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
345 11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin gillis,
346 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell,
347 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
348 11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin gillis,
349 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
350 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
351 8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest,
352 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell,
353 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
354 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
355 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
356 11791086, Calvin, , gillis, TRUE, Calvin gillis,
357 11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye Cooper,
358 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
359 10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
360 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
361 9589413, Tanya, A, Miura, TRUE, Tanya A Miura, PROFESSOR AND CHAIR
362 12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine Parent,
363 12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
364 12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine Parent,
365 12032776, Bert, , Baumgaertner, TRUE, Bert Baumgaertner, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
366 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
367 6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
368 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
369 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
370 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
371 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
372 15717315, Min, , Xian, TRUE, Min Xian,
373 6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
374 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
375 11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye Cooper,
376 1897112, JULIA, THOM, OXFORD, TRUE, JULIA THOM OXFORD, DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR & DIRECTOR
377 2043682, KRISTEN, Andrea, MITCHELL, TRUE, KRISTEN Andrea MITCHELL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
378 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
379 8643316, Carolyn, Hovde, Bohach, TRUE, Carolyn Hovde Bohach, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
380 6062793, JAMES, A, FOSTER, TRUE, JAMES A FOSTER, PROFESSOR
381 2450603, LARRY, J, FORNEY, TRUE, LARRY J FORNEY, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
382 8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest,
383 12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine Parent,
384 9647134, Scott, A, Minnich, TRUE, Scott A Minnich,
385 11958119, Tommye, , Cooper, TRUE, Tommye Cooper,
386 1875902, Holly, A, Wichman, TRUE, Holly A Wichman, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR
387 8256975, Kenneth, A, Cornell, TRUE, Kenneth A Cornell, PROFESSOR
388 8633692, Michelle, M, Wiest, TRUE, Michelle M Wiest,
389 12032788, Christine, , Parent, TRUE, Christine Parent,
390 10316717, Craig, R, Miller, TRUE, Craig R Miller, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENC
391 11260773, Audrey, Qiuyan, Fu, TRUE, Audrey Qiuyan Fu,
392 14431798, Jared, , Romero, TRUE, Jared Romero, ASST DIR RESEARCH COMPLIANCE/IACUC CHAIR
393 10652774, Clare, , Fitzpatrick, TRUE, Clare Fitzpatrick, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
394 9203167, Lisa, R, Warner, TRUE, Lisa R Warner, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
395 10841975, Minoti, , Hiremath, TRUE, Minoti Hiremath, ASSISTANT RESEARCH PROFESSOR
396 11033145, Robert, T., Lyon, TRUE, Robert T. Lyon,
contact_pi_name
1 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
2 WILLIAMS, JANET E.
3 CHEN, YIMIN
4 LANE, GINNY
5 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
6 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
7 BROWN, ANN FROST
8 HERNANDEZ VARGAS, ESTEBAN ABERLARDO
9 WAYNANT, KRISTOPHER V
10 ROBISON, BARRIE D
11 DAVIS, PAUL HENRY
12 BROWN, TYLER
13 JOHNSON, BENJAMIN
14 BROWNING, JIM
15 MANNEN, ERIN
16 BROWNING, JIM
17 KANDADAI, NIRMALA
18 PATEL, JAGDISH SURESH
19 ALBIG, ALLAN R
20 VAN LEUVEN, JAMES
21 NAGARAJAN, RAJESH
22 NAGARAJAN, RAJESH
23 OCHOA-REPARAZ, JAVIER
24 OCHOA-REPARAZ, JAVIER
25 NAGARAJAN, RAJESH
26 NAGARAJAN, RAJESH
27 FUERST, PETER GERARD
28 MORRISON, BRAD
29 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
30 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
31 UZER, GUNES
32 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
33 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
34 THEODOSSIOU, SOPHIA KATERINA
35 WARNER, DON L
36 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
37 BROWNING, JIM
38 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
39 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
40 BAGGS, ERIC
41 BAGGS, ERIC
42 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
43 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
44 MITCHELL, DIANA
45 MITCHELL, DIANA
46 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
47 MITCHELL, DIANA
48 FARRE, ASHLEY ALICE
49 FARRE, ASHLEY ALICE
50 FARRE, ASHLEY ALICE
51 MITCHELL, DIANA
52 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
53 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
54 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
55 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
56 UZER, GUNES
57 UZER, GUNES
58 UZER, GUNES
59 UZER, GUNES
60 UZER, GUNES
61 UZER, GUNES
62 UZER, GUNES
63 ALBIG, ALLAN R
64 JOHNSON, JILL L
65 JOHNSON, JILL L
66 JOHNSON, JILL L
67 JOHNSON, JILL L
68 JOHNSON, JILL L
69 JOHNSON, JILL L
70 MAINALI, LAXMAN
71 MAINALI, LAXMAN
72 MAINALI, LAXMAN
73 MAINALI, LAXMAN
74 MAINALI, LAXMAN
75 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
76 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
77 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
78 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
79 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
80 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
81 WILLIAMS, NATHANIEL J.
82 MARTIN, BRYN ANDREW
83 MARTIN, BRYN ANDREW
84 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
85 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
86 FITZPATRICK, CLARE
87 BROWNING, JIM
88 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
89 MCGUIRE, MARK ADAM
90 MCGUIRE, MARK ADAM
91 MCGUIRE, MARK ADAM
92 MCGUIRE, MICHELLE KAY
93 CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
94 CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
95 CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
96 CURL, CYNTHIA LEIGH
97 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
98 FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
99 FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
100 FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
101 FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
102 SCHIELE, NATHAN ROBERT
103 SCHIELE, NATHAN ROBERT
104 WALSH, DIANA DOUMAS
105 WALSH, DIANA DOUMAS
106 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
107 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
108 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
109 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
110 MORRISON, BRAD
111 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
112 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
113 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
114 FUERST, PETER GERARD
115 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
116 FUERST, PETER GERARD
117 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
118 JORCYK, CHERYL LYNN
119 PENG, CHING-AN
120 PENG, CHING-AN
121 CORNELL, KENNETH A
122 FERGUSON, MATTHEW LEE
123 FERGUSON, MATTHEW LEE
124 FERGUSON, MATTHEW LEE
125 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
126 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
127 LUCKHART, SHIRLEY
128 NUISMER, SCOTT L
129 NUISMER, SCOTT L
130 NUISMER, SCOTT L
131 NUISMER, SCOTT L
132 NUISMER, SCOTT L
133 MORRISON, BRAD
134 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
135 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
136 NAGARAJAN, RAJESH
137 FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
138 FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
139 FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
140 KEEFE, ROBERT FREDERICK
141 KEEFE, ROBERT FREDERICK
142 KEEFE, ROBERT FREDERICK
143 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
144 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
145 PARENT, CHRISTINE
146 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
147 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
148 XIAN, MIN
149 MILLER, CRAIG R
150 REMIEN, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL
151 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
152 MILLER, CRAIG R
153 FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
154 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
155 XIAN, MIN
156 FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
157 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
158 MIURA, TANYA A
159 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
160 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
161 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
162 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
163 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
164 MILLER, CRAIG R
165 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT
166 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
167 WIEST, MICHELLE M
168 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
169 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
170 PATEL, JAGDISH SURESH
171 VAN LEUVEN, JAMES
172 GRIESHABER, NICOLE
173 GRIESHABER, NICOLE
174 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
175 GRIESHABER, SCOTT S
176 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
177 CORNELL, KENNETH A
178 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
179 ROMERO, JARED
180 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
181 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
182 ROMERO, JARED
183 MORRISON, BRAD
184 WARNER, LISA R
185 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
186 WARNER, LISA R
187 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
188 GILLIS, CALVIN
189 ALBIG, ALLAN R
190 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
191 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
192 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
193 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
194 ROMERO, JARED
195 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
196 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
197 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
198 OCHOA-REPARAZ, JAVIER
199 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
200 MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
201 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
202 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
203 CORNELL, KENNETH A
204 ROMERO, JARED
205 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
206 CORNELL, KENNETH A
207 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
208 HIREMATH, MINOTI
209 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
210 THEODOSSIOU, SOPHIA KATERINA
211 MORRISON, BRAD
212 WARNER, LISA R
213 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
214 CORNELL, KENNETH A
215 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
216 CORNELL, KENNETH A
217 MORRISON, BRAD
218 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
219 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
220 FRITZ, SHARON K
221 FRITZ, SHARON K
222 PHILLIPS, SCOTT T
223 ROHN, TROY T
224 ROHN, TROY T
225 ROHN, TROY T
226 FORNEY, LARRY J
227 FORNEY, LARRY J
228 FORNEY, LARRY J
229 FORNEY, LARRY J
230 FORNEY, LARRY J
231 ALBIG, ALLAN R
232 HUGHES, WILLIAM L.
233 HUGHES, WILLIAM L.
234 HUGHES, WILLIAM L.
235 FUERST, PETER GERARD
236 FUERST, PETER GERARD
237 TOP, EVA M.
238 TOP, EVA M.
239 TOP, EVA M.
240 TOP, EVA M.
241 TOP, EVA M.
242 TOP, EVA M.
243 TOP, EVA M.
244 TOP, EVA M.
245 JOYCE, PAUL
246 MILLER, CRAIG R
247 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
248 MILLER, CRAIG R
249 MILLER, CRAIG R
250 MILLER, CRAIG R
251 FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
252 FORTUNATO, ELIZABETH A
253 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
254 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
255 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
256 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
257 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
258 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
259 MINNICH, SCOTT A
260 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
261 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
262 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
263 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
264 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
265 CORNELL, KENNETH A
266 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
267 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
268 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
269 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
270 CORNELL, KENNETH A
271 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
272 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
273 MINNICH, SCOTT A
274 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
275 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
276 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
277 CORNELL, KENNETH A
278 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
279 MINNICH, SCOTT A
280 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
281 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
282 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
283 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
284 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
285 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
286 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
287 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
288 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
289 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
290 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
291 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
292 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
293 STENKAMP, DEBORAH L
294 LYON, ROBERT T.
295 LYON, ROBERT T.
296 LYON, ROBERT T.
297 SETTLES, MATTHEW
298 COOPER, TOMMYE
299 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
300 REMIEN, CHRISTOPHER HASKELL
301 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
302 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
303 FOSTER, JAMES A
304 GILLIS, CALVIN
305 CORNELL, KENNETH A
306 ALBIG, ALLAN R
307 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
308 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
309 ALBIG, ALLAN R
310 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
311 WIEST, MICHELLE M
312 FORNEY, LARRY J
313 SETTLES, MATTHEW
314 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
315 MIURA, TANYA A
316 FORNEY, LARRY J
317 SETTLES, MATTHEW
318 ALBIG, ALLAN R
319 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
320 MINNICH, SCOTT A
321 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
322 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT
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324 BEARD, RICHARD SCOTT
325 MORRISON, BRAD
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328 ALBIG, ALLAN R
329 HIREMATH, MINOTI
330 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
331 CORNELL, KENNETH A
332 LUJAN, TREVOR JUSTIN
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334 HIREMATH, MINOTI
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336 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT
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338 MIURA, TANYA A
339 MIURA, TANYA A
340 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
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342 LYON, ROBERT T.
343 FOSTER, JAMES A
344 MINNICH, SCOTT A
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346 CORNELL, KENNETH A
347 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
348 GILLIS, CALVIN
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350 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
351 WIEST, MICHELLE M
352 CORNELL, KENNETH A
353 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
354 MINNICH, SCOTT A
355 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
356 GILLIS, CALVIN
357 COOPER, TOMMYE
358 CORNELL, KENNETH A
359 HIREMATH, MINOTI
360 MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
361 MIURA, TANYA A
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363 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT
364 PARENT, CHRISTINE
365 BAUMGAERTNER, BERT
366 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
367 FOSTER, JAMES A
368 MINNICH, SCOTT A
369 FORNEY, LARRY J
370 MINNICH, SCOTT A
371 CORNELL, KENNETH A
372 XIAN, MIN
373 FOSTER, JAMES A
374 MINNICH, SCOTT A
375 COOPER, TOMMYE
376 OXFORD, JULIA THOM
377 MITCHELL, KRISTEN ANDREA
378 FORNEY, LARRY J
379 BOHACH, CAROLYN HOVDE
380 FOSTER, JAMES A
381 FORNEY, LARRY J
382 WIEST, MICHELLE M
383 PARENT, CHRISTINE
384 MINNICH, SCOTT A
385 COOPER, TOMMYE
386 WICHMAN, HOLLY A
387 CORNELL, KENNETH A
388 WIEST, MICHELLE M
389 PARENT, CHRISTINE
390 MILLER, CRAIG R
391 FU, AUDREY QIUYAN
392 ROMERO, JARED
393 FITZPATRICK, CLARE
394 WARNER, LISA R
395 HIREMATH, MINOTI
396 LYON, ROBERT T.
program_officers
1 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
2 NULL
3 NULL
4 NULL
5 NULL
6 NULL
7 NULL
8 Han, , Nguyen, Han Nguyen
9 LAURIE, ELIZABETH, Stepanek, LAURIE ELIZABETH Stepanek
10 LAWRENCE, A., BECK, LAWRENCE A. BECK
11 NULL
12 NULL
13 NULL
14 OLGA, NIKOLAEVNA, Kovbasnjuk, OLGA NIKOLAEVNA Kovbasnjuk
15 NULL
16 NULL
17 NULL
18 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
19 Yunling, , Gao, Yunling Gao
20 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
21 Alec, , Ritchie, Alec Ritchie
22 Alec, , Ritchie, Alec Ritchie
23 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
24 URSULA, , UTZ, URSULA UTZ
25 KADIR, , Aslan, KADIR Aslan
26 KADIR, , Aslan, KADIR Aslan
27 ROBERT, D., RIDDLE, ROBERT D. RIDDLE
28 YANG, , Shi, YANG Shi
29 Adriana, , Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana Costero-Saint Denis
30 Adriana, , Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana Costero-Saint Denis
31 FLAUBERT, , Tchantchou, FLAUBERT Tchantchou
32 Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
33 Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
34 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
35 JOSEPH, KOFI, Agyin, JOSEPH KOFI Agyin
36 Xincheng, , Zheng, Xincheng Zheng
37 MORIA, FISHER, Bittmann, MORIA FISHER Bittmann
38 Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
39 Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
40 Dimitrios, Nikolaos, Vatakis, Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
41 Dimitrios, Nikolaos, Vatakis, Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
42 Michael, , Freed, Michael Freed
43 Victor, , Lushin, Victor Lushin
44 Nataliya, , Gordiyenko, Nataliya Gordiyenko
45 Nataliya, , Gordiyenko, Nataliya Gordiyenko
46 BRUNILDE, M, Gril, BRUNILDE M Gril
47 Nataliya, , Gordiyenko, Nataliya Gordiyenko
48 neeraj, , agarwal, neeraj agarwal
49 neeraj, , agarwal, neeraj agarwal
50 neeraj, , agarwal, neeraj agarwal
51 George, Ann, McKie, George Ann McKie
52 Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca Bosetti
53 Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca Bosetti
54 Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca Bosetti
55 Francesca, , Bosetti, Francesca Bosetti
56 LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
57 LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
58 LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
59 VIVIANA, , Perez Montes, VIVIANA Perez Montes
60 LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
61 LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
62 LEONID, V, TSAP, LEONID V TSAP
63 Ronald, , Adkins, Ronald Adkins
64 ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
65 ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
66 ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
67 ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
68 ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
69 ANDRE, W., PHILLIPS, ANDRE W. PHILLIPS
70 HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
71 HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
72 HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
73 HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
74 HOUMAM, H, ARAJ, HOUMAM H ARAJ
75 Xincheng, , Zheng, Xincheng Zheng
76 Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
77 Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
78 Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
79 Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
80 Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
81 Mary, Catherine, Acri, Mary Catherine Acri
82 ROBERT, D., RIDDLE, ROBERT D. RIDDLE
83 ROBERT, D., RIDDLE, ROBERT D. RIDDLE
84 Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
85 Leah, Rebecca, Vincent, Leah Rebecca Vincent
86 LYNDON, , JOSEPH, LYNDON JOSEPH
87 Jessica, , Falcone, Jessica Falcone
88 Andrew, , Bremer, Andrew Bremer
89 DANIEL, J, RAITEN, DANIEL J RAITEN
90 Andrew, , Bremer, Andrew Bremer
91 DANIEL, J, RAITEN, DANIEL J RAITEN
92 KAREN, , WINER, KAREN WINER
93 Yuxia, , Cui, Yuxia Cui
94 Yuxia, , Cui, Yuxia Cui
95 Yuxia, , Cui, Yuxia Cui
96 Carol, A., Shreffler, Carol A. Shreffler
97 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
98 Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
99 Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
100 Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
101 Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
102 David, , Rampulla, David Rampulla
103 David, , Rampulla, David Rampulla
104 Beverly, , Ruffin, Beverly Ruffin
105 Beverly, , Ruffin, Beverly Ruffin
106 John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
107 John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
108 John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
109 John, T., Pesce, John T. Pesce
110 Thomas, , Cheever, Thomas Cheever
111 Mercedes, , Rubio, Mercedes Rubio
112 Mercedes, , Rubio, Mercedes Rubio
113 Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
114 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
115 Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
116 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
117 Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
118 Shakira, M, Nelson, Shakira M Nelson
119 Anthony, R, Welch, Anthony R Welch
120 Anthony, R, Welch, Anthony R Welch
121 Miles, , Fabian, Miles Fabian
122 Michael, T., Bender, Michael T. Bender
123 Dimitrios, Nikolaos, Vatakis, Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
124 Michael, T., Bender, Michael T. Bender
125 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
126 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
127 Adriana, , Costero-Saint Denis, Adriana Costero-Saint Denis
128 Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy Ravichandran
129 Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy Ravichandran
130 Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy Ravichandran
131 Veerasamy, , Ravichandran, Veerasamy Ravichandran
132 Guoqin, , Yu, Guoqin Yu
133 Thomas, , Cheever, Thomas Cheever
134 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
135 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
136 Darren, D., Sledjeski, Darren D. Sledjeski
137 Peter, J., Good, Peter J. Good
138 Daniel, A, Gilchrist, Daniel A Gilchrist
139 Daniel, A, Gilchrist, Daniel A Gilchrist
140 Sharon, , Chiou, Sharon Chiou
141 Joan, , Karr, Joan Karr
142 Sharon, , Chiou, Sharon Chiou
143 Sheila, , Caldwell, Sheila Caldwell
144 NULL
145 NULL
146 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
147 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
148 NULL
149 NULL
150 NULL
151 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
152 NULL
153 NULL
154 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
155 NULL
156 NULL
157 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI Gao
158 NULL
159 Sheila, , Caldwell, Sheila Caldwell
160 ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA Justinova
161 NULL
162 ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA Justinova
163 NULL
164 NULL
165 NULL
166 ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA Justinova
167 NULL
168 NULL
169 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
170 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
171 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
172 NADYA, L., LUMELSKY, NADYA L. LUMELSKY
173 NADYA, L., LUMELSKY, NADYA L. LUMELSKY
174 Thomas, J., Hiltke, Thomas J. Hiltke
175 Thomas, J., Hiltke, Thomas J. Hiltke
176 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI Gao
177 NULL
178 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
179 NULL
180 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI Gao
181 ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA Justinova
182 NULL
183 NULL
184 NULL
185 NULL
186 NULL
187 NULL
188 NULL
189 NULL
190 NULL
191 REGINE, , DOUTHARD, REGINE DOUTHARD
192 Rashada, , Alexander, Rashada Alexander
193 HONGWEI, , Gao, HONGWEI Gao
194 NULL
195 ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA Justinova
196 NULL
197 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
198 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
199 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
200 NULL
201 NULL
202 ZUZANA, , Justinova, ZUZANA Justinova
203 NULL
204 NULL
205 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
206 NULL
207 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
208 NULL
209 NULL
210 NULL
211 NULL
212 NULL
213 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
214 NULL
215 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
216 NULL
217 NULL
218 Crina, , Frincu, Crina Frincu
219 ABRAHAM, , LEVY, ABRAHAM LEVY
220 NULL
221 NULL
222 Miles, , Fabian, Miles Fabian
223 Austin, Jyan-Yu, Yang, Austin Jyan-Yu Yang
224 SUZANA, , PETANCESKA, SUZANA PETANCESKA
225 Austin, Jyan-Yu, Yang, Austin Jyan-Yu Yang
226 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED TAYLOR
227 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED TAYLOR
228 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED TAYLOR
229 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
230 FRED, , TAYLOR, FRED TAYLOR
231 JIANHUA, , Xu, JIANHUA Xu
232 Peter, , Preusch, Peter Preusch
233 Peter, , Preusch, Peter Preusch
234 Peter, , Preusch, Peter Preusch
235 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
236 Thomas, , Greenwell, Thomas Greenwell
237 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
238 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
239 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
240 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
241 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
242 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
243 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
244 Clayton, C, Huntley, Clayton C Huntley
245 Irene, A., Eckstrand, Irene A. Eckstrand
246 Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
247 Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
248 Ronald, , Adkins, Ronald Adkins
249 Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
250 Daniel, E, Janes, Daniel E Janes
251 Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
252 Christopher, E., Beisel, Christopher E. Beisel
253 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
254 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
255 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
256 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
257 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
258 NULL
259 NULL
260 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
261 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
262 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
263 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
264 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
265 NULL
266 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
267 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
268 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
269 NULL
270 NULL
271 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
272 NULL
273 NULL
274 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
275 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
276 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
277 NULL
278 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
279 NULL
280 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
281 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
282 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
283 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
284 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
285 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
286 KRISHAN, , ARORA, KRISHAN ARORA
287 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
288 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
289 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
290 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
291 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
292 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
293 Lisa, , Neuhold, Lisa Neuhold
294 NULL
295 NULL
296 NULL
297 NULL
298 NULL
299 NULL
300 NULL
301 NULL
302 NULL
303 NULL
304 NULL
305 NULL
306 NULL
307 NULL
308 NULL
309 NULL
310 NULL
311 NULL
312 NULL
313 NULL
314 NULL
315 NULL
316 NULL
317 NULL
318 NULL
319 NULL
320 NULL
321 NULL
322 NULL
323 NULL
324 NULL
325 NULL
326 NULL
327 NULL
328 NULL
329 NULL
330 NULL
331 NULL
332 NULL
333 NULL
334 NULL
335 NULL
336 NULL
337 NULL
338 NULL
339 NULL
340 Rashada, , Alexander, Rashada Alexander
341 NULL
342 NULL
343 NULL
344 NULL
345 NULL
346 NULL
347 NULL
348 NULL
349 NULL
350 NULL
351 NULL
352 NULL
353 NULL
354 NULL
355 NULL
356 NULL
357 NULL
358 NULL
359 NULL
360 NULL
361 NULL
362 NULL
363 NULL
364 NULL
365 NULL
366 NULL
367 NULL
368 NULL
369 NULL
370 NULL
371 NULL
372 NULL
373 NULL
374 NULL
375 NULL
376 NULL
377 NULL
378 NULL
379 NULL
380 NULL
381 NULL
382 NULL
383 NULL
384 NULL
385 NULL
386 NULL
387 NULL
388 NULL
389 NULL
390 NULL
391 NULL
392 NULL
393 NULL
394 NULL
395 NULL
396 NULL
agency_ic_fundings
1 2024, 2024, GM, OD, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH Office of the Director, NIGMS, OD, 2004626, 350000
2 2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 461621
3 2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 162320
4 2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153322
5 2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3e+05
6 2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 946131
7 2024, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 331232
8 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 171789
9 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 98616
10 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 263413
11 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 572853
12 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 203323
13 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 161346
14 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2018092
15 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 192585
16 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 725234
17 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 162751
18 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 34078
19 2023, HL, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NHLBI, 408339
20 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 64727
21 2023, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 217496
22 2024, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 12663
23 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
24 2019, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 72993
25 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 408579
26 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 94718
27 2022, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 150000
28 2022, HL, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NHLBI, 408731
29 2023, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 544548
30 2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 556756
31 2022, 2022, GM, OD, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH Office of the Director, NIGMS, OD, 233235, 1
32 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 65006
33 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 65994
34 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 131717
35 2022, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 395436
36 2021, OD, NIH Office of the Director, OD, 113546
37 2021, EB, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIBIB, 530650
38 2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 181821
39 2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 217488
40 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 402174
41 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 52816
42 2022, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 117598
43 2021, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 302958
44 2021, 2021, EY, GM, National Eye Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NEI, NIGMS, 49508, 310398
45 2023, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 359164
46 2020, 2020, CA, GM, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NCI, NIGMS, 86791, 320000
47 2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 348389
48 2021, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 36291
49 2020, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 35775
50 2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 26027
51 2020, 2020, EY, GM, National Eye Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NEI, NIGMS, 37664, 320000
52 2020, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 328437
53 2022, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 330175
54 2023, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 330175
55 2021, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 330175
56 2024, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 252208
57 2021, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 378245
58 2022, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 280956
59 2020, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 281613
60 2022, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 72716
61 2021, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 24239
62 2023, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 280602
63 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 412874
64 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 282309
65 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 282916
66 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 55540
67 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 61038
68 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 280913
69 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 285011
70 2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 287213
71 2019, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 331871
72 2021, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 292596
73 2020, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 307018
74 2023, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 290355
75 2019, 2019, AR, GM, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIAMS, NIGMS, 73704, 320000
76 2022, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 488269
77 2019, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 699388
78 2021, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 76850
79 2021, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 764192
80 2022, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 64584
81 2020, MH, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 657716
82 2019, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 346779
83 2020, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 328079
84 2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 181480
85 2019, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 218355
86 2018, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 409743
87 2018, 2018, EB, GM, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIBIB, NIGMS, 42242, 320000
88 2021, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 443259
89 2019, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 501342
90 2020, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 428679
91 2018, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 587097
92 2022, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 428581
93 2021, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 34347
94 2020, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 150318
95 2019, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 152689
96 2018, ES, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 154530
97 2018, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 31140
98 2018, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362575
99 2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362199
100 2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362003
101 2019, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 362390
102 2018, EB, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIBIB, 68182
103 2019, EB, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIBIB, 67903
104 2019, AA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, 165054
105 2018, AA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, 198529
106 2019, 2019, AI, GM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIAID, NIGMS, 159057, 320000
107 2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 472901
108 2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 460341
109 2018, 2018, AI, GM, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIAID, NIGMS, 171562, 320000
110 2017, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 118577
111 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 268022
112 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 228877
113 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 86400
114 2017, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 197486
115 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 322624
116 2018, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 223490
117 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 322469
118 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 322469
119 2017, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 68748
120 2018, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 68598
121 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 417731
122 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 97574
123 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 392031
124 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 410174
125 2017, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 191625
126 2016, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 175250
127 2016, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 515409
128 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 252945
129 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 252945
130 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 252639
131 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 251392
132 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 367126
133 2016, NS, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, 402631
134 2017, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 181625
135 2016, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 206625
136 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 395813
137 2015, HG, National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, 248993
138 2017, HG, National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, 237916
139 2016, HG, National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, 243539
140 2017, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 274594
141 2015, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 274493
142 2016, OH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH, 274960
143 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2091139
144 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 641562
145 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 352464
146 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2212500
147 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2130681
148 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 199138
149 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 677022
150 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 163515
151 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2206645
152 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 715546
153 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153149
154 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2194934
155 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 181902
156 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 147472
157 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2108907
158 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 320445
159 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2129188
160 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2112664
161 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1138359
162 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 492598
163 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1025023
164 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 764637
165 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 101946
166 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2172986
167 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 674722
168 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1040007
169 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 266181
170 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 156572
171 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 152932
172 2014, DE, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIDCR, 231976
173 2015, DE, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIDCR, 184394
174 2015, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 184134
175 2014, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 229617
176 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290601
177 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 436395
178 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
179 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 321129
180 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1984013
181 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1954982
182 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 279413
183 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 207135
184 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 207135
185 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 835283
186 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 220945
187 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 549049
188 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
189 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
190 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
191 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1996464
192 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2039509
193 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2012176
194 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 298039
195 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
196 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 756021
197 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 701019
198 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 161475
199 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 723429
200 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
201 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 783079
202 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
203 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 481777
204 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 269759
205 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 221708
206 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 573523
207 2023, CA, National Cancer Institute, NCI, 280294
208 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
209 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 899991
210 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 151381
211 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 199980
212 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 199980
213 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
214 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 499020
215 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2107499
216 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 532287
217 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 220945
218 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 723429
219 2014, OD, NIH Office of the Director, OD, 455032
220 NULL
221 NULL
222 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 266950
223 2019, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 407623
224 2013, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 284462
225 2022, AG, National Institute on Aging, NIA, 393050
226 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 998552
227 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1040923
228 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 980492
229 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 940199
230 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1007868
231 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 413575
232 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 136807
233 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 136776
234 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 136807
235 2013, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 224778
236 2014, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 231666
237 2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 81190
238 2020, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 360186
239 2019, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 353975
240 2022, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 366694
241 2013, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 326094
242 2021, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 372076
243 2014, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 346108
244 2018, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 363870
245 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 266408
246 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
247 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 276070
248 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
249 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
250 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290667
251 2013, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 300258
252 2014, AI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 319424
253 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3769328
254 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 131975
255 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3118923
256 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3431871
257 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
258 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305538
259 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883827
260 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153125
261 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
262 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 190515
263 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 848625
264 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 164250
265 2022, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140501
266 2021, OD, NIH Office of the Director, OD, 272427
267 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 737106
268 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
269 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305536
270 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
271 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3247268
272 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305536
273 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883830
274 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 204266
275 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3240905
276 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 58120
277 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
278 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 152010
279 2021, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883830
280 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 131975
281 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3329866
282 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3191459
283 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 3215147
284 2023, HD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 260792
285 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 190515
286 2023, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 848625
287 2013, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 318467
288 2018, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 374028
289 2020, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 367378
290 2022, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 356356
291 2015, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 345130
292 2021, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 356356
293 2019, EY, National Eye Institute, NEI, 426385
294 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 228275
295 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 254367
296 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 168984
297 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 387426
298 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63557
299 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 942423
300 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 163515
301 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2009130
302 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 716598
303 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
304 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
305 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267397
306 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
307 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
308 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 676693
309 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223644
310 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223641
311 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 630422
312 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 520285
313 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 256346
314 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 723773
315 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 330765
316 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 551117
317 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 328895
318 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
319 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2424286
320 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 955080
321 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2032819
322 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 126552
323 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 690498
324 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
325 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
326 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 352262
327 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 74882
328 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223695
329 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
330 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
331 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267397
332 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223692
333 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
334 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
335 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 236323
336 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 125991
337 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2058575
338 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 357858
339 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 333747
340 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 290601
341 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 249462
342 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 100480
343 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
344 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
345 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116269
346 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
347 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 761093
348 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
349 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
350 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 729452
351 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 645260
352 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 140500
353 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2305536
354 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 883830
355 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 733759
356 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 116246
357 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63556
358 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267447
359 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223644
360 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223644
361 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 340683
362 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 277263
363 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 126029
364 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 292045
365 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 156025
366 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2170266
367 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
368 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 1042950
369 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 543270
370 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
371 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 440022
372 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 181902
373 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143771
374 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
375 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63557
376 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 705596
377 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223693
378 2014, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 442142
379 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 2064938
380 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 143773
381 2013, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 434294
382 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 608228
383 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 320513
384 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 975000
385 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 63557
386 2018, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 756284
387 2015, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 267396
388 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 606299
389 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 277653
390 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 731774
391 2020, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 153372
392 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 246379
393 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
394 2019, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 182650
395 2016, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 223694
396 2017, GM, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, 163568
cong_dist
1 ID-01
2 ID-01
3 ID-01
4 ID-01
5 ID-01
6 ID-01
7 ID-01
8 ID-01
9 ID-01
10 ID-01
11 ID-02
12 ID-02
13 ID-02
14 ID-02
15 ID-02
16 ID-02
17 ID-02
18 ID-01
19 ID-02
20 ID-01
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23 ID-02
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25 ID-02
26 ID-02
27 ID-01
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31 ID-02
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33 ID-02
34 ID-02
35 ID-02
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37 ID-02
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39 ID-01
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48 ID-01
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52 ID-02
53 ID-02
54 ID-02
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59 ID-02
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61 ID-02
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63 ID-02
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70 ID-02
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72 ID-02
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77 ID-02
78 ID-02
79 ID-02
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81 ID-02
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90 ID-01
91 ID-01
92 ID-01
93 ID-02
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95 ID-02
96 ID-02
97 ID-01
98 ID-01
99 ID-01
100 ID-01
101 ID-01
102 ID-01
103 ID-01
104 ID-02
105 ID-02
106 ID-01
107 ID-01
108 ID-01
109 ID-01
110 ID-02
111 ID-02
112 ID-02
113 ID-02
114 ID-01
115 ID-02
116 ID-01
117 ID-02
118 ID-02
119 ID-01
120 ID-01
121 ID-02
122 ID-02
123 ID-02
124 ID-02
125 ID-01
126 ID-01
127 ID-01
128 ID-01
129 ID-01
130 ID-01
131 ID-01
132 ID-01
133 ID-02
134 ID-01
135 ID-01
136 ID-02
137 ID-01
138 ID-01
139 ID-01
140 ID-01
141 ID-01
142 ID-01
143 ID-01
144 ID-01
145 ID-01
146 ID-01
147 ID-01
148 ID-01
149 ID-01
150 ID-01
151 ID-01
152 ID-01
153 ID-01
154 ID-01
155 ID-01
156 ID-01
157 ID-01
158 ID-01
159 ID-01
160 ID-01
161 ID-01
162 ID-01
163 ID-01
164 ID-01
165 ID-01
166 ID-01
167 ID-01
168 ID-01
169 ID-01
170 ID-01
171 ID-01
172 ID-01
173 ID-01
174 ID-01
175 ID-01
176 ID-02
177 ID-02
178 ID-02
179 ID-02
180 ID-02
181 ID-02
182 ID-02
183 ID-02
184 ID-02
185 ID-02
186 ID-02
187 ID-02
188 ID-02
189 ID-02
190 ID-02
191 ID-02
192 ID-02
193 ID-02
194 ID-02
195 ID-02
196 ID-02
197 ID-02
198 ID-02
199 ID-02
200 ID-02
201 ID-02
202 ID-02
203 ID-02
204 ID-02
205 ID-02
206 ID-02
207 ID-02
208 ID-02
209 ID-02
210 ID-02
211 ID-02
212 ID-02
213 ID-02
214 ID-02
215 ID-02
216 ID-02
217 ID-02
218 ID-02
219 ID-01
220 ID-01
221 ID-01
222 ID-02
223 ID-02
224 ID-02
225 ID-02
226 ID-01
227 ID-01
228 ID-01
229 ID-01
230 ID-01
231 ID-02
232 ID-02
233 ID-02
234 ID-02
235 ID-01
236 ID-01
237 ID-01
238 ID-01
239 ID-01
240 ID-01
241 ID-01
242 ID-01
243 ID-01
244 ID-01
245 ID-01
246 ID-01
247 ID-01
248 ID-01
249 ID-01
250 ID-01
251 ID-01
252 ID-01
253 ID-01
254 ID-01
255 ID-01
256 ID-01
257 ID-01
258 ID-01
259 ID-01
260 ID-01
261 ID-01
262 ID-01
263 ID-01
264 ID-01
265 ID-01
266 ID-01
267 ID-01
268 ID-01
269 ID-01
270 ID-01
271 ID-01
272 ID-01
273 ID-01
274 ID-01
275 ID-01
276 ID-01
277 ID-01
278 ID-01
279 ID-01
280 ID-01
281 ID-01
282 ID-01
283 ID-01
284 ID-01
285 ID-01
286 ID-01
287 ID-01
288 ID-01
289 ID-01
290 ID-01
291 ID-01
292 ID-01
293 ID-01
294 ID-01
295 ID-01
296 ID-01
297 ID-01
298 ID-01
299 ID-01
300 ID-01
301 ID-01
302 ID-01
303 ID-01
304 ID-02
305 ID-02
306 ID-02
307 ID-02
308 ID-02
309 ID-02
310 ID-02
311 ID-01
312 ID-01
313 ID-01
314 ID-01
315 ID-01
316 ID-01
317 ID-01
318 ID-02
319 ID-01
320 ID-01
321 ID-01
322 ID-01
323 ID-02
324 ID-02
325 ID-02
326 ID-01
327 ID-01
328 ID-02
329 ID-02
330 ID-02
331 ID-02
332 ID-02
333 ID-02
334 ID-02
335 ID-01
336 ID-01
337 ID-01
338 ID-01
339 ID-01
340 ID-02
341 ID-01
342 ID-01
343 ID-01
344 ID-01
345 ID-02
346 ID-01
347 ID-02
348 ID-02
349 ID-02
350 ID-01
351 ID-01
352 ID-01
353 ID-01
354 ID-01
355 ID-02
356 ID-02
357 ID-01
358 ID-02
359 ID-02
360 ID-02
361 ID-01
362 ID-01
363 ID-01
364 ID-01
365 ID-01
366 ID-01
367 ID-01
368 ID-01
369 ID-01
370 ID-01
371 ID-02
372 ID-01
373 ID-01
374 ID-01
375 ID-01
376 ID-02
377 ID-02
378 ID-01
379 ID-01
380 ID-01
381 ID-01
382 ID-01
383 ID-01
384 ID-01
385 ID-01
386 ID-01
387 ID-02
388 ID-01
389 ID-01
390 ID-01
391 ID-01
392 ID-02
393 ID-02
394 ID-02
395 ID-02
396 ID-01
spending_categories
1 NULL
2 NULL
3 NULL
4 NULL
5 NULL
6 NULL
7 NULL
8 NULL
9 NULL
10 NULL
11 NULL
12 NULL
13 NULL
14 NULL
15 NULL
16 NULL
17 NULL
18 NULL
19 NULL
20 NULL
21 NULL
22 NULL
23 NULL
24 NULL
25 NULL
26 NULL
27 118, 238, 276, 453, 525, 679
28 108, 140, 272, 276, 299, 796, 803
29 NULL
30 89, 338, 437, 525, 729, 881
31 101, 108
32 NULL
33 3641, 3584
34 101, 108, 731, 796, 803
35 120, 132, 3724
36 89, 101, 329
37 101, 4835, 5009, 246, 338
38 276, 338, 784
39 276, 338, 784
40 276
41 276
42 89, 4998, 443
43 89, 4998, 443
44 259, 520, 525, 731
45 NULL
46 120, 132, 257, 3999, 3724
47 259, 520, 525, 731
48 259, 276, 320, 525
49 259, 276, 320, 525
50 259, 276, 320, 525
51 259, 520, 525, 731
52 69, 118, 474, 520, 525
53 69, 118, 474, 520, 525
54 NULL
55 69, 118, 474, 520, 525
56 NULL
57 31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
58 31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
59 31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
60 31, 101, 276, 560, 3395, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
61 31, 3641, 3584, 560, 701, 731, 796, 803, 3724
62 NULL
63 NULL
64 NULL
65 NULL
66 3641, 3584
67 3641, 3584
68 NULL
69 NULL
70 31, 259
71 31, 259
72 31, 259
73 31, 259
74 NULL
75 101, 108
76 89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 4998, 298, 443, 679, 4793
77 89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 298, 443, 679
78 101, 176, 180, 4998, 298, 443, 679
79 89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 4998, 298, 443, 679, 4793
80 89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 4998, 298, 443, 679, 4793
81 89, 101, 176, 180, 187, 298, 443, 679, 4793
82 229, 176, 2382, 525, 679, 729
83 229, 176, 2382, 525, 679
84 246, 276, 338, 784
85 246, 276, 338, 784
86 31, 101, 176, 372
87 101, 338
88 3932, 176, 3810, 4243, 3584, 536, 701, 3724
89 3932, 176, 4243, 536, 701
90 3932, 176, 3810, 4243, 3584, 536, 701, 3724
91 3932, 176, 536, 701
92 3932, 176, 3810, 4243, 3584, 536, 701, 3724
93 101, 176, 180, 3641, 536, 3920, 770, 3724
94 101, 176, 180, 3641, 536, 3920, 3724
95 101, 176, 180, 536, 3920
96 101, 176, 536, 3920
97 259, 276, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
98 2382, 338, 525, 679
99 2382, 338, 525, 679
100 2382, 338, 525, 679
101 2382, 338, 525, 679
102 101, 731, 796, 803
103 101, 731, 796, 803
104 36, 89, 176, 180, 679, 817, 867, 3265
105 36, 89, 176, 180, 679, 817, 867, 3265
106 232, 338, 437, 729, 881
107 232, 338, 437, 729, 881
108 232, 338, 437, 729, 881
109 232, 338, 437, 729, 881
110 31, 118, 276, 520, 525, 624
111 NULL
112 NULL
113 176, 3641, 3584
114 31, 259, 276, 525
115 176, 3641, 3584
116 31, 259, 276, 525
117 176, 3641, 3584
118 176
119 101, 108, 132, 272, 276
120 101, 108, 132, 272, 276
121 108, 232, 246, 338
122 NULL
123 101, 108, 120, 132, 1393, 4835, 5005, 246, 276, 320, 338, 3724
124 108, 276
125 259, 525, 679, 689, 729, 731, 796, 803
126 259, 525, 679, 689, 729, 731, 796, 803
127 NULL
128 101, 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
129 101, 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
130 101, 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
131 108, 246, 331, 338, 701, 877
132 NULL
133 31, 118, 276, 520, 525, 624
134 259, 520, 525, 731, 796, 803
135 259, 520, 525, 731, 796, 803
136 NULL
137 108, 120, 132, 276, 320
138 108, 120, 132, 1393, 276, 320
139 108, 120, 132, 1393, 276, 320
140 NULL
141 NULL
142 NULL
143 NULL
144 NULL
145 338
146 NULL
147 NULL
148 101, 229, 120, 132, 4372, 329, 701, 3724
149 NULL
150 338, 4243
151 NULL
152 NULL
153 101, 120, 132, 275, 276, 3724
154 NULL
155 101, 229, 120, 132, 4372, 329, 701, 3724
156 101, 120, 132, 275, 276, 3724
157 NULL
158 338, 408
159 NULL
160 NULL
161 NULL
162 89, 176, 4835, 246, 338, 701, 770, 4793
163 NULL
164 NULL
165 89, 338
166 NULL
167 NULL
168 NULL
169 NULL
170 NULL
171 NULL
172 108, 216, 232, 276, 338
173 108, 216, 232, 276, 338
174 276, 338, 536, 784
175 276, 338, 536, 784
176 NULL
177 108
178 NULL
179 NULL
180 NULL
181 NULL
182 101
183 118, 520, 525, 624
184 276
185 NULL
186 69, 276, 779
187 NULL
188 NULL
189 140
190 101, 372, 731, 732
191 NULL
192 NULL
193 NULL
194 101
195 NULL
196 NULL
197 101, 4835
198 NULL
199 NULL
200 171, 232, 276, 400
201 NULL
202 NULL
203 101
204 101
205 101, 731
206 NULL
207 NULL
208 120, 132, 701
209 NULL
210 NULL
211 118, 520, 525, 624
212 69, 276, 779
213 NULL
214 101
215 NULL
216 101
217 118, 520, 525, 624
218 NULL
219 108, 525
220 NULL
221 NULL
222 NULL
223 2597, 31, 40, 3246, 108, 118, 2067, 276, 520, 525
224 31, 40, 118, 2067, 520, 525
225 2597, 31, 40, 3246, 81, 89, 118, 140, 2067, 276, 443, 520, 525
226 NULL
227 NULL
228 NULL
229 NULL
230 NULL
231 NULL
232 101, 108, 132, 176, 276, 408, 409, 496
233 101, 108, 132, 176, 276, 408, 409, 496
234 101, 108, 132, 176, 276, 408, 409, 496
235 259, 276, 525
236 118, 238, 259, 276, 453, 525
237 50, 92, 246, 276, 3641, 338, 3584
238 50, 92, 246, 338
239 50, 92, 246, 338
240 50, 92, 246, 338
241 50, 92, 246, 276, 338
242 50, 92, 246, 338
243 50, 92, 246, 276, 338
244 50, 92, 246, 338
245 276
246 108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
247 101, 276
248 108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
249 108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
250 108, 276, 331, 338, 701, 877
251 276, 318, 338, 525, 679, 796, 803
252 276, 318, 338, 525, 679, 689, 796, 803
253 NULL
254 NULL
255 176
256 NULL
257 NULL
258 176
259 176
260 101, 229, 176, 4531, 259, 276, 4372, 329, 525, 731
261 NULL
262 NULL
263 NULL
264 176
265 176
266 44, 3932, 176, 224, 3641, 3810, 4764, 3584, 536, 679, 770, 4793, 3724
267 108, 176, 4835, 5011, 246, 3641, 338, 770, 4793
268 NULL
269 176
270 176
271 NULL
272 NULL
273 NULL
274 NULL
275 NULL
276 176
277 NULL
278 117, 118, 132, 176, 525, 729
279 176
280 176
281 NULL
282 NULL
283 NULL
284 NULL
285 NULL
286 NULL
287 108, 259, 276, 525, 796, 803
288 259, 276, 436, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
289 259, 276, 3641, 436, 3584, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
290 259, 276, 3641, 436, 3584, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
291 108, 259, 276, 525, 731, 796, 802
292 259, 276, 3641, 436, 3584, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
293 259, 276, 436, 520, 525, 731, 796, 798, 799, 800, 801, 803
294 101
295 101
296 101
297 276, 320
298 44
299 NULL
300 338, 4243
301 NULL
302 NULL
303 101, 329
304 NULL
305 108
306 140
307 101, 372, 731, 732
308 NULL
309 140
310 101, 372, 731, 732
311 NULL
312 NULL
313 108, 276, 320
314 NULL
315 338, 408
316 NULL
317 108, 276, 320
318 140
319 176
320 176
321 NULL
322 89, 101, 338
323 NULL
324 69, 118, 3466, 474, 520, 525
325 118, 520, 525, 624
326 276, 320
327 44
328 140
329 120, 132, 701
330 101, 372, 731, 732
331 108
332 101, 372, 731, 732
333 171, 232, 276, 400
334 120, 3932, 132
335 276, 320
336 89, 338
337 NULL
338 338, 408
339 338, 408
340 NULL
341 101, 108
342 101, 329
343 101, 329
344 NULL
345 NULL
346 176
347 NULL
348 NULL
349 171, 232, 276, 400
350 NULL
351 NULL
352 176
353 176
354 176
355 NULL
356 NULL
357 44
358 108
359 120, 3932, 132
360 171, 232, 276, 400
361 338, 408
362 338
363 101, 338
364 338
365 101, 338
366 NULL
367 101, 329
368 NULL
369 NULL
370 NULL
371 101
372 101, 229, 120, 132, 4372, 329, 701, 3724
373 101, 329
374 NULL
375 44
376 NULL
377 171, 232, 276, 400
378 NULL
379 NULL
380 101, 329
381 276, 320
382 NULL
383 338
384 NULL
385 44, 770
386 NULL
387 108
388 NULL
389 338
390 NULL
391 101, 120, 132, 275, 276, 3724
392 NULL
393 31, 55, 101, 616, 176, 2599, 618, 701, 732
394 69, 276, 779
395 120, 132, 701
396 101, 329
project_start_date project_end_date opportunity_number
1 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
2 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
3 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
4 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
5 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
6 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
7 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z 2029-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-22-250
8 2023-09-26T12:09:00Z 2026-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-23-003
9 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z 2028-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-22-125
10 2023-07-03T12:07:00Z 2028-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-20-153
11 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
12 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
13 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
14 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
15 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
16 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
17 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z 2028-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-19-313
18 2023-03-17T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
19 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z 2026-02-28T12:02:00Z PAR-21-155
20 2023-02-27T12:02:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
21 2023-01-23T12:01:00Z 2024-12-31T12:12:00Z PA-20-195
22 2023-01-23T12:01:00Z 2025-12-31T12:12:00Z PA-20-195
23 2022-11-01T12:11:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
24 2022-10-20T12:10:00Z 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-21-268
25 2022-09-20T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-21-155
26 2022-09-20T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-20-272
27 2022-09-08T12:09:00Z 2023-02-15T12:02:00Z PA-20-200
28 2022-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-21-155
29 2022-08-08T12:08:00Z 2026-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-20-185
30 2022-08-08T12:08:00Z 2026-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-20-185
31 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-21-125
32 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z 2027-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-19-299
33 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z 2027-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-19-299
34 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
35 2022-04-18T12:04:00Z 2025-03-31T12:03:00Z PAR-21-155
36 2021-09-23T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-20-272
37 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-20-084
38 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-20-195
39 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-20-195
40 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-714
41 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
42 2021-03-11T12:03:00Z 2024-02-29T12:02:00Z PAR-19-275
43 2021-03-11T12:03:00Z 2023-02-28T12:02:00Z PAR-19-275
44 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-19-056
45 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-19-056
46 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-18-714
47 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-19-056
48 2020-08-16T12:08:00Z 2023-08-15T12:08:00Z PA-19-195
49 2020-08-16T12:08:00Z 2023-08-15T12:08:00Z PA-19-195
50 2020-08-16T12:08:00Z 2023-02-15T12:02:00Z PA-19-195
51 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-19-056
52 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-19-056
53 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-19-056
54 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-19-056
55 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z 2025-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-19-056
56 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-442
57 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-442
58 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-442
59 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-442
60 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-442
61 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-18-592
62 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-442
63 2020-02-01T12:02:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-18-714
64 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-18-484
65 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-18-484
66 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-21-071
67 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-18-484
68 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-18-484
69 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-18-484
70 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-18-484
71 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-18-484
72 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-18-484
73 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-18-484
74 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-18-484
75 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-18-504
76 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-007
77 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-007
78 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-222
79 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-007
80 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-007
81 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-007
82 2019-04-01T12:04:00Z 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-18-484
83 2019-04-01T12:04:00Z 2021-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-18-484
84 2018-12-07T12:12:00Z 2021-11-30T12:11:00Z PA-18-489
85 2018-12-07T12:12:00Z 2020-11-30T12:11:00Z PA-18-489
86 2018-09-30T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-16-200
87 2018-09-19T12:09:00Z 2022-03-20T12:03:00Z PA-16-200
88 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-16-366
89 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-16-366
90 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-16-366
91 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-16-366
92 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-16-366
93 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-20-272
94 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-360
95 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-360
96 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-360
97 2018-08-12T12:08:00Z 2020-08-15T12:08:00Z PA-18-586
98 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-16-160
99 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-16-160
100 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-16-160
101 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-16-160
102 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-162
103 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-162
104 2018-07-01T12:07:00Z 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-15-294
105 2018-07-01T12:07:00Z 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-15-294
106 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-160
107 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-160
108 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-160
109 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-160
110 2017-09-15T12:09:00Z 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-16-288
111 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-110
112 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-110
113 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-18-591
114 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-16-161
115 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-110
116 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-16-161
117 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-110
118 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-16-110
119 2017-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-14-007
120 2017-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-14-007
121 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-16-200
122 2017-05-17T12:05:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-20-272
123 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-21-155
124 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-16-200
125 2016-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-13-303
126 2016-09-30T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-13-303
127 2016-08-19T12:08:00Z 2018-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-13-302
128 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z RFA-GM-16-570
129 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z RFA-GM-16-570
130 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z RFA-GM-16-570
131 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z RFA-GM-16-570
132 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z 2027-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-20-185
133 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-13-313
134 2016-04-01T12:04:00Z 2019-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-13-303
135 2016-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-13-303
136 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-13-313
137 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z 2018-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-11-197
138 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-11-197
139 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z 2018-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-11-197
140 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-14-175
141 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-14-175
142 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z PAR-14-175
143 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
144 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
145 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
146 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
147 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
148 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
149 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
150 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
151 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
152 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
153 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
154 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
155 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
156 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
157 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
158 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
159 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
160 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z PAR-14-035
161 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
162 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-18-935
163 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
164 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
165 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
166 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
167 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-14-035
168 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
169 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-20-272
170 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
171 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z 2025-06-30T12:06:00Z PAR-19-312
172 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-13-303
173 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-13-303
174 2014-08-15T12:08:00Z 2017-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-13-303
175 2014-08-15T12:08:00Z 2016-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-13-303
176 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
177 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
178 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
179 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
180 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
181 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
182 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
183 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
184 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
185 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
186 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
187 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
188 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
189 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
190 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
191 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
192 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
193 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
194 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
195 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
196 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
197 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-18-935
198 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
199 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-20-272
200 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
201 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
202 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
203 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
204 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
205 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-20-272
206 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
207 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-20-272
208 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-11-286
209 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
210 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
211 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
212 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
213 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
214 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
215 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
216 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
217 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-18-264
218 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-20-272
219 2014-05-15T12:05:00Z 2015-09-14T12:09:00Z PAR-13-008
220 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-09-29T12:09:00Z SM-13-009
221 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-09-29T12:09:00Z SM-13-009
222 2013-07-01T12:07:00Z 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-16-285
223 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z PA-18-504
224 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z 2017-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-12-006
225 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-21-155
226 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
227 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
228 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2018-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
229 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
230 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
231 2012-09-01T12:09:00Z 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-13-313
232 2011-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-10-062
233 2011-09-30T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-10-062
234 2011-09-30T12:09:00Z 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-10-062
235 2010-09-01T12:09:00Z 2015-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-07-070
236 2010-09-01T12:09:00Z 2016-08-31T12:08:00Z PA-07-070
237 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-222
238 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-16-160
239 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-16-160
240 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-16-160
241 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-07-070
242 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-16-160
243 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-07-070
244 2010-05-01T12:05:00Z 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-16-160
245 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-10-067
246 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2022-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-16-160
247 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-10-067
248 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-16-160
249 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2022-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-16-160
250 2006-02-01T12:02:00Z 2022-03-31T12:03:00Z PA-16-160
251 2002-12-15T12:12:00Z 2014-11-30T12:11:00Z PA-07-070
252 2002-12-15T12:12:00Z 2016-11-30T12:11:00Z PA-07-070
253 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
254 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
255 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2014-05-31T12:05:00Z PAR-08-150
256 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
257 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
258 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
259 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
260 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
261 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
262 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
263 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
264 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
265 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
266 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
267 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-18-935
268 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
269 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
270 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
271 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
272 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
273 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
274 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
275 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
276 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
277 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
278 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-18-591
279 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
280 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
281 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-18-262
282 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
283 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
284 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
285 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
286 2001-09-30T12:09:00Z 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z PA-20-272
287 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2015-06-30T12:06:00Z PA-07-070
288 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-160
289 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-160
290 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z PA-16-160
291 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2017-09-29T12:09:00Z PA-13-302
292 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-160
293 1998-06-01T12:06:00Z 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z PA-16-160
294 <NA> 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
295 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
296 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
297 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
298 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
299 <NA> <NA> PAR-19-312
300 <NA> <NA> PAR-19-312
301 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
302 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
303 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
304 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
305 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
306 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
307 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
308 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
309 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
310 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
311 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
312 <NA> 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
313 <NA> 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
314 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
315 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
316 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
317 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
318 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
319 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
320 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
321 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
322 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z PAR-14-035
323 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
324 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
325 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
326 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
327 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
328 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
329 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
330 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
331 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
332 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
333 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
334 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
335 <NA> 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
336 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
337 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
338 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
339 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z PAR-14-035
340 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
341 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
342 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
343 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
344 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
345 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
346 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
347 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
348 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
349 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
350 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z PAR-14-035
351 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z PAR-14-035
352 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
353 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
354 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-262
355 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
356 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
357 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
358 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
359 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
360 <NA> 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z PAR-11-286
361 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
362 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
363 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
364 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
365 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
366 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
367 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
368 <NA> 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z PAR-12-205
369 <NA> 2016-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
370 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
371 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
372 <NA> <NA> PAR-19-312
373 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
374 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
375 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
376 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
377 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
378 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
379 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
380 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
381 <NA> <NA> PAR-10-196
382 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
383 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
384 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
385 <NA> <NA> PAR-12-205
386 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
387 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
388 <NA> <NA> PAR-14-035
389 <NA> 2020-07-19T12:07:00Z PAR-14-035
390 <NA> <NA> PAR-19-312
391 <NA> <NA> PAR-19-312
392 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
393 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
394 <NA> <NA> PAR-18-264
395 <NA> <NA> PAR-11-286
396 <NA> 2019-01-31T12:01:00Z PAR-10-196
award_notice_date is_new mechanism_code_dc core_project_num
1 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
2 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
3 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
4 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
5 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
6 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
7 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z TRUE RC P20GM152304
8 2023-09-25T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01GM152736
9 2023-07-26T12:07:00Z FALSE TI T34GM142620
10 2023-07-03T12:07:00Z FALSE OR R25GM150142
11 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
12 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
13 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
14 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
15 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
16 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
17 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM148321
18 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
19 2023-02-17T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R15HL167130
20 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
21 2023-01-23T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R21AI175749
22 2024-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R21AI175749
23 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
24 2023-02-09T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R15NS107743
25 2022-09-16T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R15GM148920
26 2023-06-26T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R15GM148920
27 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R03NS130141
28 2022-08-11T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R15HL165397
29 2023-06-26T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01AI165481
30 2022-08-08T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01AI165481
31 2022-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE OR S10OD032354
32 2023-08-18T12:08:00Z FALSE TI T34GM146634
33 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z FALSE TI T34GM146634
34 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
35 2022-04-18T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R15CA271157
36 2021-09-23T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R15AR075314
37 2021-07-28T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R21EB031257
38 2022-06-16T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R21AI163870
39 2021-07-12T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R21AI163870
40 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R15GM141770
41 2022-06-20T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R15GM141770
42 2022-02-24T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R21MH126076
43 2021-03-11T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R21MH126076
44 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030467
45 2023-08-23T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030467
46 2020-08-25T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R15CA242471
47 2022-08-22T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030467
48 2021-07-26T12:07:00Z FALSE TR F31EY031962
49 2020-07-23T12:07:00Z FALSE TR F31EY031962
50 2022-08-12T12:08:00Z FALSE TR F31EY031962
51 2020-07-22T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030467
52 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01NS110934
53 2022-04-14T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01NS110934
54 2023-04-07T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01NS110934
55 2021-04-23T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01NS110934
56 2024-01-29T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
57 2021-02-17T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
58 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
59 2020-02-28T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
60 2022-02-03T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
61 2020-11-13T12:11:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
62 2023-04-18T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01AG059923
63 2020-01-27T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R15GM134501
64 2020-08-18T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01GM127675
65 2021-07-28T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01GM127675
66 2021-09-14T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01GM127675
67 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01GM127675
68 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01GM127675
69 2022-07-29T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01GM127675
70 2022-06-24T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030067
71 2019-07-02T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030067
72 2021-06-16T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030067
73 2020-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030067
74 2023-06-09T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01EY030067
75 2019-08-13T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R15AR075314
76 2022-04-29T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01MH119127
77 2019-05-09T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01MH119127
78 2021-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R01MH119127
79 2021-05-14T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01MH119127
80 2022-05-03T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01MH119127
81 2020-05-18T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01MH119127
82 2019-03-27T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R01NS111283
83 2020-03-27T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R01NS111283
84 2019-11-26T12:11:00Z FALSE RP R21AI135691
85 2018-12-07T12:12:00Z FALSE RP R21AI135691
86 2018-09-20T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R15AG059655
87 2018-09-18T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R15EB024930
88 2021-07-12T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01HD092297
89 2019-07-02T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01HD092297
90 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01HD092297
91 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01HD092297
92 2022-06-20T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01HD092297
93 2021-08-17T12:08:00Z FALSE OR K01ES028745
94 2020-08-06T12:08:00Z FALSE OR K01ES028745
95 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE OR K01ES028745
96 2018-08-29T12:08:00Z FALSE OR K01ES028745
97 2018-09-13T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
98 2018-08-07T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01AI139503
99 2020-07-17T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01AI139503
100 2021-07-15T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01AI139503
101 2019-07-23T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01AI139503
102 2018-07-24T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R03EB024134
103 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R03EB024134
104 2019-06-28T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R21AA023880
105 2018-06-19T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R21AA023880
106 2019-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01AI131609
107 2020-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01AI131609
108 2021-05-11T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01AI131609
109 2018-05-25T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01AI131609
110 2017-09-05T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R15NS096702
111 2018-08-27T12:08:00Z FALSE OR R25GM123927
112 2017-08-18T12:08:00Z FALSE OR R25GM123927
113 2020-09-04T12:09:00Z FALSE OR R25GM123927
114 2017-08-22T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R21EY028297
115 2021-09-09T12:09:00Z FALSE OR R25GM123927
116 2018-08-27T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R21EY028297
117 2020-09-03T12:09:00Z FALSE OR R25GM123927
118 2019-09-09T12:09:00Z FALSE OR R25GM123927
119 2017-07-26T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R03CA216179
120 2018-06-20T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R03CA216179
121 2017-06-23T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R15GM125065
122 2023-05-23T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R15GM123446
123 2022-07-26T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R15GM123446
124 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R15GM123446
125 2017-08-10T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R21EY026501
126 2016-09-15T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R21EY026501
127 2017-05-03T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R56AI118926
128 2018-04-25T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01GM122079
129 2019-04-29T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01GM122079
130 2017-04-14T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01GM122079
131 2016-07-26T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R01GM122079
132 2023-09-18T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01GM122079
133 2016-04-15T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R15NS096702
134 2017-03-27T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R21EY026814
135 2016-03-31T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R21EY026814
136 2016-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R15GM117323
137 2015-09-16T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R00HG007368
138 2017-07-07T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R00HG007368
139 2016-06-29T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R00HG007368
140 2017-04-28T12:04:00Z FALSE RP U01OH010841
141 2015-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RP U01OH010841
142 2016-06-20T12:06:00Z FALSE RP U01OH010841
143 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
144 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
145 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
146 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
147 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
148 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
149 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
150 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
151 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
152 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
153 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
154 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
155 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
156 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
157 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
158 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
159 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
160 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
161 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
162 2020-08-14T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
163 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
164 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
165 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
166 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
167 2015-03-13T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
168 2022-09-07T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
169 2023-09-12T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
170 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
171 2023-08-17T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
172 2014-08-14T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R21DE023924
173 2015-08-11T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R21DE023924
174 2015-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R21AI113617
175 2014-07-07T12:07:00Z FALSE RP R21AI113617
176 2016-08-15T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
177 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
178 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
179 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
180 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
181 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
182 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
183 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
184 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
185 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
186 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
187 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
188 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
189 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
190 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
191 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
192 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
193 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
194 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
195 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
196 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
197 2022-06-20T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
198 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
199 2023-08-24T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
200 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
201 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
202 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
203 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
204 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
205 2021-08-13T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
206 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
207 2023-09-05T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
208 2014-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
209 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
210 2023-06-14T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
211 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
212 2020-07-30T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
213 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
214 2022-06-08T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
215 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
216 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
217 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
218 2023-08-24T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
219 2014-05-14T12:05:00Z FALSE OR S10OD018044
220 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z FALSE UK U79SM061459
221 2014-07-10T12:07:00Z FALSE UK U79SM061459
222 2017-05-26T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01GM105686
223 2019-01-23T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R15AG042781
224 2013-05-23T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R15AG042781
225 2022-08-12T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R15AG042781
226 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
227 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
228 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
229 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
230 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
231 2017-01-27T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R15GM102852
232 2014-08-26T12:08:00Z FALSE OR K25GM093233
233 2013-08-30T12:08:00Z FALSE OR K25GM093233
234 2015-09-16T12:09:00Z FALSE OR K25GM093233
235 2013-08-16T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01EY020857
236 2014-08-06T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01EY020857
237 2022-08-15T12:08:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
238 2020-04-09T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
239 2019-03-28T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
240 2022-03-25T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
241 2013-04-03T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
242 2021-04-21T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
243 2014-04-08T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
244 2018-05-15T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01AI084918
245 2013-05-20T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01GM076040
246 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RP R01GM076040
247 2014-04-22T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01GM076040
248 2021-04-21T12:04:00Z FALSE RP R01GM076040
249 2019-02-28T12:02:00Z FALSE RP R01GM076040
250 2020-03-19T12:03:00Z FALSE RP R01GM076040
251 2012-12-03T12:12:00Z FALSE RP R01AI051463
252 2013-11-08T12:11:00Z FALSE RP R01AI051463
253 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
254 2020-08-03T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
255 2013-03-11T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
256 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
257 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
258 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
259 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
260 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
261 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
262 2023-05-08T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
263 2023-09-18T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
264 2019-08-27T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
265 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
266 2021-08-12T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
267 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
268 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
269 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
270 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
271 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
272 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
273 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
274 2023-06-26T12:06:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
275 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
276 2014-08-25T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
277 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
278 2020-08-10T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
279 2021-04-27T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
280 2020-08-03T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
281 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
282 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
283 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
284 2023-09-15T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
285 2023-05-08T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
286 2023-09-18T12:09:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
287 2013-06-06T12:06:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
288 2018-01-26T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
289 2020-01-14T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
290 2022-01-24T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
291 2015-09-18T12:09:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
292 2021-01-26T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
293 2019-01-14T12:01:00Z FALSE RP R01EY012146
294 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
295 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
296 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
297 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
298 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
299 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
300 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
301 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
302 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
303 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
304 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
305 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
306 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
307 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
308 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
309 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
310 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
311 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
312 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
313 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
314 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
315 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
316 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
317 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
318 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
319 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
320 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
321 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
322 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
323 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
324 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
325 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
326 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
327 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
328 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
329 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
330 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
331 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
332 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
333 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
334 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
335 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
336 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
337 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
338 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
339 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
340 2016-08-15T12:08:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
341 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
342 2016-02-02T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
343 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
344 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
345 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
346 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
347 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
348 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
349 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
350 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
351 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
352 2019-04-05T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
353 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
354 2020-04-29T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
355 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
356 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
357 2018-04-20T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
358 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
359 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
360 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
361 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
362 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
363 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
364 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
365 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
366 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
367 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
368 2014-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
369 2015-01-28T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
370 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
371 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
372 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
373 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
374 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
375 2017-05-02T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
376 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
377 2017-05-30T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
378 2014-01-30T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
379 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
380 2015-04-30T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
381 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
382 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
383 2016-02-26T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
384 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
385 2016-05-19T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM103408
386 2018-01-22T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
387 2015-05-13T12:05:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
388 2017-01-18T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
389 2019-02-14T12:02:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
390 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
391 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM104420
392 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
393 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
394 2019-07-25T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
395 2016-07-05T12:07:00Z FALSE RC P20GM109095
396 2017-01-19T12:01:00Z FALSE RC P30GM103324
terms
1 <Women's Health><health care><Healthcare><physical disability><physically disabled><physically handicapped><timeline><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><improved><Area><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Rural><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><healthy food><Health Food><Body fat><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Complex><Source><interest><meetings><meeting><Services><experience><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><Nutrient><Basic Science><Basic Research><outreach><social><reproductive><health disparity><disparity in health><Institution><Address><Evidence based practice><International><Qualifying><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Clinical Nutrition><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><nutritious><Nutritional><Monitor><sex><developmental><Development><preclinical><pre-clinical><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Population><frontier><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><senescent><senescence><critical period><evidence base><Health Inequity><Inequalities in Health><Inequities in Health><health inequalities><early-career faculty><formative assessment><formative evaluation><institutional capacity><gender disparity><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><recruit><Infrastructure><food insecurity><excessive weight gain><extreme weight gain><serious weight gain><severe weight gain><marginalized population><marginalized group><marginalized individual><marginalized people><driving><Automobile Driving><Biomedical Research><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><Critiques><Dedications><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Faculty><Food><Goals><Grant><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Growth><Health><Idaho><Investments><Laboratories><lactating><lactational><Lactation><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Lead><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Longevity><men><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health><Mentors><Mentorship><nutrition><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><Physicians><Impoverished><Poverty><Gestation><Pregnancy><Productivity><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><social role><Role><Students><Time><Translating><Universities><Woman><Work><Gender><Female Health>
2 <Aging><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomy><Anthropometry><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><Biomedical Research><Blood Chemical Analyses><blood chemistry><Blood Chemical Analysis><Body Composition><Respiration Calorimetry><Indirect Calorimetry><Chemistry><Communities><Complement Proteins><complementation><Complement><Computers><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Data Analyses><Data Collection><Dedications><Dietetics><Equipment><Exercise><Faculty><financial assistance><Financial Support><Food><Goals><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Growth><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Intervention Studies><Laboratories><lactating><lactational><Lactation><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Longevity><Maintenance><Methodology><Microbiology><nutrition><Nutritional Assessment><Nutrition Assessment><Physiology><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Gestation><Pregnancy><Productivity><Psychology><Research><Study Type><study design><Research Design><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Running><Science><Diagnostic Findings><Signs and Symptoms><Sociology><Students><Universities><Weight Increase><body weight gain><body weight increase><wt gain><Weight Gain><Weight Loss><Weight Reduction><body weight loss><wt-loss><Body Weight decreased><weights><Weight><technical skills><Technical Expertise><Female Health><Women's Health><Businesses><Specialist><Malnutrition><Nutritional Deficiency><Undernutrition><dietary deficiency><malnourished><nutrition deficiency><nutrition deficiency disorder><nutritional deficiency disorder><human subject><Phase><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Biochemical><Ensure><Training><Discipline><Measurement><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><stable isotope><Metabolic><Genetic><Nature><Nutritional status><Scientist><Services><field study><field based data><field learning><field test><research facility><cohort><Basal metabolic rate><Basal Metabolism><resting metabolic rate><Nutrient><novel><social><Dietary Assessment><Sampling><Ally><Institution><Address><Human Subject Research><International><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><nutritious><Nutritional><Behavioral><mass spectrometer><Clinical assessments><Outcome><Movement science><Kinesiology><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><operations><operation><nutrition science><Nutritional Science><mid-career faculty><associate faculty><associate professor><midcareer faculty><laboratory experience><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><Data Science><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><experiments><health assessment>
3 <Academy><Affect><Anxiety><Parturition><Birth><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Calciol><VitD3><Vitamin D 3><Vitamin D3><Cholecalciferol><Systematics><Classification><Maize Oil><Corn Oil><depression><Mental Depression><Double-Blind Study><Double-Blinded><Double-Masked Method><Double-Masked Study><Double-Blind Method><Future><Geographic Area><Geographic Region><Geographical Location><geographic site><Geographic Locations><Goals><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Growth><Health><Endocrine Gland Secretion><Therapeutic Hormone><Hormones><Aeroseb-HC><Cetacort><Cort-Dome><Cortef><Cortenema><Cortisol><Cortispray><Cortril><Dermacort><Eldecort><Hydrocortone><Hytone><Nutracort><Proctocort><Hydrocortisone><Idaho><Immune Globulins><Immunoglobulins><Infant><baby care><infant health care><infant healthcare><newborn care><Infant Care><infants born premature><infants born prematurely><premature baby><premature infant human><preterm baby><preterm infant><preterm infant human><Premature Infant><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Intervention Studies><lactating><lactational><Lactation><Maternal Health><Medicine><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health><Metabolic Disorder><Thesaurismosis><metabolism disorder><Metabolic Diseases><Milk><Breast Milk><Breastmilk><Human Mother's Milk><Mammary Gland Milk><Mother's Milk><maternal milk><Human Milk><Minerals><Mothers><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><neonatal mortalities><newborn death><newborn mortality><Neonatal Mortality><nutrition><Ocytocin><Recombinant Oxytocin><Oxytocin><Sham Treatment><sham therapy><Placebos><Predisposing Factor><Proteins><Public Health><Questionnaires><Research><Risk><Risk Factors><aberrant sleep><disrupted sleep><disturbed sleep><impaired sleep><irregular sleep><sleep disruption><sleep dysregulation><Sleep disturbances><Stress><sun light><Sunlight><Testing><Time><VIT D><Vitamin D><Vitamin D Deficiency><Vitamins><Weight Increase><body weight gain><body weight increase><wt gain><Weight Gain><Woman><Measures><Female Health><Women's Health><post-partum><Postpartum Period><Premature Birth><Prematurely delivering><Preterm Birth><premature childbirth><premature delivery><preterm delivery><rural area><rural location><rural region><improved><Clinical><Physiological><Physiologic><Infant Health><Link><Post-Natal Depression><Post-Partum Depression><Postnatal Depression><Postpartum Depression><Cutaneous><Blood Serum><Serum><mental><Psyche structure><Rural><Compassion><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><healthy food><Health Food><motherhood><Knowledge><Complex><Salivary><neonatal sepsis><experience><stressor><skin color><Nutrient><prenatal><unborn><immunoregulation><Immunomodulation><immune modulation><immune regulation><immunologic reactivity control><immunomodulatory><immunoregulatory><maternal stress><stressed mothers><Dietary Assessment><Intervention Trial><Interventional trial><Emotional><response><Proteomics><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><vulnerable individual><vulnerable people><Dietary intake><prevent><preventing><solar exposure><sun light exposure><sunlight exposure><Sun Exposure><Data><Motor><Protein Analysis><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Supplementation><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><placebo controlled><Placebo Control><randomized placebo control trial><randomized placebo controlled trial><Outcome><Neonatal><Population><frontier><prospective><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><depressed mother><maternal depression><infant outcome><critical period><clinical care><cognitive development><Vitamin D supplementation><Supplementation with vitamin D><vitamin D supplement><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><maternal weight><high risk population><high risk group><high risk individual><high risk people><health of the mother><stress reduction>
4 <21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Adult><Behavior><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Cause of Death><Systematics><Classification><diabetes><Diabetes Mellitus><Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus><Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><NIDDM><Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Stable Diabetes Mellitus><T2 DM><T2D><T2DM><Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus><Type 2 diabetes><Type II Diabetes Mellitus><Type II diabetes><adult onset diabetes><ketosis resistant diabetes><maturity onset diabetes><type 2 DM><type II DM><type two diabetes><Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><diets><Diet><Cognitive Discrimination><Discrimination><Disorder><Disease><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Experimental Designs><fasted><fasts><Fasting><Food><Gases><Sex Roles><Gender Role><Goals><Health><Salutogenesis><promoting health><Health Promotion><Glycohemoglobin A><Hb A1><Hb A1a+b><Hb A1c><HbA1><HbA1c><Hemoglobin A(1)><hemoglobin A1c><Glycosylated hemoglobin A><Idaho><Immigration><Interview><Laboratories><Laws><Lifestyle><Life Style><male><Memory><men><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health><Methods><mortality><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><nutrition><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Pacific Northwest><Races><racial><racial background><racial origin><Race><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><personal care><Self Care><Stress><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Testing><Time><United States><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><Weight Loss><Weight Reduction><body weight loss><wt-loss><Body Weight decreased><Woman><Gender><Measures><Female Health><Women's Health><health care><Healthcare><Hispanic><Socio-economic status><socio-economic position><socioeconomic position><Socioeconomic Status><improved><Area><Chronic><Variant><Variation><Sex Orientation><Sexual Orientation><Physical activity><mental><Psyche structure><disability><Health Care Utilization><health care service use><healthcare service use><healthcare service utilization><healthcare utilization><health care service utilization><Rural><diabetic><Groups at risk><People at risk><Persons at risk><Populations at Risk><Policies><Disease Progression><Ethnicity><Ethnic Origin><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Patriarchies><Micronutrients><healthy food><Health Food><Spottings><Exposure to><Diabetes Complications><Diabetes-Related Complications><Diabetic Complications><Complications of Diabetes Mellitus><Life><programs><Complex><Event><System><Location><Over weight><Overweight><Services><American><experience><Structure><novel><Categories><disorder risk><disease risk><social><Emotional><Modeling><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><vulnerable individual><vulnerable people><diabetes risk><Dietary intake><prevent><preventing><Address><Data><dietary pattern><Dietary Practices><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><life-style factor><lifestyle factors><Non-Hispanic><Nonhispanic><Not Hispanic or Latino><nutritious><Nutritional><trend><Characteristics><developmental><Development><diabetes prevention program><care giving><caregiving><data integration><food security><Population><frontier><caregiving burden><caregiving stress><care giving burden><Prevalence><Consumption><Trauma><innovate><innovative><innovation><emotional factor><nondiabetic><non-diabetic><high risk><diabetes control><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><racial minority><health care service><healthcare service><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><mortality risk><death risk><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics><ethnic minority><Disparity><Disparities><poor health outcome><reduced health outcome><worse health outcome>
5 <Air><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomy><Anthropometry><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Body Composition><Chemistry><Complement Proteins><complementation><Complement><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Data Analyses><Data Collection><Dietetics><Engineering><Equipment><Faculty><Floor><Food><Future><Goals><Grant><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Disabled Persons><Health><Heating><Idaho><instrumentation><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Intervention Studies><Laboratories><Photoradiation><Light><Microbiology><nutrition><Physiology><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Psychology><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Running><Science><Sociology><Spectroscopy><Spectrum Analyses><Spectrum Analysis><Steam><Students><Technology><Universities><Urine><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><weights><Weight><X-Radiation><X-Ray Radiation><X-ray><Xray><Roentgen Rays><Privacy><Female Health><Women's Health><Malnutrition><Nutritional Deficiency><Undernutrition><dietary deficiency><malnourished><nutrition deficiency><nutrition deficiency disorder><nutritional deficiency disorder><human subject><improved><Area><Surface><repaired><repair><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Biochemical><Discipline><Measurement><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Metabolic><Genetic><Nature><Nutritional status><Scientist><Hour><System><Location><Height><Services><square foot><sq. ft><Basal metabolic rate><Basal Metabolism><resting metabolic rate><Nutrient><novel><social><Dietary Assessment><Sampling><Ally><Address><Symptoms><Dryness><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><nutritious><Nutritional><Behavioral><mass spectrometer><Clinical assessments><Outcome><Movement science><Kinesiology><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><usability><nutrition science><Nutritional Science><Data Science><Americans with Disabilities Act><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><experiments><health assessment><ventilation>
6 <Affect><Award><Budgets><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Critiques><Medical Education><Faculty><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Health Care Providers><Healthcare Providers><Healthcare worker><health care personnel><health care worker><health provider><health workforce><healthcare personnel><medical personnel><treatment provider><Health Personnel><Idaho><Laboratories><Mentors><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><nutrition><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Development and Research><R & D><R&D><research and development><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Risk><Technology><Universities><Career Counseling><Career Guidance><Occupational Guidance><Vocational Counseling><career counselor><executive coaching><Vocational Guidance><Woman><Work><Female Health><Women's Health><Businesses><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><improved><Area><Phase><Ensure><Evaluation><Rural><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Scientist><interest><meetings><meeting><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Services><experience><expectation><member><Reporting><Regulation><career development><scientific organization><Annual Reports><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><vulnerable individual><vulnerable people><Institution><Core Facility><International><Qualifying><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Funding Opportunities><Nutrition Research><Nutritional Study><Process><developmental><Development><Population><frontier><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><high risk><evidence base><faculty mentor><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><agricultural community><recruit><Infrastructure><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics>
7 <Fatty Tissue><adipose><white adipose tissue><yellow adipose tissue><Adipose tissue><Aerobic Activity><Aerobic Training><Aerobic fitness><Aerobic Exercise><ages><Age><Behavior><Body Composition><body perception><Body Image><Body Weight><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Systematics><Classification><co-morbid><co-morbidity><comorbidity><Dancing><Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus><Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><NIDDM><Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes><Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus><Stable Diabetes Mellitus><T2 DM><T2D><T2DM><Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus><Type 2 diabetes><Type II Diabetes Mellitus><Type II diabetes><adult onset diabetes><ketosis resistant diabetes><maturity onset diabetes><type 2 DM><type II DM><type two diabetes><Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus><diets><Diet><Exercise><Female><Future><Goals><Health><Endocrine Gland Secretion><Therapeutic Hormone><Hormones><Vascular Hypertensive Disease><Vascular Hypertensive Disorder><high blood pressure><hyperpiesia><hyperpiesis><hypertensive disease><hypertensive disorder><Hypertension><Idaho><Inflammation><Lifestyle><Life Style><Literature><men><Menstrual cycle><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Metabolism><Methodology><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Muscle><Persons><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><nutrition><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Physical Fitness><pressure><Proteins><Research><Study Type><study design><Research Design><Rest><Risk><Testing><Leanness><Thinness><Universities><weights><Weight><Woman><Work><County><Measures><Female Health><Women's Health><Rural Community><rural area><rural location><rural region><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><Medical><Premenopause><Pre-Menopause><Pre-menopausal Period><Premenopausal><Premenopausal Period><pre-menopausal><premenopausal status><Physical activity><Individual><Rural><Dyslipidemias><Measurement><Oxidative Stress><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Metabolic><Body fat><Prediabetes><Prediabetic State><pre-diabetes><pre-diabetic><prediabetic><Prediabetes syndrome><Visceral><Height><physical health><physical conditioning><college><collegiate><American><experience><novel><Categories><General Population><General Public><epidemiology study><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiology Research><epidemiologic investigation><Intervention Trial><Interventional trial><girls><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Metabolic syndrome><Dietary intake><Body mass index><BMI><BMI percentile><BMI z-score><Quetelet index><fitness><Data><High Prevalence><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Older Population><imaging><Image><designing><design><diet and exercise><Outcome><Nonobese><Non obese><Population><frontier><Prevalence><aged><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><bear children><bearing children><childbearing><child bearing><risk for obesity><risk of obesity><obesity risk><evidence base><early adulthood><emerging adult><adolescent woman><adolescent women><young woman><community center><community centers><exercise intervention><physical activity intervention><Physical Exercise><resistance exercise><resistance training><health care availability><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><Unhealthy Diet><poor diet><systemic inflammatory response><systemic inflammation><obese person><obese individuals><obese people><obese population><obese subjects><dietary><poor health outcome><reduced health outcome><worse health outcome>
8 <Equation><computational suite><experimental study><Innate Immune System><high dimensionality><Etiology><2019-nCoV><Computer Models><large datasets><machine learning method><COVID-19 pandemic><machine learning algorithm><pathogenic virus><Math><immune therapy><immune-based therapies><immune-based treatments><immuno therapy><Grippe><Immunological Factors><immunologic substance><immunological substance><Immune mediated therapy><Immunologically Directed Therapy><immune therapeutic approach><immune therapeutic interventions><immune therapeutic regimens><immune therapeutic strategy><mathematical sciences><Differential Equation><mathematical methods><co-infection><Teaching><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Morbidity><social role><Viral Diseases><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease><immunoregulation><novel><mathematical model><Viral Respiratory Tract Infection><fictional works><prevent><Modeling><attenuation><theories><fiction><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Immune Complex><Disorder><Parameter Estimation><biologic><immune system response><immunoresponse><machine based learning><Immunes><disease severity><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><viral respiratory infection><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Immunomodulation><immune modulation><immune regulation><immunologic reactivity control><immunomodulatory><immunoregulatory><balance><balance function><preventing><Causality><causation><disease causation><influenza infection><Immunological response><host response><prediction model><computational tools><Biological Sciences><designing><Influenza><math sciences><mathematic sciences><Differential Algebraic Equation><Biology><Biomedical Research><Antigen-Antibody Complex><machine learned algorithm><machine learning based algorithm><Computing Methodologies><viral pathogen><virus pathogen><flu virus pandemic><influenza virus pandemic><pandemic flu><pandemic strain of influenza><Equilibrium><Morbidity - disease rate><mortality><Hybrids><Europe><Mus><Disease><Idaho><Family><Pathology><Immune system><Immunologic Factors><Dangerousness><Immunotherapy><Infection><computer based prediction><coinfection><innovate><innovative><Lab Findings><Cellular model><computer algorithm><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CO-V2><SARS-COVID-2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><experiment><experimental research><experiments><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><machine learning based method><machine learning methodologies><innovation><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><pandemic influenza><Biological><COVID pandemic><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID19 crisis><COVID19 epidemic><COVID19 global health crisis><COVID19 global pandemic><COVID19 health crisis><Cell model><COVID19 pandemic><COVID19 public health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-CoV2 epidemic><Address><SARS-CoV2 pandemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><corona virus disease 2019 epidemic><Techniques><System><corona virus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><Viral><Severity of illness><Computational algorithm><human disease><respiratory><flu infection><flu virus infection><infected with flu><infected with flu virus><Immune Targeting><design><infected with influenza><infected with influenza virus><influenza virus infection><Data><predictive modeling><computerized tools><data integration><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Immune response><Therapeutic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><coronavirus disease-19 virus><Dimensions><Immune><Severities><hCoV19><nCoV2><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><large data sets><Event><Virus Diseases><Virus><Educational process of instructing><Play><Testing><Time><Rhinovirus><improved><Mathematics><Training><Scientist><Role><Machine Learning><Science><Methods><Generations><Public Health><Public Policy><Knowledge><Mediating><Universities><sound><Collaborations><Measures><Laboratory Finding><Predictive Value><biological systems><complex biological systems><Molecular><high risk><high reward>
9 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communication><Environment><Goals><Idaho><Learning><Mentors><Research><Science><Self Assessment><Students><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Training Programs><Universities><career><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><interest><college><collegiate><experience><university student><college student><cohort><Bachelor's Degree><Baccalaureate Degree><Undergraduate Degree><Research Training><Pathway interactions><pathway><designing><design><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Underrepresented Students><bridge to the baccalaureate><transfer student><faculty mentor><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><laboratory experience><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><matriculation><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><recruit><financial burden><financial distress><financial strain><financial stress><Financial Hardship><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
10 <Award><Awareness><Belief><Biology><Biomedical Research><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><kids><youngster><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Disease><Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Economics><economic><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Feedback><Florida><Goals><Health><Heterogeneity><Pediatric Hospitals><Children's Hospital><Idaho><Incidence><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><incomes><Intelligence><Learning><literacy><Persons><Public Health><Recommendation><Psychological reinforcement><Reinforcement><Risk><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Testing><Thinking><thoughts><Universities><Vaccination><Virus><County><Misinformation><Hispanic><Ecologic Systems><Ecological Systems><Ecosystem><career><improved><Medical><Non-linear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Nonlinear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Evaluation><Susceptibility><Predisposition><teacher><mental><Psyche structure><Individual><Trust><Rural><Collaborations><tool><instrument><programs><Adopted><Complex><Pattern><System><Country><non-compliance><non-compliant><noncompliance><noncompliant><interest><experience><computer science><skills><simulation><Participant><social><Modeling><Property><Institution><Data><Educational Materials><Reproducibility><Cognitive><Societal Factors><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><designing><design><remediation><infectious disease model><innovate><innovative><innovation><iterative design><combat><multi-modality><multimodality><evidence base><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Social Processes><classroom environment><college atmosphere><collegial atmosphere><collegiate atmosphere><education atmosphere><educational environment><intellectual atmosphere><learning atmosphere><learning environment><school atmosphere><school climate><training atmosphere><university atmosphere><educational atmosphere><Game Based Learning><game development><science museum><informal education><informal instruction><informal learning><education research><formal learning><Data Science><Visualization><data literacy><COVID crisis><COVID epidemic><COVID pandemic><COVID-19 crisis><COVID-19 epidemic><COVID-19 global health crisis><COVID-19 global pandemic><COVID-19 health crisis><COVID-19 public health crisis><COVID19 crisis><COVID19 epidemic><COVID19 global health crisis><COVID19 global pandemic><COVID19 health crisis><COVID19 pandemic><COVID19 public health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 epidemic><SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis><SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic><SARS-CoV-2 pandemic><SARS-CoV2 epidemic><SARS-CoV2 pandemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 epidemic><SARS-coronavirus-2 pandemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 epidemic><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2 pandemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic><corona virus disease 2019 epidemic><corona virus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic><coronavirus disease 2019 global health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis><coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic><coronavirus disease 2019 public health crisis><coronavirus disease crisis><coronavirus disease epidemic><coronavirus disease pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 global pandemic><coronavirus disease-19 pandemic><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global health crisis><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic><COVID-19 pandemic><Economically Deprived><economically disadvantaged><economic disparity><science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine><STEMM><science, technology, engineering, mathematical, and medical science><digital tool><disinformation><disinform>
11 <Award><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Charge><Computers><Data Collection><Engineering><Equipment><Faculty><Goals><Government><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Idaho><Incentives><Industry><instrumentation><Investments><Maintenance><Medical Device><Optics><optical><Personnel Management><Play><Printing><Privatization><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Science><Students><Technology><Testing><Universities><Work><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><Schedule><biomedical resource><sensor><improved><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Contracts><Contracting Opportunities><tool><instrument><programs><System><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><electrical property><Performance><Structure><graduate student><outreach><Devices><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><voucher><Academia><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Microfabrication><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Validation><validations><Process><Development><developmental><web site><website><cost><Advanced Development><innovate><innovative><innovation><data acquisitions><data acquisition><skill development><skill acquisition><engineering design><prototype><industrial partnership><industry partnership><industry partner><operations><operation><recruit teachers><teacher recruitment><Faculty Recruitment><materials science><training opportunity><clinically translatable><clinical translation><applied biomedical sciences><applied biomedical research><Infrastructure><mechanical device><fabrication>
12 <Medical Rehabilitation><Rehabilitation><rehab therapy><rehabilitative><rehabilitative therapy><Cumulative Trauma Disorders><Overuse Injury><Overuse Syndrome><Repetition Strain Injury><Repetitive Motion Disorders><Repetitive Strain Injury><Repetitive stress injury><repetitive motion injury><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Rest><Risk><Robotics><Running><Science><Splint Device><Splints><Standardization><Technology><Testing><tibia><Tibial Fractures><Time><Transducers><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Measures><Walking><injury prevention><injuries><Injury><career><improved><Distal><Surface><repair><repaired><Evaluation><Physical activity><long bone><Individual><Recovery><radiologist><injury of musculoskeletal system (disorder)><injury of musculoskeleted system><musculoskeletal trauma><musculoskeletal injury><Knowledge><Principal Component Analysis><Principal Component Analyses><Severities><Techniques><System><physical conditioning><physical health><Early Diagnosis><early detection><experience><Speed><Participant><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Early identification><Modeling><portability><Leg><Torsion><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><Athletic><Data><Detection><Emerging Technologies><Emergent Technologies><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><injured><Rupture><Outcome><Prevalence><innovate><innovative><innovation><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><analyzing longitudinal><longitudinal analysis><accurate diagnosis><flex circuit><flexible electronics><fracture risk><mechanical load><high risk group><high risk individual><high risk people><high risk population><Radiography><Roentgenography><radiologic imaging><radiological imaging><stress reduction><realtime monitoring><real time monitoring><diagnostic system><diagnostic platform><electronic sensor><electric sensor><ultrasound><Affect><Biomechanics><biomechanical><bone><Bone Matrix><Communities><Diagnosis><Economics><economic><Engineering><Foundations><Fracture><bone fracture><Stress Fractures><Fatigue Fractures><March Fractures><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Incidence><Jogging><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Lower Extremity><Lower Limb><Membrum inferius><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Military Personnel><Armed Forces Personnel><Military><military population><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Motor Activity><Locomotor Activity><Pain><Painful><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Recreation><Rehabilitation therapy>
13 <Affect><ages><Age><Oldest Old><Aged, 80 and over><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Brain Diseases><Brain Disorders><Encephalon Diseases><Intracranial CNS Disorders><Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders><Mental Depression><depression><Disease><Disorder><Animal Disease Models><Electric Stimulation><Electrical Stimulation><electrostimulation><Engineering><Epilepsy><Epileptic Seizures><Epileptics><Seizure Disorder><epilepsia><epileptogenic><Goals><Intelligence><Laws><Manuals><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><nervous system disorder><Nervous System Diseases><Neurologic Disorders><Neurological Disorders><neurological disease><Neurotoxins><neurotoxicant><Pain><Painful><Parkinson Disease><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Primary Parkinsonism><Patients><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Silicon><Si element><Technology><Testing><Time><Tremor><Work><Measures><Artifacts><Morphologic artifacts><6-OHDA><6-hydroxydopamine><Oxidopamine><Research Methods><research and methods><Research Methodology><customs><Custom><density><sensor><improved><Clinical><Memory Deficit><memory dysfunction><Memory impairment><Policies><Funding><Therapeutic><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Knowledge><programs><Deep Brain Stimulation><Protocols documentation><Protocol><System><Operative Surgical Procedures><Operative Procedures><Surgical><Surgical Interventions><Surgical Procedure><surgery><gait examination><Gait Analysis><neuroregulation><neural control><neural regulation><neuromodulation><neuromodulatory><neural><neurotransmission><Nerve Impulse Transmission><Nerve Transmission><Neuronal Transmission><axon signaling><axon-glial signaling><axonal signaling><glia signaling><glial signaling><nerve signaling><neural signaling><neuronal signaling><Devices><Modeling><response><miniaturize><miniaturized><Traumatic Brain Injury><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><behavioral assessment><Behavior assessment><Radio><Address><Data><Detection><Motor><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Rodent Model><Update><Behavioral><designing><design><next generation><Outcome><Population><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><Implant><neurotechnology><FDA approved><effective treatment><effective therapy><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><Biological Markers><flexible><flexibility><customized therapy><customized treatment><individualized patient treatment><individualized therapeutic strategy><individualized therapy><individualized treatment><patient specific therapies><patient specific treatment><tailored medical treatment><tailored therapy><tailored treatment><unique treatment><individualized medicine><motor symptom><Bluetooth><optimal therapies><optimal treatments><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><therapeutically effective><wireless><integrated circuit><energy efficiency><fabrication>
14 <Award><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communication><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><instrumentation><Language><Leadership><Marketing><Medical Device><Mentors><Mentorship><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Printing><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Science><Testing><Training Support><Universities><Writing><Administrator><health care><Healthcare><sensor><improved><Area><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Workshop><Educational workshop><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><System><interest><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><experience><research facility><cohort><Structure><novel><new technology><novel technologies><Devices><voucher><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Microfabrication><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Development><developmental><designing><design><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Movement science><Kinesiology><innovate><innovative><innovation><data acquisitions><data acquisition><multidisciplinary><collaborative approach><fabrication>
15 <Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Birth><Parturition><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Complication><Data Collection><Data Reporting><data representation><data representations><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Equipment><femur head><foot><Future><Goals><Hip region structure><Coxa><Hip><Hip Joint><Human><Modern Man><Infant><Laboratories><Manikins><Mannequins><Manuals><Medical Device><Methods><Motion><Movement><body movement><Degenerative polyarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Osteoarthritis><Osteoarthrosis><degenerative joint disease><hypertrophic arthritis><osteoarthritic><Hip Osteoarthritis><Coxarthrosis><hip OA><Pain><Painful><Recommendation><Research><Risk><Science><Supination><Testing><Textiles><fabric><Time><Work><Measures><Care Givers><Caregivers><therapy failure><Treatment Failure><human subject><sensor><improved><Area><Clinical><Medical><Failure><Measurement><Shapes><Dysplasia><dyscrasia><tool><Knowledge><Life><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head><Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head><Hour><Frequencies><Home environment><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><Operative Surgical Procedures><Operative Procedures><Surgical><Surgical Interventions><Surgical Procedure><surgery><success><Agreement><research study><Patient Self-Report><Self-Report><Devices><Positioning Attribute><Position><body position><Data><Industry Collaboration><Industry Collaborators><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Collection><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Validation><validations><Monitor><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><early onset><cost><designing><design><Outcome><Population><in vitro testing><flexible><flexibility><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><pressure sensor><homes><Home><manufacturing capabilities><manufacturing capacity><fabrication>
16 <Accounting><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Engineering><Expenditure><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Industry><instrumentation><Investments><Medical Device><Mentors><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Problem Solving><Professional Organizations><professional association><professional membership><professional society><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><research and development><Development and Research><R & D><R&D><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Testing><Time><Travel><Universities><Work><Writing><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Training Technics><Training Technique><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Schedule><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><sensor><Area><Series><Ensure><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Research Activity><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><editorial><programs><Scientist><System><interest><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><Performance><success><cohort><Manuscripts><Devices><Reporting><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><voucher><Annual Reports><Address><global health><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Microfabrication><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Reviews><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Collection><Exploratory/Developmental Grant for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging><R21 Award><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Office of Administrative Management><Administrative Management><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><operations><operation><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><recruit><Infrastructure><summer intern><summer internship><research faculty><fabrication>
17 <Acids><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Adult><Affect><ages><Age><advanced age><elders><geriatric><late life><later life><older adult><older person><senior citizen><Elderly><Beds><Biomechanics><biomechanical><bone><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Ceramics><bisphosphonate><Bisphosphonates><biphosphonate><diphosphonate><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Foundations><Fracture><bone fracture><Gel><Goals><Health><Hip Fractures><Human><Modern Man><Laboratories><Lasers><Laser Electromagnetic><Laser Radiation><Magnetic Resonance Imaging><MR Imaging><MR Tomography><MRI><MRIs><Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><NMR Imaging><NMR Tomography><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging><Zeugmatography><Minor><Persons><Osteoporosis><Patients><Polyurethanes><Ostamer><Pellethane><Polyisocyanates><Probability><Radiometry><Radiation Dosimetry><radioassay><Cumulative Trauma Disorders><Overuse Injury><Overuse Syndrome><Repetition Strain Injury><Repetitive Motion Disorders><Repetitive Strain Injury><Repetitive stress injury><repetitive motion injury><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Thermal Conductivity><Tissues><Body Tissues><X-Ray Computed Tomography><CAT scan><CT X Ray><CT Xray><CT imaging><CT scan><Computed Tomography><Tomodensitometry><X-Ray CAT Scan><X-Ray Computerized Tomography><Xray CAT scan><Xray Computed Tomography><Xray computerized tomography><catscan><computed axial tomography><computer tomography><computerized axial tomography><computerized tomography><non-contrast CT><noncontrast CT><noncontrast computed tomography><Tooth structure><Tooth><teeth><United States><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Measures><Porosity><bone remodelling><Bone remodeling><injuries><Injury><improved><Clinical><Variation><Variant><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Adolescent><Visible Light><Visible Light Radiation><Visible Radiation><Measurement><tool><Life><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Clinic><Techniques><System><Location><Outcome Study><Bone Injury><particle><treatment planning><novel><Radiation><Deterioration><Modeling><Sampling><Ballistics><Load Bearing><Weight Bearing><Weight-Bearing state><Defect><Resolution><resolutions><in vivo><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><cost><healing><optic imaging><optical imaging><bone health><Outcome><demineralization><normal aging><common treatment><3-D print><3-D printer><3D printer><3D printing><three dimensional printing><3D Print><Preventative treatment><Preventive treatment><skeletal structure><Bone structure><diagnostic system><diagnostic platform>
18 <NA>
19 <Affect><Animals><Biology><Blood Vessels><vascular><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Disease><Disorder><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Hyperglycemia><hyperglycemic><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Ligands><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Phosphorylation><Protein Phosphorylation><Proteins><Publishing><Research><Role><social role><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Testosterone><Therapeutic Testosterone><Trans-Testosterone><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transforming Growth Factor beta><Bone-Derived Transforming Growth Factor><Milk Growth Factor><Platelet Transforming Growth Factor><TGF B><TGF-beta><TGF-β><TGFbeta><TGFβ><Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Family Gene><Tyrosine><Work><Resveratrol><notch><notch receptors><notch protein><Normal Values><Normal Range><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><career><sensor><Site><Physiologic><Physiological><Link><Endothelial Cells><Stimulus><Individual><Hypoxic><Oxygen Deficiency><Hypoxia><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><src Kinases><src Protein-Tyrosine Kinases><src Tyrosine Kinases><src-Family Tyrosine Kinases><src-Family Kinases><angiogenesis><programs><gamma secretase><ADAM10 protein><gamma secretase complex><γ-secretase><Complex><System><Vascular System><Nuclear><high school><skills><novel><graduate student><Regulation><Modeling><response><FGF2 gene><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene><FGF-2><FGF2><FGFB><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gene><HBGF-2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Class II><Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Factor><bFGF><Molecular Interaction><Binding><shear stress><VEGF><VEGFs><Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors><EGF gene><EGF><Address><Data><Sum><Nuclear Translocation><Tyrosine Phosphorylation><Update><Pathologic><Molecular><Output><cellular behavior><cell behavior><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Growth Agents><Growth Substances><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Factor><Drosophila Homolog of NOTCH 3><NOTCH3><NOTCH3 gene>
20 <NA>
21 <Acyl Carrier Protein><inhibitor><Bacteria><Bacterial Infections><bacteria infection><bacterial disease><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Bromides><Carrier Proteins><Transport Protein Gene><Transport Proteins><Transporter Protein><Cells><Cell Body><Cysteine><Half-Cystine><L-Cysteine><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Fluorescence><Genetic Code><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Kinetics><Laboratories><Learning><Literature><Medicine><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Production><Proteins><Research><S-Adenosylhomocysteine><S-adenosyl methionine><S-adenosyl-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Sulfhydryl Compounds><Mercaptans><Mercapto Compounds><Thiols><sulfhydryl group><Toxin><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Virulence><Measures><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><Core Protein><Mediating><Titrations><crosslink><Label><Site><Physiologic><Physiological><Active Sites><Chemicals><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><homoserine lactone><Antibacterial Agents><anti-bacterial><antibacterial><Anti-Bacterial Agents><tool><Electrostatics><Investigation><Reaction><mutant><fluorophore><novel><Reporting><Positioning Attribute><Position><high throughput screening><High Throughput Assay><single molecule><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><small molecule><Address><Affinity><Data><in vivo><Preparation><preparations><Molecular><Process><Docking><Development><developmental><designing><design><Coupling><anti-microbial><antimicrobial><screenings><screening><small molecule inhibitor>
22 <Acyl Carrier Protein><inhibitor><Bacteria><bacteria infection><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Assay><Bioassay><Biological Assay><Bromides><Transport Protein Gene><Transport Proteins><Transporter Protein><Carrier Proteins><Cell Body><Cells><Half-Cystine><L-Cysteine><Cysteine><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Fluorescence><Genetic Code><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Kinetics><Laboratories><Learning><Literature><Medicine><Methods><Biologic Models><Model System><Biological Models><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Mutation><Production><Proteins><Research><S-adenosyl methionine><S-adenosyl-methionine><S-Adenosylhomocysteine><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Mercaptans><Mercapto Compounds><Thiols><sulfhydryl group><Sulfhydryl Compounds><Toxin><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Tryptophan><Virulence><Measures><biofilm><Microbial Biofilms><Core Protein><Mediating><Titrations><crosslink><Label><Site><Physiological><Physiologic><Active Sites><Chemicals><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><homoserine lactone><anti-bacterial><Anti-Bacterial Agents><tool><Electrostatics><Investigation><Reaction><mutant><fluorophore><novel><Reporting><Positioning Attribute><Position><high throughput screening><High Throughput Assay><single molecule><quorum sensing><Binding><Molecular Interaction><prevent><preventing><small molecule><Address><Affinity><Data><in vivo><preparations><Preparation><Molecular><Process><Docking><developmental><Development><designing><design><Coupling><anti-microbial><antimicrobial><screenings><screening><small molecule inhibitor>
23 <NA>
24 <NA>
25 <Acyl Carrier Protein><Acyl Coenzyme A><Acyl CoA><Fatty Acyl CoA><Long-Chain Acyl CoA><Allosteric Site><inhibitor><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biomedical Research><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><High Pressure Liquid Chromatography><HPLC><High Performance Liquid Chromatography><High Speed Liquid Chromatography><Coenzyme A><CoA><Environment><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Foundations><Future><Goals><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Grant><Homocysteine><In Vitro><Kinetics><Libraries><Maps><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Physicians><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Population Density><Proteins><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Research><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Substrate Specificity><Testing><Virulence><Mediating><career><Diffuse><Active Sites><Chemicals><Training><analog><Funding><homoserine lactone><Exposure to><tool><programs><Receptor Protein><receptor><novel><Pathogenicity><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><small molecule><R15 Mechanism><R15 Program><Academic Research Enhancement Awards><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Interruption><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><Research Infrastructure><in vivo><Molecular><Docking><design><designing><Outcome><Coupling><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><biochemical tools><biochemistry tools><small molecule inhibitor><infection rate><rate of infection><Home><rational design>
26 <Acyl CoA><Fatty Acyl CoA><Long-Chain Acyl CoA><Acyl Coenzyme A><inhibitor><Bacteria><Biomedical Research><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Environment><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Foundations><Goals><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Physicians><Population Density><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Research><S-Adenosylhomocysteine><S-adenosyl methionine><S-adenosyl-methionine><S-Adenosylmethionine><Ademetionine><AdoMet><SAMe><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Virulence><Chemicals><analog><homoserine lactone><tool><programs><novel><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><small molecule><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Interruption><designing><design><Coupling><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multi-drug resistant pathogen><small molecule inhibitor><rate of infection><infection rate><homes><Home><rational design>
27 <Affect><Aneuploidy><Aneuploid><Axon><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecule Gene><cell adhesion protein><Cell Death><necrocytosis><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cerebellum><Human Chromosomes><Chromosome 16><Chromosome 21><Cues><Dendrites><Disease><Disorder><Down Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Langdon Down syndrome><Mongolism><Trisomy 21><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><congenital acromicria syndrome><morbus Down><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><trisomy 21 syndrome><Environment><Eye><Eyeball><Foundations><Future><Gene Duplication><Gene Expression><Genes><Goals><Hippocampus (Brain)><Ammon Horn><Cornu Ammonis><Hippocampus><hippocampal><Idaho><In Vitro><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Persons><Nervous System><Neurologic Body System><Neurologic Organ System><Nervous system structure><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><Pathology><Phenotype><Kinases><Phosphotransferase Gene><Transphosphorylases><Phosphotransferases><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Play><Proteins><Scientific Publication><Publications><Reagent><Cell Surface Receptors><Research><Research Proposals><Retina><social role><Role><Schizophrenic Disorders><dementia praecox><schizophrenic><Schizophrenia><Signal Pathway><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Diagnostic Findings><Signs and Symptoms><Specificity><Syndrome><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Work><Neurites><Mediating><base><dosage><Organ><Area><Surface><Clinical><Biochemical><Link><Genetic><Morphology><Knowledge><cell biology><Cellular biology><Scientist><Event><postnatal><cell type><System><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Nuclear><experience><Receptor Protein><receptor><neural><relating to nervous system><Neural Development><neurodevelopment><Phenocopy><novel><Cell surface><Reporting><neural function><Neurophysiology - biologic function><Regulation><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Brain region><preventing><prevent><Address><Defect><Autism><Autistic Disorder><Early Infantile Autism><Infantile Autism><Kanner's Syndrome><autistic spectrum disorder><autism spectrum disorder><Cytoplasmic Domain><Cytoplasmic Tail><Data><Nuclear Translocation><Signaling Molecule><Tyrosine Phosphorylation><Molecular><Development><developmental><mouse Ts65Dn><Ts65Dn><Outcome><Population><human disease><mouse model><murine model><loss of function><gain of function><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><DSCAM><retinal neuron><overexpression><overexpress><Genetic study><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
28 <Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virus><Work><Enterobacteria phage P1 Cre recombinase><CRE Recombinase><bacteriophage P1 recombinase Cre><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Mediating><In Situ Hybridization><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><base><Label><improved><Clinical><Histologic><Histologically><Lentivirus><Lentivirinae><Virus-Lenti><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Hair Follicle><Hair follicle structure><Endothelial Cells><Cardiac Muscle Cells><Cardiocyte><Heart Muscle Cells><Heart myocyte><cardiomyocyte><Cardiac Myocytes><Hepatic Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Liver Cells><Hepatocyte><insight><Myotubes><Rhabdomyocyte><Skeletal Fiber><Skeletal Muscle Cell><Skeletal Muscle Fiber><Skeletal Myocytes><Muscle Fibers><Cell Lineage><Transgenes><7B4 Antigen><7B4 protein><CD144 Antigen><VE-Cadherin><Vascular Endothelial Cadherin><Vascular Endothelial Cadherin 1><cadherin 5><Genetic><Tubular><Tubular formation><tool><Intravenous><Nature><Knowledge><cell biology><Cellular biology><Event><Source><cell type><System><Viral><interest><Aciner Cells><Acinar Cell><experience><crypt cell><novel><Enterocytes><genetic technology><Insulin Cell><Insulin Secreting Cell><β-cell><β-cells><βCell><Beta Cell><Data><Research Infrastructure><in vivo><Viral Vector><Wild Type Mouse><wildtype mouse><transmission process><Transmission><Process><follow-up><Active Follow-up><active followup><follow up><followed up><followup><Cardiac><Development><developmental><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Outcome><Population><Lentivirus Vector><Lentiviral Vector><Coupled><therapeutic gene><gene therapeutics><gene-based therapeutic><gene-based therapeutics><genes therapeutic><genes therapeutics><transdifferentiation><undergraduate research><DNA cassette><enhancer cassette><expression cassette><gene cassette><genetic cassette><integration cassette><promoter cassette><reporter cassette><resistance cassette><selectable cassette><selection cassette><stop cassette><transcription cassette><transcriptional cassette><transgene cassette><extracellular vesicles><transgene delivery><endothelial stem cell><endothelial progenitor cell><Dependovirus><Adeno-Associated Viruses><Dependoparvovirus><adeno associated virus group><Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Back><Dorsum><Bar Codes><barcode><Blood Vessels><vascular><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Busulfan><Bussulfam><Busulfanum><Sulfabutin><Capsid><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular system><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><Cardiovascular Physiology><cardiovascular function><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Cytoplasm><Cytoplasmic Granules><granule><Duodenum><Endothelium><Engineering><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene repair therapy><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Hippocampus (Brain)><Ammon Horn><Cornu Ammonis><Hippocampus><hippocampal><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><intravenous injection><Islets of Langerhans><B9 endocrine pancreas><Endocrine Pancreas><Islands of Langerhans><Nesidioblasts><Pancreatic Islets><Pars endocrina pancreatis><islet progenitor><Kidney><Kidney Urinary System><renal><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Transgenic Mice><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Proteins><Purkinje's Corpuscles><cerebellar Purkinje cell><Purkinje Cells><Research Resources><Resources><Serotyping><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><gastric><Stomach><Tamoxifen><Testing>
29 <Abdominal><Abdomen><Aedes><Anopheles><Anophelines><Anopheles Genus><Behavior><Biogenic Amines><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Bite><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Body Size><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Coma><Comatose><Dangerousness><Disease><Disorder><Pharmacotherapy><Drug Therapy><drug treatment><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Feeding behaviors><Ingestive Behavior><feeding-related behaviors><nutrient intake activity><Fertility><Fecundability><Fecundity><Future><Genes><Goals><Head><Histamine><Histamine Release><Histamine Liberation><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Insecta><Insects><Insects Invertebrates><Investments><Liver diseases><Hepatic Disorder><hepatic disease><hepatopathy><liver disorder><Longevity><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Cerebral Malaria><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><Maps><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Culicidae><Mosquitoes><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><neurophysiology><neurophysiological><Parasite Control><Parasites><Pathology><Physiology><Plasma><Blood Plasma><Plasma Serum><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasmodium berghei><rodent plasmodia><Plasmodium falciparum><P falciparum><P. falciparum><P.falciparum><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Histamine Receptor><serotonin receptor><5-HT Receptors><5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors><Reproduction><Retina><Risk><Serotonin><5-HT><5-Hydroxytryptamine><5HT><Enteramine><Hippophaine><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Tyrosine><Mediating><improved><Clinical><Physiologic><Physiological><Biogenic Amine Receptors><Midgut><ingest><Ingestion><Visual><Disease Progression><Collaborations><Knowledge><Severities><Sensory><Pattern><Sporozoites><olfactory stimulus><receptor><Receptor Protein><receptor expression><success><visual stimulus><life history><trait><neurotransmission><Nerve Impulse Transmission><Nerve Transmission><Neuronal Transmission><axon signaling><axon-glial signaling><axonal signaling><glia signaling><glial signaling><nerve signaling><neural signaling><neuronal signaling><novel><Reporting><Parasitic infection><parasite infection><reproductive><Hyperphenylalaninaemias><Modeling><response><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Neuromodulator><Brain region><small molecule><Symptoms><Data><Interruption><Transcript><transmission process><Transmission><Development><developmental><Behavioral><Clutch Size><vector mosquito><feeding><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><resistant><Resistance><treatment effect><human disease><vector transmission><mosquitoborne><mosquito-borne><Vectoral capacity><Vectorial capacity><insulin-like peptide><antagonist><antagonism>
30 <Abdomen><Abdominal><Aedes><Anopheles Genus><Anopheles><Anophelines><Behavior><Biogenic Amines><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Bite><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Coma><Comatose><Dangerousness><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Feeding behaviors><Ingestive Behavior><feeding-related behaviors><nutrient intake activity><Fertility><Fecundability><Fecundity><Future><Genes><Goals><Histamine><Histamine Release><Histamine Liberation><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Insecta><Insects><Insects Invertebrates><Investments><Liver diseases><Hepatic Disorder><hepatic disease><hepatopathy><liver disorder><Longevity><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><Maps><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Culicidae><Mosquitoes><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><neurophysiological><neurophysiology><Parasite Control><Parasites><Pathology><Physiology><Blood Plasma><Plasma Serum><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma><rodent plasmodia><Plasmodium berghei><P falciparum><P. falciparum><P.falciparum><Plasmodium falciparum><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Histamine Receptor><5-HT Receptors><5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors><serotonin receptor><Reproduction><Retina><Risk><5-HT><5-Hydroxytryptamine><5HT><Enteramine><Hippophaine><Serotonin><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Tyrosine><Mediating><base><improved><Clinical><Physiological><Physiologic><Biogenic Amine Receptors><Midgut><Ingestion><Visual><cerebral><Cerebrum><Collaborations><Knowledge><Sensory><Pattern><Sporozoites><olfactory stimulus><Receptor Protein><receptor><receptor expression><success><visual stimulus><life history><trait><Nerve Impulse Transmission><Nerve Transmission><Neuronal Transmission><axon signaling><axon-glial signaling><axonal signaling><glia signaling><glial signaling><nerve signaling><neural signaling><neuronal signaling><neurotransmission><novel><Reporting><parasite infection><Parasitic infection><reproductive><Hyperphenylalaninaemias><Modeling><response><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Neuromodulator><Brain region><small molecule><Address><Symptoms><Data><Interruption><Transcript><transmission process><Transmission><Development><developmental><Behavioral><Clutch Size><vector mosquito><feeding><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><Resistance><resistant><treatment effect><human disease><vector transmission><mosquito-borne><mosquitoborne><Vectorial capacity><Vectoral capacity><insulin-like peptide><antagonist>
31 <Link><Funding><instrument><microbioreactor><Bioreactors><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Musculoskeletal><extracellular><collegiate><college><Basic Research><Basic Science><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institution><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><rapid growth><Coupled><innovation><innovate><innovative><clinical application><clinical applicability><imaging system><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><Arts><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Cues><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Equipment><Faculty><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><Investments><Microscopy><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Orthopedic><Orthopedic Surgical Profession><Orthopedics><Apes><great ape><Pongidae><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Custom><Microscope><Physiological><Physiologic>
32 <Biomedical Research><Fellowship><Future><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Mentorship><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Research><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><career><improved><Individual><Funding><programs><interest><college><collegiate><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><experience><success><university student><college student><cohort><Participant><Institution><Data><Enrollment><enroll><Funding Mechanisms><Underrepresented Students><bridge to the baccalaureate><student engagement><student motivation><student participation><retention strategy><retention rate><transfer student><class development><course material development><course development><faculty mentor><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><peer coaching><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><recruit><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
33 <Biomedical Research><Fellowship><Future><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Mentorship><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><base><career><improved><Individual><Funding><programs><interest><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><cohort><Participant><Data><Enrollment><enroll><Funding Mechanisms><Underrepresented Students><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><retention strategy><student retention><transfer student><course development><class development><course material development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><recruit><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
34 <Aging><Angiogenic Factor><Angiogenesis Factor><Biocompatible Materials><Biomaterials><biological material><Biology><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibroins><Gel><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Insulin-Like Growth Factor I><IGF-1><IGF-I><IGF-I-SmC><Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1><Insulin-Like Somatomedin Peptide I><Somatomedin C><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase><Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase><Myosins><Actin-Activated ATPase><Myosin ATPase><Peptides><Production><Proteins><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Rattus><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Staining method><Stains><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tyramine><Umbilical vein><Vascularization><Silk><Generations><Mediating><Injury><injuries><crosslink><cross-link><improved><Encapsulated><Phase><Biochemical><Endothelial Cells><Voluntary Muscle><Skeletal Muscle><Myotubes><Rhabdomyocyte><Skeletal Fiber><Skeletal Muscle Cell><Skeletal Muscle Fiber><Skeletal Myocytes><Muscle Fibers><skeletal disease><skeletal disorder><Therapeutic><Morphology><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Protocol><Protocols documentation><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Embryonic Muscle Cells><Precursor Muscle Cells><Myoblasts><myogenesis><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Hydrogels><novel><Modeling><FGF2 gene><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene><FGF-2><FGF2><FGFB><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gene><HBGF-2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Class II><Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Factor><bFGF><Muscle Development><Muscular Development><VEGF><VEGFs><Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors><Musculoskeletal System Development><Musculoskeletal Development><Data><in vitro Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><stem cell differentiation><Coupling><therapeutic target><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><inducible pluripotent stem cell><skeletal muscle differentiation><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanical properties>
35 <Anti-Inflammatory Agents><Anti-Inflammatories><Anti-inflammatory><Antiinflammatories><Antiinflammatory Agents><antiinflammatory><Monoclonal Antibodies><Clinical Treatment Moab><mAbs><Rheumatoid Arthritis><Atrophic Arthritis><rheumatic arthritis><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Western Blotting><Immunoblotting><Western Immunoblotting><protein blotting><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell Survival><Cell Viability><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatography><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Cessation of life><Death><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Education><Educational aspects><Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay><ELISA><enzyme linked immunoassay><Equipment><Family><Fluorescence><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Incentives><Inflammation><Inflammatory Bowel Diseases><Inflammatory Bowel Disorder><inflammatory disease of the intestine><inflammatory disorder of the intestine><intestinal autoinflammation><instrumentation><Interleukin-6><B cell differentiation factor><B cell stimulating factor 2><B-Cell Differentiation Factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2><BCDF><BSF-2><BSF2><HPGF><Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor><Hybridoma Growth Factor><IFN-beta 2><IFNB2><IL-6><IL6 Protein><MGI-2><Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein><Plasmacytoma Growth Factor><interferon beta 2><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><Neoplasm Metastasis><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><Patients><Proteins><Public Health><QOL><Quality of life><Recurrent><Recurrence><Research><social role><Role><Science><Signal Pathway><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Students><Survival Rate><Testing><United States><Woman><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><oncostatin M><Recombinant Oncostatin M><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><base><career><improved><Link><Training><Transitional Cell><Blood Serum><Serum><Individual><analog><Localized Disease><Therapeutic><Inflammatory><scaffolding><scaffold><Knowledge><programs><Complex><Event><System><Tumor Tissue><Tumor Cell><neoplastic cell><Receptor Protein><receptor><receptor bound><receptor binding><chemical library><small molecule libraries><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Reporting><Modeling><Property><drug development><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Drops><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Distant Cancer><Distant Metastasis><small molecule><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Affinity><Data><Detection><SYS-TX><Systemic Therapy><Cancer Etiology><Cancer Cause><Nonmetastatic><Non-metastatic><Docking><epithelial to mesenchymal transition><Development><developmental><T47D><T-47D><design><designing><Lupus><Sepsis><blood infection><bloodstream infection><migration><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><therapeutic target><MDA MB 231><MDA-231><MDA-MB231><overexpression><overexpress><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><FDA approved><in vitro testing><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><screening><metastasis prevention><Breast Cancer cell line><Breast tumor cell line><Breast cancer metastasis><Breast Metastasis><Breast Cancer Patient><Breast Tumor Patient><Metastatic breast cancer><small molecule inhibitor><nanomolar><nano-molar><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><in silico><detection method><detection procedure><detection technique><Prognosis><patient prognosis>
36 <Adoption><Algorithms><Awareness><Behavior><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Cells><Cell Body><Collagen><Communities><Congresses><meeting reports><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibroblasts><Future><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Optics><optical><Parents><Periodicity><Cyclicity><Rhythmicity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Role><social role><Running><Science><Computer software><Software><Software Engineering><Computer Software Development><Computer Software Engineering><Software Tools><Computer Software Tools><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Students><Testing><Textiles><fabric><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Measures><Anisotropy><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><Mediating><base><image processing><improved><repaired><repair><Biological><Pythons><Ensure><Chemicals><soft tissue><Fiber><Intuition><Educational workshop><Workshop><Measurement><Confocal Microscopy><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><tool><scaffolding><scaffold><mechanical><Mechanics><Notification><Adopted><light microscopy><Dependence><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><preference><Structure><Devices><Property><develop software><developing computer software><software development><Documentation><image-based method><imaging method><imaging modality><Length><Dense Connective Tissue><Validation><Molecular><Image><imaging><Operating System><muscle engineering><design><designing><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><engineering design><tumor><spatiotemporal><mechanical behavior><biological systems><cloud based><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging>
37 <Adoption><Affect><Air><Animals><Antiviral Agents><Antiviral Drugs><Antivirals><anti-viral agents><anti-viral drugs><anti-virals><Argon><Ar element><Atmospheric Pressure><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Cells><Cell Body><Charcoal><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Containment><Crowding><Decontamination><Disease><Disorder><Disinfectants><Disinfection><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Feline Calicivirus><Floor><Gases><Goals><Government><Head><Health><Murine hepatitis virus><Mouse Hepatitis Virus><Murine Gastroenteritis Virus><Hospitals><Human><Modern Man><Internships><intern><Laboratories><Mentors><Motion><Nitrogen><Oxygen><O element><O2 element><Ozone><O3><Paint><Plasma><Blood Plasma><Plasma Serum><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Power Sources><Power Supplies><Public Health><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Robotics><Societies><Reproduction spores><Spores><Suction><Mechanical Aspiration><Suction Drainage><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><Vaccines><Vacuum><Virus><Clostridium difficile><C diff><C difficile><C. diff><C. difficile><Clostridioides difficile><Environmental Hazards><Health Hazards><Measures><Health Care Costs><Health Costs><Healthcare Costs><Healthcare><health care><base><density><Pump><improved><Area><Surface><Solid><Clinical><Medical><Coronavirus><Coronaviridae><corona virus><Coronavirus Infections><Coronaviridae Infections><Chemicals><Training><wasting><Recovery><Active Learning><Cooperative Learning><Experiential Learning><Shapes><Deposit><Deposition><Robot><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Hour><Complex><Scanning><System><Viral><meetings><air filtration><success><Structure><novel><graduate student><novel technologies><new technology><Devices><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Modeling><Sampling><Property><response><Norwalk-like Viruses><Norovirus><Anti-Viral Response><Antiviral Response><MRSA><Methicillin Resistant S Aureus><Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus><methicillin-resistant S. aureus><methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus><Effectiveness><transmission process><Transmission><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><design><designing><topical antiseptic><Outcome><cost effective><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Consumption><Coupled><antimicrobial><anti-microbial><visual control><public health relevance><arm><operation><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><Geometry><summer research><mobile computing><mobile platform><mobile technology><health care settings><healthcare settings><pathogenic virus><viral pathogen><virus pathogen><pathogenic microbe><microbe pathogen><microbial pathogen><robotic system><novel coronavirus><CoV emergence><corona virus emergence><coronavirus emergence><emergent CoV><emergent corona virus><emergent coronavirus><emerging CoV><emerging corona virus><emerging coronavirus><nCoV><new CoV><new corona virus><new coronavirus><novel CoV><novel corona virus><2019-nCoV><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><hCoV19><nCoV2><human coronavirus><HCoV><human CoV><human corona virus><infection rate><rate of infection>
38 <Affect><inhibitor><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Atherosclerosis><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><atheromatosis><atherosclerotic disease><atherosclerotic vascular disease><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Cell division><Cells><Cell Body><Chlamydia><Miyagawanella><bedsonia><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydial Infection><chlamydial disease><Chlamydophila psittaci><C psittaci><C. psittaci><Chlamydia psittaci><Chlamydia trachomatis><C trachomatis><C. trachomatis><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydiales><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Eukaryotic Cell><Eye Infections><Ocular Infections><Gene Expression><Developmental Gene><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><Persons><Parasites><Murein><Peptidoglycan><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Polyploid><Polyploidy><Production><social role><Role><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Venereal Diseases><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Infections><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Starvation><Stress><Testing><Time><Trachoma><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Women's Health><Female Health><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><Chlamydia pneumoniae><falls><promoter><promotor><Treatment Failure><therapy failure><Chronic><Clinical><Microscopic><Lifting><Reporter Genes><Link><Reproductive Health><Fe element><Iron><Reporter><Antibiotic Treatment><bacterial disease treatment><bacterial infectious disease treatment><Antibiotic Therapy><Hour><cell type><Pattern><System><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><environmental stresses><environmental stressor><Nutrient><member><Categories><Pathogenesis><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Modeling><response><Data><Collection><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><design><designing><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><live cell microscopy><chronic infection><persistent infection><human pathogen><recurrent infection><infection recurrence><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder>
39 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Atherosclerosis><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><atheromatosis><atherosclerotic disease><atherosclerotic vascular disease><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Cell division><Cells><Cell Body><Chlamydia><Miyagawanella><bedsonia><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydial Infection><chlamydial disease><Chlamydophila psittaci><C psittaci><C. psittaci><Chlamydia psittaci><Chlamydia trachomatis><C trachomatis><C. trachomatis><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydiales><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Eukaryotic Cell><Eye Infections><Ocular Infections><Gene Expression><Developmental Gene><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Lung diseases><Pulmonary Diseases><Pulmonary Disorder><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder><disease of the lung><disorder of the lung><lung disorder><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><Parasites><Peptidoglycan><Murein><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Polyploidy><Polyploid><Production><Role><social role><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Venereal Diseases><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Infections><Starvation><Stress><Testing><Time><Trachoma><Tryptophan><L-Tryptophan><Levotryptophan><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Women's Health><Female Health><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><Chlamydia pneumoniae><falls><promoter><promotor><Treatment Failure><therapy failure><Chronic><Clinical><Microscopic><Lifting><Reporter Genes><Link><Reproductive Health><Fe element><Iron><Reporter><Antibiotic Treatment><bacterial disease treatment><bacterial infectious disease treatment><Antibiotic Therapy><Hour><cell type><Pattern><System><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><environmental stresses><environmental stressor><Nutrient><member><Categories><Pathogenesis><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Modeling><response><Data><Collection><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><design><designing><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><live cell microscopy><chronic infection><persistent infection><human pathogen><recurrent infection><infection recurrence>
40 <Adrenal Cortex Hormones><Corticoids><Corticosteroids><Affect><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biomedical Research><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Career Choice><Career Path><career aspiration><career interest><career pathway><career track><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Goals><Heart><Heart Diseases><Cardiac Diseases><Cardiac Disorders><heart disorder><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Internships><intern><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Kidney><Kidney Urinary System><renal><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Liver diseases><Hepatic Disorder><hepatic disease><hepatopathy><liver disorder><Lung><Lung Respiratory System><pulmonary><Mentors><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Production><Proteins><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Rest><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><Double-Stranded RNA><dsRNA><Messenger RNA><mRNA><Students><Testing><Thermodynamics><Thermodynamic><Tissues><Body Tissues><Trans-Activators><Trans-Acting Factors><Transactivators><Translations><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Universities><Work><RNA-Binding Proteins><Dissociation><Mediating><base><Organ><Site><repaired><repair><Biological><Link><Training><Binding Proteins><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Initiator Codon><Initiation Codon><Start Codon><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Exposure to><Inflammatory><Entropy><Electrostatics><programs><Source><extracellular><experience><mutant><enthalpy><cis acting element><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><novel><Coding System><Code><Regulation><Modeling><Skin><Molecular Interaction><Binding><protein expression><Institution><Address><Affinity><Human Pathology><Molecular Target><Regulatory Element><Resolution><Translational Regulation><Pathologic><Molecular><RNA Recognition Motif><Putative RNA-Binding Region><RNA Binding Domain><RNP Domain><RNP Motif><RNP-1 Signature><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><design><designing><Outcome><Impaired wound healing><Impaired tissue repair><abnormal tissue repair><delayed wound healing><translation assay><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><stem><treatment strategy><effective therapy><effective treatment><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><student training><summer research><nanomolar><nano-molar><recruit><side effect><Home>
41 <Affect><Biomedical Research><Calorimetry><Cells><Cell Body><Collagen><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Fibrosis><Goals><Heart><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Ions><Kidney><Kidney Urinary System><renal><Kinetics><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Luciferases><Luciferase Immunologic><Lung><Lung Respiratory System><pulmonary><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Production><Proteins><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><Testing><Thermodynamic><Thermodynamics><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translations><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><RNA-Binding Proteins><Dissociation><Mediating><Titrations><base><Organ><Chronic><repaired><repair><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Initiation Codon><Start Codon><Initiator Codon><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Developed Countries><Reporter><Entropy><System><extracellular><experience><mutant><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><Coding System><Code><Regulation><NMR Spectrometer><nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy><NMR Spectroscopy><Organ failure><Skin><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Address><Affinity><Molecular Target><Resolution><Translation Initiation><Pathologic><Molecular><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><stem><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><rational design>
42 <Accounting><Adoption><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Foundations><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Health><Literature><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Methods><Methodology><Mission><NIMH><National Institute of Mental Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Patients><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><healthcare quality><health care quality><Reference Ranges><Reference Values><Research><Study Type><study design><Research Design><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><Science><Testing><Translations><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Caring><improved><Clinical><Individual><Measurement><Sample Size><Funding><Reporter><tool><Scientist><System><interest><American><experience><Manuscripts><Speed><mate><Partner in relationship><Predictive Factor><Sampling><behavioral health><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><preventing><prevent><Address><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Characteristics><Process><study characteristics><cost><implementation research><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><design><designing><Outcome><Population><implementation science><community setting><evidence base><patient population><power analysis><study population><health care settings><healthcare settings><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><implementation determinants><implementation factors><implementation design><implementation research design><implementation study>
43 <Accounting><Adoption><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Foundations><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Health><Literature><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Methods><Methodology><Mission><National Institute of Mental Health><NIMH><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><health care quality><healthcare quality><Reference Values><Reference Ranges><Research><Research Design><Study Type><study design><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Science><Testing><Translations><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Caring><improved><Clinical><Individual><Measurement><Sample Size><Funding><Reporter><tool><Scientist><System><interest><American><experience><Manuscripts><Speed><mate><Partner in relationship><Predictive Factor><Sampling><behavioral health><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><preventing><prevent><Address><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Characteristics><Process><study characteristics><cost><implementation research><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><design><designing><Outcome><Population><implementation science><community setting><evidence base><patient population><power analysis><study population><health care settings><healthcare settings><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><implementation determinants><implementation factors><implementation design><implementation research design><implementation study>
44 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><macrophage><Mφ><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Neuroglia><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Pathology><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><Population Heterogeneity><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Injury><injuries><Peripheral><Acute><repaired><repair><Phase><Histologic><Histologically><Physiological><Physiologic><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Lesion><retinal damage><damage to retina><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immunes><Immune><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><retinal regeneration><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Pathway interactions><pathway><healing><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><design><designing><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity>
45 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><Macrophage><Mφ><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Neuroglia><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Pathology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Population Heterogeneity><injuries><Injury><Peripheral><Acute><repair><repaired><Phase><Histologically><Histologic><Physiologic><Physiological><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Microglia><Lesion><damage to retina><retinal damage><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immune><Immunes><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Muller's cell><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><mutant><retinal regeneration><neuron loss><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Profiling><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><analyze gene expression><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Pathway interactions><pathway><healing><neural inflammation><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><designing><design><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><neuron regeneration><neuronal regeneration><pharmacologic>
46 <inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Antibodies><Automobile Driving><driving><Western Blotting><Western Immunoblotting><protein blotting><bone><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Female Breast Carcinoma><Female Breast Cancer><Mammary Carcinoma of the Female Breast><Cause of Death><Cell Count><Cell Number><Cells><Cell Body><Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay><ELISA><Epithelium><Epithelium Part><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Family><Fluorescence><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><In Vitro><Inflammation><Interleukin-6><B cell differentiation factor><B cell stimulating factor 2><B-Cell Differentiation Factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2><BCDF><BSF-2><BSF2><HPGF><Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor><Hybridoma Growth Factor><IFN-beta 2><IFNB2><IL-6><IL6 Protein><MGI-2><Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein><Plasmacytoma Growth Factor><interferon beta 2><Laboratories><Literature><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Lung><Lung Respiratory System><pulmonary><macrophage><Methods><monocyte><Blood monocyte><Marrow monocyte><Neoplasm Circulating Cells><circulating neoplastic cell><circulating tumor cell><Neoplasm Metastasis><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><neutrophil><Blood Neutrophil><Blood Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil><Marrow Neutrophil><Neutrophilic Granulocyte><Neutrophilic Leukocyte><Polymorphonuclear Cell><Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes><Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils><Legal patent><Patents><Patients><Phenotype><Production><Proteins><Publishing><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Spectrum Analysis><Spectroscopy><Spectrum Analyses><Survival Rate><T-Lymphocyte><T-Cells><thymus derived lymphocyte><Testing><Woman><Work><Interleukin 6 Receptor><CD126 Antigens><CD126 Receptor><IL-6 Receptors><IL6 Receptors><oncostatin M><Recombinant Oncostatin M><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><Metastasis to the Lung><Metastatic Tumor to the Lung><lung metastasis><metastasize to the lung><pulmonary metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Lung><Bone Metastasis><Bone cancer metastatic><Bony metastasis><Metastasis to bone><Metastatic Cancer to the Bone><Metastatic Tumor to the Bone><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to bone><Osseous metastasis><Secondary cancer of bone><Secondary malignancy of bone><Secondary malignant neoplasm of bone><Skeletal metastasis><bone neoplasm secondary><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Bone><base><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><genetic manipulation><Organ><Label><Microscope><improved><Epithelial><Individual><ERBB2><HER -2><HER-2><HER2><HER2 Genes><HER2/neu><NEU Oncogene><NEU protein><Oncogene ErbB2><TKR1><c-erbB-2><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><erbB-2 Genes><herstatin><neu Genes><ERBB2 gene><ER Negative><Estrogen receptor negative><PR Negative><progesterone receptor negative><Therapeutic><Knowledge><Complex><Tumor Cell><neoplastic cell><Receptor Protein><receptor><RT-PCR><RTPCR><reverse transcriptase PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><ERalpha><ERα><Estradiol Receptor alpha><Estradiol Receptor α><Estrogen Receptor α><Estrogen Receptor alpha><expectation><novel><Negotiating><Negotiation><Mediation><Regulation><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Distant Cancer><Distant Metastasis><Tumor Invasion><Tumor Cell Invasion><STAT3><STAT3 gene><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Breast tumor model><mammary cancer model><mammary tumor model><Breast Cancer Model><Data><Detection><breast tumor cell><Breast Cancer Cell><Mesenchymal><in vivo><Cancer Biology><Osteolytic><Signaling Molecule><developmental><Development><TNBC><triple-negative breast cancer><triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma><cancer microenvironment><tumor microenvironment><neutralizing mAb><neutralizing monoclonal antibodies><Population><metastatic process><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><murine model><mouse model><tumor><FDA approved><patient population><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><Breast Metastasis><Breast cancer metastasis><Breast Tumor Patient><Breast Cancer Patient><Metastatic breast cancer><translational impact>
47 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><macrophage><Mφ><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neuroglia><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><living system><Organism><Pathology><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Retina><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Degeneration><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Diseases><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><Population Heterogeneity><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Injury><injuries><Peripheral><Acute><repaired><repair><Phase><Histologic><Histologically><Physiological><Physiologic><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Lesion><damage to retina><retinal damage><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immunes><Immune><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><retinal regeneration><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Neuraxis><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Pathway interactions><pathway><healing><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><design><designing><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity>
48 <Cell Extracts><Color><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Fishes><Follow-Up Studies><Followup Studies><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Genes><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Maintenance><Methods><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Public Health><Thyroid Hormone Receptor><Research><Retina><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Role><social role><Testing><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Mediating><RXR><9-cis-Retinoic Acid Receptor><RXR Protein><Retinoic Acid Receptor RXR><Retinoid X Receptors><Data Set><Dataset><In Situ Hybridization><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><Injury><injuries><base><Biological><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><insight><Individual><Color blindness><Genetic><tool><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><Knowledge><cell type><Pattern><Locus Control Region><Receptor Protein><receptor><synapse formation><synaptogenesis><member><Regulation><Modeling><response><Human X Chromosome><chromatin remodeling><Regenerative Medicine><degenerative condition><degenerative disease><Degenerative Disorder><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Defect><Data><Validation><Knock-out><Knockout><Process><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><Population><combinatorial><loss of function><gain of function><vision science><visual science><treatment strategy><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Cone><Hormone use><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><CRISPR/Cas technology><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><hormonal signals><hormone signals><single-cell RNA sequencing><scRNA-seq><single cell RNA-seq><single cell RNAseq><cell replacement therapy>
49 <Cell Extracts><Cells><Cell Body><Color><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Fishes><Follow-Up Studies><Followup Studies><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Genes><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Maintenance><Methods><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Public Health><Thyroid Hormone Receptor><Research><Retina><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Role><social role><Testing><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Mediating><9-cis-Retinoic Acid Receptor><RXR Protein><Retinoic Acid Receptor RXR><Retinoid X Receptors><RXR><Dataset><Data Set><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><In Situ Hybridization><injuries><Injury><base><Biological><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Adolescent><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Retinal Cone><insight><Individual><Color blindness><Replacement Therapy><Genetic><tool><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><Knowledge><cell type><Pattern><Locus Control Region><Receptor Protein><receptor><synapse formation><synaptogenesis><member><Regulation><Modeling><response><Human X Chromosome><chromatin remodeling><Regenerative Medicine><degenerative condition><degenerative disease><Degenerative Disorder><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Defect><Data><Validation><Knockout><Knock-out><Process><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional signature><Gene Expression Profile><Population><combinatorial><loss of function><gain of function><visual science><vision science><treatment strategy><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome sequencing><Cone><Hormone use><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><differential expression><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><CRISPR/Cas technology><hormone signals><hormonal signals><scRNA-seq><single cell RNA-seq><single cell RNAseq><single-cell RNA sequencing>
50 <Cell Extracts><Color><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Fishes><Follow-Up Studies><Followup Studies><gene therapy><DNA Therapy><Gene Transfer Clinical><Genetic Intervention><gene repair therapy><gene-based therapy><genetic therapy><genomic therapy><Genes><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Maintenance><Methods><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><living system><Organism><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Photoreceptors><Public Health><Thyroid Hormone Receptor><Research><Retina><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinal Pigments><social role><Role><Testing><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Thyroid Hormones><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Mediating><RXR><9-cis-Retinoic Acid Receptor><RXR Protein><Retinoic Acid Receptor RXR><Retinoid X Receptors><Data Set><Dataset><In Situ Hybridization><in situ Hybridization Genetics><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><Injury><injuries><base><Biological><biologic><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><insight><Individual><Color blindness><Genetic><tool><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><Knowledge><cell type><Pattern><Locus Control Region><Receptor Protein><receptor><synapse formation><synaptogenesis><member><Regulation><Modeling><response><Human X Chromosome><chromatin remodeling><Regenerative Medicine><degenerative condition><degenerative disease><Degenerative Disorder><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Defect><Data><Validation><Knock-out><Knockout><Process><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><Population><combinatorial><loss of function><gain of function><vision science><visual science><treatment strategy><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Cone><Hormone use><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><CRISPR/Cas technology><CRISPR approach><CRISPR based approach><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR tools><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/CAS approach><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats approach><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><hormonal signals><hormone signals><single-cell RNA sequencing><scRNA-seq><single cell RNA-seq><single cell RNAseq><single cell expression profiling><single cell transcriptomic profiling><cell replacement therapy><cell replacement treatment>
51 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Comparative Study><Cessation of life><Death><Disease><Disorder><Foundations><Future><Gene Expression><Gliosis><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Heterogeneity><Human><Modern Man><macrophage><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Neuroglia><Glia><Glial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Neuroglial Cells><Non-neuronal cell><Nonneuronal cell><nerve cement><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Pathology><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Measures><Mediating><diverse populations><heterogeneous population><population diversity><Population Heterogeneity><injuries><Injury><Peripheral><Acute><repair><repaired><Phase><Histologically><Histologic><Physiologic><Physiological><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Microglia><Lesion><damage to retina><retinal damage><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Therapeutic><Morphology><Infiltration><Shapes><Vesicle><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><Immunes><Immune><Reaction><Source><cell type><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><retinal regeneration><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><novel><Participant><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Inflammatory Response><cytotoxic><Data><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><pathway><Pathway interactions><healing><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><designing><design><Outcome><Population><retinal neuron><regenerative><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome>
52 <Adhesions><Basement membrane><Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Adhesion><Cellular Adhesion><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Pharmacology><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><Role><social role><seal><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stroke><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><injuries><Injury><Surface><Acute><Phase><Physiologic><Physiological><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Knockout Mice><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><inflammatory mediator><Inflammation Mediators><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Amentia><Dementia><Autocrine Systems><autocrine><brain cell><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><AKT2 gene><Regulation><Modeling><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Traumatic Brain Injury><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><FOXO1A gene><Data><Tet><Tetanus Helper Peptide><in vivo><Gene Transfer><KI mice><knockin mice><Knock-in Mouse><Pathologic><Molecular><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><cost><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><neural dysfunction><Neuronal Dysfunction><innovate><innovative><innovation><Impairment><murine model><mouse model><combat><overexpress><overexpression><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><screening><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><multiple sclerosis patient><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><preservation><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function><blood-brain barrier function>
53 <Adhesions><Basement membrane><Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Adhesion><Cellular Adhesion><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><de-myelinating diseases><de-myelinating disorders><demyelinating conditions><demyelination diseases><demyelination disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Persons><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Pharmacology><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><social role><Role><seal><Signal Pathway><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><Stroke><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Injury><injuries><Surface><Acute><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Knockout Mice><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><inflammatory mediator><Inflammation Mediators><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Amentia><Dementia><Autocrine Systems><autocrine><brain cell><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><AKT2 gene><Regulation><Modeling><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Traumatic Brain Injury><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Neuraxis><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><FOXO1A gene><Data><Tetanus Helper Peptide><Tet><in vivo><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><KI mice><knockin mice><Pathologic><Molecular><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><Neuronal Dysfunction><neural dysfunction><innovation><innovate><innovative><Impairment><mouse model><murine model><overexpression><overexpress><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><screening><multiple sclerosis patient><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><preservation><blood-brain barrier function><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function>
54 <Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Persons><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><Role><social role><seal><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stroke><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><stroked><strokes><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><injuries><Injury><Acute><Phase><Physiologic><Physiological><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Knockout Mice><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><inflammatory mediator><Inflammation Mediators><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Dementia><Amentia><autocrine><Autocrine Systems><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2 gene><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><Regulation><Modeling><surface coating><Traumatic Brain Injury><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><gene repression><Gene Down-Regulation><Transcription Repression><Transcriptional Repression><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FOXO1A gene><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><Data><in vivo><Cell Adhesion Inhibition><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><KI mice><knockin mice><Pathologic><Molecular><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><neural inflammation><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><neural dysfunction><Neuronal Dysfunction><innovate><innovative><innovation><Impairment><murine model><mouse model><overexpress><overexpression><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><screenings><screening><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><people with Multiple sclerosis><multiple sclerosis patient><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><preservation><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function><blood-brain barrier function><pharmacologic><Blood brain barrier dysfunction><Adhesions><Basement membrane><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cell Separation><Cell Isolation><Cell Segregation><Cell Separation Technology><cell sorting><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><de-myelinating diseases><de-myelinating disorders><demyelinating conditions><demyelination diseases><demyelination disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis>
55 <Adhesions><Basement membrane><Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Vessels><vascular><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Cell Adhesion><Cellular Adhesion><Cell Communication><Cell Interaction><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cells><Cell Body><Central Nervous System Diseases><CNS Diseases><CNS disorder><Central Nervous System Disorders><Collagen Type IV><Collagen IV><Type IV (Basement Membrane) Collagen><Cues><Demyelinating Diseases><Demyelinating Disorders><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Hemorrhage><Bleeding><blood loss><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Interleukin-1 beta><Beta Proprotein Interleukin 1><IL-1 beta><IL-1 β><IL-1-b><IL-1β><IL1-Beta><IL1-β><IL1B Protein><IL1F2><IL1β><Interleukin 1beta><Interleukin-1β><Preinterleukin 1 Beta><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><Transgenic Mice><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Pharmacology><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Repression><Research><Role><social role><seal><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stroke><Apoplexy><Brain Vascular Accident><Cerebral Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebrovascular Stroke><brain attack><cerebral vascular accident><cerebrovascular accident><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><United States><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Work><biglycan><Bgn protein><PG-S1><bone proteoglycan I><proteoglycan I><proteoglycan S1><decorin><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Injury><injuries><Surface><Acute><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><Knockout Mice><KO mice><Knock-out Mice><Null Mouse><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Brain Metastasis><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><brain micrometastasis><Lesion><Endothelial Cells><insight><Individual><Tight Junctions><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Disease Progression><Inflammation Mediators><inflammatory mediator><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Therapeutic><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Techniques><Amentia><Dementia><Autocrine Systems><autocrine><brain cell><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><solute><expression vector><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><Histopathology><novel><Reporting><AKT2><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2 protein kinase><Akt-beta protein><PKBbeta><PRKBB><Protein Kinase B Beta><RAC-BETA><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><rac-PK beta><rac-PK beta protein><AKT2 gene><Regulation><Modeling><Brain Trauma><traumatic brain damage><Traumatic Brain Injury><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FKHR><FOXO1><FOXO1A><Forkhead Box O1A><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><FOXO1A gene><Data><Tetanus Helper Peptide><Tet><in vivo><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><KI mice><knockin mice><Pathologic><Molecular><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><cost><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><Neuronal Dysfunction><neural dysfunction><innovation><innovate><innovative><Impairment><mouse model><murine model><overexpression><overexpress><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><screening><multiple sclerosis patient><MS patient><patients with MS><patients with multiple sclerosis><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><preservation><blood-brain barrier function><BBB function><bloodbrain barrier function>
56 <Actins><Affect><ages><Age><Aging><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Bedrest><Bed rest><bone><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Bone Marrow><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Aging><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Cytoskeleton><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Disabled Persons><Health><In Vitro><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mus><locomotor system><Musculoskeletal System><Nuclear Membrane><Nuclear Envelope><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteogenesis><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><QOL><Quality of life><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><medical costs><Medical Care Costs><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><attenuate><attenuates><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanic><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Proliferation><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Skeleton><skeletons><response><mimetics><Transcriptional Regulation><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Binding><Molecular Interaction><F-Actin><Filamentous Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Effectiveness><prevent><preventing><Weight-Bearing state><Load Bearing><Weight Bearing><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Data><Proliferating><in vivo><Nuclear Structure><Nuclear Translocation><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><age dependent><age related><designing><design><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><progenitor proliferation><stem and progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><progenitor function><stem and progenitor cell function><stem and progenitor function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><progenitor growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><progenitor aging><progenitor cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
57 <Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cues><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><Osteogenesis><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age related><age dependent><design><designing><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging>
58 <Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Membrane><Nuclear Envelope><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteogenesis><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><QOL><Quality of life><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age related><age dependent><design><designing><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
59 <Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cues><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><corpulency><corpulentia><obese><obese people><obese person><obese population><Osteogenesis><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><medical costs><Medical Care Costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age dependent><age related><designing><design><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><preservation><progenitor cell proliferation><stem cell proliferation><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><Impaired healing>
60 <Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Membrane><Nuclear Envelope><adiposity><corpulence><Obesity><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteogenesis><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><QOL><Quality of life><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><stem cells><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><response><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Differentiation and Growth><in vivo><Nuclear Translocation><Molecular><Process><age related><age dependent><design><designing><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><osteogenic><mechanotransduction><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><preservation><stem cell proliferation><progenitor cell proliferation><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><stem cell function><progenitor cell function><stem cell growth><progenitor Cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue><Actins><Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin>
61 <Affect><Age><ages><Aging><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Foundations><Health><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><Osteoporosis><Perception><Quality of life><QOL><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Time><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><Medical Care Costs><medical costs><base><improved><Site><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Knowledge><mechanical><Mechanics><Complex><Musculoskeletal><Nuclear><interest><novel><Prevention><Modality><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Skeleton><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><preventing><prevent><Load-Bearing><Loadbearing><Weight-Bearing><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Address><Data><Molecular><Process><design><designing><aged><Impairment><parent grant><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><Impaired healing><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging>
62 <Actins><Affect><ages><Age><Aging><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Bed rest><Bedrest><bone><Bone Marrow><Bone Marrow Reticuloendothelial System><Cell Aging><Cell Senescence><Cellular Aging><Cellular Senescence><Replicative Senescence><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Chromatin><Communication><Communities><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Environment><Exercise><Foundations><Genes><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><In Vitro><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Obesity><adiposity><corpulence><Osteogenesis><Bone Formation><bone tissue formation><Osteoporosis><Perception><Phenotype><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Transducers><Measures><Mediating><medical costs><Medical Care Costs><improved><Site><Clinical><Chemicals><Physical activity><Failure><Stimulus><Individual><Recovery><Gene Targeting><Attenuated><attenuate><attenuates><Knowledge><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Complex><Source><vibration><Musculoskeletal><skeletal><Nuclear><Inferior><interest><Cell Proliferation><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><novel><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Skeleton><skeletons><response><mimetics><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Control><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Regenerative Medicine><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><Load Bearing><Weight Bearing><Weight-Bearing state><Mesenchymal Differentiation><Data><Proliferating><in vivo><Nuclear Structure><Nuclear Translocation><transmission process><Transmission><Molecular><Process><age dependent><age related><designing><design><bone quality><Prevalence><aged><Impairment><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><osteogenic><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><preservation><progenitor cell proliferation><stem cell proliferation><Healing abnormal><Healing delayed><Impaired healing><progenitor cell function><stem cell function><progenitor Cell growth><stem cell growth><Regenerative capacity><regeneration ability><regeneration capacity><regeneration potential><regenerative potential><stem cell aging><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
63 <Amino Acid Sequence><Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Animals><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biology><Cells><Cell Body><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA-Binding Proteins><Exhibits><Goals><Head><Health><Human><Modern Man><Organism><living system><Research><research and development><Development and Research><R & D><R&D><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Testing><transcription factor><Basal Transcription Factor><Basal transcription factor genes><General Transcription Factor Gene><General Transcription Factors><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><Transcription factor genes><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Universities><notch protein><notch><notch receptors><promotor><promoter><Schedule><DNA Sequence><base><improved><Procedures><Training><Individual><restraint><Protein Dimerization><Dimerization><Knowledge><cell biology><Cellular biology><Dimensions><Complex><human tissue><Pattern><System><preference><dimer><monomer><high school><knowledgebase><knowledge base><novel><graduate student><Reporting><DNA Binding Interaction><DNA bound><DNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Transcription Activator><Transcription Factor Coactivator><Transcriptional Activator><Transcriptional Activator/Coactivator><Transcriptional Coactivator><transcription co-activator><transcriptional co-activator><Transcription Coactivator><Address><R15 Mechanism><R15 Program><Academic Research Enhancement Awards><Affinity><Data><Heterodimerization><Mutate><Transcript><Molecular><pathway><Pathway interactions><Output><Coupled><fundamental research><mammalian genome><human disease><ChIP Sequencing><chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing><ChIP-seq><undergraduate><undergraduate student><experiment><experimental research><experimental study>
64 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><tumor progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><ubiquitin ligase><designing><design><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><misfolded protein><Molecular Disease>
65 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease>
66 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><design><designing><Outcome><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease>
67 <Affect><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><aberrant folded protein><aberrant folded proteins><abnormal folded protein><abnormal folded proteins><misfolded proteins><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease><rational design>
68 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biophysics><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Malignant Neoplasms><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Client><Mucoviscidosis><Cystic Fibrosis><Disorder><Disease><Exhibits><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><conformational state><conformation><Molecular Stereochemistry><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Conformation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Testing><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><hsp90 Family><HSP90><HSP-90><tool><Complex><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><mutant><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Structure><novel><Multiprotein Complexes><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovative><innovate><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><proteotoxin><proteotoxic protein><Molecular Disease>
69 <Affect><inhibitor><Binding Sites><Combining Site><Reactive Site><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Client><Cystic Fibrosis><Mucoviscidosis><Disease><Disorder><Exhibits><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nucleotides><Play><Proteins><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Specificity><Testing><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Yeasts><Mediating><protein folding><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biochemical><Ensure><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><HSP-90><HSP90><hsp90 Family><Heat-Shock Proteins 90><tool><Complex><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><mutant><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Structure><novel><Macromolecular Protein Complexes><Multiprotein Complexes><Proteomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Defect><ATP Hydrolysis><Data><Mutate><in vivo><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><ubiquitin ligase><Ubiquitin Ligase Component Gene><Ubiquitin Ligase Gene><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><Cancerous><Oncogenic><human disease><misfolded protein><aberrant folded protein><aberrant folded proteins><abnormal folded protein><abnormal folded proteins><misfolded proteins><proteotoxic protein><proteotoxin><Molecular Disease><rational design>
70 <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Lecithin><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylserines><Phosphatides><Phospholipids><Play><Proteins><Racial Group><Racial Stocks><Race><Research><social role><Role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><Cataract><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><base><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><insight><Individual><Measurement><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><membrane structure><Membrane><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age related><age dependent><lens transparency><lens><lenses><Structural Protein>
71 <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><plasmalemma><Plasma Membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Cell membrane><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cholesterol><lens protein><Crystallins><Cytoplasm><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><ESR Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><Eyeball><Eye><Goals><Health><History><Recording of previous events><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ocular Lens><Eye Lens><Crystalline Lens><Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Methods><Moles><Mole the mammal><Phosphatidylcholines><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Lecithin><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Cephalins><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylserines><Phosphatides><Phospholipids><Play><Proteins><Racial Stocks><Racial Group><Race><Research><social role><Role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><cataractous lenses><cataractogenesis><Cataract><base><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><insight><Individual><Measurement><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><Membrane><membrane structure><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><protein structure><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age related><age dependent><lens transparency><lens><lenses><Structural Protein>
72 <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Lecithin><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Phosphatidylserines><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phospholipids><Phosphatides><Play><Proteins><Race><Racial Group><Racial Stocks><Research><Role><social role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><Cataract><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><base><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><insight><Individual><Measurement><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><membrane structure><Membrane><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age related><age dependent><lens transparency><lens><lenses><Structural Protein>
73 <Affect><Age><ages><alpha-Crystallins><α-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Lecithin><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Phosphatidylserines><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phospholipids><Phosphatides><Play><Proteins><Race><Racial Group><Racial Stocks><Research><Role><social role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><Cataract><base><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><insight><Individual><Measurement><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><membrane structure><Membrane><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><developmental><Development><age dependent><age related><lens transparency><lenses><lens><Structural Protein>
74 <Affect><ages><Age><α-Crystallins><alpha-Crystallins><Animals><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cholesterol><Crystallins><lens protein><Cytoplasm><Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy><EPR spectroscopy><ESR Spectroscopy><Electron Paramagnetic Resonance><Electron Spin Resonance><Paramagnetic Resonance><electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy><Eye><Eyeball><Goals><Health><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Crystalline Lens><Eye Lens><Ocular Lens><Lipids><Membrane Lipids><Cell Membrane Lipids><Methods><Mole the mammal><Moles><Lecithin><Choline Glycerophospholipids><Choline Phosphoglycerides><Phosphatidylcholines><Phosphatidylethanolamine><Cephalins><Ethanolamine Phosphoglycerides><Ethanolamineglycerophospholipids><O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-ethanolamine><Phosphatidylserines><Serine Phosphoglycerides><Phospholipids><Phosphatides><Play><Proteins><Race><Races><racial><racial background><racial origin><Research><Role><social role><Sphingomyelins><Testing><Work><cataractogenesis><cataractous lenses><Cataract><biologic><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><insight><Individual><Measurement><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Physical assessment><Knowledge><Techniques><Nuclear><age group><experience><fiber cell><fluidity><light scattering><membrane model><Membrane><membrane structure><oxygen transport><physical property><aqueous><Reporting><Modeling><Sampling><Property><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><Affinity><Molecular><sex><Development><developmental><age dependent><age related><lens transparency><lenses><lens><Structural Protein>
75 <Affect><Algorithms><Behavior><Biocompatible Materials><biological material><Biomaterials><Blood Vessels><vascular><Cell Body><Cells><Collagen><Connective Tissue><Cues><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibroblasts><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Modern Man><Human><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><Rhythmicity><Cyclicity><Periodicity><Production><Productivity><Proteins><Public Health><QOL><Quality of life><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Research Proposals><social role><Role><Stress><Tendons><Tendon structure><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Universities><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Competence><Mediating><Workplace><work setting><Worksite><Work-Site><Work Place><Work Location><Job Site><Job Setting><Job Place><Job Location><Guidelines><Injury><base><density><improved><Surface><Chronic><repaired><repair><Anabolism><biosynthesis><soft tissue><Fiber><Stimulus><Individual><Therapeutic><Exposure to><Shapes><scaffold><scaffolding><Bioreactors><Knowledge><Mechanics><mechanical><Scientist><Dimensions><Complex><3-Dimensional><3D><3-D><Musculoskeletal><Visit><kinematics><kinematic model><novel><Reporting><Modeling><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Mechanical Stimulation><Data><Dense Connective Tissue><in vivo><Connective and Soft Tissue><Validation><Development><developmental><cost><healing><injured><predictive modeling><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><design><designing><conditioning><Outcome><Network-based><functional restoration><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><mechanical behavior><evidence base><effective therapy><effective treatment><regenerative><clinical practice><undergraduate student><undergraduate><mechanical properties><Modulus><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><preservation><stress state>
76 <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mental health care><mental healthcare><mortality><Motivation><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Out-patients><Outpatients><Patients><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Social Environment><Software><Computer software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><pediatric><Childhood><institutional climate><organizational climate><Measurement><Funding><randomized control trial><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Electronic Health Record><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><burden of illness><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><improve symptom><symptom improvement><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure><implementation intervention><implementation efforts><digital health><provider behavior><clinician behavior><physician behavior><pilot test>
77 <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Behavior><Mental disorders><psychological disorder><psychiatric illness><mental illness><Psychiatric Disorder><Psychiatric Disease><Mental health disorders><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Economical Income><Economic Income><Income><Investments><Leadership><Psychological Health><Mental Hygiene><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene Services><Mental Health Services><mortality><Motivation><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Out-patients><Outpatients><Patients><wellbeing><well-being><Personal Satisfaction><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Software><Computer software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth 10-21><Youth><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><Childhood><pediatric><organizational climate><institutional climate><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><randomized controlled study><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Care Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Patient outcome><Electronic Health Record><electronic healthcare record><electronic health care record><burden of illness><years of life lost to disease><years of life lost to disability><disease burden><burden of disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><symptom improvement><improve symptom><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><Infrastructure>
78 <Communities><Interview><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><Methods><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Parents><Public Health><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Supervision><Testing><Work><Healthcare><health care><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><Workplace><Job Location><Job Place><Job Setting><Job Site><Work Location><Work Place><Work-Site><Worksite><work setting><base><career><improved><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Link><Failure><organizational climate><institutional climate><Policies><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><programs><Scientist><Complex><Techniques><psychosocial><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Evidence based practice><Data><cost><digital><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><infrastructure development><clinical practice><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Workforce Development><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure>
79 <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mortality><Motivation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Outpatients><Out-patients><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Social Environment><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Computer software><Software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><Childhood><pediatric><organizational climate><institutional climate><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Electronic Health Record><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><burden of illness><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><improve symptom><symptom improvement><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure><implementation intervention><implementation efforts><digital health><provider behavior><clinician behavior><physician behavior>
80 <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mental health care><mental healthcare><mortality><Motivation><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Out-patients><Outpatients><Patients><well-being><wellbeing><Personal Satisfaction><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Social Environment><Software><Computer software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth><Youth 10-21><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><pediatric><Childhood><institutional climate><organizational climate><Measurement><Funding><randomized control trial><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Electronic Health Record><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><burden of illness><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><care systems><care services><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><symptomatic improvement><improve symptom><symptom improvement><randomized trial><Randomization trial><Big Data><BigData><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><strategies for implementation><Infrastructure><implementation intervention><implementation efforts><digital health><provider behavior><clinician behavior><physician behavior><pilot test>
81 <Accounting><Age><ages><Algorithms><Behavior><Mental disorders><Mental health disorders><Psychiatric Disease><Psychiatric Disorder><mental illness><psychiatric illness><psychological disorder><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Communities><Consultations><Diagnosis><Exhibits><Expenditure><Feedback><Health Services><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Investments><Leadership><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Mental Health Services><Mental Hygiene Services><mortality><Motivation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Outpatients><Out-patients><Patients><Personal Satisfaction><well-being><wellbeing><Psychotherapy><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Social Environment><social climate><social context><socioenvironment><socioenvironmental><Computer software><Software><Testing><Time><Training Programs><Treatment outcome><Administrator><Mediating><Organizational Change><Youth 10-21><Youth><Caring><base><career><improved><Clinical><Phase><Medical><Link><Training><disability><pediatric><Childhood><institutional climate><organizational climate><Measurement><Funding><Randomized Controlled Trials><Scientist><Adopted><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><System><Country><behavior change><Services><experience><social organization><Modality><social><Health Care Technology><Healthcare Technology><Health Technology><behavioral health><theories><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Provider><Address><Health system><Child Mental Health><Symptoms><Evidence based practice><Data><Patient outcome><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Patient-Focused Outcomes><electronic health care record><electronic healthcare record><Electronic Health Record><burden of disease><disease burden><years of life lost to disability><years of life lost to disease><burden of illness><care services><care systems><digital><Outcome><Impairment><community setting><effective intervention><evidence base><improve symptom><symptom improvement><symptomatic improvement><Randomization trial><randomized trial><BigData><Big Data><leadership development><improved outcome><Service setting><implementation strategy><Infrastructure>
82 <Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain Stem><Brainstem><spinal fluid><cerebral spinal fluid><Cerebrospinal Fluid><Diagnosis><Disorder><Disease><foramen magnum><Goals><head ache><Head Pain><Cranial Pain><Cephalodynia><Cephalgia><Cephalalgia><Headache><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Zeugmatography><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging><NMR Tomography><NMR Imaging><Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><MRI><MR Tomography><MR Imaging><Magnetic Resonance Imaging><Motion><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><nervous system disorder><Obstruction><Patients><Physicians><pressure><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Medulla Spinalis><Spinal Cord><backbone><Spine><Spinal Column><Vertebral column><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Work><X-Ray Medical Imaging><X-Ray Imaging><Roentgenography><Radiography><Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology><Diagnostic X-Ray><Diagnostic Radiology><Conventional X-Ray><Diagnostic radiologic examination><Measures><Cranial Base><Basis cranii><Basicranium><skull base><Cerebellar tonsil><cerebellar tonsilla><base><Image Analysis><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Left><Clinical><Phase><Measurement><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Multicenter Studies><Multi-center studies><Morphology><tool><Diagnostic><Techniques><Location><brain tissue><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><Early Diagnosis><early detection><success><relating to nervous system><neural><Stretching><novel><member><Pathogenesis><Positioning Attribute><Position><Incidental Findings><Chiari Malformation Type 1><Tonsil><tonsillar><Neuraxis><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Posterior Fossa><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Symptoms><Data><Clinical Management><Common Data Element><Cardiac><Image><imaging><cost><Outcome><malformation><high risk><symptomatic improvement><symptom improvement><improve symptom><Biological Markers><biomarker><biologic marker><bio-markers><operation><bulk motion><common symptom><overtreatment><over-treatment><tissue stress>
83 <Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Brain Stem><Brainstem><Cerebrospinal Fluid><cerebral spinal fluid><spinal fluid><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><foramen magnum><Goals><Headache><Cephalalgia><Cephalgia><Cephalodynia><Cranial Pain><Head Pain><head ache><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Magnetic Resonance Imaging><MR Imaging><MR Tomography><MRI><Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance><NMR Imaging><NMR Tomography><Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging><Zeugmatography><Motion><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><nervous system disorder><Nervous System Diseases><Neurologic Disorders><Neurological Disorders><neurological disease><Obstruction><Patients><Physicians><pressure><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Spinal Cord><Medulla Spinalis><Vertebral column><Spinal Column><Spine><backbone><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><Diagnostic radiologic examination><Conventional X-Ray><Diagnostic Radiology><Diagnostic X-Ray><Diagnostic X-Ray Radiology><Radiography><Roentgenography><X-Ray Imaging><X-Ray Medical Imaging><Xray imaging><Xray medical imaging><conventional Xray><diagnostic Xray><diagnostic Xray radiology><Measures><Basicranium><Basis cranii><Cranial Base><skull base><cerebellar tonsilla><Cerebellar tonsil><base><Left><Clinical><Phase><Measurement><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Multi-center studies><Multicenter Studies><Morphology><tool><Diagnostic><Techniques><Location><brain tissue><Operative Procedures><Surgical><Surgical Interventions><Surgical Procedure><surgery><Operative Surgical Procedures><early detection><Early Diagnosis><success><neural><relating to nervous system><Stretching><novel><member><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Incidental Findings><Chiari Malformation Type 1><tonsillar><Tonsil><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Posterior Fossa><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><Data><Clinical Management><Common Data Element><Cardiac><imaging><Image><cost><Outcome><malformation><high risk><improve symptom><symptom improvement><symptomatic improvement><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><Biological Markers><operation><bulk motion><common symptom><over-treatment><overtreatment><tissue stress>
84 <Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Atherosclerosis><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><atheromatosis><atherosclerotic disease><atherosclerotic vascular disease><Back><Dorsum><Bacteria><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cells><Cell Body><Chlamydia><Miyagawanella><bedsonia><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydial Infection><chlamydial disease><Chlamydophila psittaci><C psittaci><C. psittaci><Chlamydia psittaci><Chlamydia trachomatis><C trachomatis><C. trachomatis><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydiales><Chromosomes><Disease><Disorder><DNA-Binding Proteins><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Eukaryotic Cell><Genes><Genetic Screening><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histone H1><Histones><Indiana><Infection><Laboratories><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Lung diseases><Pulmonary Diseases><Pulmonary Disorder><Respiratory Disease><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory System Disorder><disease of the lung><disorder of the lung><lung disorder><Maps><Organism><living system><Parasites><Penicillins><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Production><Proteins><Role><social role><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Venereal Diseases><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Infections><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Suppressor Mutations><Temperature><Time><Trachoma><Translations><Universities><Work><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Mutagenesis><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><Chlamydia pneumoniae><Phase><Biochemical><Link><Chemicals><Genetic><Reporter><programs><Hour><Complex><cell type><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Viral><Apoptosis Response Protein><Hypothetical Protein><PRKC, Apoptosis, WT1, Regulator><Prostate Apoptosis Response Protein 4><Transcriptional Repressor PAR4><WT1-Interacting Protein><par-4 protein><PAWR protein><mutant><temperature sensitive mutant><novel><Environmental Factor><environmental risk><Environmental Risk Factor><Pathogenesis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Transcript Expression Analysis><gene expression analysis><gene expression assay><transcriptional profiling><Gene Expression Profiling><Regulation><Functional RNA><Non-Coding><Non-Coding RNA><Non-translated RNA><Noncoding RNA><Nontranslated RNA><noncoding><Untranslated RNA><microbial antibiotic resistant><microbial resistance to antibiotic><Microbial Antibiotic Resistance><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><genome sequencing><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><GeneHomolog><Homolog><Homologue><Homologous Gene><Antimicrobial resistant><Resistance to antimicrobial><anti-microbial resistance><anti-microbial resistant><resistance to anti-microbial><resistant to anti-microbial><resistant to antimicrobial><Antimicrobial Resistance><Data><Developmental Process><Sexually Transmitted Agents><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><pathogen><man's><man><obligate intracellular parasite><therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><genetic strategy><genetic approach><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><live cell imaging><entire genome><full genome><whole genome><human pathogen>
85 <Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Atherosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Back><Dorsum><Bacteria><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Body><Cells><bedsonia><Miyagawanella><Chlamydia><chlamydial disease><Chlamydial Infection><Chlamydia Infections><Chlamydia psittaci><C.psittaci><C. psittaci><C psittaci><Chlamydophila psittaci><Rickettsia trachomae><C. trachomatis><C trachomatis><Chlamydia trachomatis><Chlamydiales><Chromosomes><Disorder><Disease><DNA-Binding Proteins><Environment><balance function><balance><Equilibrium><Eukaryotic Cell><Genes><Genetic Screening><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histone H1><Histones><Indiana><Infection><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><lung disorder><disorder of the lung><disease of the lung><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Lung diseases><Maps><living system><Organism><Parasites><Penicillin Antibiotics><Penicillins><Phenotype><Pneumonia><Production><Proteins><social role><Role><Venereal Infections><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Suppressor Mutations><Temperature><Time><Trachoma><Translations><Universities><Work><Zoonotic Infection><Zoonotic><Zoonoses><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis><Chlamydia pneumoniae><C.pneumoniae><C. pneumoniae><C pneumoniae><Chlamydophila pneumoniae><Phase><Biochemical><Link><Chemicals><Genetic><Reporter><programs><Hour><Complex><cell type><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Viral><PAWR protein><par-4 protein><WT1-Interacting Protein><Transcriptional Repressor PAR4><Prostate Apoptosis Response Protein 4><PRKC, Apoptosis, WT1, Regulator><Hypothetical Protein><Apoptosis Response Protein><One-Step dentin bonding system><One Step><mutant><temperature sensitive mutant><novel><Environmental Risk Factor><environmental risk><Environmental Factor><Pathogenesis><Gene Expression Profiling><transcriptional profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Regulation><Untranslated RNA><noncoding><Nontranslated RNA><Noncoding RNA><Non-translated RNA><Non-Coding RNA><Non-Coding><Functional RNA><Microbial Antibiotic Resistance><microbial resistance to antibiotic><microbial antibiotic resistant><Molecular Interaction><Binding><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><genome sequencing><Candidate Disease Gene><Candidate Gene><Homologous Gene><Homologue><Homolog><GeneHomolog><Antimicrobial Resistance><resistant to antimicrobial><resistant to anti-microbial><resistance to anti-microbial><anti-microbial resistant><anti-microbial resistance><Resistance to antimicrobial><Antimicrobial resistant><Data><Developmental Process><Sexually Transmitted Agents><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><pathogen><man><man's><obligate intracellular parasite><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><genetic approach><live cell imaging><live cellular imaging><live cellular image><live cell image><whole genome><full genome><entire genome><human pathogen>
86 <Accidental Falls><Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Age><ages><Elderly><senior citizen><older person><older adult><later life><late life><geriatric><elders><advanced age><Aging><Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Arthralgia><Joint Pain><Automobile Driving><driving><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Cessation of life><Death><Equilibrium><balance function><balance><Floor><Foundations><Gait><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Joint Instability><Joints><Knee><Knee joint><Lower Extremity><Membrum inferius><Lower Limb><Motion><Movement><body movement><Muscle><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Musculoskeletal System><locomotor system><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Obesity><obese population><obese person><obese people><obese><corpulentia><corpulency><corpulence><adiposity><Patients><Polishes><Prospective Studies><Recurrence><Recurrent><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Risk Factors><Training Programs><Universities><Work><Environmental Hazards><Measures><Articular Range of Motion><range of motion><Joint Range of Motion><Walking><falls><Competence><Joint Laxity><Joint Hypermobility><knee replacement arthroplasty><total knee arthroplasty><Total Knee Replacement><Knee replacement><Knee joint replacement operation><Knee arthroplasty><Data Set><Dataset><Muscle Weakness><Muscular Weakness><Friction><Injury><improved><Surface><Chronic><Physiologic><Physiological><Link><insight><young adulthood><adult youth><young adult><Funding><Impaired cognition><cognitively impaired><cognitive loss><cognitive dysfunction><Disturbance in cognition><Cognitive function abnormal><Cognitive decline><Cognitive Impairment><Cognitive Disturbance><Adopted><Principal Component Analysis><Principal Component Analyses><Reaction><Techniques><Musculoskeletal><muscle strength><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><experience><hazard><cohort><kinematics><kinematic model><Speed><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Modeling><response><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Three-Dimensional Imaging><Three Dimensional Medical Imaging><3D imaging><3-D Imaging><fall risk><Weight-Bearing state><Weightbearing><Weight-Bearing><Loadbearing><Load-Bearing><cognitive change><Age-Years><Data><Cognitive><Older Population><translation research><Translational Science><Translational Research><neuromuscular><aging effect><age effect><cost><Prevalence><aged><innovative><innovate><innovation><Impairment><neuromechanical><Neuromechanics><population aging><aged population><aging population><high risk><balance testing><cartilage degeneration><cartilage degradation><knee mechanics>
87 <Aftercare><post treatment><After-Treatment><After Care><Animals><Argon><Ar element><Atmospheric Pressure><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Burn injury><burned><Burns><Collagen><Computers><Debridement><Diabetes Mellitus><diabetes><Ear><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Fluorescence><Glass><Goals><Histology><Hybrids><In Vitro><Internships><intern><Ions><Medical Device><Mentors><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Necrosis><Necrotic><Oxygen><O2 element><O element><Pain><Painful><Patients><Plasma><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Pseudomonas><Flavimonas><Chrysemonas><Public Health><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Robotics><Science><Stains><Staining method><Staphylococcus aureus><Staph aureus><S.aureus><S. aureus><S aureus><Family suidae><suid><porcine><Swine><Suidae><Pigs><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Trypan Blue><Benzamine Blue><Vascular Diseases><vasculopathy><vascular dysfunction><blood vessel disorder><Vascular Disorder><Wound Infection><matrigel><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Technics><Imaging Procedures><Measures><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><Health Care Costs><Healthcare Costs><Health Costs><Healthcare><health care><Pro-Oxidants><Oxygen Radicals><Active Oxygen><Reactive Oxygen Species><career><improved><Procedures><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Image Analysis><Site><Area><Surface><Solid><Training><Consciousness><Conscious><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Confocal Microscopy><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><instrument><Knowledge><scalpel><light microscopy><Complex><Stream><Protocols documentation><Protocol><Source><Techniques><System><Location><Width><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><Ablation><Colony-forming units><Performance><success><cell killing><microbial><graduate student><Devices><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><response><portability><Tissue Sample><Readiness><Preparedness><Address><Resolution><in vivo><Patient-Centered Outcomes><Patient outcome><Patient-Focused Outcomes><Tissue Model><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><cost><healing><optic imaging><optical imaging><Advanced Development><designing><design><Outcome><wound><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><novel therapeutics><public health relevance><arm><undergraduate><undergraduate student><imaging system><summer research><chronic skin wound><chronic wound><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><microscopic imaging><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples><histological specimens><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><reduce pain><pain reduction>
88 <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Metabolic><Inflammatory><machine learned><Machine Learning><Immunes><Immune><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Prevention><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Modeling><Sampling><case control><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Mammary gland><Gland><preventing><prevent><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventative intervention><intervention for prevention><prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><preventive intervention><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community><mammary>
89 <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Immune response><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Metabolic><Inflammatory><Machine Learning><machine learned><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Partner in relationship><mate><Prevention><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Modeling><Sampling><case control><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Mammary gland><mammary><Gland><prevent><preventing><Etiology><Causality><causation><disease causation><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventive Intervention><Preventative intervention><Prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogenic bacteria><bacterial pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community>
90 <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum><post-partum><Postpartum Period><macromolecule><Clinical><Variation><Variant><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Metabolic><Inflammatory><machine learned><Machine Learning><Immunes><Immune><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Prevention><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Modeling><Sampling><case control><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><mammary><Mammary gland><Gland><preventing><prevent><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventative intervention><Prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Preventive Intervention><Characteristics><Molecular><developmental><Development><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><designing><design><Outcome><bacterial pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><community microbes><microbial community><Microbe><high risk><inflammation marker><inflammatory marker><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><Biological Markers><multiomics><multiple omics><metabonome><metabolome><inflammatory environment><inflammatory milieu><produce milk><milk production><DNA seq><DNAseq><DNA sequencing><milk microbiome><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><dysbiosis><bacterial community>
91 <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Pain><Painful><Phenotype><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Immune response><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Metabolic><Inflammatory><Machine Learning><machine learned><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Partner in relationship><mate><Prevention><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><Modeling><Sampling><case control><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Mammary gland><mammary><Gland><prevent><preventing><Etiology><Causality><causation><disease causation><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventive Intervention><Preventative intervention><Prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community>
92 <Affect><Animal Welfare><Animals><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Breast><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Cattle><Bovine Species><bovid><bovine><cow><Culture Media><growth media><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Fingerprint><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Industry><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Inflammation><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Light><Photoradiation><mastitis><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Microbiology><Milk><Modernization><Mothers><nutrition><Painful><Pain><Phenotype><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Risk><Risk Factors><Testing><Time><Woman><Work><Measures><Postpartum Period><Postpartum><post-partum><macromolecule><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Exclusive Breast Feeding><exclusively breast fed><exclusively breast feeding><exclusively breastfed><exclusively breastfeeding><Exclusive Breastfeeding><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Metabolic><Inflammatory><machine learned><Machine Learning><Immunes><Immune><Complex><Pattern><meetings><American><experience><microbial><Structure><offspring><Prevention><intervention therapy><Therapeutic Intervention><Modeling><Sampling><case-controlled><case control><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Mammary gland><Gland><preventing><prevent><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Economic Burden><Preventative intervention><intervention for prevention><prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><preventive intervention><Characteristics><Molecular><Development><developmental><Behavioral><microbiome><protein metabolite><cost><virtual><design><designing><Outcome><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><high risk><inflammatory marker><inflammation marker><Biological Markers><bio-markers><biologic marker><biomarker><multiple omics><multiomics><metabolome><metabonome><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><milk production><produce milk><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><milk microbiome><dysbiosis><dysbacteriosis><dysbiotic><microbial imbalance><bacterial community><mammary>
93 <Agriculture><agricultural><Alfalfa><Lucerne><Medicago sativa><Biological Monitoring><Biologic Monitoring><biomonitoring><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><youngster><Diet><diets><Far East><East Asia><Eastern Asia><Food><Food or Food Product><Genetic Engineering><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Recombinant DNA Technology><genetically engineered><Grant><Herbicides><Idaho><Infant><Informed Consent><Maps><Oregon><First Pregnancy Trimester><1st trimester><Early Placental Phase><First Trimester><Pregnant Women><expectant mother><expecting mother><pregnant mothers><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Seasons><Snakes><Students><Urine><Urine Urinary System><Woman><glyphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><gliphosate><Measures><falls><Procedures><sample collection><specimen collection><Series><Ensure><Measurement><Crossover Design><Cross-Over Designs><Funding><Dietary Intervention><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Organic Food><Exposure to><Rivers><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Source><Location><interest><meetings><success><cohort><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Participant><Sampling><Data><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><K-Series Research Career Programs><Career Development Awards><Career Development Awards and Programs><Career Development Programs K-Series><K-Awards><Research Career Program><Enrollment><enroll><Modification><Instruction><design><designing><pesticide exposure><Resistance><resistant><exposed human population><human exposure><Institutional Review Boards><IRB><IRBs><agricultural community><recruit><COVID-19><COVID19><CV-19><CV19><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><dietary>
94 <Agriculture><agricultural><Animals><Biological Monitoring><Biologic Monitoring><biomonitoring><Birth><Parturition><Carcinogens><Cancer Causing Agents><Oncogens><oncogenic agent><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><children><childrens'><youngster><Cohort Studies><Concurrent Studies><Diet><dietary><Faculty><Food><Food or Food Product><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Half-Life><Health><Herbicides><Human><Modern Man><Literature><Mentors><Mentorship><Pesticides><Plants><Second Pregnancy Trimester><2nd trimester><Midtrimester><Second Trimester><Third Pregnancy Trimester><3rd trimester><Last Trimester><Third Trimester><Pregnancy Trimesters><Pregnant Women><expectant mother><expecting mother><pregnant mothers><Publishing><Research><Research Design><Study Type><study design><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Science><Soil><Toxicology><Urine><Urine Urinary System><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Woman><glyphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><gliphosate><Measures><Agrochemicals><Agricultural Chemicals><Roundup><base><urban area><improved><specimen collection><sample collection><Area><Surface><Variation><Variant><Biological><Neurological><Neurologic><Training><excretion><Excretory function><Individual><Measurement><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Organic Food><Spottings><Genetic><Exposure to><Consensus><Frequencies><Source><Location><groundwater><ground water><cohort><Toxicities><Toxic effect><Participant><member><offspring><Sampling><exposed in utero><fetal exposure><in utero exposure><intra-uterine environmental exposure><intrauterine environmental exposure><prenatally exposed><prenatal exposure><depository><repository><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><vulnerable group><Vulnerable Populations><Data><IARC><International Agency for Research on Cancer><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Modification><urinary><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Population><resistant><Resistance><human exposure><exposed human population><training opportunity><Formulation><agricultural pesticide><recruit><individual heterogeneity><individual variability><individual variation>
95 <Agriculture><agricultural><Animals><Biological Monitoring><biomonitoring><Biologic Monitoring><Birth><Parturition><Carcinogens><oncogenic agent><Oncogens><Cancer Causing Agents><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Child><Concurrent Studies><Cohort Studies><dietary><Diet><Faculty><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Half-Life><Health><Herbicides><Modern Man><Human><Literature><Mentors><Mentorship><Pesticides><Plants><Second Trimester><Midtrimester><2nd trimester><Second Pregnancy Trimester><Third Trimester><Last Trimester><3rd trimester><Third Pregnancy Trimester><Pregnancy Trimesters><pregnant mothers><expecting mother><expectant mother><Pregnant Women><Publishing><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><Soil><Toxicology><Urine Urinary System><Urine><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Woman><gliphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><glyphosate><Measures><Agricultural Chemicals><Agrochemicals><Roundup><base><urban area><improved><sample collection><specimen collection><Area><Surface><Variant><Variation><Biological><Neurologic><Neurological><Training><Excretory function><excretion><Individual><Measurement><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Dietary Intervention><diet intervention><Nutritional Interventions><Nutrition Interventions><Organic Food><Spottings><Genetic><Exposure to><Consensus><Frequencies><Source><Location><ground water><groundwater><cohort><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Participant><member><offspring><Sampling><prenatal exposure><prenatally exposed><intrauterine environmental exposure><intra-uterine environmental exposure><in utero exposure><fetal exposure><exposed in utero><repository><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><Data><International Agency for Research on Cancer><IARC><Randomized><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Modification><urinary><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><Outcome><Population><Resistance><resistant><exposed human population><human exposure><training opportunity><Formulation><agricultural pesticide><recruit><individual variation><individual variability><individual heterogeneity>
96 <Agriculture><agricultural><Animals><Biological Monitoring><biomonitoring><Biologic Monitoring><Birth><Parturition><Carcinogens><oncogenic agent><Oncogens><Cancer Causing Agents><Child><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Cohort Studies><Concurrent Studies><Diet><dietary><Faculty><Food><Food or Food Product><Future><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Half-Life><Health><Herbicides><Human><Modern Man><Literature><Mentors><Mentorship><Pesticides><Plants><Second Pregnancy Trimester><Second Trimester><Midtrimester><2nd trimester><Third Pregnancy Trimester><Third Trimester><Last Trimester><3rd trimester><Pregnancy Trimesters><Pregnant Women><pregnant mothers><expecting mother><expectant mother><Publishing><Research><Research Design><study design><Study Type><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Science><Soil><Toxicology><Urine><Urine Urinary System><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Woman><glyphosate><gliphosate><N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine><Measures><Agrochemicals><Agricultural Chemicals><Roundup><base><urban area><improved><specimen collection><sample collection><Area><Surface><Variation><Variant><Biological><Neurological><Neurologic><Training><excretion><Excretory function><Individual><Measurement><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><diet intervention><Nutritional Interventions><Nutrition Interventions><Dietary Intervention><Organic Food><Spottings><Genetic><Exposure to><Consensus><Frequencies><Source><Location><ground water><groundwater><cohort><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Participant><member><offspring><Sampling><prenatal exposure><prenatally exposed><intrauterine environmental exposure><intra-uterine environmental exposure><in utero exposure><fetal exposure><exposed in utero><repository><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Vulnerable Populations><vulnerable group><Data><International Agency for Research on Cancer><IARC><Randomized><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Modification><urinary><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Population><resistant><Resistance><human exposure><exposed human population><training opportunity><Formulation><agricultural pesticide><recruit><individual variability><individual heterogeneity><individual variation>
97 <Cell physiology><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Embryo><Embryonic><gene therapy><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene Transfer Clinical><DNA Therapy><Genes><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Methods><Patients><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinitis Pigmentosa><Tapetoretinal Degeneration><Rod-Cone Dystrophy><Pigmentary Retinopathy><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Technology><Testing><Time><Transplantation><transplant><Treatment Protocols><Treatment Schedule><Treatment Regimen><Vertebrates><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Molecular Genetics><Mediating><promoter><promotor><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><in situ Hybridization Genetics><In Situ Hybridization><Injury><base><genetic manipulation><Label><Clinical><Series><rod cell><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><retinal rods><cone cell><Cone Photoreceptors><Retinal Cone><Lesion><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><Funding><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Genetic><Event><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><extracellular><receptor><Receptor Protein><retinal regeneration><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><Reporting><Regulation><Property><response><genetic resource><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><embryo stage 2><Blastomere><gene replacement therapy><small molecule><Retinoid Receptor><Molecular><developmental><Development><stem cell differentiation><Retinal><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><retinal progenitor cell><loss of function><photoreceptor progenitor><progenitor><iPSCs><iPSC><iPS><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><retinal neuron><regenerative><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome sequencing><Cone><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><differential expression><imaging approach><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation>
98 <Congenital Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Cells><Cell Body><Child><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1><Chromosome 1><Cytomegalovirus><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><Human Herpesvirus 5><HHV5><HHV 5><HCMV><CMV><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Family><Goals><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Sensory Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Infant><Newborn Infant><newborn children><newborn child><Newborns><0-4 weeks old><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><Microcephaly><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Morphogenesis><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Organism><living system><Parents><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Research><Role><social role><Schwann Cells><Neurilemmal Cell><Neurilemma Cell><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Translating><Viral Proteins><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Myelin P0 Protein><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><promoter><promotor><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Chromosomal Breaks><Chromosome Break><Source><System><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Viral><extracellular><protein degradation><Regulatory Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Biological Neural Networks><neural network><early childhood><CCCTC-binding factor><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CTCF protein><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><nerve stem cell><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><prevent><preventing><Defect><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Phase><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><knockdown><knock-down><migration><combat><CRISPR/Cas system><CRISPR><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
99 <Congenital Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Defects><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Malformation><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><children><childrens'><youngster><Chromosome 1><Cytomegalovirus><CMV><HCMV><HHV 5><HHV5><Human Herpesvirus 5><Salivary Gland Viruses><cytomegalovirus group><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Family><Goals><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Sensory Hearing Loss><sensorineural hearing impairment><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><Microcephaly><micrencephaly><microencephaly><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Morphogenesis><morphogenetic process><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Parents><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Research><Role><social role><Schwann Cells><Neurilemma Cell><Neurilemmal Cell><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virus Diseases><Viral Diseases><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease><Virus><Myelin P0 Protein><Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Glycoprotein><P0 Protein><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><promotor><promoter><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Chromosome Break><Chromosomal Breaks><Source><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Viral><extracellular><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Regulatory Protein Degradation><protein degradation><Gene Inactivation><transcriptional silencing><Gene Silencing><early childhood><CTCF protein><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CCCTC-binding factor><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><Neural Stem Cell><neural precursor><neural precursor cell><neural progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neuron progenitors><neuronal progenitor><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal stem cells><neuroprogenitor><nerve stem cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><preventing><prevent><Defect><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Infection><Lytic Phase><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><knockdown><knock-down><migration><combat><CRISPR><CRISPR/Cas system><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><neural network>
100 <Congenital Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Defects><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Malformation><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><youngster><Chromosome 1><Cytomegalovirus><CMV><HCMV><Salivary Gland Viruses><cytomegalovirus group><Disease><Disorder><Down-Regulation><Downregulation><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Family><Goals><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Sensory Hearing Loss><sensorineural hearing impairment><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Infant><Newborn Infant><0-4 weeks old><Newborns><newborn child><newborn children><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><Microcephaly><micrencephaly><microencephaly><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Morphogenesis><morphogenetic process><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Organism><living system><Parents><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Research><Role><social role><Schwann Cells><Neurilemma Cell><Neurilemmal Cell><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Translating><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virus Diseases><Viral Diseases><viral infection><virus infection><virus-induced disease><Virus><Myelin P0 Protein><Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Glycoprotein><P0 Protein><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><promoter><promotor><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Chromosome Break><Chromosomal Breaks><Source><System><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><vision loss><visual loss><Blindness><Viral><extracellular><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Regulatory Protein Degradation><protein degradation><Gene Inactivation><transcriptional silencing><Gene Silencing><early childhood><CTCF protein><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CCCTC-binding factor><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><Neural Stem Cell><neural precursor><neural precursor cell><neural progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neuron progenitors><neuronal progenitor><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal stem cells><neuroprogenitor><nerve stem cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><preventing><prevent><Defect><Lytic Phase><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Infection><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><knock-down><knockdown><migration><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><CRISPR><CRISPR/Cas system><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><neural network>
101 <Congenital Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Affect><Automobile Driving><driving><Basement membrane><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Birth><Parturition><Blood Vessels><vascular><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Cell Body><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Child><Chromosome 1><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><Human Herpesvirus 5><HHV5><HHV 5><HCMV><CMV><Cytomegalovirus><Disorder><Disease><Downregulation><Down-Regulation><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Family><Goals><Sensory Hearing Loss><Sensorineural Deafness><Sensorineural Hearing Loss><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Infant><newborn children><newborn child><Newborns><0-4 weeks old><Newborn Infant><Infection><Maps><Mental Retardation><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Microcephaly><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Morphogenesis><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><living system><Organism><Parents><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Proteins><Research><social role><Role><Neurilemmal Cell><Neurilemma Cell><Schwann Cells><Testing><Time><tissue culture><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Translating><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><Myelin P0 Protein><promotor><promoter><Site><Clinical><Peripheral Nervous System><Link><Endothelial Cells><optic cup><Fostering><congenital infection><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Chromosomal Breaks><Chromosome Break><Source><System><3-Dimensional><3D><3-D><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Viral><extracellular><protein degradation><Regulatory Protein Degradation><Protein Turnover><Metabolic Protein Degradation><Gene Silencing><transcriptional silencing><Gene Inactivation><early childhood><CCCTC-binding factor><DNA-binding protein CTCF><CTCF protein><Prevention><Reporting><nidogen-1><Regulation><nerve stem cell><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor cell><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><protein expression><Tissue Sample><preventing><prevent><Defect><Lytic Phase><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Nerve Sheaths><1q23><1q42><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><knock-down><knockdown><migration><combat><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats><CRISPR/Cas system><CRISPR><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><neural network>
102 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Differentiation Antigens><Marker Antigens><Differentiation Markers><Differentation Markers><Cell Hypoxia><Cellular Hypoxia><Cellular Anoxia><Cell Anoxia><Cells><Cell Body><Collagen><Engineering><Enzymes><Enzyme Gene><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Space><Intercellular Space><Fibroblasts><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Motion><Osteoblasts><Periodicity><Rhythmicity><Cyclicity><Play><Porifera><Sponges><Production><Role><social role><Seeds><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Tendon Injuries><Tendon structure><Tendons><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Generations><Interstitial Collagenase><Matrix Metalloproteinase-1><MMP1><MMP-1Fibroblast Collagenase><MMP-1><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><Matrix Metalloproteinase-2><MMP-2><Gelatinase Neutrophil><72kD type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Gelatinase><Gelatinase A><base><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Dermal><Collagen Fiber><Chondrocytes><insight><Stimulus><Normal tissue morphology><Normal Tissue><Cleaved cell><cleaved><scaffold><scaffolding><Mechanics><mechanical><cell type><Musculoskeletal><bHLH-PAS factor HLF><hypoxia-inducible factor 2><HIF-2 alpha><EPAS1 protein><Tissue Engineering><engineered tissue><early embryonic stage><Matrix Metalloproteinases><MMPs><Structure><novel><Regulation><response><MMP-20><matrix metalloproteinase 20><70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases><p70s6k><p70 S6 Kinase><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal Differentiation><FRAP1 gene><mammalian target of rapamycin><mTOR><RAFT1><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><FRAP2><FRAP1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><Address><Defect><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases><Mesenchymal><in vivo><developmental><Development><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><pathway><Pathway interactions><stem cell differentiation><healing><injured><fibrillogenesis><innovative><innovate><innovation><Hypoxia Inducible Factor><regenerative therapeutics><regenerative therapy><osteogenic><tendon maturation><tendon growth><tendon development><mechanical load><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><Growth Factor><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical properties><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><clinical translation>
103 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Differentiation Antigens><Marker Antigens><Differentiation Markers><Differentation Markers><Cellular Hypoxia><Cellular Anoxia><Cell Anoxia><Cell Hypoxia><Cell Body><Cells><Collagen><Engineering><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Intercellular Space><Extracellular Space><Fibroblasts><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Motion><Osteoblasts><Rhythmicity><Cyclicity><Periodicity><Play><Sponges><Porifera><Production><social role><Role><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Tendon Injuries><Tendons><Tendon structure><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Generations><Matrix Metalloproteinase-1><MMP1><MMP-1Fibroblast Collagenase><MMP-1><Interstitial Collagenase><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><Gelatinase A><Matrix Metalloproteinase-2><MMP-2><Gelatinase Neutrophil><72kD type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Type IV Collagenase><72-kDa Gelatinase><base><Knockout Mice><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Dermal><Collagen Fiber><Chondrocytes><insight><Stimulus><Normal tissue morphology><Normal Tissue><Cleaved cell><cleaved><scaffold><scaffolding><Mechanics><mechanical><cell type><Musculoskeletal><bHLH-PAS factor HLF><hypoxia-inducible factor 2><HIF-2 alpha><EPAS1 protein><Tissue Engineering><engineered tissue><early embryonic stage><Matrix Metalloproteinases><MMPs><Structure><novel><Regulation><response><MMP-20><matrix metalloproteinase 20><70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases><p70s6k><p70 S6 Kinase><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Mesenchymal Differentiation><FRAP1 gene><mammalian target of rapamycin><mTOR><RAFT1><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><FRAP2><FRAP1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><Address><Defect><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway><Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases><Mesenchymal><in vivo><Development><developmental><tissue regeneration><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><Pathway interactions><pathway><stem cell differentiation><healing><injured><fibrillogenesis><innovation><innovative><innovate><Hypoxia Inducible Factor><regenerative therapy><regenerative therapeutics><osteogenic><tendon development><tendon maturation><tendon growth><mechanical load><Growth Factor><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><mechanical properties><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><clinical translation>
104 <Adolescence><adolescence (12-20)><12-20 years old><Adolescent Behavior><Adoption><Age><ages><Alcohol consumption><ethanol use><ethanol product use><ethanol intake><ethanol ingestion><ethanol drinking><ethanol consumption><alcoholic drink intake><alcoholic beverage consumption><alcohol use><alcohol product use><alcohol intake><alcohol ingestion><EtOH use><EtOH drinking><Alcohol Drinking><Alcohols><Alcohol Chemical Class><Belief><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Computers><Decision Making><Emotions><Feedback><Goals><Persons><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Public Health><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><Schools><Self Regulation><Informal Social Control><social disturbance><Social Problems><Students><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Testing><Time><United States><Work><Mediating><Youth 10-21><Youth><base><improved><Adolescent><juvenile human><juvenile><Adolescent Youth><Training><young adult><young adulthood><adult youth><programs><Pattern><psychosocial><college><collegiate><age group><university student><college student><high school><skills><neuroimaging><neuro-imaging><peer><twelfth grade><high school senior><12th grade><drinking><underage drinking><youth alcohol use><youth alcohol consumption><youth alcohol co-use><underage alcohol use><underage alcohol consumption><under age alcohol use><under age alcohol consumption><teenager alcohol use><teenage drinking><teenage alcohol use><teen drinking><ethanol during adolescence><drinking in adolescent><drinking during adolescence><alcohol use in adolescents><alcohol use in adolescence><alcohol use during adolescence><alcohol use among adolescents><alcohol intake among adolescents><alcohol during adolescence><adolescent drinking><adolescent alcohol use><adolescent alcohol intake><adolescent alcohol drinking><adolescent alcohol consumption><adolescent alcohol co-use><Youth Drinking><Heavy Drinking><heavy alcohol use><extreme drinking><excessive ethanol ingestion><excessive drinking><excessive alcohol intake><excessive alcohol ingestion><excessive alcohol consumption><drink heavily><Academic achievement><Reporting><social><brief intervention><brief treatment><brief therapy><Emotional><junior high school><middle school><junior high><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Data><Effectiveness of Interventions><Subgroup><Teenagers><teenage><teen years><Teen><Process><sex><Development><developmental><alcohol intervention><Treatment Efficacy><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Outcome><cost effective><Population><aged><National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism><NIAAA><Evidence based program><underage drinking reduction><under age drinking reduction><reduce underage drinking><reduce under age drinking><alcohol use initiation><drinking initiation><alcohol initiation><emerging adulthood><normative feedback><alcohol related consequences><reduced alcohol use><longitudinal design><alcohol expectancy><High School Student><Secondary Student><Secondary School Student><intervention cost>
105 <Adolescence><adolescence (12-20)><12-20 years old><Adolescent Behavior><Adoption><Age><ages><Alcohol consumption><ethanol use><ethanol product use><ethanol intake><ethanol ingestion><ethanol drinking><ethanol consumption><alcoholic drink intake><alcoholic beverage consumption><alcohol use><alcohol product use><alcohol intake><alcohol ingestion><alcohol consumed><EtOH use><EtOH drinking><Alcohol Drinking><Alcohols><Alcohol Chemical Class><Belief><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Computers><Decision Making><Emotions><Feedback><Goals><Persons><Online Systems><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Public Health><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Schools><Informal Social Control><Self Regulation><Social Problems><social disturbance><Students><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Testing><Time><United States><Work><Mediating><Youth><Youth 10-21><base><improved><juvenile human><juvenile><Adolescent Youth><Adolescent><Training><young adulthood><adult youth><young adult><programs><Pattern><psychosocial><college><collegiate><age group><university student><college student><high school><skills><neuroimaging><neuro-imaging><peer><twelfth grade><high school senior><12th grade><drinking><underage drinking><youth alcohol use><youth alcohol consumption><youth alcohol co-use><underage alcohol use><underage alcohol consumption><under age alcohol use><under age alcohol consumption><teenager alcohol use><teenage drinking><teenage alcohol use><teen drinking><ethanol during adolescence><drinking in adolescent><drinking during adolescence><alcohol use in adolescents><alcohol use in adolescence><alcohol use during adolescence><alcohol use among adolescents><alcohol intake among adolescents><alcohol during adolescence><adolescent drinking><adolescent alcohol use><adolescent alcohol intake><adolescent alcohol drinking><adolescent alcohol consumption><adolescent alcohol co-use><Youth Drinking><Heavy Drinking><heavy alcohol use><extreme drinking><excessive ethanol ingestion><excessive drinking><excessive alcohol intake><excessive alcohol ingestion><excessive alcohol consumption><excess ethanol ingestion><excess alcohol ingestion><excess alcohol consumption><drink heavily><Academic achievement><Reporting><social><brief intervention><brief treatment><brief therapy><Emotional><junior high school><middle school><junior high><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Data><Effectiveness of Interventions><Subgroup><teenage><teen years><Teen><Teenagers><Process><sex><developmental><Development><alcohol intervention><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><Outcome><cost-effective><cost effective><Population><aged><NIAAA><National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism><Evidence based program><under age drinking reduction><reduce underage drinking><reduce under age drinking><underage drinking reduction><drinking initiation><alcohol initiation><alcohol use initiation><emerging adulthood><normative feedback><alcohol related consequences><reduced alcohol use><longitudinal design><alcohol expectancy><Secondary Student><Secondary School Student><High School Student><intervention cost>
106 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Africa South of the Sahara><Subsaharan Africa><Sub-Saharan Africa><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antimalarials><anti-malarial drugs><anti-malarial agents><Antimalarial Drugs><Antimalarial Agents><Anti-Malarials><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Blood Basophil><Basophilic Granulocyte><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cell Body><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Child><co-morbidity><Comorbidity><Endothelium><Enterobacteria><Enteric Bacteria><Coliform Bacilli><Enterobacteriaceae><Future><Histamine><Hospital Admission><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Human><Immunoglobulin E><IgE><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><Multipotential Colony-Stimulating Factor><Multilineage-Colony-Stimulating Factor><Mast-Cell Growth Factor><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><MULTI-CSF><MCGF><Interleukin 3 Precursor><IL3 Protein><IL-3(H)><IL-3><Hematopoietic Cytokine><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 Alpha><Interleukin-3><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><MCGF-2><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><Interleukin-4 Precursor><IL4 Protein><IL-4><Binetrakin><BSF1><BSF-1><BCSF 1><BCGF-1><BCGF><BCDF-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B cell growth factor><Interleukin-4><bowel><Intestinal><Intestines><Kenya><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Literature><malabsorption><intestinal malabsorption><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><Malabsorption Syndromes><Plasmodium Infections><Paludism><Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><Falciparum Malaria><mastocyte><Tissue Basophils><Marrow Mast Cell><mast cell><mast cell hyperplasia><Mast-Cell Disease><mastocytosis><mortality><Mucosal Tissue><Mucosa><Mucous Membrane><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Parasites><Proteolytic Enzymes><Proteinases><Proteases><Protease Gene><Peptidases><Esteroproteases><Peptide Hydrolases><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Research Resources><Resources><Risk><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><skeletal muscle protease><mast cell proteinase-1><mast cell protease I><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease><chymotrypsin-like protease><chymase-1><MMCP-1><Chymase><cytokine><Interleukin 10 Precursor><IL10A><IL10><IL-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><CSIF-10><CSIF><Interleukin-10><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Isotype Switchings><Isotype Switching><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Class Switchings><Class Switching><Link><Interleukin-13><IL13><IL-13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><Parasitemia><parasaetemia><Interleukin-15><MGC9721><Interleukin-15 Precursor><IL15 Protein><IL15><IL-15><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Case Fatality Rates><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Interleukin-18><MGC12320><Interleukin-18 Precursor><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><IL1F4><IL18 Protein><IL-1g><IL-18><IL-1 Gamma><IGIF><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><Immune><Immunes><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><cell injury><cell damage><Cellular injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><TPT1 gene><translationally-controlled tumor protein><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><histamine releasing factor><fortilin><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><TPT1><TCTP><HRF protein><HRF gene><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><Address><Defect><Data><Immunologics><Immunologically><Immunological><Immunologic><Immunochemical Immunologic><transmission process><Transmission><Sepsis><bloodstream infection><blood infection><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria infection><malarial infection><malaria-infected><recruit><gut bacteria><bacteria in the gut><Intestinal permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Gut permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Leaky Gut><Intestinal Leakage>
107 <Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Africa South of the Sahara><Sub-Saharan Africa><Subsaharan Africa><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antimalarials><Anti-Malarials><Antimalarial Agents><Antimalarial Drugs><anti-malarial agents><anti-malarial drugs><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Basophilic Granulocyte><Blood Basophil><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><children><childrens'><youngster><comorbidity><co-morbid><co-morbidity><Endothelium><Enterobacteriaceae><Coliform Bacilli><Enteric Bacteria><Enterobacteria><Epithelium><Epithelium Part><Future><Histamine><Hospitalization><Hospital Admission><Human><Modern Man><IgE><Immunoglobulin E><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><IL3 Gene><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Hematopoietic Cytokine><IL-3><IL-3 Gene><IL3><IL3 Protein><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><Interleukin-4><B cell growth factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><BCDF-1><BCGF><BCGF-1><BCSF 1><BSF-1><BSF1><Binetrakin><IL-4><IL4 Protein><Interleukin-4 Precursor><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><MCGF-2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Kenya><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Literature><Malabsorption Syndromes><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><intestinal malabsorption><malabsorption><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><mast cell><Marrow Mast Cell><Tissue Basophils><mastocyte><mastocytosis><Mast-Cell Disease><mast cell hyperplasia><mortality><Mucous Membrane><Mucosa><Mucosal Tissue><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Parasites><Peptide Hydrolases><Esteroproteases><Peptidases><Protease Gene><Proteases><Proteinases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><Chymase><MMCP-1><chymase-1><chymotrypsin-like protease><mast cell protease><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease I><mast cell proteinase-1><skeletal muscle protease><cytokine><Interleukin-10><CSIF><CSIF-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><IL-10><IL10><IL10A><Interleukin 10 Precursor><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Antibiotic Resistance><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Class Switching><Class Switchings><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Isotype Switching><Isotype Switchings><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Link><IL-13><IL13><Interleukin-13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><parasaetemia><Parasitemia><IL-15><IL15><IL15 Protein><Interleukin-15 Precursor><MGC9721><Interleukin-15><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Case Fatality Rates><Immunological response><host response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Inflammatory><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><IGIF><IL-1 Gamma><IL-18><IL-1g><IL18 Protein><IL1F4><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin-18 Precursor><MGC12320><Interleukin-18><Immunes><Immune><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><Cellular injury><cell damage><cellular damage><damage to cells><injury to cells><cell injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Modeling><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><HRF gene><HRF protein><TCTP><TPT1><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><fortilin><histamine releasing factor><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><translationally-controlled tumor protein><TPT1 gene><Address><Defect><Data><Immunochemical Immunologic><Immunologic><Immunological><Immunologically><Immunologics><Transmission><transmission process><blood infection><bloodstream infection><Sepsis><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria-infected><malarial infection><malaria infection><recruit><bacteria in the gut><gut bacteria><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut permeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal permeability><Intestinal Leakage><Leaky Gut><intestinal mucosal barrier><intestinal barrier>
108 <Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Africa South of the Sahara><Sub-Saharan Africa><Subsaharan Africa><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antimalarials><Anti-Malarials><Antimalarial Agents><Antimalarial Drugs><anti-malarial agents><anti-malarial drugs><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Basophilic Granulocyte><Blood Basophil><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cells><Cell Body><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><youngster><comorbidity><co-morbid><co-morbidity><Endothelium><Enterobacteriaceae><Coliform Bacilli><Enteric Bacteria><Enterobacteria><Future><Histamine><Hospitalization><Hospital Admission><Human><Modern Man><IgE><Immunoglobulin E><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><IL3 Gene><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Hematopoietic Cytokine><IL-3><IL-3 Gene><IL3><IL3 Protein><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><Interleukin-4><B cell growth factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><BCDF-1><BCGF><BCGF-1><BCSF 1><BSF-1><BSF1><Binetrakin><IL-4><IL4 Protein><Interleukin-4 Precursor><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><MCGF-2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Kenya><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Literature><Malabsorption Syndromes><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><intestinal malabsorption><malabsorption><Malaria><Paludism><Plasmodium Infections><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><mast cell><Marrow Mast Cell><Tissue Basophils><mastocyte><mastocytosis><Mast-Cell Disease><mast cell hyperplasia><mortality><Mucous Membrane><Mucosa><Mucosal Tissue><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Parasites><Peptide Hydrolases><Esteroproteases><Peptidases><Protease Gene><Proteases><Proteinases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><Chymase><MMCP-1><chymase-1><chymotrypsin-like protease><mast cell protease><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease I><mast cell proteinase-1><skeletal muscle protease><cytokine><Interleukin-10><CSIF><CSIF-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><IL-10><IL10><IL10A><Interleukin 10 Precursor><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Class Switching><Class Switchings><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Isotype Switching><Isotype Switchings><Link><Interleukin-13><IL-13><IL13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><Parasitemia><parasaetemia><Interleukin-15><IL-15><IL15><IL15 Protein><Interleukin-15 Precursor><MGC9721><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Case Fatality Rates><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><Inflammatory><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><IGIF><IL-1 Gamma><IL-18><IL-1g><IL18 Protein><IL1F4><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin-18 Precursor><MGC12320><Interleukin-18><Immunes><Immune><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><Cellular injury><cell damage><cellular damage><damage to cells><injury to cells><cell injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Modeling><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><HRF gene><HRF protein><TCTP><TPT1><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><fortilin><histamine releasing factor><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><translationally-controlled tumor protein><TPT1 gene><Address><Defect><Data><Immunologics><Immunochemical Immunologic><Immunologic><Immunological><Immunologically><transmission process><Transmission><Sepsis><blood infection><bloodstream infection><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria infection><malaria-infected><malarial infection><recruit><gut bacteria><bacteria in the gut><Intestinal permeability><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut permeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Leaky Gut><Intestinal Leakage><intestinal barrier><intestinal mucosal barrier>
109 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Africa South of the Sahara><Subsaharan Africa><Sub-Saharan Africa><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antimalarials><anti-malarial drugs><anti-malarial agents><Antimalarial Drugs><Antimalarial Agents><Anti-Malarials><Bacteremia><bacteraemia><Bacteria><Basophils><Marrow Basophil><Blood Basophil><Basophilic Leukocyte><Basophilic Granulocyte><Biology><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Proteins><Blood capillaries><capillary><Cells><Cell Body><Child><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><0-11 years old><Comorbidity><co-morbidity><Enterobacteriaceae><Enterobacteria><Enteric Bacteria><Coliform Bacilli><Future><Histamine><Hospitals><Human><Modern Man><IgE><Immunoglobulin E><Immunity><Incidence><Infection><Allergic inflammation><Interleukin-3><P-Cell Stimulating Factor><P-CSF><Multipotential Colony-Stimulating Factor><Multilineage-Colony-Stimulating Factor><Mast-Cell Growth Factor><Mast-Cell Colony-Stimulating Factor><MULTI-CSF><MCGF><Interleukin 3 Precursor><IL3 Protein><IL-3(H)><IL-3><Hematopoietic Cytokine><Erythrocyte Burst-Promoting Factor><Eosinophil-Mast Cell Growth-Factor><Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 Alpha><Interleukin-4><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><MCGF-2><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><Interleukin-4 Precursor><IL4 Protein><IL-4><Binetrakin><BSF1><BSF-1><BCSF 1><BCGF-1><BCGF><BCDF-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B cell growth factor><Intestines><bowel><Intestinal><Kenya><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Literature><Malabsorption Syndromes><malabsorption><intestinal malabsorption><gastrointestinal absorption disorder><Malaria><Plasmodium Infections><Paludism><Falciparum Malaria><Plasmodium falciparum Malaria><mast cell><mastocyte><Tissue Basophils><Marrow Mast Cell><Basophilic Histiocyte><mastocytosis><mast cell hyperplasia><Mast-Cell Disease><mortality><Mucous Membrane><Mucosal Tissue><Mucosa><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Parasites><Peptide Hydrolases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Proteinases><Proteases><Protease Gene><Peptidases><Esteroproteases><Permeability><Phenotype><Plasmodium yoelii><Publishing><Research><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Work><World Health Organization><Chymase><skeletal muscle protease><mast cell proteinase-1><mast cell protease I><mast cell protease 1><mast cell protease><chymotrypsin-like protease><chymase-1><MMCP-1><cytokine><Interleukin-10><Interleukin 10 Precursor><IL10A><IL10><IL-10><Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor><CSIF-10><CSIF><Antibiotic Resistance><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><base><Area><Acute><Chronic><Clinical><Isotype Switchings><Isotype Switching><Immunoglobulin Class Switchings><Class Switchings><Class Switching><Immunoglobulin Class Switching><Link><IL13><IL-13><Interleukin-13><Epithelial><Failure><insight><African><parasaetemia><Parasitemia><MGC9721><Interleukin-15 Precursor><IL15 Protein><IL15><IL-15><Interleukin-15><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Case Fatality Rates><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Interleukin-18><MGC12320><Interleukin-18 Precursor><Interleukin-1 Gamma><Interleukin 18 Proprotein><Interleukin 18 (Interferon-Gamma-Inducing Factor)><Interferon-gamma-Inducing Factor><IL1F4><IL18 Protein><IL-1g><IL-18><IL-1 Gamma><IGIF><IFN-gamma-Inducing Factor><Immune><Immunes><Severities><Country><gastrointestinal><cell injury><cell damage><Cellular injury><microbial><expectation><novel><Basophilic Cell><Reporting><Allergic><Basophilia><Admission activity><Admission><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><TPT1 gene><translationally-controlled tumor protein><p23 translationally controlled tumor protein><histamine releasing factor><fortilin><Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein><TPT1><TCTP><HRF protein><HRF gene><Ehrlich ascites tumor protein p23><Address><Defect><Data><Immunologically><Immunological><Immunologic><Immunochemical Immunologic><Immunologics><Transmission><transmission process><bloodstream infection><blood infection><Sepsis><Outcome><Prevalence><malaria-infected><malaria infection><recruit><bacteria in the gut><gut bacteria><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Gut permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal permeability><Intestinal Leakage><Leaky Gut>
110 <Affect><Lou Gehrig Disease><Gehrig's Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Motor Neuron Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis><Attention><autophagy><Autophagocytosis><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Cervix Cancer><Cervical Cancer><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Exhibits><Goals><HeLa><Hela Cells><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nerve Degeneration><neuronal degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Organelles><Parkinson Disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Patients><Proteins><Research><RNA><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><Signal Pathway><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Students><Substantia nigra structure><Substantia Nigra><Testing><Universities><Work><RNA-Binding Proteins><Mediating><base><macromolecule><improved><Clinical><Link><motor dysfunction><motor disease><motor disorder><insight><Parkinsonism><Parkinsonian Syndrome><Parkinsonian Diseases><Parkinsonian Condition><Parkinsonian><Parkinsonian Disorders><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><α-synuclein><α-syn><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><alphaSP22><a-synuclein><a-syn><SNCA protein><SNCA><PARK4 protein><PARK1 protein><NAC precursor><alpha synuclein><Genetic><Knowledge><programs><Investigation><Complex><Dementia><Amentia><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neuro-degenerative Disorders><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><experience><neuron loss><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><novel><graduate student><Pathogenesis><Reporting><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Positioning Attribute><Position><EWSR1 gene><Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1><EWSR1><dopaminergic neuron><Dopamine neuron><DA Neuron><Modeling><sarcoma><malignant soft tissue tumor><Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm><Pre-Clinical Model><Preclinical Models><Validation><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><disease-causing mutation><combat><public health relevance><inhibition of autophagy><undergraduate student><undergraduate><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome><motor symptom>
111 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Ethics><ethical><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Professional Positions><Jobs><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposium><symposia><summit><convention><conference><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><interest><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><university student><college student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Positioning Attribute><Position><Data><enroll><Enrollment><designing><design><skill development><skill acquisition><undergraduate research><Evaluative Thinking><Complex thinking><Critical Thinking><under-represented student><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><student retention><retention strategy><retention rate><transfer student><course material development><class development><course development><faculty mentor><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><peer coaching><summer research><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><recruit>
112 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><ethical><Ethics><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Professional Positions><Jobs><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><interest><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><university student><college student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Positioning Attribute><Position><Data><enroll><Enrollment><designing><design><skill acquisition><skill development><undergraduate research><Critical Thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Complex thinking><Underrepresented Students><under-represented student><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><student retention><retention strategy><transfer student><course development><course material development><class development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><summer research><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
113 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><programs><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><cohort><Data><designing><design><undergraduate research><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention strategy><student retention><retention rate><transfer student><class development><course material development><course development><faculty mentor><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><peer coaching><summer research><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><recruit>
114 <adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Aging><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Anatomy><Axon><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Visual Contrast Sensitivity><Contrast Sensitivity><Dendrites><Veiled Cells><Dendritic Cells><Developmental Biology><Disorder><Disease><electrophysiological><Neurophysiology / Electrophysiology><Electrophysiology><Electrophysiology (science)><Environment><Future><Genes><Genetic Screening><glaucomatous><Glaucoma><glutamatergic><L-Glutamate><Glutamates><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><In Vitro><Light><Photoradiation><Longevity><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Maps><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nervous system structure><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><nervous system disorder><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Physiology><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research Proposals><Retina><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Ganglion Cells><retinal ganglion><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Synapses><synapse><Synaptic><Testing><Time><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><Glutamate Receptor><Measures><Cell Density><base><density><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Image Analysis><Peripheral><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><kainate><rod cell><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><retinal rods><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><receptive field><Individual><Confocal Microscopy><Replacement Therapy><Cell Therapy><cell-based therapy><Genetic><Morphology><BCL2 gene><ced9 homolog><bcl-2 Genes><Bcl-2><BCL2><B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2><B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 Gene><B cell lymphoma 2><Knowledge><postnatal><Pattern><System><Location><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><developmental genetics><mutant><synaptogenesis><synapse formation><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><novel><neural circuit><synaptic circuitry><synaptic circuit><neural circuitry><Regulation><Modeling><response><prevent><preventing><small molecule><Address><Age-Months><Data><Wild Type Mouse><Monitor><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Knockout><Knock-out><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><Output><axonal growth><axon growth><age dependent><age related><2-photon><two-photon><computational tools><computerized tools><Retinal><Population><fluorescence imaging><fluorescent imaging><visual information><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><DSCAM><retinal neuron><Cone><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
115 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Ethics><ethical><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Jobs><Professional Positions><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><cell biology><Cellular biology><interest><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Position><Positioning Attribute><Data><Enrollment><enroll><design><designing><skill acquisition><skill development><undergraduate research><Critical Thinking><Complex thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><retention strategy><student retention><transfer student><course development><class development><course material development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><laboratory experience><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><summer research><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><recruit><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
116 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Aging><Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Axon><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Cell physiology><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cells><Cell Body><Contrast Sensitivity><Visual Contrast Sensitivity><Dendrites><Dendritic Cells><Veiled Cells><Developmental Biology><Disease><Disorder><Electrophysiology (science)><electrophysiological><Neurophysiology / Electrophysiology><Electrophysiology><Environment><Future><Genes><Genetic Screening><Glaucoma><glaucomatous><Glutamates><glutamatergic><L-Glutamate><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><In Vitro><Light><Photoradiation><Longevity><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Maps><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nervous system structure><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><nervous system disorder><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Physiology><Proteins><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research Proposals><Retina><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Ganglion Cells><retinal ganglion><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Synapses><synapse><Synaptic><Testing><Time><Universities><Vision><visual function><Sight><Glutamate Receptor><Measures><Cell Density><base><density><image evaluation><Image Analyses><Image Analysis><Peripheral><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><kainate><rod cell><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><retinal rods><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><receptive field><Confocal Microscopy><Replacement Therapy><Cell Therapy><cell-based therapy><cell mediated therapies><Genetic><Morphology><BCL2 gene><ced9 homolog><bcl-2 Genes><Bcl-2><BCL2><B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2><B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 Gene><B cell lymphoma 2><Knowledge><postnatal><Pattern><System><Location><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><developmental genetics><mutant><synaptogenesis><synapse formation><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><novel><neural circuit><synaptic circuitry><synaptic circuit><neural circuitry><Regulation><Modeling><response><prevent><preventing><small molecule><Address><Age-Months><Data><Wild Type Mouse><Monitor><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Knockout><Knock-out><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><Output><axonal growth><axon growth><age dependent><age related><2-photon><two-photon><computational tools><computerized tools><Retinal><Population><fluorescent imaging><fluorescence imaging><visual information><DSCAM><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><retinal neuron><Cone><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><targeted treatment><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><individualized response><individual response>
117 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Ethics><ethical><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Occupations><Jobs><Professional Positions><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><cell biology><Cellular biology><interest><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><success><college student><university student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Position><Positioning Attribute><Data><enroll><Enrollment><designing><design><skill development><skill acquisition><undergraduate research><Complex thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Critical Thinking><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention strategy><student retention><retention rate><transfer student><class development><course material development><course development><faculty mentor><peer instruction><peer led team learning><peer mentoring><peer teaching><peer coaching><lab experience><lab training><laboratory training><laboratory experience><summer research><Attainment Rate><Graduation Rates><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><recruit>
118 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><ethical><Ethics><Fellowship><Goals><Idaho><Mentors><Professional Positions><Jobs><Occupations><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Techniques><Research Technics><Running><Schools><Science><Self Assessment><statistics><Students><Universities><Work><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><Intention><base><career><improved><Training><Individual><Funding><Genetic><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><interest><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><university student><college student><professor><cohort><expectation><Participant><Positioning Attribute><Position><Data><Enrollment><enroll><design><designing><skill acquisition><skill development><undergraduate research><Critical Thinking><Evaluative Thinking><Complex thinking><Underrepresented Students><bridge program><bridge to the baccalaureate><retention rate><student retention><retention strategy><transfer student><course development><course material development><class development><faculty mentor><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><summer research><Graduation Rates><Attainment Rate><Degree program><Underrepresented Groups><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><recruit>
119 <Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><coenzyme R><Vitamin H><Biotin><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Circulation><Bloodstream><Blood Circulation><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Cell Body><Cells><Complement Proteins><Complement><Digestion><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Engineering><blood corpuscles><Red blood corpuscule><Red Cell><Red Blood Cells><Marrow erythrocyte><Erythrocytic><Erythrocytes Reticuloendothelial System><Blood normocyte><Blood erythrocyte><Erythrocytes><Genes><Goals><Immobilization><orthopedic freezing><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Ligands><Lipids><macrophage><Masks><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Nodule><Oncolytic viruses><Phagocytes><amebocyte><Phagocytic Cell><Phagocytosis><Polyethylene Glycols><Polyoxyethylenes><Polyethyleneoxide><Polyethylene Oxide><Macrogols><Proteins><Publishing><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vesicular Stomatitis Virus><VSV><Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus><Virus Particle><Virion><General Viruses><Virus><Serum Spreading Factor><Epibolin><Complement S-Protein><Vitronectin><Strepavidin><Streptavidin><Injectable><Fusion Protein><Chimera Protein><Chimeric Proteins><virus envelope><Label><improved><Site><Surface><Clinical><Medical><γ-retrovirus><Mammalian Type C Retroviruses><Gammaretrovirus><Link><Blood Serum><Serum><uptake><Therapeutic><Exposure to><oncolysis><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Cancer><Intravenous><Hematopoietic Neoplasms><blood cancer><Malignant Hematopoietic Neoplasm><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm><Hematopoietic Tumor><Hematopoietic Neoplasms including Lymphomas><Hematopoietic Malignancies><Hematopoietic Cell Tumor><Hour><System><neutralizing antibody><Viral><Membrane><membrane structure><neoplastic cell><Tumor Cell><success><SHPS-1 protein><signal-regulatory protein><SIRPalpha1><immunoregulation><immunoregulatory><immunomodulatory><immunologic reactivity control><immune regulation><immune modulation><Immunomodulation><Reporting><Modeling><Advanced Malignant Neoplasm><Advanced Cancer><cancer therapy><anticancer therapy><Malignant Neoplasm Treatment><Malignant Neoplasm Therapy><Cancer Treatment><Integrin alphaVbeta3><alpha-v beta-3 Integrin Receptors><aVBeta3><Integrin αVβ3><Integrin alpha-v beta-3><Integrin aVBeta3><Binding><Molecular Interaction><prevent><preventing><CD47 gene><Surface Antigen Identified by Monoclonal Antibody 1D8><MER6><Integrin-Associated Protein><CD47 Glycoprotein><CD47 Antigen><CD47><Affinity><Recombinants><Oncolytic><Molecular><nano particle><nanoparticle><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><site targeted delivery><targeted delivery><Resistance><resistant><tumor><Virotherapy><Virotherapeutics><protein biomarkers><protein markers><oncolytic virotherapy><Immune Evasion>
120 <Binding Sites><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Biotin><coenzyme R><Vitamin H><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood Circulation><Circulation><Bloodstream><Malignant Neoplasms><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Cell Death><necrocytosis><Cells><Cell Body><Complement><Complement Proteins><Digestion><Drug resistance><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Engineering><Erythrocytes><blood corpuscles><Red blood corpuscule><Red Cell><Red Blood Cells><Marrow erythrocyte><Erythrocytic><Erythrocytes Reticuloendothelial System><Blood normocyte><Blood erythrocyte><Genes><Goals><Immobilization><orthopedic freezing><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Ligands><Lipids><macrophage><Masks><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Nodule><Oncolytic viruses><Phagocytes><amebocyte><Phagocytic Cell><Phagocytosis><Polyethylene Glycols><Polyoxyethylenes><Polyethyleneoxide><Polyethylene Oxide><Macrogols><Proteins><Publishing><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus><Vesicular Stomatitis Virus><VSV><Virion><Virus Particle><Virus><General Viruses><Streptavidin><Strepavidin><Fusion Protein><Chimera Protein><Chimeric Proteins><virus envelope><Label><improved><Site><Surface><Clinical><Medical><γ-retrovirus><Mammalian Type C Retroviruses><Gammaretrovirus><Link><Blood Serum><Serum><uptake><Therapeutic><Exposure to><oncolysis><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm><Metastatic Cancer><Intravenous><Hematopoietic Neoplasms><blood cancer><Malignant Hematopoietic Neoplasm><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms><Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm><Hematopoietic Tumor><Hematopoietic Neoplasms including Lymphomas><Hematopoietic Malignancies><Hematopoietic Cell Tumor><Hour><System><neutralizing antibody><Viral><Membrane><membrane structure><neoplastic cell><Tumor Cell><success><SHPS-1 protein><signal-regulatory protein><SIRPalpha1><immunoregulation><immunoregulatory><immunomodulatory><immunologic reactivity control><immune regulation><immune modulation><Immunomodulation><Reporting><Modeling><Advanced Malignant Neoplasm><Advanced Cancer><cancer therapy><anticancer therapy><anti-cancer therapy><Malignant Neoplasm Treatment><Malignant Neoplasm Therapy><Cancer Treatment><Integrin alphaVbeta3><alpha-v beta-3 Integrin Receptors><aVBeta3><Integrin αVβ3><Integrin alpha-v beta-3><Integrin aVBeta3><Binding><Molecular Interaction><prevent><preventing><CD47 gene><Surface Antigen Identified by Monoclonal Antibody 1D8><MER6><Integrin-Associated Protein><CD47 Glycoprotein><CD47 Antigen><CD47><Affinity><Recombinants><Oncolytic><Molecular><nano particle><nanoparticle><therapy efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapeutic efficacy><intervention efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><site targeted delivery><targeted delivery><resistant><Resistance><tumor><Virotherapeutics><Virotherapy><protein markers><protein biomarkers><oncolytic virus therapy><oncolytic viral therapy><cancer virotherapy><oncolytic virotherapy><Immune Evasion><anticancer><anti-cancer>
121 <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotics><Parasiticides><Antiparasitics><Antiparasitic Drugs><Antiparasitic Agents><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><chemical synthesis><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Death><Cessation of life><Disorder><Disease><Drug Design><drug treatment><Drug Therapy><Pharmacotherapy><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Infectious Diarrheal Disease><Dysentery><Educational aspects><Education><Endamoeba histolytica><E. histolytica><E histolytica><Entamoeba histolytica><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Exhibits><Family><Future><gastrointestinal disorder><Gastrointestinal Diseases and Manifestations><Gastrointestinal Diseases><Lamblia><Giardia><Lamblia intestinalis><Giardia intestinalis><Giardia lamblia><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><In Vitro><Infection><Internships><intern><Intestines><bowel><Intestinal><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Libraries><Mentors><Methionine><Metronidazole><Satric><Flagyl><Microscopy><Mission><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Nucleoside Hydrolases><Nucleosidases><Nucleosides><Organism><living system><Parasites><Parasitic Diseases><Polyamines><Polyamine Compound><Poverty><Protozoa><Protozoal><Purines><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Role><social role><S-Adenosylmethionine><s-adenosyl-l-methionine><SAMe><AdoMet><Ademetionine><Specificity><Spectrum Analysis><Spectrum Analyses><Spectroscopy><Structure-Activity Relationship><structure function relationship><chemical structure function><Students><Sulfur><S element><Testing><Translations><T. vaginalis><T vaginalis><Trichomonas vaginalis><Universities><Ureaphil><Urea Carbamide><Elaqua XX><Carbamide><Urea><Work><Generations><Killings><therapy failure><Treatment Failure><base><improved><Acute><Chronic><Refractory><Biological><Training><Collaborations><Antibiotic Therapy><bacterial infectious disease treatment><bacterial disease treatment><Antibiotic Treatment><Nature><Reaction><microorganism><System><college><collegiate><experience><university student><college student><synergism><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Nutrient><novel><Basic Science><Basic Research><Catabolism><Reporting><Modeling><response><drug development><Proteomics><Emerging Communicable Diseases><Emerging Infectious Diseases><liquid chromatography mass spectrometry><LC/MS><Pyruvate Metabolism Pathway><Pyruvate Metabolism><metabolomics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><Address><Data><Global Change><Interruption><Mammalian Cell><National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease><NIAID><Preclinical Testing><Resolution><in vitro Model><in vivo><New Agents><Validation><Monitor><Enzymology><Enzymatic Biochemistry><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><neglect><innovation><innovative><innovate><antimicrobial><anti-microbial><Microbe><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><therapeutic target><combat><in vitro activity><drug candidate><undergraduate student><undergraduate><screening><Drug Targeting><student training><summer research><small molecule inhibitor><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
122 <Biology><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Color><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><Elements><Engineering><Equipment><Fluorescence><Gene Activation><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Genes><Genome><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Kinetics><Lasers><Laser Electromagnetic><Laser Radiation><Learning><Mathematics><Math><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Splicing><Splicing><Science><Technology><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Work><Measures><Enhancers><Label><Microscope><Distal><Site><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><tool><Nature><Complex><Scanning><Techniques><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Speed><novel><member><single molecule><Length><Biochemical Reaction><Enzymatic Reaction><Monitor><molecular imaging><molecule imaging><fluorescent imaging><fluorescence imaging><spatiotemporal><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Broadening Participation><broadening participation research><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Visualization>
123 <Alternative Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative RNA Splicing><beta Globin><B-globin><β-globin><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Corticosterone><Dexamethasone><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><Elements><Eukaryotic Cell><Fluorescence><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Genes><Genome><Goals><Health><Hormones><Endocrine Gland Secretion><Therapeutic Hormone><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Institutes><Introns><Intervening Sequences><Kinetics><Laboratories><Hairy Cell Leukemia><Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis><hairy T cell leukemia><Ligands><Light><Photoradiation><Methods><Methodology><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><Myopathy><Muscle Disease><Muscle Disorders><Muscular Diseases><Myopathic Conditions><Myopathic Diseases and Syndromes><Myopathic disease or syndrome><muscular disorder><Nervous System Diseases><Neurologic Disorders><Neurological Disorders><neurological disease><nervous system disorder><Netherlands><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinson Disease><Patients><Proteins><Estrogen Receptors><Glucocorticoid Receptor><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA><Splicing><RNA Splicing><Spectroscopy><Spectrum Analyses><Spectrum Analysis><Tamoxifen><Testing><Time><transcription factor><Basal Transcription Factor><Basal transcription factor genes><General Transcription Factor Gene><General Transcription Factors><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><Transcription factor genes><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Universities><Work><Measures><Transcriptional Activation><Transcription Activation><Spliceosomes><base><Label><Distal><Clinical><Reporter Genes><insight><Bayesian computation><Bayesian inference><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian Analysis><Measurement><Keoxifene><Raloxifene><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><tool><Complex><Event><Side><cell type><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Location><receptor bound><receptor binding><physical model><Response Elements><novel><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><single molecule><Myocardial Diseases><Myocardial Disorder><Myocardiopathies><myocardium disease><myocardium disorder><Cardiomyopathies><Nuclear Export><glucocorticoid-induced orphan receptor><GIR receptor><glucocorticoid-induced receptor><receptor GPR83><RNA Processing><Transcription Initiation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><SARS><SARS coronavirus disease><SARS-CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome><Pharmaceutical Agent><Pharmaceuticals><Pharmacological Substance><Pharmacologic Substance><Transcription Activator><Transcription Factor Coactivator><Transcriptional Activator><Transcriptional Activator/Coactivator><Transcriptional Coactivator><transcription co-activator><transcriptional co-activator><Transcription Coactivator><Address><Length><Autism><Autistic Disorder><Early Infantile Autism><Infantile Autism><Kanner's Syndrome><autistic spectrum disorder><autism spectrum disorder><Data><NCI Organization><National Cancer Institute><Regulatory Element><in vivo><Transcript><Monitor><Molecular><Process><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><time use><Outcome><Coupling><clinically relevant><clinical relevance><fluorescence imaging><fluorescent imaging><spatiotemporal><public health relevance><genetic information><temporal measurement><temporal resolution><time measurement><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><acute myeloid leukemia cell><acute granulocytic leukemia cell><acute myeloblastic leukemia cell><acute myelocytic leukemia cell><acute myelogenous leukemia cell><acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cell><COVID-19><COVID19><CV-19><CV19><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><coronavirus disease-19><coronavirus infectious disease-19><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><COVID-19 treatment><COVID-19 therapy><COVID19 therapy><COVID19 treatment><SARS-CoV-2 therapy><SARS-CoV-2 treatment><coronavirus disease 2019 therapy><coronavirus disease 2019 treatment><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 therapy><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment><treat COVID-19><treat COVID19><treat SARS-CoV-2><treat coronavirus disease 2019><treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2>
124 <Alternative RNA Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative Splicing><Kanner's Syndrome><Infantile Autism><Early Infantile Autism><Autism><Autistic Disorder><β-globin><B-globin><beta Globin><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Body><Cells><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><DNA-Binding Proteins><Eukaryotic Cell><Exons><Fluorescence><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><Goals><Health><hereditary disorder><genetic disorder><Molecular Disease><Genetic Diseases><Genetic Condition><Hereditary Disease><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Introns><Intervening Sequences><Kinetics><Hairy Cell Leukemia><hairy T cell leukemia><Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis><Acute Myelocytic Leukemia><acute myeloid leukemia><acute granulocytic leukemia><Acute Myelogenous Leukemia><Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia><AML - Acute Myeloid Leukemia><Microscopy><Fluorescence Microscopy><Fluorescence Light Microscopy><mRNA Precursor><premRNA><RNA, Messenger, Precursors><Pre-mRNA><Myopathy><muscular disorder><Myopathic disease or syndrome><Myopathic Diseases and Syndromes><Myopathic Conditions><Muscular Diseases><Muscle Disorders><Muscle Disease><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><nervous system disorder><neurological disease><Neurological Disorders><Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Diseases><Optics><optical><Parkinson Disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Patients><Physics><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><RNA><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Splicing><Splicing><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Spectrum Analysis><Spectrum Analyses><Spectroscopy><Time><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Translations><Work><Measures><Zinc Finger Motifs><Zinc Finger Domain><Zinc Fingers><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><FISH assay><FISH analysis><FISH Technique><FISH Technic><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><Visualization><Imagery><base><Label><Microscope><Site><Reporter Genes><Individual><Measurement><Biological Function><Biological Process><tool><Cellular biology><cell biology><Complex><Dependence><Event><Techniques><novel><Eukaryota><Eukaryote><Regulation><Sampling><single molecule><Nuclear Export><Photobleaching><DNA Binding><DNA bound><DNA Binding Interaction><RNA Processing><Transcription Initiation><Binding><Molecular Interaction><RNA chemical synthesis><RNA synthesis><Hereditary Malignant Neoplasm><familial cancer><Hereditary Cancer><Familiar Malignant Neoplasm><FXR1 gene><Fragile X-Related Protein 1><Fragile X Mental Retardation, Autosomal Homolog 1><FXR1P><FXR1><Length><in vivo><Transcript><Monitor><Molecular><Process><2-photon><two-photon><human disease><fluorescence imaging><fluorescent imaging><spatiotemporal><public health relevance><genetic information><genome editing><genomic editing><epigenetic regulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><DNA sequencing><DNAseq><DNA seq>
125 <Affect><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Circulation><Bloodstream><Blood Circulation><vascular><Blood Vessels><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Diabetic Retinopathy><Diffusion><Disorder><Disease><Dissection><Embryonic><Embryo><Eyeball><Eye><Future><Genes><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hemoglobin><Intrinsic factor><Mammals><Mammalia><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Morphogenesis><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Neuroglia><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Optics><optical><Oxygen><O2 element><O element><Pathology><Phenotype><Publishing><Retina><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinopathy of Prematurity><premature retinopathy><Retrolental Fibroplasia><Risk><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Stereotyping><Telangiectasis><Telangiectasia><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><United States><visual function><Sight><Vision><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings><Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting Fractionation><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting><Mediating><Visualization><Imagery><improved><Peripheral><Endothelial Cells><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><pseudoglioma congenita><congenital progressive oculo-acoustico-cerebral degeneration><atrophia bulborum hereditaria><Norrie-Warburg syndrome><Norrie syndrome><Norrie disease><Episkopi blindness><Norrie's disease><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Cell Therapy><cell-based therapy><Metabolic><Genetic><Nature><Knowledge><Cellular biology><cell biology><Complex><cell type><Pattern><System><Blindness><visual loss><vision loss><Cell Proliferation><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><retinal regeneration><neurodevelopment><Neural Development><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><Structure><Nutrient><novel><bevacizumab><rhuMabVEGF><RhuMAb VEGF><Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor><Recombinant Humanized Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody><Monoclonal Antibody Anti-VEGF><MoAb VEGF><Anti-VEGF RhuMAb><Anti-VEGF Humanized Monoclonal Antibody><Anti-VEGF><neurogenesis><Modeling><Vascular blood supply><vascular supply><blood supply><neuroepithelium><nerve stem cell><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><gliogenesis><Vascular Endothelial Cell><Candidate Disease Gene><Candidate Gene><Mediator of activation protein><Mediator of Activation><Mediator><Defect><Data><in vivo><Embryonic Eye><Retina Proper><Neural Retina><Pathologic><Characteristics><Molecular><developmental><Development><macular><macula><Outcome><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><innovation><innovative><innovate><malformation><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><gain of function><effective therapy><effective treatment><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><vascular contributions><vascular abnormality><behavioral study><behavior study><differential expression><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><blood vessel development><blood vessel formation><imaging study>
126 <abstracting><Affect><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><Circulation><Bloodstream><Blood Circulation><vascular><Blood Vessels><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Diabetic Retinopathy><Diffusion><Disorder><Disease><Dissection><Embryonic><Embryo><Eyeball><Eye><Future><Genes><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hemoglobin><Intrinsic factor><Mammalia><Mammals><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Morphogenesis><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neuroglia><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><optical><Optics><O2 element><O element><Oxygen><Pathology><Phenotype><Publishing><Retina><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><premature retinopathy><Retrolental Fibroplasia><Retinopathy of Prematurity><Risk><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Stereotyping><Telangiectasia><Telangiectasis><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Vision><visual function><Sight><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting><Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings><Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting Fractionation><Mediating><Visualization><Imagery><improved><Peripheral><Endothelial Cells><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><pseudoglioma congenita><congenital progressive oculo-acoustico-cerebral degeneration><atrophia bulborum hereditaria><Norrie-Warburg syndrome><Norrie syndrome><Norrie disease><Episkopi blindness><Norrie's disease><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><cell-based therapy><Cell Therapy><Metabolic><Genetic><Staging><Nature><Knowledge><Life><Complex><cell type><Pattern><System><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><meetings><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><retinal regeneration><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Structure><Nutrient><novel><rhuMabVEGF><RhuMAb VEGF><Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor><Recombinant Humanized Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody><Monoclonal Antibody Anti-VEGF><MoAb VEGF><Anti-VEGF RhuMAb><Anti-VEGF Humanized Monoclonal Antibody><Anti-VEGF><bevacizumab><neurogenesis><Modeling><vascular supply><blood supply><Vascular blood supply><neuroepithelium><neuroprogenitor><neuronal stem cells><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neuron progenitors><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><gliogenesis><Vascular Endothelial Cell><Candidate Gene><Candidate Disease Gene><Mediator of Activation><Mediator><Mediator of activation protein><Defect><Data><in vivo><Embryonic Eye><Retina Proper><Neural Retina><Characteristics><Molecular><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><stem cell niche><macular><macula><Outcome><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><innovation><innovative><innovate><malformation><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><gain of function><effective therapy><effective treatment><stem cell biology><vascular contributions><vascular abnormality><behavioral study><behavior study><differential expression><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><blood vessel development><blood vessel formation>
127 <NA>
128 <Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><Biology><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Cowpox><yaba><Cow Pox><Disease><Disorder><Ecology><Environmental Science><Engineering><Epidemiology><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><Genetic Engineering><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Health><HIV><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><Laboratories><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Patients><Poliomyelitis><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><Smallpox><variola major><small pox><Variola><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><Virus><General Viruses><Work><World Health><base><Benign><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Human poliovirus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><theories><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><fictional works><fiction><Herd Immunity><vaccine evaluation><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine delivery><Mathematical Biology><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><developmental><Development><virtual><risk prediction model><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><Population><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><mathematical theory><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><laboratory experiment><Immunize>
129 <Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><Biology><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><yaba><Cow Pox><Cowpox><Disorder><Disease><Environmental Science><Ecology><Engineering><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering><Health><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Immunity><Laboratories><Math><Mathematics><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><DNA Molecular Biology><Molecular Biology><Patients><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><variola major><small pox><Variola><Smallpox><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><live vaccine><Attenuated Vaccines><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><General Viruses><Virus><Work><World Health><base><Benign><Human poliovirus><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><theories><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><fictional works><fiction><Herd Immunity><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine evaluation><vaccine delivery><Mathematical Biology><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><Development><developmental><virtual><predictive modeling><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><Population><mathematical theory><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Immunize>
130 <Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biology><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><yaba><Cow Pox><Cowpox><Disorder><Disease><Environmental Science><Ecology><Engineering><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering><Health><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Immunity><Laboratories><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Patients><Poliomyelitis><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><Smallpox><variola major><small pox><Variola><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><live vaccine><Attenuated Vaccines><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><General Viruses><Virus><Work><World Health><base><Benign><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Human poliovirus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><theories><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><fictional works><fiction><Herd Immunity><vaccine evaluation><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine delivery><Mathematical Biology><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><developmental><Development><virtual><risk prediction model><prognostic model><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><Population><mathematical theory><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Immunize>
131 <vaccine delivery><Invaded><Vaccinated><Vaccine Production><Modification><developmental><Development><Population><mathematical theory><mathematics theory><mathematics reasoning><mathematics logic><mathematic theory><math theory><Mathematical Reasoning><Mathematical Logic><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Accounting><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Wild Animals><Archives><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biology><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><yaba><Cow Pox><Cowpox><Disorder><Disease><Environmental Science><Ecology><Engineering><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Evolution><Foundations><Genes><genetically engineered><Recombinant DNA Technology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering><Health><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Immunity><Laboratories><Math><Mathematics><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><DNA Molecular Biology><Molecular Biology><Patients><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Poliomyelitis><Research><Risk><Science><variola major><small pox><Variola><Smallpox><sound><Target Populations><Testing><Time><Vaccination><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Vaccines><Virulence><Virus><General Viruses><Work><World Health><base><Benign><poliomyelitis virus><Poliovirus><Polio Virus><Human poliovirus><Individual><Collaborations><Genetic><infectious organism><Infectious Agent><Life><programs><System><Viral><success><simulation><novel><Modeling><theories><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><fiction><fictional works><Herd Immunity><vaccine testing><vaccine screening><vaccine evaluation>
132 <Animals><domesticated animal><Domestic Animals><Wild Animals><Automobile Driving><driving><Brucella><Cytomegalovirus><CMV><HCMV><Salivary Gland Viruses><cytomegalovirus group><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Face><faces><facial><Foundations><Genetic Engineering><Genetic Engineering Biotechnology><Genetic Engineering Molecular Biology><Recombinant DNA Technology><genetically engineered><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Human><Modern Man><Immunity><In Vitro><Infection><Influenza><Grippe><Lassa virus><Lassa fever virus><Methodology><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Persons><Play><pressure><Rabies><lyssa><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Role><social role><Vertebral column><Spinal Column><Spine><backbone><superinfection><Microbial Superinvasion><super infection><Technology><Vaccination><Vaccines><Virus><Work><Zoonoses><Zoonotic><Zoonotic Infection><Procedures><Chronic><Penetration><Vaccination Programs><Immunization Programs><Combination Vaccines><Combined Vaccines><Individual><Collaborations><transgene><Transgenes><Immunological response><host response><immune system response><immunoresponse><Immune response><programs><Immune><Immunes><Source><Pattern><Viral><Performance><vaccine development><develop a vaccine><develop vaccines><development of a vaccine><trait><novel><Laboratory Study><new technology><novel technologies><Prevention><Modeling><Property><Habitats><immunogenic><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Murid herpesvirus 1><Herpesvirus 1 (beta), Murid><Mouse Cytomegalovirus><Murine Cytomegalovirus><evaluate vaccines><vaccine screening><vaccine testing><vaccine evaluation><SARS><SARS coronavirus disease><SARS-CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus disease><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome><Effectiveness><preventing><prevent><in vivo><Vaccinated><Vaccine Design><Validation><validations><transmission process><Transmission><Process><Development><developmental><Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype><H1N1><H1N1 Virus><pandemic disease><pandemic><vector><cost><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><immunogenicity><designing><design><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><pathogen><Population><human disease><prototype><Mathematical Logic><Mathematical Reasoning><math theory><mathematic theory><mathematics logic><mathematics reasoning><mathematics theory><mathematical theory><vaccine candidate><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><Injections><human pathogen><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CO-V2><SARS-COVID-2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><coronavirus disease-19 virus><hCoV19><nCoV2><2019-nCoV><Ebola><deploy vaccines><distribute vaccines><vaccine deployment><vaccine roll-out><vaccine rollout><vaccine distribution><pathogen spillover>
133 <Affect><Lou Gehrig Disease><Gehrig's Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Motor Neuron Disease><Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis><Attention><autophagy><Autophagocytosis><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Cervix Cancer><Cervical Cancer><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Exhibits><Goals><Health><HeLa><Hela Cells><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolism><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><neuronal degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Organelles><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson Disease><Patients><Proteins><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><Signal Pathway><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Substantia Nigra><Substantia nigra structure><Testing><Universities><Work><RNA-Binding Proteins><Mediating><base><macromolecule><improved><Clinical><Link><motor dysfunction><motor disease><motor disorder><insight><Parkinsonism><Parkinsonian Syndrome><Parkinsonian Diseases><Parkinsonian Condition><Parkinsonian><Parkinsonian Disorders><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><α-synuclein><α-syn><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><alphaSP22><a-synuclein><a-syn><SNCA protein><SNCA><PARK4 protein><PARK1 protein><NAC precursor><alpha synuclein><Genetic><Knowledge><programs><Investigation><Complex><Amentia><Dementia><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neuro-degenerative Disorders><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><neuron loss><novel><graduate student><Pathogenesis><Reporting><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1><EWSR1><EWSR1 gene><Dopamine neuron><DA Neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><malignant soft tissue tumor><Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm><sarcoma><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><Validation><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><disease-causing mutation><combat><inhibition of autophagy><undergraduate student><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome><motor symptom>
134 <neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><relating to nervous system><neural><Transgenic Organisms><transgenic><Modeling><Sampling><Property><teleost fish><teleostfish><teleostean fish><smoothened signaling pathway><hh signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling><Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway><SHH gene><Sonic Hedgehog><SHH><Data><Molecular><Process><computational tools><computerized tools><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><Trauma><innovation><innovative><innovate><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><progenitor><retinal neuron><public health relevance><neuronal replacement><neuronal cell replacement><regenerative><BRAIN initiative><connectome><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Behavior><Cell Body><Cells><Death><Cessation of life><Dendrites><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Laboratories><Mammals><Mammalia><Electron Microscopy><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Neuroglia><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neurons><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Publishing><Reflex action><Reflex><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Role><social role><Synapses><synapse><Synaptic><Testing><Time><Translating><transplant><Transplantation><visual function><Sight><Vision><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Generations><Neurites><Visualization><Imagery><perivascular glial cell><microgliocyte><microglial cell><mesoglia><gitter cell><Hortega cell><Microglia><Lesion><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><Failure><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Transgenes><Genetic><Morphology><Reporter><tool><Knowledge><Source><cell type><Pattern><restoration><Outcome Study><preference><Visual system structure><Visual System><retinal regeneration><neuron loss><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death>
135 <adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Behavior><Cell Body><Cells><Death><Cessation of life><Dendrites><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Laboratories><Mammalia><Mammals><Electron Microscopy><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><nerve cement><Non-neuronal cell><Neuroglial Cells><Kolliker's reticulum><Glial Cells><Glia><Neuroglia><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Publishing><Reflex><Reflex action><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Retina><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Degeneration><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><social role><Role><synapse><Synaptic><Synapses><Testing><Time><Translating><transplant><Transplantation><Vision><visual function><Sight><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Generations><Neurites><Molecular Genetics><Visualization><Imagery><perivascular glial cell><microgliocyte><microglial cell><mesoglia><gitter cell><Hortega cell><Microglia><Lesion><gangliocyte><ganglion cell><Failure><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Transgenes><Morphology><Reporter><tool><Knowledge><Source><cell type><Pattern><restoration><preference><Visual System><Visual system structure><retinal regeneration><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><neuron loss><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><neural><relating to nervous system><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Modeling><Sampling><Property><teleostfish><teleostean fish><teleost fish><hh signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling><Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway><smoothened signaling pathway><Sonic Hedgehog><SHH><SHH gene><Data><Molecular><Process><computational tools><computerized tools><Outcome><Retinal><retinal progenitor cell><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><Trauma><innovation><innovative><innovate><two-dimensional><2-dimensional><progenitor><retinal neuron><public health relevance><neuronal replacement><neuronal cell replacement><regenerative><BRAIN initiative><connectome>
136 <microbial><novel><quorum sensing><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Product R><small molecule><Address><R15 Program><R15 Mechanism><Academic Research Enhancement Awards><Data><Molecular><Process><designing><design><Outcome><antimicrobial><anti-microbial><combat><public health relevance><multi-drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multidrug resistant organism><multi-drug resistant organism><MDR pathogen><MDR organism><small molecule inhibitor><non-Native><Acyl Carrier Protein><Long-Chain Acyl CoA><Fatty Acyl CoA><Acyl CoA><Acyl Coenzyme A><Acylation><Affect><inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><Bacteria><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biomedical Research><Chemistry><Communication><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Goals><Gram-Negative Bacteria><Infection><Kinetics><Lactone Compound><Lactones><Methionine><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Physicians><Play><Population Density><Production><Pseudomonas mallei><P.mallei><P. mallei><B. mallei><Burkholderia mallei><Research><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><sociobehavioral><sociobehavior><Social Behavior><Students><Testing><Toxin><Virulence><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><Mediating><base><career><Physiologic><Physiological><Ensure><Chemicals><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><analog><homoserine lactone><antibacterial><anti-bacterial><Antibacterial Agents><Anti-Bacterial Agents><Therapeutic><tool><Complex><enzyme substrate complex>
137 <Algorithms><Award><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Chromatin><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Gene Expression><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Genes><Regulator Genes><trans acting element><regulatory gene><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><Genome><Genotype><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Mentors><Methods><Method LOINC Axis 6><Methodology><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Phenotype><Protein Binding><gene product><Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><statistics><Testing><transcription factor><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Variation (Genetics)><Work><Measures><base><Solid><Phase><Biological><Nuclear Receptors><Training><insight><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian Analysis><Gene Targeting><neu Genes><erbb2 [{C0242957}]><erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2><TKR1><Human EGF Receptor 2 Gene><HER2/neu><HER2 Genes><HER2><HER/2><HER-2 Genes><HER-2><HER -2><ERBB2><ERBB2 gene><Collaborations><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><interest><experience><QTL><Quantitative Trait Loci><Stretching><skills><novel><Graph><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><disorder model><Disease model><Network Analysis><Pathway Analysis><Modeling><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Genomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Address><Systems Biology><copy number variation><Copy Number Polymorphism><Data><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Randomized><Resolution><whole-genome scan><whole genome association study><whole genome association studies><whole genome association analysis><genomewide scan><genomewide association study><genomewide association studies><genomewide association scan><genome-wide scan><genome-wide identification><genome wide studies><genome wide screen><genome wide association studies><genome wide association scan><genome wide association><genome wide analysis><GWAS><genome wide association study><insertion/deletion><insertion-deletion mutation><insertion-deletion><insertion/deletion mutation><Population><innovative><innovate><innovation><open source><ChIP Sequencing><ChIP-seq>
138 <Algorithms><Award><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Chromatin><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><trans acting element><regulatory gene><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><Regulator Genes><Genome><Genotype><Modern Man><Human><Mentors><Methods><Methodology><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Phenotype><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Running><Computer software><Software><statistics><Testing><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><Measures><base><Solid><Phase><Biological><Nuclear Receptors><Training><insight><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian Analysis><bound protein><Protein Binding><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Gene Targeting><neu Genes><herstatin><erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2><TKR1><Oncogene ErbB2><NEU protein><NEU Oncogene><HER2/neu><HER2 Genes><HER2><HER-2><HER -2><ERBB2><ERBB2 gene><Collaborations><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><interest><experience><Quantitative Trait Loci><QTL><Stretching><skills><novel><Graph><Disease model><disorder model><Pathway Analysis><Network Analysis><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Genomics><Binding><Molecular Interaction><Etiology><disease causation><causation><Causality><Address><Systems Biology><Copy Number Polymorphism><copy number variation><copy number variant><Data><Randomized><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Resolution><Tissue-Specific Differential Gene Expression><Differential Gene Expression><Tissue-Specific Gene Expression><whole genome association study><whole genome association studies><whole genome association analysis><genomewide association study><genomewide association studies><genomewide association scan><genome wide association studies><genome wide association scan><genome wide association><GWAS><GWA study><genome wide association study><insertion/deletion><insertion-deletion mutation><insertion-deletion><indel><insertion/deletion mutation><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><open source><public health relevance><ChIP-seq><chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing><ChIP Sequencing><DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing><DNaseI-seq><DNase-seq><genetic makeup><genetic make-up><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
139 <Algorithms><Award><Reactive Site><Combining Site><Binding Sites><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Chromatin><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><trans acting element><regulatory gene><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><Regulator Genes><Genome><Genotype><Health><Modern Man><Human><Mentors><Methods><Methodology><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Phenotype><Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Software><Computer software><statistics><Testing><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Variation (Genetics)><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Work><Measures><base><Solid><Phase><Biological><Nuclear Receptors><Training><insight><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian Analysis><Protein Binding><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Gene Targeting><neu Genes><herstatin><erbb2 [{C0242957}]><erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2 Proto-Oncogenes><c-erbB-2 Genes><c-erbB-2><TKR1><Oncogene ErbB2><NEU Oncogene><HER2/neu><HER2 Genes><HER2><HER-2><HER -2><ERBB2><ERBB2 gene><Collaborations><Scientist><Investigation><Complex><interest><experience><QTL><Quantitative Trait Loci><Stretching><skills><novel><Graph><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><disorder model><Disease model><Network Analysis><Pathway Analysis><Modeling><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Genomics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Address><Systems Biology><copy number variation><copy number variant><Copy Number Polymorphism><Data><randomly assigned><randomization><randomisation><Randomized><Resolution><whole genome association study><whole genome association studies><whole genome association analysis><genomewide association study><genomewide association studies><genomewide association scan><genome wide association studies><genome wide association scan><genome wide association><GWAS><GWA study><genome wide association study><insertion/deletion><insertion-deletion mutation><insertion-deletion><indel><insertion/deletion mutation><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><open source><ChIP-seq><chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing><ChIP Sequencing><DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing><DNaseI-seq><DNase-seq><genetic makeup><genetic make-up><causal model><causal diagram><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data>
140 <NA>
141 <NA>
142 <NA>
143 <bear><Ursidae><Bears><Ursidae Family><Biomedical Research><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><Language><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Learning><Study models><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Science><Social Interaction><Solutions><Students><Testing><thoughts><Thinking><Thinking, function><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Specialist><doubt><Uncertainty><base><career><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><infectious organism><Infectious Agent><Staging><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><Formulation><Drug Formulations><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Address><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovative><innovate><innovation><multidisciplinary><mouse model><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems>
144 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><recruit><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Stress><Universities><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Interdisciplinary Communication><Measures><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Electronic Database><Electronic Databank><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation>
145 <adulthood><adult human (21+)><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Population Studies / Demography><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Insecta><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><clearance rate><Metabolic Clearance Rate><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Mortality><Mortality Vital Statistics><living system><Organism><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Research><Associated Viruses><Satellite Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Relative><Relative (related person)><Dataset><Data Set><Immunology><base><Individual><Collaborations><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><tool><Complex><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><interest><oral infectious><infection mouth><oral infection><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Anti-Viral Response><Antiviral Response><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population>
146 <Acceleration><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Language><Persons><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><doubt><Uncertainty><improved><Area><Phase><Variation><Variant><biologic><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Scientist><Complex><System><body system><Organ System><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Agency><Funding Source><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Property><Institution><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><preparations><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><3-D modeling><3D modeling><three-dimensional modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><next generation><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><mathematical methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><homes><Home>
147 <Ursidae Family><bear><Ursidae><Bears><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Communities><Data Analyses><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Income><Economical Income><Economic Income><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Language><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Learning><Study models><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><Thinking><thoughts><Universities><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Specialist><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Address><Data><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><risk prediction model><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovative><innovate><innovation><multidisciplinary><murine model><mouse model><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><coinfection><co-infection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation>
148 <Algorithms><Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Attention><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cause of Death><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Diagnosis><Computer-Assisted Diagnosis><Computer aided diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Fatty acid glycerol esters><Fats><Feedback><Female><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Judgment><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Medical Imaging><Methods><Methodology><Noise><Research><medical college><school of medicine><medical schools><Survival Rate><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><United States><Universities><Utah><Woman><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Mammary Ultrasonography><Breast Ultrasonography><Ultrasonic Mammography><Ultrasound Mammography><breast ultrasound><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Data Set><Dataset><base><image processing><improved><Image Analysis><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Variant><Variation><Medical><Evaluation><Training><non-painful><nonpainful><not painful><Painless><Visual><radiologist><Breast Cancer Early Screening><Breast Cancer Early Detection><Shapes><tool><Nature><Knowledge><Complex><Texture><Location><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Performance><success><Devices><Modeling><Connectionist Models><Neural Network Models><Perceptrons><Neural Network Simulation><Property><model development><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Data><Detection><Imaging Instrument><Imaging Tool><Imaging Device><Reproducibility><Tumor-Associated Process><Tumor Process><Update><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Tissue><Characteristics><Process><Image><imaging><Output><computerized tools><computational tools><cost effective><prospective><innovation><innovate><innovative><imaging Segmentation><spatial relationship><tumor><computer aided detection><computer assisted detection><breast imaging><mammary imaging><learning strategy><learning activity><learning method><Tissue imaging><imaging properties><human model><model of human><advanced breast cancer><advanced stage breast cancer><deep learning><convolutional neural network><ConvNet><convolutional network><convolutional neural nets><clinical examination><clinical exam><mammary><ultrasound>
149 <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Play><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><tool><machine learned><Machine Learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><experience><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><molecular modeling><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Process><Development><developmental><working group><work group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure>
150 <Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Attention><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Environment><Foundations><Population Genetics><Goals><Health><Health Promotion><Salutogenesis><promoting health><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Irritable Bowel Syndrome><Irritable Colon><Mucous Colitis><spastic colon><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Methodology><Modernization><Population Dynamics><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Time><Toxin><Translating><Work><Clostridium difficile><C diff><C difficile><C. diff><C. difficile><Clostridioides difficile><Measures><Mediating><base><repaired><repair><Phase><Biological><Series><Individual><alpha Toxin><α-Toxin><tool><Complex><interest><microbial interaction><microorganism interaction><microbial><trait><novel><member><Statistical Methods><Modeling><Property><theories><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Data><Development><developmental><microbiome><Human Microbiome><human-associated microbiome><design><designing><resilience><Outcome><pathogen><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><Resistance><resistant><microbial community><community microbes><Microbe><clinically relevant><clinical relevance><high risk><vaginal microbiome><vaginal biome><microbiome research><Microbiomics><microbiome science><microbiome studies><data analysis pipeline><data processing pipeline><opportunistic pathogen>
151 <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Institutes><Language><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Persons><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><biologic><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><machine learned><Machine Learning><Scientist><Complex><System><Organ System><body system><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Source><Funding Agency><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Property><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><three-dimensional modeling><3-D modeling><3D modeling><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><next generation><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovation><innovate><innovative><spatial temporal variation><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><mathematical methods><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Home>
152 <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><computing hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Persons><Play><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Software><Computer software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><biologic><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><machine learned><Machine Learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><experience><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><molecular modeling><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Process><Development><developmental><working group><work group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure>
153 <Affect><Algorithms><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Automobile Driving><driving><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)><Confounding Variables><Epidemiologic Confounding Factor><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Gene Expression><Genes><Genotype><Goals><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Methylation><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Patients><Phenotype><Research><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><DNA Sequence><base><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biological><biologic><Link><Individual><root><Plant Roots><DNA Methylation><Complex><interest><simulation><novel><disorder model><Disease model><Modeling><disease subgroups><disease subtype><disorder subtype><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Regulatory Pathway><Clinical Data><Epigenetic Process><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic Mechanism><Gene Combinations><Transcription Process><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><clinical phenotype><genetic variant><Gene variant><allele variant><allelic variant><genomic variant><Population><network models><tumor><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><molecular phenotype><effective therapy><effective treatment><Breast Cancer Patient><Breast Tumor Patient><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data><genomic data-set><genomic dataset><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><complex data><Mendelian randomization><gene regulatory network>
154 <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Institutes><Language><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Progress Reports><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><machine learned><Machine Learning><Scientist><Complex><System><Organ System><body system><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Source><Funding Agency><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Property><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><three-dimensional modeling><3-D modeling><3D modeling><predictive modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><next generation><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovation><innovate><innovative><spatial temporal variation><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><mathematical methods><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computer Models><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Home>
155 <Algorithms><Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Attention><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cause of Death><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Diagnosis><Computer-Assisted Diagnosis><Computer aided diagnosis><computer-assisted diagnostics><Disease><Disorder><Fatty acid glycerol esters><Fats><Feedback><Female><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Judgment><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Medical Imaging><Methods><Methodology><Noise><Research><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Survival Rate><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><United States><Universities><Utah><Woman><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Mammary Ultrasonography><Breast Ultrasonography><Ultrasonic Mammography><Ultrasound Mammography><breast ultrasound><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Data Set><Dataset><base><image processing><improved><Image Analysis><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Variant><Variation><Medical><Evaluation><Training><Painless><non-painful><nonpainful><not painful><Visual><radiologist><Breast Cancer Early Detection><Breast Cancer Early Screening><Shapes><tool><Nature><Knowledge><Complex><Texture><Location><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Performance><success><Devices><Modeling><Connectionist Models><Neural Network Models><Perceptrons><Neural Network Simulation><Property><model development><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Data><Detection><Imaging Instrument><Imaging Tool><Imaging Device><Reproducibility><Tumor-Associated Process><Tumor Process><Update><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Tissue><Characteristics><Process><Image><imaging><Output><computerized tools><computational tools><cost effective><prospective><innovation><innovate><innovative><imaging Segmentation><spatial relationship><tumor><computer aided detection><computer assisted detection><breast imaging><mammary imaging><learning strategy><learning activity><learning method><Tissue imaging><imaging properties><human model><model of human><advanced breast cancer><advanced stage breast cancer><deep learning><convolutional neural network><ConvNet><convolutional network><convolutional neural nets><clinical examination><clinical exam><mammary>
156 <Affect><Algorithms><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Automobile Driving><driving><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)><Confounding Variables><Epidemiologic Confounding Factor><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Gene Expression><Genes><Regulator Genes><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><regulatory gene><trans acting element><Genotype><Goals><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Methylation><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Patients><Phenotype><Research><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><DNA Sequence><base><tumor progression><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><Biological><Link><Individual><Plant Roots><root><DNA Methylation><Complex><interest><simulation><novel><disorder model><Disease model><Modeling><disease subgroups><disease subtype><disorder subtype><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Regulatory Pathway><Clinical Data><Epigenetic Process><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic Mechanism><Gene Combinations><Transcription Process><Process><Development><developmental><Gene Expression Profile><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional profile><transcriptional signature><clinical phenotype><genetic variant><Gene variant><allele variant><allelic variant><genomic variant><Population><network models><tumor><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><molecular phenotype><effective therapy><effective treatment><Breast Cancer Patient><Breast Tumor Patient><cancer subtypes><cancer sub-types><genomic data><genomic data-set><genomic dataset><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><complex data><Mendelian randomization>
157 <bear><Ursidae><Bears><Ursidae Family><Biomedical Research><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Biophysics><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Income><Economical Income><Economic Income><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Language><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Learning><Study models><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><Thinking><thoughts><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Specialist><doubt><Uncertainty><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Address><Data><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><mouse model><murine model><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><co-infection><coinfection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation>
158 <Accounting><Affect><Cause of Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cells><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><In Vitro><Infection><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung><lung disorder><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Lung diseases><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><Mortality><Mortality Vital Statistics><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><living system><Organism><Pathology><Patients><Research><respiratory tract><Respiratory system (all sites)><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Respiratory System><Testing><Time><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Variation (Genetics)><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Respiratory Tracts><Respiratory tract structure><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Viral Load result><Immune><Complex><Event><lower respiratory tract><Lower respiratory tract structure><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Molecular><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><Outcome><pathogen><Population>
159 <bear><Ursidae><Bears><Ursidae Family><Biomedical Research><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><Language><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Learning><Study models><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><thoughts><Thinking><Universities><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Specialist><Uncertainty><doubt><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Genetic><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><infectious organism><Infectious Agent><Staging><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><Property><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Address><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Process><Transmission><transmission process><Process><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><mouse model><murine model><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><co-infection><coinfection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation>
160 <Ursidae Family><bear><Ursidae><Bears><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical sciences><biophysical principles><biophysical foundation><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Environment><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><Language><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Learning><Study models><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Science><Social Interaction><Students><Testing><thoughts><Thinking><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Specialist><doubt><Uncertainty><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Medical><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><Genetic><Genetic Predisposition to Disease><genetically predisposed><genetic vulnerability><genetic mechanism of disease><genetic etiology><Inherited Susceptibility><Inherited Predisposition><Genetic Susceptibility><Genetic Predisposition><Infectious Agent><infectious organism><Nature><programs><Scientist><Complex><System><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Physical environment><Services><cohesion><Structure><skills><member><outreach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Address><Data><Strategic Planning><Epigenetic Process><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic><transmission process><Transmission><Process><predictive modeling><prognostic model><prediction model><computer based prediction><next generation><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><mouse model><murine model><interdisciplinary approach><multidisciplinary approach><public health relevance><natural language><biological systems><complex biological systems><co-infection><coinfection><early-career faculty><Scientific Inquiry><Formulation><Infrastructure>
161 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Running><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Universities><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><improved><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Complex><System><meetings><meeting><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><college><collegiate><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><working group><work group><web site><website><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy><searchable database><searchable data base>
162 <Adoption><Affect><Age><ages><Air><Attention><Award><Biomedical Research><Cities><Commerce><Communication><Communities><Decision Making><Disease><Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Economics><Education><Educational aspects><Epidemic><Epidemiology><epidemiologic><epidemiological><Faculty><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Health Personnel><Health Care Providers><Healthcare Providers><Healthcare worker><health care personnel><health care worker><health provider><health workforce><healthcare personnel><medical personnel><treatment provider><Hospitals><Hybrids><Idaho><Infection><Motivation><Natural Resources><Play><Public Health><Recurrence><Recurrent><Research><Risk><Risk Factors><Role><social role><Rural Population><Social Distance><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Time><Travel><Universities><virology><Virus><Work><Measures><health care><Healthcare><Rural Community><doubt><Uncertainty><shelter><shelter-housing><Shelter facility><Social Network><Immunology><base><density><food resource><urban area><Area><Phase><Variation><Variant><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Rural><Policy Maker><tool><Scientist><Complex><Source><Pattern><Country><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Food Chain><professor><Structure><empowerment><disorder model><Disease model><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><Emotional><Modeling><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><model design><Consequentialism><Address><Data><Effectiveness of Interventions><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Transmission><transmission process><pandemic><pandemic disease><Health Care Professional><Healthcare professional><Health Professional><Output><care burden><cost><epidemiological model><designing><design><next generation><willingness><intervention efficacy><therapeutic efficacy><therapeutically effective><therapy efficacy><Treatment Efficacy><Outcome><Graphical interface><graphic user interface><software user interface><graphical user interface><Differential Algebraic Equation><Differential Equation><access to health care><access to healthcare><accessibility of health care><accessibility to health care><accessibility to healthcare><health care access><health care service access><health care service availability><healthcare access><healthcare accessibility><healthcare availability><healthcare service access><healthcare service availability><health care availability><dashboard><recruit><Food production><Infrastructure><COVID19><corona virus disease 2019><coronavirus disease 2019><COVID-19><burden of infection><infection burden>
163 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Running><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Universities><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><programs><Complex><System><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><working group><work group><web site><website><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy><searchable database><searchable data base>
164 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><computing hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Persons><Play><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><improved><Area><Phase><biologic><Biological><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Shapes><tool><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><college><collegiate><experience><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><molecular modeling><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Process><Development><developmental><working group><work group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure><Disparate>
165 <Affect><Behavior><Natural Products><Biologic Factor><Biological Factors><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food><Future><Goals><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Infection><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Influenza><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probability><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Public Policy><isolation/quarantine><Quarantine><Recommendation><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Respiratory Infections><Respiratory Tract Infections><Schools><Sleep><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Vaccination><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequency><Frequencies (time pattern)><Complex><Home><Home environment><Source><Pattern><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><sorting><Sorting - Cell Movement><social><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><behavioral influence><behavior influence><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Institution><Data><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexible><flexibility>
166 <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Institutes><Language><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><doubt><Uncertainty><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><machine learned><Machine Learning><Scientist><Complex><Home><Home environment><System><Organ System><body system><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Source><Funding Agency><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Property><Address><Data><Reproducibility><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Preparation><developmental><Development><Holly><work group><working group><3-D modeling><3D modeling><three-dimensional modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><prognostic model><predictive modeling><next generation><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><spatial temporal variation><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergraduate><undergraduate student><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><mathematical methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models>
167 <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotechnology><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Housing><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Language><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Solutions><Time><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Left><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Staging><Nature><Complex><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><Formulation><Drug Formulations><interest><Visit><meetings><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Services><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovative><innovate><innovation><biological research>
168 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Mentors><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Running><Survey Instrument><Surveys><Universities><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Complex><System><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><working group><work group><web site><website><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy><searchable database><searchable data base>
169 <Acceleration><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><Communication><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Incubators><Language><Persons><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Play><Privatization><Research><Research Institute><Research Support><Students><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Businesses><Schedule><doubt><Uncertainty><improved><Area><Phase><Variation><Variant><biologic><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Progress Reports><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Scientist><Complex><System><body system><Organ System><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><Physical environment><experience><success><physical model><Structure><member><Funding Agency><Funding Source><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Property><Institution><Address><Data><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Preparation><preparations><Development><developmental><Holly><working group><work group><3-D modeling><3D modeling><three-dimensional modeling><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><next generation><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary approach><interdisciplinary approach><biological systems><complex biological systems><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><math methodology><math methods><mathematical approach><mathematical methodology><mathematics approach><mathematics methodology><mathematics methods><mathematical methods><faculty support><Formulation><Infrastructure><Computerized Models><computational modeling><computational models><computer based models><computerized modeling><Computer Models><homes><Home>
170 <Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Amino Acid Sequence><aminoacid><Amino Acids><Disease><Disorder><Electronics><electronic><electronic device><Engineering><Foundations><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational><conformational state><conformationally><conformations><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Pigments><pigment><Proteins><Research><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Running><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Vision><Sight><visual function><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Color Visions><Data Set><improved><Series><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Retinal Cone><Chemicals><Visual><Therapeutic><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Vertebrate Photoreceptors><Rods and Cones><Phototransduction><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Complex><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><chromophore><molecular dynamics><Molecular Dynamics Simulation><molecular modeling><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><Structure><simulation><novel><Modeling><Property><molecular mechanics><Data><Homology Modeling><Quantum Mechanics><Pathologic><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><computer based prediction><prediction model><predictive modeling><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Population><Impairment><disease-causing mutation><phenome><optogenetics><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><computational pipelines><machine learning pipeline><machine learning based pipeline>
171 <Animals><Bacteria><Bacteriophages><Phages><bacterial virus><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Ecology><Bionomics><Environment><Evolution><Genome><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Immune system><Infection><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Predatory Behavior><predation><Research><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Virulence><Virus><Work><Measures><Bacteria resistance><Bacteria resistant><Bacterial resistant><resistance to Bacteria><resistance to Bacterial><resistant to Bacteria><resistant to Bacterial><bacterial resistance><animal experiment><experimental animal><experimental animals><Animal Experiments><Co-culture><Cocultivation><Coculture><Coculture Techniques><fluid><liquid><Liquid substance><Apis><Shapes><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Genetic Materials><System><microorganism interaction><microbial interaction><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><microbial><member><Modeling><Property><mathematical model><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><Process><Development><developmental><microbiome><resistant><Resistance><community microbes><microbial community><Microbe><dynamical evolution><predictive outcomes><predictors of outcomes><outcome prediction><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><bacterial community><microbial composition><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation>
172 <adulthood><adult human (21+)><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Bacteria><anaerobe><Anaerobic Bacteria><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Motility><Cellular Motility><Cellular Migration><Cell Movement><Cell Migration><Cell Locomotion><cell motility><Cells><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><artificial environment><Controlled Environment><E coli><Escherichia coli><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><Genetic Screening><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><heart disorder><Cardiac Disorders><Cardiac Diseases><Heart Diseases><ferroheme><Protoheme IX><Protoheme><Heme b><Ferroprotoporphyrin><Ferrate(2-), (7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-><Heme><Protohemin IX><Protohemin><Ferriprotoporphyrin IX Chloride><Ferriheme Chloride><Ferrate(2-), chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-5-13)-><Chlorohemin><Hemin><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Methods><periodontium disorder><periodontium disease><periodontal disorder><Parodontosis><Periodontal Diseases><Chronic Periodontitis><Periodontitis><Publishing><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Starvation><Stress><Technology><Body Tissues><Tissues><Virulence><Measures><biofilm><Microbial Biofilms><P.gingivalis><P. gingivalis><Bacteroides gingivalis><Porphyromonas gingivalis><Mediating><base><Heart artery><Cardiac artery><Coronary artery><Site><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><Porphyromonas><Link><Endothelial Cells><Mouth><Cavitas Oris><Buccal Cavity Head and Neck><Buccal Cavity><Oral cavity><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><cell type><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><environmental stressor><mutant><reverse transcriptase PCR><RTPCR><RT-PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><knowledgebase><knowledge base><novel><Pathogenesis><cDNA Library><Regulation><Modeling><response><Pathogenicity Factors><Virulence Factors><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Non-Coding RNA><Non-Coding><Functional RNA><Small RNA><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Data><molecular signature><molecular profile><Molecular Fingerprinting><Expression Signature><Expression Profiling><Molecular Profiling><Post-Transcriptional Regulation Process><Post-Transcriptional Control><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Invaded><developmental><Development><oral pathogen><next generation><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><public health relevance><screening>
173 <adulthood><adult human (21+)><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Bacteria><anaerobe><Anaerobic Bacteria><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Motility><Cellular Motility><Cellular Migration><Cell Movement><Cell Migration><Cell Locomotion><cell motility><Cells><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><artificial environment><Controlled Environment><E coli><Escherichia coli><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Genes><Genetic Screening><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Health><heart disorder><Cardiac Disorders><Cardiac Diseases><Heart Diseases><ferroheme><Protoheme IX><Protoheme><Heme b><Ferroprotoporphyrin><Ferrate(2-), (7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-><Heme><Protohemin IX><Protohemin><Ferriprotoporphyrin IX Chloride><Ferriheme Chloride><Ferrate(2-), chloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N21,N22,N23,N24)-, dihydrogen, (SP-5-13)-><Chlorohemin><Hemin><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Methods><periodontium disorder><periodontium disease><periodontal disorder><Parodontosis><Periodontal Diseases><Chronic Periodontitis><Periodontitis><Publishing><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Starvation><Stress><Technology><Body Tissues><Tissues><Virulence><Measures><biofilm><Microbial Biofilms><P.gingivalis><P. gingivalis><Bacteroides gingivalis><Porphyromonas gingivalis><Mediating><base><Heart artery><Cardiac artery><Coronary artery><Site><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><Porphyromonas><Link><Endothelial Cells><Mouth><Cavitas Oris><Buccal Cavity Head and Neck><Buccal Cavity><Oral cavity><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><cell type><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><environmental stressor><mutant><reverse transcriptase PCR><RTPCR><RT-PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><knowledgebase><knowledge base><novel><Pathogenesis><cDNA Library><Regulation><Modeling><response><Nontranslated RNA><Noncoding RNA><Untranslated RNA><Pathogenicity Factors><Virulence Factors><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Small RNA><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Data><molecular signature><molecular profile><Molecular Fingerprinting><Expression Signature><Expression Profiling><Molecular Profiling><Post-Transcriptional Regulation Process><Post-Transcriptional Control><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Invaded><developmental><Development><oral pathogen><next generation><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><screening>
174 <Affect><Bacteria><Origin of Life><Biogenesis><Cellfree System><Cell-Free System><Cells><bedsonia><Miyagawanella><Chlamydia><chlamydial disease><Chlamydial Infection><Chlamydia Infections><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydia trachomatis><Chromatin><Chromosomes><Thymonuclease><Pancreatic DNase><DNase I><DNA Endonuclease><Deoxyribonuclease I><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Developing Nation><Developing Country><Developing Countries><Developmental Biology><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Elements><Energy Expenditure><Energy Metabolism><Forms Controls><Gene Expression><Gene Expression Regulation><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Genes><Dextrose><D-Glucose><Glucose><2,3-dihydroxy-propanal><Glyceraldehyde><Glycolysis><Goals><Health><Hexoses><Histones><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><In element><Indium><Infection><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Maps><Metabolic Activation><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolism><Methods><Phosphates><inorganic phosphate><gene product><Proteins><Relaxation><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><RNA Polymerases><EC 2.7.7.6><DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases><DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase><social role><Role><Venereal Infections><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Bacterial Venereal Diseases><Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Time><Trachoma><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Virulence><Measures><Dissociation><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><DNA Sequence><Site><Medical><Link><insight><Germination><Pyruvate><DNA Footprint><Knowledge><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><condensation><Physical condensation><Structure><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><isoprenoid><regulatory gene product><Regulatory Protein><genetic regulatory protein><Regulation><Phosphate Transporters><Phosphate Transport Proteins><Inorganic Phosphate Transporter><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><protein expression><preventing><prevent><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Higher Order Structure><Higher Order Chromatin Folding><Higher Order Chromatin Structure><Mammalian Cell><in vivo><Chromatin Structure><Funding Mechanisms><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><pathogen><obligate intracellular parasite><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
175 <Affect><Bacteria><Origin of Life><Biogenesis><Cellfree System><Cell-Free System><Cells><bedsonia><Miyagawanella><Chlamydia><chlamydial disease><Chlamydial Infection><Chlamydia Infections><Rickettsia trachomae><Chlamydia trachomatis><Chromatin><Chromosomes><Thymonuclease><Pancreatic DNase><DNase I><DNA Endonuclease><Deoxyribonuclease I><DNase><DNA Nucleases><Deoxyribonucleases><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Developing Nation><Developing Country><Developing Countries><Developmental Biology><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Elements><Energy Expenditure><Energy Metabolism><Forms Controls><Gene Expression><Gene Regulation Process><Gene Regulation><Gene Action Regulation><Gene Expression Regulation><Genes><Dextrose><D-Glucose><Glucose><2,3-dihydroxy-propanal><Glyceraldehyde><Glycolysis><Goals><Hexoses><Histones><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><In element><Indium><Infection><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Maps><Metabolic Activation><Metabolic Processes><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolism><Methods><Phosphates><inorganic phosphate><gene product><Proteins><Relaxation><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><RNA Polymerases><EC 2.7.7.6><DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases><DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase><social role><Role><Venereal Infections><Venereal Disorders><Venereal Diseases><Sexually Transmitted Infection><Sexually Transmitted Disorder><Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Bacterial Venereal Diseases><Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases><Time><Trachoma><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Virulence><Measures><Dissociation><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><DNA Sequence><Site><Medical><Link><insight><Germination><Pyruvate><DNA Footprint><Knowledge><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><condensation><Physical condensation><Structure><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><isoprenoid><regulatory gene product><Regulatory Protein><genetic regulatory protein><Regulation><Phosphate Transporters><Phosphate Transport Proteins><Inorganic Phosphate Transporter><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Binding (Molecular Function)><protein expression><preventing><prevent><microarray technology><Microarray-Based Analysis><Microarray Analysis><Higher Order Structure><Higher Order Chromatin Folding><Higher Order Chromatin Structure><Mammalian Cell><in vivo><Chromatin Structure><Funding Mechanisms><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><pathogen><obligate intracellular parasite><public health relevance><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
176 <new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Body Tissues><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><pilot study><Sight><visual function><Regeneration><regenerate><Investigators><Researchers><Instruction><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Research Infrastructure><tissue repair><programs><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><Individual><Cell Body><Liver Fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Study><Prevention><Scientist><ligament injury><Molecular><Collaborations><Animal Model><Centers of Research Excellence><Disease Progression><Funding><career development><Address><skills><Biology><Biomedical Research><member><Functional disorder><disease diagnosis><novel strategies><hepatic fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><calcification><base><Productivity><Names><damage to ligament><ligament damage><Neoplasm Metastasis><instrumentation><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Tissues><Laboratories><Cardiovascular system><Cells><Animal Models and Related Studies><model organism><Environment><Universities><Extracellular Matrix><Reagent><Pilot Projects><Natural regeneration><Research><Vision><Research Personnel><Research Support><Goals><Health>
177 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><sq. ft><square foot><success><model-based simulation><models and simulation><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computational analysis><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><N.I.H. Research Support><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><operation><next generation sequencing>
178 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Dedications><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Microscopy><Peer Review><Physics><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Magazine><Journals><improved><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><multidisciplinary><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><recruit><Infrastructure>
179 <Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Production><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Computer software><Software><Students><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><meeting><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><member><graduate student><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operations><operation><training opportunity><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><preservation><model of human><human model><Infrastructure><accredited><Accreditation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><animal experimentations><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Dedications>
180 <Biology><Biomedical Research><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular system><Cell Body><Cells><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Goals><Health><instrumentation><Laboratories><Names><Neoplasm Metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><cancer metastasis><Secondary Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Lesion><Metastasize><Metastasis><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><calcification><base><Calcified><Individual><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><skills><member><Prevention><career development><Address><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><public health relevance><disease diagnosis><tissue repair>
181 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cardiovascular system><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cells><Cell Body><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Goals><Health><instrumentation><Laboratories><Names><Neoplasm Metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><cancer metastasis><Secondary Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Lesion><Metastasize><Metastasis><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Reagent><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Vision><visual function><Sight><Calcified><calcification><base><Individual><hepatic fibrosis><fibrotic liver><Liver Fibrosis><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><skills><member><Prevention><career development><Address><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><public health relevance><disease diagnosis><tissue repair>
182 <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Production><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Rattus><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Techniques><Research Technics><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Rodent><Software><Computer software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><cost><design><designing><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><preservation><human model><model of human><Infrastructure>
183 <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Cervical Cancer><Cervix Cancer><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Disease><Disorder><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><Movement><body movement><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Organelles><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinson Disease><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Substantia Nigra><Substantia nigra structure><Testing><Work><ECM receptor><extracellular matrix receptor><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Susceptibility><Predisposition><motor disease><motor dysfunction><motor disorder><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><NAC precursor><PARK1 protein><PARK4 protein><SNCA><SNCA protein><a-syn><a-synuclein><alphaSP22><asyn><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><α-syn><α-synuclein><alpha synuclein><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><mutant><Receptor Protein><receptor><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><DA Neuron><Dopamine neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44><MDU3><Pgp1><CD44 gene><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FRAP1><FRAP2><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><RAFT1><mTOR><mammalian target of rapamycin><FRAP1 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><protein aggregation><insoluble aggregate><protein aggregate><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><therapy development><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><disease-causing mutation><combat><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><symptom treatment><symptomatic treatment><treat symptom><motor symptom>
184 <Affect><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Connective Tissue Diseases><Connective Tissue Disorder><Cessation of life><Death><Discrimination><Cognitive Discrimination><Disease><Disorder><Drug Design><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Endoplasmic Reticulum><Ergastoplasm><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><Intelligence><Kidney Diseases><Nephropathy><Renal Disease><kidney disorder><renal disorder><Kinetics><Ligands><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><Lung Tissue Fibrosis><fibrosis in the lung><lung fibrosis><Pulmonary Fibrosis><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Systemic Sclerosis><progressive systemic sclerosis><Systemic Scleroderma><Signal Pathway><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Thermodynamic><Thermodynamics><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Tissue Distribution><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><crosslink><cross-link><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><biosynthesis><Anabolism><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Disease Progression><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Developed Countries><Normal Tissue><Normal tissue morphology><Deposit><Deposition><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><Organ System><body system><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><RNA bound><RNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1><COL1A1 gene><COL1A2><COL1A2 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Post-Transcriptional Control><post-transcriptional gene regulation><posttranscriptional control><posttranscriptional regulation><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><endoplasmic reticulum stress><ER stress><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><CLIP-Seq><HITS-CLIP><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><mRNA delivery>
185 <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><Development><developmental><design><designing><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
186 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Connective Tissue Diseases><Connective Tissue Disorder><Cessation of life><Death><Discrimination><Cognitive Discrimination><Disease><Disorder><Drug Design><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Endoplasmic Reticulum><Ergastoplasm><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><Intelligence><Kidney Diseases><Nephropathy><Renal Disease><kidney disorder><renal disorder><Kinetics><Ligands><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><Pulmonary Fibrosis><lung fibrosis><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><Messenger RNA><mRNA><Role><social role><Systemic Scleroderma><Systemic Sclerosis><progressive systemic sclerosis><Signal Pathway><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Thermodynamics><Thermodynamic><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Tissue Distribution><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><crosslink><cross-link><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><Anabolism><biosynthesis><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Binding Proteins><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Disease Progression><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Developed Countries><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Normal Tissue><Normal tissue morphology><Deposit><Deposition><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><Organ System><body system><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><RNA bound><RNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1><COL1A1 gene><COL1A2><COL1A2 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Post-Transcriptional Control><post-transcriptional gene regulation><posttranscriptional control><posttranscriptional regulation><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><endoplasmic reticulum stress><ER stress><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><CLIP-Seq><HITS-CLIP><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><mRNA delivery>
187 <Goals><Health><Grant><United States National Institutes of Health><Communities><Complement><Role><Science><Translating><Work><Writing><Students><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Tissues><Time><Universities><Engineering><Disease><Investments><Pilot Projects><Peer Review><Institutes><instrumentation><Pain><Future><Patient Care><Research Personnel><Research Support><Extracellular Matrix><Mentors><Faculty><Mission><success><Scientist><Evaluation><Quality of life><Reagent><Productivity><Program Development><Records><Recruitment Activity><Natural regeneration><Collaborations><Cells><Research><Biology><Biomedical Research><career development><Advisory Committees><member><response><graduate student><research facility><Individual><Human Resources><Animal Model><Annual Reports><Positioning Attribute><Disease Progression><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><Development><Knowledge><base><career><Research Training><programs><Funding><Organ><Educational workshop><improved><Ensure><Interdisciplinary Study><tissue repair><infrastructure development><multidisciplinary><disease/disorder><Complement Proteins><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Address><Disorder><design><Centers of Research Excellence><Investigators><Researchers><Patient Care Delivery><NIH><National Institutes of Health><QOL><recruit><Regeneration><regenerate><Body Tissues><social role><Painful><pilot study><Teaching><Task Forces><Research Program Projects><Workshop><Infrastructure><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Animal Models and Related Studies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><model organism><Manpower><personnel><designing><Position><developmental><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence>
188 <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Biological Preservation><Production><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Training and Education><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Facilities Construction Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><N.I.H. Research Support><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student>
189 <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligands><Mentors><polymorphism><Polymorphism (Genetics)><Genetic Polymorphism><Publishing><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Societies><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><matrix Gla protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Nation><Developed Country><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><protein expression><preventing><prevent><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><protein function><mineralization>
190 <Accounting><Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><clinical investigation><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><Joint Instability><Articulation><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><joint ligament><Articular ligaments><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><Healed><repair><repaired><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><mechanical><Mechanics><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><restoration><Formulation><Drug Formulations><Inferior><Visit><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><Speed><Speed (motion)><Structure><simulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><functional restoration><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><therapy development><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair>
191 <Biology><Biomedical Research><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Cells><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Goals><Health><instrumentation><Laboratories><Names><tumor cell metastasis><cancer metastasis><Tumor Cell Migration><Secondary Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastasize><Metastasis><Neoplasm Metastasis><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Reagent><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><calcification><base><Individual><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><skills><member><Prevention><career development><Address><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><public health relevance><disease diagnosis><tissue repair>
192 <NA>
193 <new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Body Tissues><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><pilot study><Sight><visual function><Regeneration><regenerate><Investigators><Researchers><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Research Infrastructure><tissue repair><programs><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><Individual><Liver Fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Study><Cell Body><Prevention><Scientist><ligament injury><Collaborations><Animal Model><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Disease Progression><Funding><career development><Address><skills><Biology><member><Functional disorder><Biomedical Research><disease diagnosis><novel strategies><hepatic fibrosis><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><calcification><Productivity><base><Names><damage to ligament><ligament damage><Neoplasm Metastasis><instrumentation><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Laboratories><Tissues><Cardiovascular system><Cells><Animal Models and Related Studies><model organism><Environment><Universities><Extracellular Matrix><Reagent><Pilot Projects><Natural regeneration><Research><Vision><Research Personnel><Research Support><Goals><Health>
194 <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Production><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Computer software><Software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><cost><design><designing><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><preservation><human model><model of human><Infrastructure>
195 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Chemistry><Communities><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><facial><faces><Face><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><Mechanics><mechanical><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Extramural Activities><Extramural><EXTMR><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
196 <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure>
197 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><surveillance study><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><recruit><Infrastructure><COVID-19 surveillance><COVID19 surveillance><SARS-CoV-2 surveillance><coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surveillance>
198 <Affect><Anti-Inflammatories><Anti-inflammatory><Antiinflammatories><Antiinflammatory Agents><antiinflammatory><Anti-Inflammatory Agents><Architecture><Engineering / Architecture><Biology><Biopsy><Western Blotting><Immunoblotting><Western Immunoblotting><protein blotting><Cells><Cell Body><Colon><Demyelinations><demyelinate><Dextrans><dextran><Disease><Disorder><Disease susceptibility><Diathesis><liability to disease><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><EAE><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Epithelial Cells><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Farnesol><3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol><Female><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Fluorochrome><Gene Expression><Inflammation><Intestinal Mucosa><Intestines><Intestinal><bowel><Literature><male><men><Mucins><Mucus Glycoprotein><Mucous Membrane><Mucosa><Mucosal Tissue><Mucous body substance><Mucus><mucous><Multiple Sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><insular sclerosis><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Organism><living system><Permeability><Production><Woman><Microbial Biofilms><biofilm><FISH Technic><FISH Technique><FISH analysis><FISH assay><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><Label><Phase><biologic><Biological><Susceptibility><Predisposition><Epithelium><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Disease Progression><Confocal Microscopy><disease onset><disorder onset><Onset of illness><Bacterial Translocation><Genetic><Inflammatory><Knowledge><Severities><Oral><Pattern><Severity of illness><disease severity><extracellular><microbial><isoprenoid><Disease model><disorder model><Gene Proteins><Protein Gene Products><gastrointestinal epithelium><Gut Epithelium><Modeling><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><quorum sensing><Inflammatory Response><Lamina Propria><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><SJL Mouse><sex><neural inflammation><neuroinflammatory><neuroinflammation><protective effect><resistant><Resistance><GI microbiota><Gastrointestinal microbiota><enteric microbial community><enteric microbiota><gastrointestinal microbial flora><gut commensal><gut community><gut flora><gut microbe community><gut microbial community><gut microbial composition><gut microbial consortia><gut microbiotic><gut microflora><intestinal flora><intestinal microbes><intestinal microbiota><intestinal microflora><intestinal tract microflora><gut microbiota><fecal microbial transplantation><fecal microbiome transplantation><fecal microbiota transplant><fecal microbiota transplantation><fecal transplant><fecal transplantation><microbial consortia><microbial flora><microflora><multispecies consortia><microbiota><microbiota-gut-brain interactions><microbiota-gut-brain signaling><microbiota-gut-brain axis><16S gene sequencing><16S rRNA amplicon sequencing><16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing><16S rRNA gene sequencing><16S rRNA genomic profiling><16S rRNA sequencing><16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing><16S sequencing><16S ribosomal RNA sequencing><Gut Mucosa><fecal microbial community><fecal microbiota><Gut Epithelial Permeability><Gut Hyperpermeability><Gut permeability><Intestinal Epithelial Permeability><Intestinal Hyperpermeability><Intestinal permeability><gut microbial species><gut microbes><mucosa-associated microbes><mucosa-associated microbial community><mucosa-associated microbiota><mucosal flora><mucosal microbes><mucosal microflora><mucosal microbiota><systemic inflammation><systemic inflammatory response><intestinal mucosal barrier><intestinal barrier><microbial composition><gut dysbiosis><gut inflammation><bowel inflammation><inflamed bowel><inflamed gut><inflamed intestine><intestinal inflammation><immune cell infiltrate><Immune infiltrates>
199 <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><career><improved><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><member><graduate student><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Development><developmental><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
200 <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Closure by Ligation><Ligation><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Liver diseases><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Physiological Processes><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Technology><Testing><TCDD><Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><chronic liver disease><Investigation><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><therapeutic target><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
201 <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><Development><developmental><design><designing><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
202 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Magazine><Journals><improved><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><EXTMR><Extramural><Extramural Activities><Principal Investigator><developmental><Development><multidisciplinary><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><microscopic imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
203 <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><base><career><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><regenerate new tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><tissue renewal><tissue regeneration><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><operation><tissue repair><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next generation sequencing><materials science><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><microscopic imaging><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><Visualization>
204 <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Research><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Production><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Research Technics><Research Techniques><Rodent><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Computer software><Software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><wound healing><Wound Repair><wound resolution><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><model organism><Animal Model><member><graduate student><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><regenerate new tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><tissue renewal><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><preservation><model of human><human model><Infrastructure>
205 <Achievement><Achievement Attainment><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Chemistry><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Disease><Disorder><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mentors><Microscopy><Parents><Peer Review><Physics><Publications><Scientific Publication><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><Journals><Magazine><improved><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Research Activity><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><instrument><Nature><Bioreactors><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><computer science><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Prevention><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Development><developmental><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><data acquisition><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><operation><tissue repair><imaging system><materials science><training opportunity><equipment acquisition><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><live cell imaging><live cell image><live cellular image><live cellular imaging><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><Visualization>
206 <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Dedications><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><career><Area><repair><repaired><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><college><collegiate><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><simulation><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Modeling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisitions><data acquisition><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><operations><operation><tissue repair><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next generation sequencing><materials science><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Service delivery model><Visualization>
207 <ages><Age><Biology><bone><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><Cell Differentiation process><Cell Differentiation><Cell Survival><Cell Viability><Cells><Cell Body><Cisplatin><CDDP><Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum><Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum><Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II)><Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II)><Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride><Cis-platinum II><Cis-platinum II Diamine Dichloride><Cisplatina><Cisplatinum><Cysplatyna><Dichlorodiammineplatinum><Peyrone's Chloride><Peyrone's Salt><Platinum Diamminodichloride><cis dichlorodiammineplatinum><cis platinum compound><cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum><cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum><cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II)><cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)><cis-Platinum><DNA Damage><DNA Injury><DNA Repair><DNA Damage Repair><Unscheduled DNA Synthesis><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Fracture><bone fracture><Gene Expression><Goals><Hair><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Idaho><Kinetics><Laboratories><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><mortality><Nausea><Neoplasm Metastasis><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><Osteoblasts><Osteolysis><Osteopenia><Osteopenias><Osteoporosis><Patients><Platinum><Platinum Black><Pt element><Production><Proteins><Public Health><Quality of life><QOL><Recurrence><Recurrent><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Role><social role><Mechanical Stress><Testing><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Universities><Up-Regulation><Upregulation><Woman><Work><Women's Health><Female Health><improved><repair><repaired><Physical activity><Carcinogen-DNA Adducts><DNA Adducts><Deposition><Deposit><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Protocols documentation><Protocol><vibration><Nucleotide Excision Repair><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><adduct><experience><bone loss><Toxic effect><Toxicities><chemotherapeutic agent><Therapeutic Intervention><intervention therapy><response><Proteomics><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><cancer recurrence><osteoblast cell differentiation><osteoblastic differentiation><osteoblast differentiation><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><Institution><preventing><prevent><Patient Compliance><patient adherence><patient cooperation><therapy compliance><therapy cooperation><treatment compliance><compliance behavior><Dose><Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm><Recurrent Cancer><Recurrent Malignant Tumor><Administrative Supplement><Breast Cancer Treatment><Core Facility><DNA Adduction><DNA Adduct Formation><Data><preventive intervention><Preventative intervention><intervention for prevention><prevention intervention><preventional intervention strategy><Qualifying><Cancer Patient><Cancer Survivor><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><designing><design><bone health><Outcome><Population><anti-cancer treatment><anticancer treatment><chemotherapy><pluripotency><senescent><senescence><effective treatment><effective therapy><osteogenic><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptomic sequencing><transcriptome sequencing><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><Breast Cancer survivor><Data Science><improved outcome><fracture risk><mechanical force><experiment><experimental research><experiments><experimental study><rural counties><side effect><long-term sequelae>
208 <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Histology><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Kidney><Lactation><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Technical Expertise><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><skeletal><cancer risk><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><Sampling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><LBUL><Lobule><mammary><Human Mammary Glands><Mammary gland><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Mammary Tumorigenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
209 <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Faculty><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><career><improved><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Model><Animal Models and Related Studies><model of animal><member><graduate student><Human Resources><Manpower><personnel><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Development><developmental><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure><implementation facilitation>
210 <Aging><Angiogenesis Factor><Angiogenic Factor><Biocompatible Materials><Biomaterials><biological material><Biology><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibroins><Gel><Gene Expression><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Insulin-Like Growth Factor I><IGF-1><IGF-I><IGF-I-SmC><Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1><Insulin-Like Somatomedin Peptide I><Somatomedin C><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Myosin ATPase><Actin-Activated ATPase><Myosin Adenosine Triphosphatase><Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase><Myosins><Peptides><Production><Proteins><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Stains><Staining method><stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Testing><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tyramine><Umbilical vein><Vascularization><Silk><Generations><Mediating><injuries><Injury><crosslink><improved><Encapsulated><Phase><Biochemical><Endothelial Cells><Voluntary Muscle><Skeletal Muscle><Myotubes><Rhabdomyocyte><Skeletal Fiber><Skeletal Muscle Cell><Skeletal Muscle Fiber><Skeletal Myocytes><Muscle Fibers><skeletal disease><skeletal disorder><Co-culture><Cocultivation><Coculture><Coculture Techniques><Therapeutic><Morphology><Nature><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Protocols documentation><Protocol><System><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><Myoblasts><Embryonic Muscle Cells><Precursor Muscle Cells><myogenesis><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><Hydrogels><novel><Modeling><FGF2 gene><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor><Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene><FGF-2><FGF2><FGFB><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2><Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Gene><HBGF-2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2><Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Class II><Prostate Epithelial Cell Growth Factor><bFGF><Muscle Development><Muscular Development><VEGF><VEGFs><Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors><Musculoskeletal System Development><Musculoskeletal Development><Data><in vitro Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><stem cell differentiation><Coupling><therapeutic target><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><induced pluripotent cell><inducible pluripotent stem cell><induced pluripotent stem cell><skeletal muscle differentiation><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptomic sequencing><transcriptome sequencing><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical properties>
211 <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Cervical Cancer><Cervix Cancer><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Disease><Disorder><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><Movement><body movement><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Organelles><Parkinson Disease><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Substantia nigra structure><Substantia Nigra><Testing><Work><ECM receptor><extracellular matrix receptor><Mediating><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Susceptibility><Predisposition><motor disease><motor dysfunction><motor disorder><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><NAC precursor><PARK1 protein><PARK4 protein><SNCA><SNCA protein><a-syn><a-synuclein><alphaSP22><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><α-syn><α-synuclein><alpha synuclein><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><mutant><Receptor Protein><receptor><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><DA Neuron><Dopamine neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44><MDU3><Pgp1><CD44 gene><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FRAP1><FRAP2><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><RAFT1><mTOR><mammalian target of rapamycin><FRAP1 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><protein aggregation><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cellular model><Cell model><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><therapy development><disease-causing mutation><combat><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome sequencing><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><symptomatic treatment><treat symptom><symptom treatment><motor symptom>
212 <Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Cicatrix><Scars><Collagen><Connective Tissue Diseases><Connective Tissue Disorder><Cessation of life><Death><Discrimination><Cognitive Discrimination><Disease><Disorder><Drug Design><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Endoplasmic Reticulum><Ergastoplasm><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunoprecipitation><Immune Precipitation><Intelligence><Kidney Diseases><Nephropathy><Renal Disease><kidney disorder><renal disorder><Kinetics><Ligands><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Macular degeneration><Macular degenerative disease><Molecular Conformation><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Stereochemistry><conformation><conformational state><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><Pulmonary Fibrosis><lung fibrosis><RNA><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA Gene Products><Ribonucleic Acid><Messenger RNA><mRNA><Role><social role><Systemic Scleroderma><Systemic Sclerosis><progressive systemic sclerosis><Signal Pathway><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Testing><Thermodynamics><Thermodynamic><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Tissue Distribution><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><cross-link><crosslink><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><biosynthesis><Anabolism><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Ligand Binding Protein><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Protein Binding><bound protein><Binding Proteins><Disease Progression><Chaperone><Molecular Chaperones><ER Positive><ER+><Estrogen receptor positive><Industrialized Countries><Industrialized Nations><developed country><developed nation><developed nations><Developed Countries><Normal Tissue><Normal tissue morphology><Deposit><Deposition><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><Organ System><body system><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5'UTR><mRNA Leader Sequences><5' Untranslated Regions><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><RNA bound><RNA Binding><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1><COL1A1 gene><COL1A2><COL1A2 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Post-Transcriptional Control><post-transcriptional gene regulation><posttranscriptional control><posttranscriptional regulation><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><ER stress><endoplasmic reticulum stress><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><CLIP-Seq><HITS-CLIP><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><mRNA delivery><Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane>
213 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
214 <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><biological engineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Schools><Science><Software><Computer software><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><base><career><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><tissue repair><next generation sequencing><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Visualization><mass spectrometric imaging><imaging mass spectrometry>
215 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Chemistry><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Face><faces><facial><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Health><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Mentors><Peer Review><Physics><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Journals><Magazine><improved><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Discipline><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Development Plans><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><Electrical Engineering><Nature><programs><mechanical><Mechanics><Investigation><success><laboratory facility><computer science><Manuscripts><Prevention><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Extramural Activities><EXTMR><Extramural><Principal Investigator><Development><developmental><multidisciplinary><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><disease diagnosis><Secure><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><recruit><Infrastructure>
216 <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bio-engineered><bio-engineers><bioengineering><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><Data Analyses><Data Analysis><data interpretation><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Future><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Schools><Science><Computer software><Software><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Veterans><Vision><Sight><visual function><Work><Businesses><base><career><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><collegiate><college><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Manpower><personnel><Human Resources><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Computer Analysis><computational analyses><computational analysis><computer analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><tissue repair><next generation sequencing><NGS Method><NGS system><next gen sequencing><nextgen sequencing><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><Service delivery model><Service model><care delivery model><health care delivery model><healthcare delivery model><Visualization>
217 <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Plasma Membrane><plasmalemma><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Cervical Cancer><Cervix Cancer><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Disease><Disorder><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><Movement><body movement><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Nerve Degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><neural degeneration><neurodegeneration><neurodegenerative><neurological degeneration><neuronal degeneration><Organelles><Parkinson Disease><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson><Parkinson's disease><Parkinsons disease><Primary Parkinsonism><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Substantia nigra structure><Substantia Nigra><Testing><Work><ECM receptor><extracellular matrix receptor><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><AKT><Akt protein><Protein Kinase B><RAC-PK protein><c-akt protein><proto-oncogene protein RAC><proto-oncogene protein akt><rac protein kinase><related to A and C-protein><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Predisposition><Susceptibility><motor disorder><motor disease><motor dysfunction><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><alpha synuclein><NAC precursor><PARK1 protein><PARK4 protein><SNCA><SNCA protein><a-syn><a-synuclein><alphaSP22><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><α-syn><α-synuclein><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><experience><mutant><Receptor Protein><receptor><nerve cell death><nerve cell loss><neuron cell death><neuron cell loss><neuron death><neuronal cell death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal death><neuronal loss><neuron loss><trafficking><Reporting><Abscission><Extirpation><Removal><Surgical Removal><resection><Excision><Position><Positioning Attribute><DA Neuron><Dopamine neuron><dopaminergic neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44><MDU3><Pgp1><CD44 gene><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FRAP1><FRAP2><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><RAFT1><mTOR><mammalian target of rapamycin><FRAP1 gene><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Preclinical Models><Pre-Clinical Model><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><protein aggregation><insoluble aggregate><protein aggregate><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><therapy development><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><disease-causing mutation><combat><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><symptom treatment><symptomatic treatment><treat symptom><motor symptom>
218 <Acceleration><Actins><Aging><Award><Bed rest><Bedrest><Behavioral Research><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Research><Biophysics><biophysical foundation><biophysical principles><biophysical sciences><bone><cell growth><Cellular Expansion><Cellular Growth><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Collagen><Cytoskeleton><Cellular Matrix><Cytoskeletal System><intracellular skeleton><Disease><Disorder><DNA><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><Elements><Engineering><Exercise><Extracellular Matrix><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Gene Expression><Goals><Grant><Disabled Persons><Disabled Population><Handicapped><People with Disabilities><Persons with Disabilities><disabled><disabled individual><disabled people><individuals with disabilities><Health><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Motion><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Osteocytes><Osteoporosis><Parents><parent><Pathology><Periodicity><Cyclicity><Rhythmicity><Production><Proteins><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Structure-Activity Relationship><chemical structure function><structure function relationship><Technology><Testing><Time><Work><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Measures><Mediating><CCN2><CTGF><IGF-binding protein-related protein-2><IGFBP-8><IGFBP-rP2><fisp12 protein><insulin-like growth factor binding protein 8><connective tissue growth factor><Stromal Cells><injuries><Injury><Microscope><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><biologic><Biological><biosynthesis><Anabolism><bone cell><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Measurement><Microgravity><Disease Progression><Force Microscopy><Scanning Force Microscopy><Atomic Force Microscopy><Cell Components><Cell Structure><Cellular Structures><Collaborations><Attenuated><attenuate><attenuates><Morphology><cancer cell><Malignant Cell><scaffold><scaffolding><Machine Learning><machine based learning><Bioreactors><microbioreactor><Knowledge><programs><Mechanics><mechanic><mechanical><Frequencies><Complex><Clinic><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><vibration><Musculoskeletal><Nuclear><Tissue Engineering><bioengineered tissue><engineered tissue><Cell Proliferation><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Multiplication><Cellular Proliferation><lipid biosynthesis><adipogenesis><lipogenesis><bone loss><Speed><novel><Exclusion><Basic Science><Basic Research><Prevention><Modality><Reporting><Modeling><response><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Nuclear Import><Focal Adhesions><Adhesion Plaques><Cell-Matrix Adherens Junctions><Focal Contacts><cell fixing><Nuclear Protein><protein expression><Filamentous Actin><F-Actin><Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell><Mesenchymal progenitor><Mesenchymal Stem Cells><EGFP protein><enhanced green fluorescent protein><preventing><prevent><Signaling Protein><Signaling Factor Proto-Oncogene><Signaling Pathway Gene><Transcription Coactivator><Transcription Activator><Transcription Factor Coactivator><Transcriptional Activator><Transcriptional Activator/Coactivator><Transcriptional Coactivator><transcription co-activator><transcriptional co-activator><Address><Research Training><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Osteolytic><Translational Research><Translational Science><translation research><translational investigation><Development><developmental><tissue regeneration><regenerate new tissue><regenerate tissue><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerating tissue><tissue regrowth><tissue renewal><tissue specific regeneration><Image><imaging><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><Outcome><Population><multidisciplinary><translational study><usability><effective treatment><effective therapy><regenerative><tissue repair><Geometry><training opportunity><live cell microscopy><Cellular Mechanotransduction><Mechanical Signal Transduction><Mechanosensory Transduction><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical force><machine learned algorithm><machine learning based algorithm><machine learning algorithm><data pipeline><in silico><Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells><bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell><mechanical signal><mechanical cue>
219 <Award><Bacteria><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><cell adhesion protein><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Cells><Economical Development><Economic Development><Equipment><Fees><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Investments><Maintenance><Minor><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><Nervous system structure><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Neurosciences><optical><Optics><living system><Organism><Plasmids><gene product><Proteins><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><General Viruses><Virus><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Technical Expertise><Microscope><Area><Ensure><Funding><instrument><Life><programs><Source><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Regulation><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><Commit><Molecular and Cellular Biology><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><cell determination><optical imaging><optic imaging>
220 <NA>
221 <NA>
222 <Bacteria><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Chemistry><Color><Disulfides><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Emergencies><Emergency Situation><Environment><Enzyme Gene><Enzymes><Fluorides><Food or Food Product><Food><Goals><Hydroperoxide><H2O2><Hydrogen Peroxide><Infection><Influenza><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metals><Neuraminidase><exo alpha sialidase><Sialidase><Oligosaccharide Sialidase><N-Acylneuraminate Glycohydrolases><Acylneuraminyl hydrolase><Palladium><Pd element><Production><Reagent><Resources><Research Resources><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Silicon><Si element><Sulfhydryl Compounds><sulfhydryl group><Thiols><Mercapto Compounds><Mercaptans><Testing><untrained worker><Untrained Employee><Untrained Personnel><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Generations><health care><Healthcare><base><Series><Ensure><point of care testing><Bedside Testings><Cleaved cell><cleaved><Diagnostic><Pollution><Event><Home environment><Home><Reaction><Performance><water quality><aqueous><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Reporting><response><theories><small molecule><Affinity><Detection><Disease Marker><Reader><Scheme><Signaling Molecule><point of care><Output><cost><designing><design><foodborn><food-borne><food-born><foodborne><pathogen><public health relevance><point-of-care diagnostics><diagnostic assay><equipment training>
223 <Alleles><Allelomorphs><Alzheimer's Disease><senile dementia of the Alzheimer type><primary degenerative dementia><dementia of the Alzheimer type><Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia><Alzheimers disease><Alzheimers Dementia><Alzheimer's><Alzheimer syndrome><Alzheimer sclerosis><Alzheimer disease><Alzheimer Type Dementia><Alzheimer><Amino Acids><aminoacid><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Antibodies><Apolipoprotein E><ApoE><Apo-E><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Western Blotting><protein blotting><Western Immunoblotting><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain Diseases><Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders><Intracranial CNS Disorders><Encephalon Diseases><Brain Disorders><Transporter Protein><Transport Proteins><Transport Protein Gene><Carrier Proteins><necrocytosis><Cell Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Body><Cells><Cholesterol><Chromosome 18><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18><collagenase I><Nucleolysin><Collalysine><Clostridium histolyticum Collagenase><Clostridiopeptidase A><Microbial Collagenase><Cytoplasm><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Endocytosis><Exhibits><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Fractionation Radiotherapy><FRACN><Chemical Fractionation><Fractionation><Gene Expression><Genes><Glycoproteins><Goals><Modern Man><Human><orthopedic freezing><Immobilization><Immune Precipitation><Immunoprecipitation><In Vitro><Kinetics><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Lipoproteins><Luciferase Immunologic><Luciferases><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><oligos><Oligo><Oligonucleotides><optical><Optics><Play><Proteins><Lipoprotein LDL Receptors><LDL Receptors><Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Testing><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><alpha2-Macroglobulin Signaling Receptor><alpha-2-Macroglobulin Receptor><Low-Density-Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1><Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein><Apolipoprotein E Receptor><ApoE Receptor><Apo E Receptor><LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1><apolipoprotein E4><apolipoprotein E epsilon 4><apoE4><apoE-4><apoE epsilon 4><apo epsilon4><apo E4><apo E-4><APOEε4><APOE e4><APOE-ε4><apolipoprotein E-4><soluble amyloid precursor protein><beta amyloid fibril><amyloid-b protein><amyloid beta><abeta><a beta peptide><Aβ><Amyloid β-Protein><Amyloid β-Peptide><Amyloid β><Amyloid Protein A4><Amyloid Beta-Peptide><Amyloid Alzheimer's Dementia Amyloid Protein><Alzheimer's amyloid><Alzheimer's Amyloid beta-Protein><Alzheimer beta-Protein><Amyloid beta-Protein><Immunofluorescence Microscopy><Enhancers><Family member><Mediating><DNA Sequence><Gelatinase B><Type V Collagenase><Matrix Metalloproteinase-9><Macrophage Gelatinase><MMP-9 Protein><MMP-9><92-kDa Type IV Collagenase><92-kDa Gelatinase><base><Site><Variant><Variation><Microglia><perivascular glial cell><microgliocyte><microglial cell><mesoglia><gitter cell><Hortega cell><Reporter Genes><Ensure><insight><uptake><Importins><Genetic><Cleaved cell><cleaved><In Situ><Techniques><Nuclear><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><molecular pathology><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><Proteolysis><Protein Cleavage><receptor><Receptor Protein><receptor mediated endocytosis><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><reverse transcriptase PCR><RTPCR><RT-PCR><protein transport><Protein Trafficking><trafficking><novel><Exclusion><Environmental Risk Factor><environmental risk><Environmental Factor><Pathogenesis><genetic risk factor><inherited factor><Sampling><RNA purification><Small Interfering RNA><siRNA><Short interfering RNA><DNA Binding><DNA bound><DNA Binding Interaction><Transcriptional Control><Transcription Regulation><Transcriptional Regulation><Molecular Interaction><Binding><ChIP assay><chromatin immunoprecipitation><Length><Data><Recombinants><Transcript><Validation><Molecular><Pathway interactions><pathway><knock-down><knockdown><design><designing><Alzheimer's disease risk><alzheimer risk><Alzheimer risk factor><loss of function><gain of function><motor impairment><movement limitation><movement impairment><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
224 <Accounting><Age><Allelomorphs><Alleles><senile dementia of the Alzheimer type><primary degenerative dementia><dementia of the Alzheimer type><Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia><Alzheimers disease><Alzheimers Dementia><Alzheimer's><Alzheimer syndrome><Alzheimer sclerosis><Alzheimer disease><Alzheimer Type Dementia><Alzheimer><Alzheimer's Disease><protein sequence><Primary Protein Structure><Amino Acid Sequence><aminoacid><Amino Acids><Antibodies><ApoE><Apo-E><APOE [{C0003595}]><Apolipoprotein E><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><protein blotting><Western Immunoblotting><Western Blotting><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Cathepsins><Cell Number><Cell Count><Cellfree System><Cell-Free System><Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3beta)-><Cholesterol><chymotrypsin><Circular Dichroism><cysteine endopeptidase><cystein proteinase><cystein protease><ICE-like protease><Cell-Death Protease><caspase><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><E coli><Escherichia coli><Glycoproteins><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Lipoproteins><metalloproteinase (general)><Metalloproteinases><Metallopeptidases><Metalloproteases><Microscopy><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><body movement><Movement><neuronal degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Proteolytic Enzymes><Proteinases><Proteases><Peptidases><Esteroproteases><Peptide Hydrolases><Play><Production><gene product><Proteins><Risk><social role><Role><Serine Proteinases><Serine Protein Hydrolases><Serine Endopeptidases><Serine Protease><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Work><apolipoprotein E3><apoE3><apoE-3><apo E3><apo E-3><apolipoprotein E-3><human APOE epsilon4 protein><apolipoprotein E4><apoE4><apoE-4><apo epsilon4><apo E4><apo E-4><apolipoprotein E-4><soluble amyloid precursor protein><beta amyloid fibril><amyloid-b protein><amyloid beta><abeta><a beta peptide><Amyloid Protein A4><Amyloid Fibril Protein (Alzheimer's)><Amyloid Beta-Peptide><Amyloid Alzeheimer's Dementia Amyloid Protein><Alzheimer's amyloid><Alzheimer's Amyloid beta-Protein><Alzheimer beta-Protein><Amyloid beta-Protein><Relative><Relative (related person)><amyloid precursor protein><Amyloid Protein Precursor><Amyloid A4 Protein Precursor><Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor><tangle><neurofibrillary pathology><neurofibrillary lesion><neurofibrillary degeneration><Neurofibrillary Tangles><tau factor><tau><microtubule-bound tau><microtubule-associated protein tau><microtubule bound tau><microtubule associated protein tau><MT-bound tau><tau Proteins><Programmed Cell Death><Apoptosis Pathway><Apoptosis><base><Site><Variation><Variant><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><cysteine protease P32><Yama protein><Yama><SREBP Cleavage Activity 1><SCA-1><PARP Cleavage Protease><Cysteine Protease CPP32><CPP32beta><CPP32B><CPP32 protein><CPP32><CPP-32><CASP3><CASP-3><Apoptosis-Related Cysteine Protease Caspase 3><Apopain><caspase-3><Genetic><cleaved><Cleaved cell><Nature><Consensus><Complex><Event><In Situ><cell type><Late Onset Alzheimer Disease><neurodegenerative illness><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Neurodegenerative Disorders><Amino Acid Substitution><light scattering><molecular pathology><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Protein Cleavage><Proteolysis><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><environmental risk><Environmental Factor><Environmental Risk Factor><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><inherited factor><genetic risk factor><Sampling><Mediator of Activation><Mediator><Mediator of activation protein><sedimentation><Sedimentation process><Length><Affinity><Data><Recombinants><in vitro Assay><Validation><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><pathway><Pathway interactions><designing><design><tangle formation><neurofibrillary tangle formation><Alzheimer's disease risk><loss of function><high risk><public health relevance>
225 <Adult><21+ years old><Adult Human><adulthood><Elderly><advanced age><elders><geriatric><late life><later life><older adult><older person><senior citizen><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Alzheimer's Disease><AD dementia><Alzheimer><Alzheimer Type Dementia><Alzheimer disease><Alzheimer sclerosis><Alzheimer syndrome><Alzheimer's><Alzheimer's disease dementia><Alzheimers Dementia><Alzheimers disease><Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia><dementia of the Alzheimer type><primary degenerative dementia><senile dementia of the Alzheimer type><Amino Acids><aminoacid><Animals><Apolipoprotein E><Apo-E><ApoE><Behavior><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular system><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><cell motility><Cell Locomotion><Cell Migration><Cell Movement><Cellular Migration><Cellular Motility><Motility><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Cells><Cell Body><Embryo><Embryonic><Exhibits><Fertilization><Fertility/Fertilization><Fishes><Fluorescence><Gene Expression><Genes><Goals><Growth><Generalized Growth><Tissue Growth><ontogeny><Heart><Heart Rate><Cardiac Chronotropism><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Inflammation><Learning><Lipoproteins><Locomotion><Long-Term Effects><Longterm Effects><Memory><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><mortality><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Nervous System><Neurologic Body System><Neurologic Organ System><Nervous system structure><neurochemical><neurochemistry><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Neurons><optical><Optics><living system><Organism><Pathology><Esteroproteases><Peptidases><Protease Gene><Proteases><Proteinases><Proteolytic Enzymes><Peptide Hydrolases><Play><Proteins><Risk><Risk Factors><Rodentia><Rodents Mammals><Rodent><social role><Role><Medulla Spinalis><Spinal Cord><Swimming><Tail><Testing><Time><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><apolipoprotein E-4><APOE e4><APOE-ε4><APOEε4><apo E-4><apo E4><apo epsilon4><apoE epsilon 4><apoE-4><apoE4><apolipoprotein E epsilon 4><apolipoprotein E4><Transposase><Neurofibrillary Tangles><neurofibrillary degeneration><neurofibrillary lesion><neurofibrillary pathology><tangle><tau Proteins><MT-bound tau><microtubule bound tau><microtubule-bound tau><tau><tau factor><τ Proteins><Gelatinase B><92-kDa Gelatinase><92-kDa Type IV Collagenase><MMP-9><MMP-9 Protein><Macrophage Gelatinase><Matrix Metalloproteinase-9><Type V Collagenase><base><Chronic><Biological><biologic><Physiological><Physiologic><Neurologic><Neurological><Adolescent><Adolescent Youth><juvenile><juvenile human><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Link><motor disease><motor dysfunction><motor disorder><Memory Deficit><memory dysfunction><Memory impairment><adult youth><young adulthood><young adult><Disease Progression><Confocal Microscopy><Funding><PHF-1><Transgenes><Morphology><Inflammatory><tool><Hour><Pattern><Organ System><body system><late onset alzheimer><Late Onset Alzheimer Disease><Amentia><Dementia><extracellular><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><degenerative neurological diseases><neurodegenerative illness><Neurodegenerative Disorders><molecular pathology><neuromuscular function><hatching><trafficking><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><behavioral test><behavior test><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><inherited factor><genetic risk factor><cardiovascular risk><cardiovascular risk factor><Modeling><Transgenesis><Gene Transfer Techniques><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Length><Defect><Data><Molecular Fingerprinting><molecular profile><molecular signature><Molecular Profiling><Motor><in vitro Assay><in vivo><in vivo Model><Scheme><Tissue-Specific Gene Expression><Differential Gene Expression><Tissue-Specific Differential Gene Expression><Validation><Development><developmental><Behavioral><Pathway interactions><pathway><neurobehavioral><Impairment><Alzheimer's disease risk><Alzheimer risk factor><alzheimer risk><motor impairment><movement impairment><movement limitation><behavioral impairment><impaired behavior><CRISPR/Cas technology><CRISPR approach><CRISPR based approach><CRISPR method><CRISPR methodology><CRISPR technique><CRISPR technology><CRISPR tools><CRISPR-CAS-9><CRISPR-based method><CRISPR-based technique><CRISPR-based technology><CRISPR-based tool><CRISPR/CAS approach><CRISPR/Cas method><CRISPR/Cas9><CRISPR/Cas9 technology><Cas nuclease technology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats approach><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats method><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats methodology><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technique><Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology><Knock-in><knockin><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><dementia risk><risk factor for dementia><risk for dementia><motor behavior><Alzheimer's disease brain><Alzheimer's brain>
226 <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computational resources><computing resources>
227 <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computational resources><computing resources>
228 <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><Failure><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computing resources><computational resources>
229 <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Organism><living system><Parasites><Pilot Projects><pilot study><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><Failure><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computing resources><computational resources>
230 <Biology><Biomedical Research><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communities><Computers><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Environment><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><living system><Organism><Parasites><pilot study><Pilot Projects><pressure><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Time><Travel><Universities><Vaccines><Phase><Ensure><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><Prevention><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Strategic Planning><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Computer Instrumentation><Advanced Instrumentation><Computers and Advanced Instrumentation><Process><pathogen><computational resources><computing resources>
231 <Goals><Half-Life><Integrins><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Laboratories><Ligands><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nuclear Envelope><Nuclear Membrane><Organism><living system><Parents><Phosphorylation><Protein Phosphorylation><Phosphotransferases><Transphosphorylases><Phosphotransferase Gene><Kinases><Post-Translational Protein Processing><Protein Modification><Posttranslational Protein Processing><Posttranslational Modifications><Post-Translational Protein Modification><Post-Translational Modifications><Post-Translational Modification Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Proteins><Publishing><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Science><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Technology><Tissues><Body Tissues><Transcription factor genes><Transcription Factor Proto-Oncogene><General Transcription Factors><General Transcription Factor Gene><Basal transcription factor genes><Basal Transcription Factor><transcription factor><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Normal Values><Normal Range><promotor><promoter><base><career><Site><Biological><Physiologic><Physiological><Link><Training><Endothelial Cells><Individual><src-Family Tyrosine Kinases><src Tyrosine Kinases><src Protein-Tyrosine Kinases><src Kinases><src-Family Kinases><Exposure to><gamma secretase><γ-secretase><gamma secretase complex><ADAM10 protein><Cellular biology><cell biology><Investigation><Complex><Event><System><Vascular System><Membrane><membrane structure><high school><Manuscripts><skills><novel><graduate student><response><Habitats><Notch Signaling Pathway><Proteolysis and Signaling Pathway of Notch><Binding><Molecular Interaction><shear stress><Address><Data><Human Pathology><Phosphorylation Site><Tyrosine Phosphorylation><Pathologic><Molecular><Process><human disease><parent grant><undergraduate student><undergraduate><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><Behavior><Belief><Biology><vascular><Blood Vessels><Cell-to-Cell Interaction><Cell Interaction><Cell Communication><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Communication><Couples><Disorder><Disease><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis>
232 <Amplifiers><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Award><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><biological material><Biomaterials><Biocompatible Materials><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><Biomedical Research><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><nonsmall cell lung cancer><Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC><Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Catalysis><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Engineering><Exhibits><Spillage><Leakage><Extravasation><Feedback><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Au element><Gold><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Humanities><Idaho><In Vitro><Kinetics><Learning><literacy><Logic><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><long-term study><Longitudinal Studies><Mentors><Methods><Athymic Nude Mouse><Athymic Mice><Nude Mice><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Nucleic Acids><Nucleotides><Patients><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Plasma><Polymerase Chain Reaction><Pregnancy Tests><Publishing><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Reverse Transcription><Rewards><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Si element><Silicon><Societies><Supervision><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Testing><Time><Transistors><Work><Writing><Zinc oxide (ZnO)><Lassar's Paste><Zinc Oxide><Measures><Medical Research><Relative><Relative (related person)><case report><Case Study><conference><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Magazine><Journals><base><career><Blood Sample><Blood specimen><Procedures><Area><Medical><Neurological><Neurologic><Link><Ensure><Training><Blood Serum><Serum><diabetic><lung cancer><Pulmonary malignant Neoplasm><Pulmonary Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Lung><Malignant neoplasm of lung><liquid><fluid><Liquid substance><Staging><Reporter><tool><Diagnostic><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Reaction><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Medical center><chemical reaction><nuclease><Performance><synthetic DNA><synthetic construct><professor><self diagnosis><Speed><Speed (motion)><Devices><Sampling><nanotech><nano technology><nano tech><nano scale Science><Nanoscale Science><Nanotechnology><cancer diagnosis><miRNAs><miRNA><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><preventing><prevent><Length><nano-structures><Nanostructures><Detection><Cancer Diagnostics><in vivo><Cancer Detection><enroll><Enrollment><developmental><Development><Output><cost><designing><design><nanometer sized><nanometer scale><nano scale><nano meter sized><nano meter scale><nanoscale><nano science><nanoscience><nano particle><nanoparticle><innovative><innovate><innovation><mouse model><tumor><A549><biomarker><biologic marker><Biological Markers><disease diagnosis>
233 <Amplifiers><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Award><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><biological material><Biomaterials><Biocompatible Materials><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><Biomedical Research><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><nonsmall cell lung cancer><Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC><Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Catalysis><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Engineering><Exhibits><Spillage><Leakage><Extravasation><Feedback><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Au element><Gold><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Humanities><Idaho><In Vitro><Kinetics><Learning><literacy><Logic><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><long-term study><Longitudinal Studies><Mentors><Methods><Athymic Nude Mouse><Athymic Mice><Nude Mice><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Nucleic Acids><Nucleotides><Patients><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Plasma><Polymerase Chain Reaction><Pregnancy Tests><Publishing><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Reverse Transcription><Rewards><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Si element><Silicon><Societies><Supervision><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Testing><Time><Transistors><Work><Writing><Zinc oxide (ZnO)><Lassar's Paste><Zinc Oxide><Measures><Medical Research><Relative><Relative (related person)><case report><Case Study><conference><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Magazine><Journals><base><career><Blood Sample><Blood specimen><Procedures><Area><Medical><Neurological><Neurologic><Link><Ensure><Training><Blood Serum><Serum><diabetic><lung cancer><Pulmonary malignant Neoplasm><Pulmonary Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Lung><Malignant neoplasm of lung><liquid><fluid><Liquid substance><Staging><Reporter><tool><Diagnostic><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Reaction><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Medical center><chemical reaction><nuclease><Performance><synthetic DNA><synthetic construct><professor><self diagnosis><Speed><Speed (motion)><Devices><Sampling><nanotech><nano technology><nano tech><nano scale Science><Nanoscale Science><Nanotechnology><cancer diagnosis><miRNA><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><preventing><prevent><Length><nano-structures><Nanostructures><Detection><Cancer Diagnostics><in vivo><Cancer Detection><enroll><Enrollment><developmental><Development><Output><cost><designing><design><nanometer sized><nanometer scale><nano scale><nano meter sized><nano meter scale><nanoscale><nano science><nanoscience><nano particle><nanoparticle><innovative><innovate><innovation><mouse model><tumor><A549><biomarker><biologic marker><Biological Markers><disease diagnosis>
234 <Amplifiers><Engineering / Architecture><Architecture><Award><Behavior><Biological Chemistry><Biochemistry><biological material><Biomaterials><Biocompatible Materials><Life Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Biological Sciences><Biomedical Research><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood><neoplasm/cancer><malignancy><Malignant Tumor><Cancers><Malignant Neoplasms><nonsmall cell lung cancer><Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer><NSCLC><Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma><circulatory system><Heart Vascular><Cardiovascular system (all sites)><Cardiovascular Organ System><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular system><Catalysis><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><Engineering><Exhibits><Spillage><Leakage><Extravasation><Feedback><Foundations><Gene Expression><Goals><Au element><Gold><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Humanities><Idaho><In Vitro><Kinetics><Learning><Logic><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><long-term study><Longitudinal Studies><Mentors><Methods><Athymic Nude Mouse><Athymic Mice><Nude Mice><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Nucleic Acids><Nucleotides><Patients><Reticuloendothelial System, Serum, Plasma><Plasma Serum><Blood Plasma><Plasma><Polymerase Chain Reaction><Pregnancy Tests><Publishing><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Reverse Transcription><Rewards><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Si element><Silicon><Societies><Supervision><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Testing><Time><Transistors><Work><Writing><Zinc oxide (ZnO)><Lassar's Paste><Zinc Oxide><Measures><Medical Research><Relative><Relative (related person)><case report><Case Study><conference><symposium><health care><Healthcare><Magazine><Journals><base><career><Blood Sample><Blood specimen><Procedures><Area><Medical><Neurological><Neurologic><Link><Ensure><Training><Blood Serum><Serum><diabetic><lung cancer><Pulmonary malignant Neoplasm><Pulmonary Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Lung><Malignant neoplasm of lung><liquid><fluid><Liquid substance><Staging><Reporter><tool><Diagnostic><Knowledge><Adopted><Complex><Reaction><Techniques><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Medical center><chemical reaction><nuclease><Performance><synthetic DNA><synthetic construct><professor><self diagnosis><Speed><Speed (motion)><Devices><Sampling><nanotech><nano technology><nano tech><nano scale Science><Nanoscale Science><Nanotechnology><cancer diagnosis><miRNAs><miRNA><Micro RNA><MicroRNAs><preventing><prevent><Length><nano-structures><Nanostructures><Detection><Cancer Diagnostics><in vivo><Cancer Detection><enroll><Enrollment><developmental><Development><Output><cost><designing><design><nanometer sized><nanometer scale><nano scale><nano meter sized><nano meter scale><nanoscale><nano science><nanoscience><nano particle><nanoparticle><innovative><innovate><innovation><mouse model><tumor><A549><biomarker><biologic marker><Biological Markers><disease diagnosis>
235 <Adhesions><Allelomorphs><Alleles><Alternative RNA Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative Splicing><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><Parturition><Birth><cell adhesion protein><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Cell Number><Cell Count><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Cells><Chromosome 21><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Genes><Goals><Incidence><Ligands><Photoradiation><Light><mouse mutant><Mutant Strains Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><Nervous system structure><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Neurosciences><Pathology><Patients><Phenotype><Play><Publishing><Research><Research Proposals><Retina><retinal ganglion><Ganglion Cells (Retina)><Retinal Ganglion Cells><Splicing><RNA Splicing><social role><Role><Stress><synapse><Synaptic><Synapses><Testing><Time><Trisomy><Universities><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><Washington><Work><Neurites><Mediating><career><dosage><Series><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><Amacrine Cells><Visual><Funding><gene function><Staging><programs><Complex><cell type><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Receptor Protein><receptor><nervous system development><neuronal loss><neuronal cell death><neuron cell death><neuron loss><soma><neuronal cell body><neural cell body><Cell Body><cell body (neuron)><light deprivation><molecular recognition><neural><relating to nervous system><Neural Development><neurodevelopment><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Reporting><Coding System><Code><Regulation><Modeling><genetic resource><axon growth cone guidance><axon guidance><preventing><prevent><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Homologue><Homolog><GeneHomolog><Homologous Gene><Developmental Process><cell stress><Cellular Stress><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><mutant mouse model><Retinal><Coupled><mouse model><monocular><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><overexpress><overexpression><neural patterning>
236 <Adhesions><Allelomorphs><Alleles><Alternative RNA Splicing><Alternate Splicing><Alternative Splicing><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biomedical Research><Parturition><Birth><cell adhesion protein><Adhesion Molecule><Cell Adhesion Molecules><Cell Number><Cell Count><necrocytosis><Cell Death><Cells><Chromosome 21><Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21><Communities><Cues><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Eyeball><Eye><Genes><Goals><Incidence><Ligands><Photoradiation><Light><mouse mutant><Mutant Strains Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Neurologic Organ System><Neurologic Body System><Nervous System><Nervous system structure><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Neurosciences><Pathology><Patients><Phenotype><Play><Publishing><Research><Research Proposals><Retina><retinal ganglion><Ganglion Cells (Retina)><Retinal Ganglion Cells><Splicing><RNA Splicing><social role><Role><Stress><synapse><Synaptic><Synapses><Testing><Time><Trisomy><Universities><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><Washington><Work><Neurites><Mediating><career><dosage><Series><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><Amacrine Cells><Visual><Funding><gene function><Staging><programs><Complex><cell type><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Isoforms><Protein Isoforms><Receptor Protein><receptor><nervous system development><neuronal loss><neuronal cell death><neuron cell death><neuron loss><soma><neuronal cell body><neural cell body><Cell Body><cell body (neuron)><light deprivation><molecular recognition><neural><relating to nervous system><Neural Development><neurodevelopment><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Reporting><Coding System><Code><Regulation><Modeling><genetic resource><axon growth cone guidance><axon guidance><preventing><prevent><disease causation><causation><Causality><Etiology><Homologue><Homolog><GeneHomolog><Homologous Gene><Developmental Process><cell stress><Cellular Stress><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><mutant mouse model><Retinal><Coupled><mouse model><monocular><Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule><overexpress><overexpression><neural patterning>
237 <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Award><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mosaicism><mosaic disorders><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Research><Resort><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><health organization><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><parent grant><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><resistance gene><resistance locus><resistant gene><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
238 <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Resort><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><helicase><health organization><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><cost><pathogen><bacterial pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><Prevalence><resistant><Resistance><multidisciplinary><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multi-drug resistant pathogen><resistance locus><resistant gene><resistance gene><experiment><experimental research><experimental study>
239 <Affect><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Cause of Death><Cell Body><Cells><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Death><Cessation of life><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Modern Man><Human><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Resort><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multi-Drug Resistance><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><models and simulation><model-based simulation><repository><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Abate><Horizontal Gene Transfer><Lateral Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA unwinding enzyme><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA Helicases><health organization><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><multidrug resistant bacteria><multi-drug resistant bacteria><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multidrug resistant organism><multi-drug resistant organism><MDR pathogen><MDR organism><resistance gene><resistant gene><resistance locus><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
240 <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Resort><social role><Role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><health organization><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><resistance gene><resistance locus><resistant gene><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
241 <Affect><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotics><Bacteria><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Drug Therapy><Pharmacotherapy><Evolution><Future><Genes><Genotype><Goals><Health><History><Recording of previous events><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Phenotype><Plasmids><gene product><Proteins><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Replication Unit><Replicon><Research><Research Support><social role><Role><Time><Virulence><Work><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis><antibiotic resistant><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><Point Mutation><Sequence Analyses><SEQ-AN><Sequence Analysis><base><improved><Variation><Variant><Medical><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><Knowledge><Complex><Pattern><Formulation><Drug Formulations><interest><genetic element><simulation><novel><disease prevention><disorder prevention><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Reporting><Modeling><mathematical modeling><Math Models><mathematical model><genetic determinant><Genetic Determinism><genome sequencing><Address><fitness><Data><transfer of a gene><Gene Transfer><General Infectious Diseases / Treatment><infectious disease treatment><Hot Spots (Area of Increased Mortality)><Hot Spot><Molecular><developmental><Development><vector><cost><fight against><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><Population><resistant><Resistance><public health relevance>
242 <Affect><Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><drug resistant><resistance to Drug><resistant to Drug><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Statistical Models><Probabilistic Models><Probability Models><statistical linear mixed models><statistical linear models><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><Resort><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><Resistance to antibiotics><Resistant to antibiotics><antibiotic drug resistance><antibiotic resistant><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><Multi-Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multiple Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multi-drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to multidrug><multi-drug resistant><multidrug resistant><Techniques><trait><novel><model-based simulation><models and simulation><depository><repository><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Abate><Lateral Gene Transfer><Horizontal Gene Transfer><DNA Helicases><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA unwinding enzyme><helicase><health organization><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><multi-drug resistant bacteria><multidrug resistant bacteria><Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><cost><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><bacteria pathogen><bacterial pathogen><Prevalence><Resistance><resistant><multidisciplinary><novel therapeutics><new drug treatments><new drugs><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel therapy><new therapeutic target><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><multi-drug resistant pathogen><MDR organism><MDR pathogen><multi-drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multiple drug resistant pathogen><resistance gene><resistance locus><resistant gene><experimental study><experiment><experimental research>
243 <Affect><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotics><Bacteria><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Drug resistance><Drug Therapy><Pharmacotherapy><Evolution><Future><Genes><Genotype><Goals><Health><History><Recording of previous events><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Phenotype><Plasmids><gene product><Proteins><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Replication Unit><Replicon><Research><Research Support><social role><Role><Time><Virulence><Work><Mutagenesis Molecular Biology><Genetics-Mutagenesis><Mutagenesis><antibiotic resistant><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Antibiotic Resistance><Mediating><Point Mutation><Sequence Analyses><SEQ-AN><Sequence Analysis><base><improved><Variation><Variant><Medical><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><Knowledge><Complex><Pattern><Formulation><Drug Formulations><interest><genetic element><simulation><novel><disease prevention><disorder prevention><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><model-based simulation><models and simulation><Reporting><Modeling><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><genetic determinant><Genetic Determinism><genome sequencing><Address><fitness><Data><transfer of a gene><Gene Transfer><General Infectious Diseases / Treatment><infectious disease treatment><Hot Spots (Area of Increased Mortality)><Hot Spot><Molecular><developmental><Development><vector><cost><fight against><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><pathogen><pathogenic bacteria><Population><resistant><Resistance><public health relevance>
244 <Affect><Antibiotics><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Antibiotic Drugs><Antibiotic Agents><Bacteria><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Centers for Disease Control><CDC><Computer Simulation><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Cessation of life><Death><Drug resistance><resistant to Drug><resistance to Drug><drug resistant><Pharmaceutical Preparations><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Evolution><Experimental Designs><Genes><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Joints><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><permissiveness><Plasmids><Proteins><Pseudomonas aeruginosa><Pseudomonas pyocyanea><P.aeruginosa><P. aeruginosa><P aeruginosa><Resort><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Work><World Health><World Health Organization><Antibiotic Resistance><antibiotic resistant><antibiotic drug resistance><Resistant to antibiotics><Resistance to antibiotics><Mediating><improved><Biochemical><Link><insight><multidrug resistant><multi-drug resistant><Resistant to multidrug><Resistant to multi-drug><Resistant to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multiple Drug><Resistance to Multidrug><Resistance to Multi-drug><Multiple Drug Resistant><Multiple Drug Resistance><Multidrug Resistance><Multi-Drug Resistance><Techniques><trait><novel><models and simulation><model-based simulation><repository><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Abate><Horizontal Gene Transfer><Lateral Gene Transfer><helicase><DNA unwinding enzyme><DNA Unwinding Proteins><DNA Helicases><health organization><Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial><Resistance to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistance to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Antibacterial Drug Resistance><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistant><Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug Resistance><multidrug resistant bacteria><multi-drug resistant bacteria><Resistant to Multiple Antibacterial Drug><Resistant to Multiple Anti-bacterial Drug><Mobile Genetic Elements><Helicase Gene><fitness><Data><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><cost><pathogen><Prevalence><resistant><Resistance><multidisciplinary><novel therapy><novel drugs><novel drug treatments><next generation therapeutics><new therapy><new therapeutics><new drugs><new drug treatments><novel therapeutics><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><new therapeutic target><multiple drug resistant pathogen><multiple drug resistant organism><multidrug resistant pathogen><multidrug resistant organism><multi-drug resistant organism><MDR pathogen><MDR organism><multi-drug resistant pathogen><resistant gene><resistance locus><resistance gene><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
245 <Affect><Awareness><Dorsum><Back><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Boxing><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Engineering><Environment><genetic epistases><gene x gene interaction><Interaction Deviation><Epistatic Deviation><Epistasis><Genetic Epistasis><Evolution><Future><Genome><Genotype><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><Laboratories><Libraries><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Photoradiation><Light><Maps><Mathematics><Medicine><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Theoretic Models><Theoretical model><Motivation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><living system><Organism><Phenotype><Play><Population Sizes><gene product><Proteins><Research><social role><Role><Technology><Testing><Time><Vaccines><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Measures><Walking><base><Biological><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Error Sources><Knowledge><fighting><Frequency><Frequencies (time pattern)><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><pleiotropy><pleiotropism><success><life history><microbial><trait><simulation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><theories><mathematical modeling><Math Models><mathematical model><fitness><Data><Molecular><Modification><pathway><Pathway interactions><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><designing><design><Genome engineering><pathogen><resistant><Resistance><combat><public health relevance><flexible><flexibility><next generation sequencing>
246 <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><protein sequence><Primary Protein Structure><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Codon Nucleotides><Codon><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunization><Immunostimulation><Immunological Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunologic Sensitization><Libraries><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mutation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Nigeria><Poliomyelitis><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Sabin Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Genome><virus genome><Viral Proteins><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Virulence><Virus><General Viruses><Generations><Measures><base><Variation><Variant><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><vaccine development><vaccine formulation><development of a vaccine><develop a vaccine><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid technique><rapid method><Pathogenicity><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><prevent><preventing><Address><Live-attenuated Vaccine><Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine><Transcript><Vaccine Design><pathway><Pathway interactions><fight against><designing><design><pathogen><Population><stem><vaccine response>
247 <Affect><Awareness><Dorsum><Back><Bacteria><bacterial virus><Phages><Bacteriophages><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Boxing><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Engineering><Environment><genetic epistases><gene x gene interaction><epistatic relationship><Interaction Deviation><Epistatic Deviation><Epistasis><Genetic Epistasis><Evolution><Future><Genome><Genotype><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><Laboratories><Libraries><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Photoradiation><Light><Maps><Math><Mathematics><Medicine><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Theoretic Models><Theoretical model><Motivation><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><living system><Organism><Phenotype><Play><Population Sizes><gene product><Proteins><Research><social role><Role><Technology><Testing><Time><Vaccines><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Measures><Walking><base><Biological><failure><FLR><Failure (biologic function)><Error Sources><Knowledge><fighting><Frequency><Frequencies (time pattern)><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Pattern><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Viral><pleiotropy><pleiotropism><success><life history><microbial><trait><simulation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><theories><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><fitness><Data><Molecular><Modification><pathway><Pathway interactions><computer based prediction><predictive modeling><designing><design><Genome engineering><pathogen><flexible><flexibility><next generation sequencing>
248 <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><Phages><bacterial virus><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Codon Nucleotides><Codon><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunization><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation><Libraries><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nigeria><Poliomyelitis><Acute Poliomyelitis><Polio><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Sabin Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><Live-attenuated Vaccine><live vaccine><live vaccines><Viral Genome><virus genome><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virulence><Virus><Generations><Measures><base><Variant><Variation><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><develop a vaccine><development of a vaccine><vaccine formulation><vaccine development><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid method><rapid technique><Pathogenicity><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><preventing><prevent><Address><Transcript><Vaccine Design><Pathway interactions><pathway><fight against><design><designing><Population><Consumption><stem><vaccine response><emerging pathogen><new pathogen><novel pathogen>
249 <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><protein sequence><Primary Protein Structure><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><bacterial virus><Phages><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><Codon><Codon Nucleotides><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Outbreaks><Disease Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Immunostimulation><Immunological Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunization><Libraries><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Nigeria><Polio><Acute Poliomyelitis><Poliomyelitis><Sabin Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><live vaccine><Attenuated Vaccines><virus genome><Viral Genome><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><Virulence><General Viruses><Virus><Generations><Measures><base><Variant><Variation><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><vaccine development><vaccine formulation><development of a vaccine><develop a vaccine><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid technique><rapid method><Pathogenicity><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><preventing><prevent><Address><Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine><Live-attenuated Vaccine><Transcript><Vaccine Design><Pathway interactions><pathway><fight against><design><designing><pathogen><Population><Consumption><stem><vaccine response>
250 <Affect><Amino Acid Sequence><Primary Protein Structure><protein sequence><Back><Dorsum><Bacteriophages><Phages><bacterial virus><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Codon Nucleotides><Codon><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Engineering><Epidemic><Evolution><Future><Genes><Viral Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Immunization><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation><Libraries><Methods><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Mus><Mice><Mice Mammals><Murine><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Nigeria><Poliomyelitis><Acute Poliomyelitis><Polio><Oral Poliovirus Vaccine><Oral Polio Vaccine><Sabin Vaccine><Population Sizes><Research><Russia><Testing><Time><Translations><Vaccines><Attenuated Vaccines><live vaccine><Viral Genome><virus genome><Viral Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Gene Proteins><virus protein><Virulence><Virus><Generations><Measures><base><Variation><Variant><Individual><Recovery><Attenuated><tool><Knowledge><fighting><Pattern><System><Viral><success><develop a vaccine><development of a vaccine><vaccine formulation><vaccine development><attenuation><skills><Modeling><Property><rapid method><rapid technique><Pathogenicity><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><preventing><prevent><Address><Live-attenuated Vaccine><Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine><Transcript><Vaccine Design><pathway><Pathway interactions><fight against><designing><design><pathogen><Population><Consumption><stem><vaccine response>
251 <Molecular Genetic Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Abnormality><Affect><virus antigen><Viral Antigens><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><Child Human><0-11 years old><Child><genetic mapping><Total Human and Non-Human Gene Mapping><Linkage Mapping><Gene Mapping Genetics><Gene Mapping><Gene Localization><Chromosome Mapping><Chromosomes><Salivary Gland Virus Disease><Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalovirus Infections><human cytomegalovirus><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><HCMV><CMV><Cytomegalovirus><Diagnosis><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><DNA Injury><DNA Damage><Unscheduled DNA Synthesis><DNA Damage Repair><DNA Repair><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><Downregulation><Down-Regulation (Physiology)><Down-Regulation><Enzymes><Exhibits><Fibroblasts><Genes><Goals><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Infant><Infection><Interphase><Mental Retardation><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Microcephaly><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Parents><Play><gene product><Proteins><Research><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Syndrome><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><Virus Particle><Virion><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><Myelin P0 Protein><Caring><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><FISH analysis><FISH Technique><FISH Technic><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><improved><Site><Area><Clinical><repair><repaired><Link><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Funding><congenital infection><Research Specimen><Specimen><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><brain tissue><fetal><interest><Auditory system><dimer><economic cost><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><nidogen-1><Sampling><response><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><preventing><prevent><Hypoacusis><Hypoacuses><Hearing Loss><hearing impairment><Defect><in vitro Model><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Phase><Monitor><Molecular><developmental><Development><neonate><Neonatal><Population><migration><public health relevance>
252 <Molecular Genetic Abnormality><Congenital Malformation><Congenital Deformity><Congenital Defects><Congenital Anatomical Abnormality><Congenital Anatomic Abnormality><Birth Defects><Congenital Abnormality><Affect><virus antigen><Viral Antigens><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><Brain><Cell Differentiation><Cell Differentiation process><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cells><youngster><childrens'><children><Children (0-21)><Child Youth><Child Human><0-11 years old><Child><genetic mapping><Total Human and Non-Human Gene Mapping><Linkage Mapping><Gene Mapping Genetics><Gene Mapping><Gene Localization><Chromosome Mapping><Chromosomes><Salivary Gland Virus Disease><Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease><Cytomegalovirus Infections><human cytomegalovirus><cytomegalovirus group><Salivary Gland Viruses><HCMV><CMV><Cytomegalovirus><Diagnosis><Deoxyribonucleic Acid><DNA><DNA Injury><DNA Damage><Unscheduled DNA Synthesis><DNA Damage Repair><DNA Repair><trisomy 21 syndrome><pseudohypertrophic progressive muscular dystrophy><morbus Down><congenital acromicria syndrome><chromosome 21 trisomy syndrome><Trisomy 21><Mongolism><Langdon Down syndrome><Downs Syndrome><Down's Syndrome><Down Syndrome><Downregulation><Down-Regulation (Physiology)><Down-Regulation><Enzymes><Exhibits><Fibroblasts><Genes><Goals><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Infant><Infection><Interphase><Mental Retardation><microencephaly><micrencephaly><Microcephaly><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><neuronal><Neurocyte><Neural Cell><Nerve Unit><Nerve Cells><Neurons><Parents><Play><gene product><Proteins><Research><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Syndrome><Testing><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><virus protein><Viral Gene Proteins><Viral Gene Products><Viral Proteins><Virus Particle><Virion><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Peripheral Nerve Myelin Protein Zero><P0 Protein><P0 Glycoprotein><Myelin Protein Zero><Myelin P0 Protein><Caring><Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization><FISH analysis><FISH Technique><FISH Technic><Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization><improved><Site><Area><Clinical><repair><repaired><Link><Ligand Binding Protein><Binding Proteins><Funding><congenital infection><Research Specimen><Specimen><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><brain tissue><fetal><interest><Auditory system><dimer><economic cost><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><nidogen-1><Sampling><response><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neural progenitor><neural precursor><Neural Stem Cell><nerve stem cell><preventing><prevent><Hypoacusis><Hypoacuses><Hearing Loss><hearing impairment><Defect><in vitro Model><Lytic Infection><Lytic Cycle><Lytic Phase><Monitor><Molecular><developmental><Development><neonate><Neonatal><Population><migration><public health relevance>
253 <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Disadvantaged><Educational aspects><Education><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Salaries><Wages><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Seasons><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Development><developmental><novel strategies><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><STEM knowledge><STEM Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><laboratory technology><lab equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
254 <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Hispanics><Latino><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><developmental><Development><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><tribal university><tribal college><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><undergraduate><undergraduate student><faculty mentor><higher education><lab equipment><laboratory technology><laboratory equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
255 <Affect><Award><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Investments><Mentors><Productivity><Public Health><public health medicine (field)><Research><Science><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Universities><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Individual><Funding><Community Outreach><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><meetings><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><Services><science education><success><laboratory facility><research facility><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Diameter><Caliber><Health Sciences><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><next generation><undergraduate student>
256 <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Evaluation><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><public health relevance><undergraduate student>
257 <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Salaries><Wages><Schools><medical college><school of medicine><medical schools><Science><Seasons><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Development><developmental><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><lab equipment><laboratory technology><Degree program><rural underserved><rural under served><Infrastructure><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><community engagement><Latino Population><Latino group><Latino individual><Latino people><Latinos><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics>
258 <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Savings><Science><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><medical school students><Medical Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><conflict resolution><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate research><Degree Completion><Degree Attainment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Degree program><education research><Diverse Workforce><Workplace Diversity><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><recruit><Infrastructure><education resources><educational resources>
259 <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Scientific Publication><Publications><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><medical college><school of medicine><medical schools><Science><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexibility><flexible><Secure><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><underserved students><under-served student><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure><community engagement>
260 <Award><Biological Sciences><Biologic Sciences><Bioscience><Life Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Death><necrocytosis><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Computer-Assisted Image Analysis><content based retrieval><Computers><Developmental Biology><Disease><Disorder><Environment><Faculty><Genes><Group Meetings><Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Physiological Homeostasis><Hypertrophy><Idaho><Investments><Ion Channel><Ionic Channels><Membrane Channels><Laboratories><Learning><macrophage><Mφ><Medical Imaging><Mentors><Modernization><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Parents><Phagocytes><Phagocytic Cell><amebocyte><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Time><Universities><Washington><Work><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Data Set><Dataset><Injury><injuries><Immunologist><base><career><improved><Image Analysis><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Area><Biological><Microglia><Hortega cell><gitter cell><mesoglia><microglial cell><microgliocyte><perivascular glial cell><Training><ganglion cell><gangliocyte><Discipline><Rural><Fostering><Funding><Collaborations><gene function><Morphology><machine learned><Machine Learning><Light Signal Transduction><Visual Transduction><Phototransduction><programs><Scientist><Pattern><Techniques><interest><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><Muller glia><Müller cell><Müller glia><Muller's cell><mutant><computer science><melanopsin><Modeling><bio-imaging><biomedical imaging><bioimaging><CNS Nervous System><Central Nervous System><Neuraxis><Neural Stem Cell><neural precursor><neural precursor cell><neural progenitor><neural progenitor cells><neuron progenitors><neuronal progenitor><neuronal progenitor cells><neuronal stem cells><neuroprogenitor><nerve stem cell><Molecular Computers><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Data><Apoptotic><Principal Investigator><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><optical imaging><optic imaging><virtual><Computer Assisted><computer aided><pathogen><Population><migration><innovation><innovate><innovative><daughter cell><biological research><vision science><visual science><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><quantitative imaging><Data Science><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><microscopic imaging><microscope imaging><microscopy imaging><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><analysis pipeline><automated analysis><confocal imaging><large datasets><large data sets><rapid testing>
261 <Award><Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Graduate Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><bases><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><college><collegiate><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Reproducibility><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Authorization documentation><Authorization><Permission><Development><developmental><forging><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><tribal university><tribal college><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><undergraduate education><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><faculty mentor><higher education><lab equipment><laboratory technology><laboratory equipment><Degree program><rural under served><rural underserved><Infrastructure><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience><community engagement><Latino Population><Latino group><Latino individual><Latino people><Latinos><Hispanic Populations><Hispanic group><Hispanic individual><Hispanic people><Hispanics><graduate school>
262 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><computer program><computer programming><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><MD students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Training and Education><Education and Training><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><drug development><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><computer aided><Computer Assisted><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><new drug treatments><new drugs><new pharmacological therapeutic><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel pharmaco-therapeutic><novel pharmacological therapeutic><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><allergen response><allergy response><allergic response><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Ph D student><Ph D. student><Ph. D. student><Ph.D student><Ph.D. student><PhD student><PhD. student><doctoral student><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><built environment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Articulation><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
263 <Complement Proteins><Research Personnel><Research Support><Biomedical Research><Research><Mentors><Education><Complement><Idaho><Educational aspects><Students><programs><Fostering><Collaborations><Investigators><Researchers>
264 <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Disadvantaged><Educational aspects><Education><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Salaries><Wages><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Seasons><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Development><developmental><novel strategies><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><STEM knowledge><STEM Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><laboratory technology><lab equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
265 <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><NIH><National Institutes of Health><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Proteins><Research><Investigators><Researchers><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><Running><Science><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><United States Department of Agriculture><US Department of Agriculture><USDA><Site><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optical imaging><optic imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><innovation><innovate><innovative><computing resources><computational resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><faculty mentor><laboratory experiment><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><Degree program><education research><equipment acquisition><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><online resource><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><bioinformatics resource><bio-informatics resource><Infrastructure><bioinformatics tool><bio-informatics tool><education resources><educational resources><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
266 <Academy><Adipose tissue><Fatty Tissue><adipose><white adipose tissue><yellow adipose tissue><Affect><Age><ages><Award><Bioenergetics><Biogenesis><Origin of Life><Breast Feeding><Breast fed><Breastfed><Breastfeeding><Diabetes Mellitus><diabetes><Environment><Foundations><Genes><Glucose Intolerance><Goals><Idaho><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><Infant><Insulin Resistance><insulin resistant><Investments><Laboratory Research><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Liver><hepatic body system><hepatic organ system><Maternal Health><Metabolic Diseases><Metabolic Disorder><Thesaurismosis><metabolism disorder><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Methods><Electron Microscopy><Milk><Mitochondria><mitochondrial><Mothers><Muscle><Muscle Tissue><muscular><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Parents><Pathology><Pediatrics><Physiology><Play><Poverty><Impoverished><Pregnancy><Gestation><Proteins><Public Health><Publications><Scientific Publication><Rattus><Common Rat Strains><Rat><Rats Mammals><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Respiration><respiratory mechanism><Risk><Role><social role><Rural Population><Science><Shotguns><shot gun><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tribes><Universities><Woman><Work><World Health Organization><Measures><Women's Health><Female Health><Gestational Diabetes><Gestational Diabetes Mellitus><Pregnancy-Induced Diabetes><pregnancy diabetes><Hispanics><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Rural Community><density><Label><improved><Clinical><Physiological><Physiologic><Infant Health><Link><Rural><diabetic><Oxidative Stress><Skeletal Muscle><Voluntary Muscle><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Native Americans><Cell Respiration><Cellular Respiration><aerobic metabolism><aerobic respiration><oxidative metabolism><Metabolic><Morphology><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><Techniques><Services><American><experience><Performance><success><RT-PCR><RTPCR><reverse transcriptase PCR><Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction><professor><Structure><graduate student><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><Proteomics><Adverse effects><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><Intervention><Mammary gland><disparity in health><health disparity><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Insulin Signaling Pathway><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><Pathway interactions><pathway><Underserved Population><under served group><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved people><next generation><Outcome><Population><Diabetic mother><innovation><innovate><innovative><Impairment><ethnic minority population><ethnic minority><mitochondrial dysfunction><maternal diabetes><therapy development><develop therapy><intervention development><treatment development><type I and type II diabetes><type 1 and type 2 diabetes><pregnant><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><infant morbidity/mortality><targeted treatment><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><maternal morbidity><student training><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><racial minority><experimental study><experiment><experimental research><milk production><produce milk><milk supply><milk volume><Insulin deficiency><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><mammary>
267 <Age><ages><Biology><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><CDC><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Communities><Disease Outbreaks><Outbreaks><Environment><Genome><Geography><Health><Health education><Health Instruction><Health Tutoring><Holidays><Hospitals><Idaho><Immunization><Immunologic Sensitization><Immunologic Stimulation><Immunological Sensitization><Immunological Stimulation><Immunostimulation><Influenza><Grippe><Laboratories><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Primary Care Physician><Public Health><Publishing><Research><Research Design><Study Type><study design><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Testing><Time><Travel><Universities><Viral Genome><virus genome><Work><Gender><Rural Community><Socioeconomic Status><Socio-economic status><socio-economic position><socioeconomic position><Journals><Magazine><Sequence Analysis><SEQ-AN><Sequence Analyses><base><improved><Clinical><Variant><Variation><Link><Rural><Policies><Mandatory Testing><Mandatory Screening><Funding><Collaborations><Deposit><Deposition><programs><Event><Protocol><Protocols documentation><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><age group><success><college student><university student><Genbank><Appearance><Position><Positioning Attribute><Sampling><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><data processing><computerized data processing><genome sequencing><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Resource Sharing><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><pandemic disease><pandemic><Health Professional><Health Care Professional><Healthcare professional><Metadata><meta data><Outcome><Population><Coupled><surveillance study><data sharing><Institutional Review Boards><IRB><IRBs><genome analysis><study population><rural underserved><rural under served><welfare><Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments><2019-nCoV><2019 novel corona virus><2019 novel coronavirus><COVID-19 virus><COVID19 virus><CoV-2><CoV2><SARS corona virus 2><SARS-CoV-2><SARS-CoV2><SARS-associated corona virus 2><SARS-associated coronavirus 2><SARS-coronavirus-2><SARS-related corona virus 2><SARS-related coronavirus 2><SARSCoV2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus 2><Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><Severe acute respiratory syndrome related corona virus 2><Wuhan coronavirus><coronavirus disease 2019 virus><hCoV19><nCoV2><bioinformatics infrastructure><bio-informatics infrastructure><viral genomics><virus genomics><infection rate><rate of infection><SARS-CoV-2 positive><COVID-19 positive><COVID-19 positivity><COVID19 positive><COVID19 positivity><SARS-CoV-2 positivity><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive><Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity><coronavirus disease 2019 positive><coronavirus disease 2019 positivity><COVID testing><coronavirus disease testing><coronavirus testing><COVID-19 testing><COVID19 testing><SARS-CoV-2 testing><coronavirus disease 2019 testing><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing><underserved area><under served area><under served geographic area><under served location><under served region><underserved geographic area><underserved location><underserved region><data repository><Data Banks><Databanks><data depository><SARS-CoV-2 transmission><COVID-19 transmission><COVID-19 virus transmission><coronavirus disease 2019 transmission><coronavirus disease 2019 virus transmission><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission><transmitted COVID-19><transmitted SARS-CoV-2><transmitted coronavirus disease 2019><transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2><SARS-CoV-2 variant><2019-nCoV variant><2019-nCoV variant forms><2019-nCoV variant strains><COVID-19 variant><COVID-19 variant forms><COVID-19 variant strains><SARS-CoV-2 variant forms><SARS-CoV-2 variant strains><coronavirus disease 2019 variant><coronavirus disease 2019 variant forms><coronavirus disease 2019 variant strains><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant forms><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant strains><SARS-CoV-2 genome><COVID-19 genome><COVID-19 virus genome><COVID19 genome><COVID19 virus genome><SARS-CoV2 genome><coronavirus disease 2019 genome><coronavirus disease 2019 virus genome><severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genome>
268 <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Hispanics><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Latino><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Development><developmental><novel strategies><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><tribal college><tribal university><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><faculty mentor><higher education><laboratory equipment><lab equipment><laboratory technology><Degree program><rural underserved><rural under served><Infrastructure><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><community engagement>
269 <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Savings><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><symposium><conference><convention><summit><symposia><conflict resolution><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><Outcome><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Teacher Professional Development><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate research><Degree Completion><Degree Attainment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Degree program><education research><Diverse Workforce><Workplace Diversity><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><recruit><Infrastructure><education resources><educational resources>
270 <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Running><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><Site><Area><Training><Educational workshop><Workshop><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Data Storage and Retrieval><data retrieval><data storage><Funding><Research Project Grants><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optical imaging><optic imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><innovation><innovate><innovative><computing resources><computational resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><transcriptome sequencing><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><faculty mentor><laboratory experiment><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><Degree program><education research><equipment acquisition><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><online resource><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><DNA sequencing><DNA seq><DNAseq><bioinformatics resource><bio-informatics resource><Infrastructure><bioinformatics tool><bio-informatics tool><education resources><educational resources><undergraduate research experience><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs>
271 <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Evaluation><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><public health relevance><undergraduate student>
272 <Biomedical Research><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><MD students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Training and Education><Education and Training><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Ph D student><Ph D. student><Ph. D. student><Ph.D student><Ph.D. student><PhD student><PhD. student><doctoral student><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><built environment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Articulation><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
273 <Abbreviations><Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><histories><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><Area><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><NIGMS><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexible><flexibility><Secure><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Underrepresented Students><under-served student><underserved students><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure><community engagement>
274 <Aging><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><computing hardware><Equipment><Faculty><Genome><Idaho><Investments><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Software Engineering><Computer Software Development><Computer Software Engineering><Universities><Technical Expertise><technical skills><improved><Site><Research Activity><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><Collaborations><programs><System><college><collegiate><Services><experience><High Performance Computing><high-end computing><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Funding Mechanisms><computational infrastructure><computer infrastructure><Secure><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><equipment acquisition><Data Science><deep learning><Infrastructure><Data Science Resource Core><Data Science Core>
275 <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Educational aspects><Education><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><improved><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><public health relevance><undergraduate student><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Workforce Development>
276 <Advertising><Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Evaluation><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate student>
277 <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Dedications><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Running><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Time><Universities><US Department of Agriculture><USDA><United States Department of Agriculture><improved><Site><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><college><collegiate><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><repository><depository><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolomics><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><Ph.D.><PhD><Qualifying><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Specialized Center><P50 Mechanism><P50 Program><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optic imaging><optical imaging><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><innovate><innovative><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><Secure><operations><operation><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptomic sequencing><transcriptome sequencing><Assessment instrument><Assessment tool><student training><faculty mentor><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><laboratory experiment><Degree program><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><equipment acquisition><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><online resource><DNA seq><DNAseq><DNA sequencing><bio-informatics resource><bioinformatics resource><Infrastructure><bio-informatics tool><bioinformatics tool><educational resources><education resources><genomic data resource><genomic resource><genomic sequencing resource><genome resource><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
278 <Affect><Astrocytes><Astrocytus><Astroglia><astrocytic glia><Award><Biological Assay><Assay><Bioassay><Biologic Assays><Biology><Biomedical Research><Blood><Blood Reticuloendothelial System><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Blood-Brain Barrier><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><bloodbrain barrier><Brain><Brain Nervous System><Encephalon><Brain Neoplasms><Brain Neoplasia><Brain Tumors><tumors in the brain><Calcium><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><Cell Membrane Permeability><membrane permeability><Cell physiology><Cell Function><Cell Process><Cellular Function><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Process><Subcellular Process><Cells><Cell Body><Analytical Chemistry><Analytic Chemistry><High Pressure Liquid Chromatography><HPLC><High Performance Liquid Chromatography><High Speed Liquid Chromatography><Environment><Epithelium><Epithelium Part><Feedback><Future><Gene Expression><Glioblastoma><Grade IV Astrocytic Neoplasm><Grade IV Astrocytic Tumor><Grade IV Astrocytoma><glioblastoma multiforme><spongioblastoma multiforme><Glioma><Glial Cell Tumors><Glial Neoplasm><Glial Tumor><Neuroglial Neoplasm><Neuroglial Tumor><glial-derived tumor><neuroglia neoplasm><neuroglia tumor><Glutamates><L-Glutamate><glutamatergic><Goals><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Laboratories><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Learning><Biological Models><Biologic Models><Model System><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Necrosis><Necrotic><Neurons><Nerve Cells><Nerve Unit><Neural Cell><Neurocyte><neuronal><Pathology><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Survival Rate><Talents><Testing><Time><Universities><Work><Glutamate Receptor><Measures><Brain Cancer><Malignant Tumor of the Brain><Malignant neoplasm of brain><Conditioned Medium><Conditioned Culture Media><injuries><Injury><base><improved><Site><Physiologic><Physiological><Epithelial><Endothelial Cells><Blood Serum><Serum><Hypoxic><Oxygen Deficiency><Hypoxia><Occluding Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Tight Junctions><Funding><Agonist><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><Co-culture><Cocultivation><Coculture><Coculture Techniques><Exposure to><Malignant Cell><cancer cell><Knowledge><programs><cell biology><Cellular biology><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><Tumor Cell><neoplastic cell><Receptor Protein><receptor><tumor growth><professor><Calcium Ion Signaling><Calcium Signaling><novel><Modeling><monolayer><Short interfering RNA><siRNA><Small Interfering RNA><Institution><Receptor Gene><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Supporting Cell><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Tumor-Derived><Molecular><developmental><Development><migration><Coupled><innovate><innovative><innovation><tumor><effective treatment><effective therapy><ratiometric><undergraduate><undergraduate student><student-led learning><student mentoring><Research Assistant><BBB permeabilization><BBB permeable><blood-brain barrier permeable><bloodbrain barrier permeabilization><bloodbrain barrier permeable><blood-brain barrier permeabilization>
279 <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Advisory Committees><Task Forces><advisory team><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Study><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovate><innovative><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexibility><flexible><Secure><undergraduate student><undergrad><undergraduate><underserved students><under-served student><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure><community engagement>
280 <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Savings><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><developmental><Development><under served population><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
281 <Award><Biomedical Research><Certification><Communication><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Disadvantaged><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Equipment><Faculty><Foundations><Geography><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industry><Investments><Mentors><Mining><Modernization><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Wages><Salaries><Schools><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Seasons><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Technology><Time><Universities><Work><Generations><Administrator><Businesses><Hispanic Populations><Latino Population><Spanish Origin><hispanic community><Hispanics><Latino><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Link><Evaluation><Training><Discipline><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Collaborations><Native Americans><Letters><Knowledge><programs><Source><Visit><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><experience><research facility><authority><document outlines><skills><novel><graduate student><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Biostatistics Core><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Reproducibility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><scientific accomplishments><scientific advances><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><developmental><Development><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><novel strategies><tribal university><tribal college><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><undergraduate><undergraduate student><faculty mentor><higher education><lab equipment><laboratory technology><laboratory equipment><Degree program><rural underserved><Infrastructure>
282 <Biomedical Research><Education><Educational aspects><Eligibility Determination><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Environment><Faculty><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Science><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Technology><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation><public health relevance><undergraduate><undergraduate student><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Workforce Development>
283 <Biomedical Research><Educational aspects><Education><Protocol Screening><Eligibility><Eligibility Determination><Environment><Faculty><Health><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Science><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Technology><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><improved><Training><Funding><Community Networks><Knowledge><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><success><biomedical scientist><expectation><graduate student><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Process><developmental><Development><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><public health relevance><undergraduate student><undergraduate><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Workforce Development>
284 <designing><design><Food Access><Outcome><Population><frontier><Prevalence><prospective><Consumption><innovate><innovative><innovation><depressed mother><maternal depression><perinatal health><demographics><intervention design><treatment design><therapy design><high risk><pregnant><perinatal depression><peripartum depression><education access><negative affectivity><negative affect><recruit><dietary guidelines><Child Health><perinatal phase><perinatal period><poor diet><Unhealthy Diet><perinatal women><rural under represented><rural underrepresented><under served community><underserved community><dietary><Affect><Anxiety><Attention><Award><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)><Centers for Disease Control><Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><United States Centers for Disease Control><United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention><Child><0-11 years old><Child Youth><Children (0-21)><kids><youngster><Choline><Cognition><Mental Depression><depression><Diet><diets><Disease><Disorder><Employment><Food><Future><Goals><Health><Household><Idaho><Income><Economic Income><Economical Income><incomes><Intervention Studies><intervention research><interventional research><interventional study><interventions research><Iodine><Lactation><lactating><lactational><Longevity><Length of Life><life span><lifespan><Marital Status><Memory><Mental Health><Mental Hygiene><Psychological Health><Methodology><Montana><Mothers><nutrition><Nutritional Requirements><nutrient requirement><Parents><parent><Patients><Physicians><Pregnancy><Gestation><Pregnant Women><expectant mother><expecting mother><pregnant mothers><Prenatal care><pregnancy care><prenatal appointment><prenatal checkup><prenatal visit><Public Health><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Risk><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Stress><Students><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Testing><Translating><United States><Vitamin B Complex><Neurobion><Vitamin B><Vitamin D><VIT D><Woman><Work><Wyoming><Measures><Women's Health><Female Health><US Department of Agriculture><USDA><United States Department of Agriculture><health care><Healthcare><post-partum><Postpartum Period><Specialist><Guidelines><Peripartum><Perinatal><improved><diet education><nutrition education><Acute><Chronic><Variation><Variant><psychological><psychologic><Neurological><Neurologic><Training><mental><Psyche structure><Individual><Rural><satisfaction><Personal awareness><Self image><Self view><self awareness><self knowledge><Self Perception><Sample Size><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Nutrition Interventions><Nutritional Interventions><diet intervention><Dietary Intervention><Education for Intervention><Instruction Intervention><Training Intervention><instructional intervention><Educational Intervention><tool><Knowledge><programs><cognitive function><Well in self><Emotional well being><Feels well><Normal mental condition><Normal mental state><Normal psyche><Psychological Well Being><Sense of well-being><emotional wellbeing><emotional wellness><mental well-being><mental wellbeing><mental wellness><psychological wellbeing><psychological wellness><self wellness><sense of wellbeing><Complex><Pattern><physical conditioning><physical health><fetal><behavior change><American><mother nutrition><Maternal Nutrition><Maternal diet><maternal nutrition during pregnancy><cohort><Nutrient><Study Subject><social><Intervention Trial><Interventional trial><Emotional><Intervention><Intervention Strategies><interventional strategy><executive function><executive control><reduce risk><reduce risks><reduce that risk><reduce the risk><reduce these risks><reduces risk><reduces the risk><reducing risk><reducing the risk><risk-reducing><Risk Reduction><Dietary intake><Low income><Administrative Supplement><Data><Dietary Practices><dietary pattern><Educational Materials><High Prevalence><Randomized><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Cognitive><Observational Study><Observation research><Observation study><Observational research><Nutritional><nutritious><Development><developmental><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population>
285 <absorption><Affect><Clinical Treatment Moab><mAbs><monoclonal Abs><Monoclonal Antibodies><Asthma><Bronchial Asthma><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Culture Techniques><cell culture><cell cultures><computer program><computer programming><Computer Simulation><Computer based Simulation><computational simulation><computerized simulation><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Couples><Atopic Dermatitis><Atopic Eczema><Atopic Neurodermatitis><Disseminated Neurodermatitis><allergic dermatitis><allergic eczema><Dinucleoside Phosphates><dinucleotide><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Drugs><Medication><Pharmaceutic Preparations><drug/agent><Environment><Future><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Hypersensitivity><Allergy><Hypoxanthines><Idaho><Intravenous infusion procedures><IV Infusion><intravenous infusion><Interleukin-4><B cell growth factor><B-Cell Differentiation Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-1><B-Cell Growth Factor-I><B-Cell Proliferating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor><B-Cell Stimulating Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulation Factor-1><B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-1><BCDF-1><BCGF><BCGF-1><BCSF 1><BSF-1><BSF1><Binetrakin><IL-4><IL4 Protein><Interleukin-4 Precursor><Lymphocyte Stimulatory Factor 1><MCGF-2><Mast Cell Growth Factor-2><T-Cell Growth Factor 2><Investments><Laboratories><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Learning><Libraries><Ligands><Metabolism><Intermediary Metabolism><Metabolic Processes><Molecular Biology><DNA Molecular Biology><mortality><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><Niacinamide><Vitamin B 3><Vitamin B3><Vitamin PP><3-Pyridinecarboxamide><Nicotinamide><Nicotinamidum><Nicotinic acid amide><Nicotylamide><Pellagra-Preventing Factor><Quality of life><QOL><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Specificity><Students><Talents><Testing><tissue culture><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Work><Immunology><career><biologic><Biological><IL-13><IL13><Interleukin-13><Training><excretion><Excretory function><Fostering><Funding><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Life><programs><Cellular biology><cell biology><Scientist><Complex><System><3-Dimensional><3-D><3D><three dimensional><experience><receptor><Receptor Protein><receptor binding><receptor bound><biomedical scientist><synergism><pharmacophore><Toxic effect><Toxicities><Free Energy><Structure><novel><graduate student><lung Carcinoma><Allergic><Modeling><drug development><Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship><QSAR><Quantitiative Structure Activity Relationship><drug discovery><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Neuraxis><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><Effectiveness><IL13RA1 gene><IL-13Ra><IL13RA1><Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha><Interleukin-13 Receptor Alpha 1><NR4><Address><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Data><Molecular Profiling><Molecular Fingerprinting><molecular profile><molecular signature><Mouse Cell Line><Receptor Signaling><Supporting Cell><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Ligand Binding><Malignant Epithelial Cell><Carcinoma Cell><Validation><validations><Molecular><Development><developmental><knockdown><knock-down><computer aided><Computer Assisted><designing><design><allergic airway epithelium inflammation><allergic airway inflammation><Outcome><Coupled><shRNA><short hairpin RNA><small hairpin RNA><human disease><new drug treatments><new drugs><new pharmacological therapeutic><new therapeutics><new therapy><next generation therapeutics><novel drug treatments><novel drugs><novel pharmaco-therapeutic><novel pharmacological therapeutic><novel therapy><novel therapeutics><murine model><mouse model><A549><candidate identification><drug candidate><allergen response><allergy response><allergic response><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><screenings><screening><targeted drug therapy><targeted drug treatments><targeted therapeutic><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapy><targeted treatment><Data Science><Infrastructure><in silico><Data Science Resource Core><Data Science Core><3-D visualization><3-dimensional visualization><3D visualization><three-dimensional visualization><undergraduate research opportunities><undergraduate research programs><undergraduate research experience>
286 <Biomedical Research><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Eligibility Determination><Eligibility><Protocol Screening><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><Persons><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Rejuvenation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><MD students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><post-doctoral trainee><research associates><community college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><Training and Education><Education and Training><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Qualifying><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><under served group><under served individual><under served people><under served population><underserved group><underserved individual><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergrad><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Ph D student><Ph D. student><Ph. D. student><Ph.D student><Ph.D. student><PhD student><PhD. student><doctoral student><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><built environment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Groups><under representation of groups><under represented groups><under represented people><under represented populations><underrepresentation of groups><underrepresented people><Underrepresented Populations><Articulation><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
287 <Aging><Allelomorphs><Alleles><Award><Broxuridine><Bromouracil Deoxyriboside><BrdU><BUdR><5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine><5-Budr><5-Bromouracil-2-deoxyriboside><5-Bromouracil deoxyriboside><5-Bromodeoxyuridine><5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine><5-BrdU><Bromodeoxyuridine><cell sorting><Cell Separation Technology><Cell Segregation><Cell Isolation><Cell Separation><Cells><Embryonic><Embryo><Eyeball><Eye><Gene Expression><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene-Tx><Gene Transfer Procedure><Gene Transfer Clinical><Gene Therapy Molecular Biology><DNA Therapy><gene therapy><Genes><Goals><Grant><Hedgehogs><Erinaceidae><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><lifespan><life span><Length of Life><Longevity><Maintenance><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><Pathology><Patients><Phenotype><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Research><Retina><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Technology><Testing><Time><transplant><Transplantation><trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Retinoic Acid><All-trans retinoic acid><ATRA><(All-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic Acid><Tretinoin><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Generations><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Molecular Genetics><Mediating><base><Acute><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><cone cell><Cones (Retina)><Cones (Eye)><Cone Photoreceptors><Cone><Retinal Cone><Evaluation><Visual><damage to retina><retinal damage><Gene Targeting><Funding><Replacement Therapy><Genetic><tool><Rods and Cones><Vertebrate Photoreceptors><Life><Hereditary><Inherited><Event><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><extracellular><mutant><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Prevention><Reporting><neurogenesis><Regulation><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><response><gene expression microarray><GeneChip><Gene Expression Chip><Gene Chips><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><hh signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling pathway><hedgehog signaling><Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway><smoothened signaling pathway><degenerative disease><degenerative condition><Degenerative Disorder><gene replacement therapy><Defect><in vivo><Collection><Molecular><developmental><Development><transcriptome><gene expression signature><gene expression pattern><Gene Expression Profile><age dependent><age related><Retinal><Population><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><retinal progenitor cell><2-dimensional><two-dimensional><loss of function><progenitor>
288 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><ophthalmopathy><eye disorder><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><Immersion Investigative Technique><Immersion><In Vitro><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><near vision><Nearsightedness><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Primates><Primates Mammals><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Diseases><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Retinoic Acid><ATRA><Vertebrates><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promoter><promotor><Injury><base><Series><cone cell><Cone Photoreceptors><Retinal Cone><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><analog><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><Stargardt-3><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt disease><STGD3 disease><STGD3><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Stargardt's disease><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Dimensions><Event><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><cell type><Pattern><receptor><Receptor Protein><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleost fish><teleostfish><teleostean fish><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><embryo stage 2><Blastomere><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><paralog><paralogous gene><human stem cells><Retinal><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><iPSCs><iPSC><iPS><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><regenerative><Cone><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><differential expression><global transcription profile><global gene expression><transcriptome><human model><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation>
289 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><eye disorder><ophthalmopathy><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><Nearsightedness><near vision><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Primates><Primates Mammals><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Regulatory Regions><genetic regulatory element><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><ATRA><Retinoic Acid><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Vitamin A Acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><trans-Retinoic Acid><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promotor><promoter><injuries><Injury><base><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><genetic manipulation><Series><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Retinal Cone><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age-Related Maculopathy><age related macular dystrophy><senile macular disease><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><analog><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><STGD3><STGD3 disease><Stargardt disease><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt-3><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt's disease><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Event><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleostean fish><teleostfish><teleost fish><Human X Chromosome><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><paralog><paralogous gene><human stem cells><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><regenerative><Cone><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><differential expression><global gene expression><global transcription profile><transcriptome><in vivo testing><in vivo evaluation><Immersion>
290 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><eye disorder><ophthalmopathy><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><Nearsightedness><near vision><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Photoreceptors><Primates Mammals><Primates><Public Health><Publishing><Regeneration><regenerate><Natural regeneration><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Regulatory Regions><genetic regulatory element><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Retina><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Degeneration><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Diseases><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinal Pigments><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoids><social role><Role><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Signal Transduction><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Thyroid Hormones><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><ATRA><Retinoic Acid><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Vitamin A Acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><trans-Retinoic Acid><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promoter><promotor><Injury><injuries><base><genetic manipulation><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><Series><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age-Related Maculopathy><age related macular dystrophy><senile macular disease><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><analog><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><STGD3><STGD3 disease><Stargardt disease><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt-3><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt's disease><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Functional disorder><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Event><Clinic><cell type><Pattern><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleost fish><teleostean fish><teleostfish><Human X Chromosome><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><paralogous gene><paralog><human stem cells><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><inducible pluripotent stem cell><vision science><visual science><regenerative><Cone><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><in vivo evaluation><in vivo testing><Immersion><cell replacement therapy><cell replacement treatment><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><differentiation protocol><translational applications>
291 <Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cells><Communities><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Embryonic><Embryo><gene therapy><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene-Tx><Gene Transfer Procedure><Gene Transfer Clinical><Gene Therapy Molecular Biology><DNA Therapy><Genes><Goals><Grant><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Patients><Phenotype><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Plastics><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions, Nucleic Acid (Genetics)><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Retina><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Degeneration><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinal Pigments><Tapetoretinal Degeneration><Rod-Cone Dystrophy><Pigmentary Retinopathy><Retinitis Pigmentosa><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoids><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Technology><Testing><Time><transplant><Transplantation><Treatment Schedule><Treatment Regimen><Treatment Protocols><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Rod-Opsin><Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Molecular Genetics><Mediating><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><in situ Hybridization Staining Method><in situ Hybridization Genetics><In Situ Hybridization><Injury><base><genetic manipulation><Label><Series><rod cell><retinal rods><Rods (Eye)><Rod Photoreceptors><Rod><Rods (Retina)><cone cell><Cones (Retina)><Cones (Eye)><Cone Photoreceptors><Retinal Cone><Lesion><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Age related macular degeneration><Measurement><Funding><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Genetic><Life><Event><Clinic><Protocol><Protocols documentation><cell type><Pattern><Techniques><visual loss><vision loss><Blindness><extracellular><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><transgenic><Transgenic Organisms><Reporting><sorting><Sorting - Cell Movement><Regulation><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><response><genetic resource><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><gene replacement therapy><small molecule><Retinoid Receptor><Tet><Tetanus Helper Peptide><in vivo><Molecular><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><stem cell differentiation><Retinal><retinal stem cell><retinal progenitor><retinal progenitor cell><loss of function><photoreceptor progenitor><progenitor><iPSC><iPS><induced pluripotent stem cell><visual science><vision science><retinal neuron><public health relevance><regenerative><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing><Cone>
292 <Affect><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Exons><Eye diseases><eye disorder><ophthalmopathy><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mammals><Mammalia><Methods><Myopia><Nearsightedness><near vision><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Photoreceptors><Photoreceptor Cell><Photosensitive Cell><Visual Receptor><Primates><Primates Mammals><Public Health><Publishing><Natural regeneration><Regeneration><regenerate><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Regulatory Regions><genetic regulatory element><Retina><Retinal Degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><retina degeneration><retinal degenerative><retinal degenerative diseases><Retinal Diseases><Retinal Disorder><retina disease><retina disorder><retinopathy><Retinal Pigments><Visual Pigments><retina photosensitive pigment><Retinoids><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Role><social role><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Thyroid Hormones><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Transplantation><transplant><Tretinoin><ATRA><Retinoic Acid><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Vitamin A Acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><trans-Retinoic Acid><Vertebrates><Vertebrate Animals><vertebrata><X Chromosome><Zebrafish><Brachydanio rerio><Danio rerio><Zebra Danio><Zebra Fish><Opsin><Rod-Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promoter><promotor><Injury><injuries><base><genetic manipulation><gene manipulation><genetically manipulate><genetically perturb><Series><Retinal Cone><Cone Photoreceptors><cone cell><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age related macular degeneration><Age-Related Maculopathy><age related macular dystrophy><senile macular disease><Measurement><analog><Stargardt's disease><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><STGD3><STGD3 disease><Stargardt disease><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt-3><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><fundus flavimaculatus><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Event><Clinic><cell type><Pattern><3-D><3D><three dimensional><3-Dimensional><Receptor Protein><receptor><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleostean fish><teleostfish><teleost fish><Human X Chromosome><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><paralogous gene><paralog><human stem cells><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPS><iPSC><iPSCs><vision science><visual science><regenerative><Cone><differential expression><differentially expressed><transcriptional differences><transcriptome><global gene expression><global transcription profile><in vivo evaluation><in vivo testing><Immersion><cell replacement therapy><regenerative approach><regenerative strategy><regenerative technique><differentiation protocol>
293 <Affect><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Disorder><Disease><Exons><ophthalmopathy><eye disorder><Eye diseases><Future><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Grant><Modern Man><Human><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><In Vitro><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Mammalia><Mammals><Methods><near vision><Nearsightedness><Myopia><Organoids><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Visual Receptor><Photosensitive Cell><Photoreceptor Cell><Photoreceptors><Primates Mammals><Primates><Public Health><Publishing><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><genetic regulatory element><Regulatory Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulator Regions><Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences><Retina><retinal degenerative diseases><retinal degenerative><retina degeneration><degenerative retina diseases><Retinal Degeneration><retinopathy><retina disorder><retina disease><Retinal Disorder><Retinal Diseases><retina photosensitive pigment><Visual Pigments><Retinal Pigments><Retinoic Acid and Derivatives><Retinoic Acid Agent><Retinoids><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Thyroid Gland Hormone><Thyroid Hormones><transplant><Transplantation><trans-Retinoic Acid><all-trans-Vitamin A acid><all-trans-Retinoic Acid><Vitamin A Acid><Tretinoinum><Trans Vitamin A Acid><Retinoic Acid><ATRA><Tretinoin><vertebrata><Vertebrate Animals><Vertebrates><X Chromosome><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Rod-Opsin><Opsin><Generations><Color Visions><Mediating><promotor><promoter><Injury><base><Series><Retinal Cone><cone cell><Cone Photoreceptors><Nuclear Receptors><Link><insight><Color blindness><Age related macular degeneration><senile macular disease><age related macular dystrophy><Age-Related Maculopathy><Measurement><analog><Stargardt's disease><fundus flavimaculatus><Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy><Stargardt-3><Stargardt syndrome><Stargardt macular dystrophy><Stargardt disease><STGD3 disease><STGD3><Juvenile onset macular degeneration><Familial juvenile macular degeneration syndrome><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Replacement Therapy><Collaborations><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Dimensions><Event><Clinic><Protocols documentation><Protocol><cell type><Pattern><3-Dimensional><3D><3-D><receptor><Receptor Protein><retinal regeneration><novel><sensory system><Regulation><Modeling><Sampling><response><genetic resource><teleost fish><teleostfish><teleostean fish><Chromosomes, Human, X><Regenerative Medicine><Blastomere><embryo stage 2><small molecule><Defect><Data><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Signaling Molecule><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><paralogous gene><paralog><human stem cells><Retinal><Population><Heritability><loss of function><gain of function><progenitor><induced pluripotent stem cell><iPSCs><iPSC><iPS><vision science><visual science><regenerative><Cone><differential expression><transcriptional differences><differentially expressed><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><human model><in vivo evaluation><in vivo testing>
294 <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Program Development><recruit><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><Pump><improved><Phase><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Machine Learning><Dependence><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Services><data management><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><molecular modeling><simulation><Social Support System><Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><datamining><data mining><Data><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><computational infrastructure><computer infrastructure><flexible><flexibility><operation><Systems Development>
295 <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Program Development><recruit><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><improved><Phase><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Machine Learning><Dependence><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Services><data management><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><molecular modeling><simulation><Social Support System><Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><datamining><data mining><Data><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><computer algorithm><Computational algorithm><computational infrastructure><computer infrastructure><flexible><flexibility><operation><Systems Development>
296 <United States National Institutes of Health><Computer software><Weaning><Universities><Businesses><Investments><Equipment><Institutes><Idaho><Award><Future><Research Personnel><Evolution><Resources><Mission><Feedback><Fees><Molecular Models><Program Development><Recruitment Activity><Research><Biomedical Research><Bioinformatics><simulation><Dependence><Modeling><System><Genomics><molecular modeling><Support System><Research Project Grants><Machine Learning><Development><Fee-for-Service Plans><computing resources><Funding><Services><data management><innovation><Pump><Phase><improved><computer infrastructure><flexibility><operation><Systems Development><Computational algorithm><Data><Process><Centers of Research Excellence><data mining><Investigators><Researchers><Research Resources><NIH><National Institutes of Health><recruit><Software><computer program/software><kernel methods><statistical learning><support vector machine><LOINC Axis 4 System><Fees for Service><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><computational infrastructure><flexible><Social Support System><developmental><innovate><innovative><computational resources><computer algorithm><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><datamining><Bio-Informatics>
297 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Solutions><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation>
298 <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotechnology><Faculty><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Industry><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Work><Writing><Generations><conference><symposium><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><career><Series><Training><Rural><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home><Home environment><interest><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><Performance><science education><college student><university student><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Public><General Population><Research Ethics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underserved minority><under-represented minority><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate research>
299 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Environment><Faculty><Feedback><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Mentors><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Role><social role><Running><Surveys><Survey Instrument><Universities><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><Area><Phase><Series><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Data Bases><data base><Databases><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><programs><Complex><System><meetings><collegiate><college><experience><success><Participant><peer><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><career development><Monitor><Principal Investigator><Holly><work group><working group><website><web site><next generation><early-career faculty><faculty mentor><recruit><data literacy>
300 <Antibiotics><Antibiotic Agents><Antibiotic Drugs><Miscellaneous Antibiotic><Attention><Communities><Disease><Disorder><Environment><Foundations><Population Genetics><Goals><Health><Health Promotion><Salutogenesis><promoting health><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Irritable Bowel Syndrome><Irritable Colon><Mucous Colitis><spastic colon><Mathematics><Math><Methods><Methodology><Modernization><Population Dynamics><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Risk><Time><Toxin><Translating><Work><Clostridium difficile><C diff><C difficile><C. diff><C. difficile><Clostridioides difficile><Measures><Mediating><base><repair><repaired><Phase><Biological><Series><Individual><α-Toxin><alpha Toxin><tool><Complex><interest><microbial interaction><microorganism interaction><microbial><trait><novel><member><Statistical Methods><Modeling><Property><theories><Math Models><mathematic model><mathematical modeling><mathematical model><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Data><developmental><Development><microbiome><human-associated microbiome><Human Microbiome><designing><design><resilience><Outcome><pathogen><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><resistant><Resistance><community microbes><microbial community><Microbe><clinical relevance><clinically relevant><high risk><vaginal biome><vaginal microbiome><Microbiomics><microbiome science><microbiome studies><microbiome research><data processing pipeline><data analysis pipeline>
301 <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Data Analyses><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Escherichia coli><E. coli><E coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stains><Staining method><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Yersinia pestis><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Y pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><college><collegiate><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Positioning Attribute><Position><IACUC><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><International><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Collection><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate><undergraduate student><student training><formative evaluation><formative assessment><Workforce Development>
302 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><recruit><active recruitment><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Stress><Universities><Interdisciplinary Communication><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><senior faculty><full professor>
303 <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Mission><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Software><Computer software><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Data Set><Dataset><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><Services><Training and Education><data management><science education><high-end computing><High Performance Computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment>
304 <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Biological Preservation><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Production><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Rodent><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Facilities Construction Grants><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><murine model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student><undergraduate><training opportunity>
305 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Disorder><Disease><Educational aspects><Education><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><college><collegiate><Services><success><models and simulation><model-based simulation><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><metabolomics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><next generation sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging>
306 <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Developing Countries><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Human><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligands><Mentors><Genetic Polymorphism><polymorphism><Publishing><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Societies><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><matrix Gla protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Calcified><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Individual><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><protein expression><prevent><preventing><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><protein function><mineralization><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
307 <Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><arthropathies><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><Joint Instability><Joints><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligaments><Articular ligaments><joint ligament><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><Musculoskeletal Diseases><musculoskeletal disorder><Degenerative polyarthritis><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><Mechanics><mechanical><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Dimensions><restoration><Inferior><Visit><Cell Proliferation><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><viscoelasticity><Speed><Structure><simulation><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><functional restoration><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><Formulation><mechanotransduction><mechanosensing><mechanical properties><Modulus><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
308 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cells><Cell Body><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Disease><Disorder><Engineering><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Pain><Painful><Peer Review><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Records><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Training and Infrastructure><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><Teacher Professional Development><tissue repair><undergraduate><undergraduate student><tenure process><tenure track><materials science><recruit>
309 <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><Atherosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Biology><Biomedical Research><Blood Vessels><vascular><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><Developing Countries><Under-Developed Nations><Under-Developed Countries><Third-World Nations><Third-World Countries><Less-Developed Nations><Less-Developed Countries><Developing Nations><Disease><Disorder><Elasticity><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Homeostasis><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Human><Modern Man><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligands><Mentors><Genetic Polymorphism><polymorphism><Publishing><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Societies><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Genetic Transcription><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix Gla protein><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch protein><notch receptors><notch><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><Calcified><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Individual><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><protein expression><prevent><preventing><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><protein function><mineralization><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
310 <Algorithms><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Research><Clinical Trials><Collagen><Computing Methodologies><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Disease><Disorder><Elements><Engineering><Environment><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><arthropathies><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><Joint Instability><Joints><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Ligaments><Articular ligaments><joint ligament><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><Musculoskeletal Diseases><musculoskeletal disorder><Degenerative polyarthritis><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><repair><repaired><Histologically><Histologic><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><Mechanics><mechanical><ligament injury><ligament damage><damage to ligament><Dimensions><restoration><Inferior><Visit><Cell Proliferation><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><viscoelasticity><Speed><Structure><simulation><Modeling><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><functional restoration><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><therapy development><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><targeted treatment><Formulation><mechanosensing><mechanotransduction><mechanical properties><Modulus><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><societal costs>
311 <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotechnology><Biotech><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><Face><facial><faces><Faculty><Goals><Health><Human><Modern Man><Language><Methodology><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Social Environment><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Time><Vision><visual function><Sight><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Nature><Complex><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><interest><Visit><meetings><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Services><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovative><innovate><innovation><biological research><coinfection><co-infection><Formulation>
312 <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Wages><Salaries><Technology><Time><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><organizational structure><Organization Charts><Positioning Attribute><Position><Regulation><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation><formative assessment><formative evaluation>
313 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Technology><Universities><Generations><technical skills><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Reporting><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Single Base Polymorphism><Polymorphism Analysis><Polymorphism Detection><Sampling><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Data><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Sanger Sequencing><Education and Outreach><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><genomic data>
314 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Running><Stress><Universities><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Interdisciplinary Communication><Measures><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><senior faculty><full professor>
315 <Affect><Cause of Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cell Body><Cells><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><statistical analysis><Statistical Data Analysis><Statistical Data Analyses><Statistical Data Interpretation><Disorder><Disease><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Human><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><In Vitro><Infection><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lung><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung diseases><lung disorder><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Organism><living system><Pathology><Patients><Research><Respiratory System><respiratory tract><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Testing><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Respiratory Tracts><Respiratory tract structure><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load result><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Event><Lower respiratory tract structure><lower respiratory tract><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><pathogen><Population><mouse model><murine model><mathematical analysis><mathematics analysis><math analysis><pediatric patients><child patients><co-infection><coinfection><diagnostic assay><transcriptome><outcome prediction><predictors of outcomes><predictive outcomes><molecular diagnostics><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
316 <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation><formative assessment><formative evaluation>
317 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><technical skills><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovation><innovative><innovate><genomic data>
318 <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atherosclerotic disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligands><Mentors><polymorphism><Genetic Polymorphism><Publishing><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Societies><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix Gla protein><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch protein><notch receptors><notch><Mediating><Transcriptional Activation><Transcription Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><protein expression><preventing><prevent><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><protein function><mineralization>
319 <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><climatic><Meteorological Climate><Climate><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Educational aspects><Education><Medical Education><Environment><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><intern><Internships><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Savings><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><medical school students><Medical Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><visual function><Sight><Vision><Businesses><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><conflict resolution><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><science education><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Positioning Attribute><Position><Committee Members><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Address><International><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Monitor><Process><Modification><Development><developmental><Underserved Population><underserved people><under served population><Outcome><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><STEM knowledge><STEM Education><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><undergraduate research><Degree Completion><Degree Attainment><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative assessment><formative evaluation><higher education><Degree program><education research><Diverse Workforce><Workplace Diversity><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><recruit><Infrastructure><education resources><educational resources>
320 <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><balance function><balance><Equilibrium><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Investments><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Mentors><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Scientific Publication><Publications><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><NIGMS><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><Development><developmental><Outcome><Population><innovation><innovative><innovate><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexibility><flexible><Secure><undergraduate student><undergraduate><Underrepresented Students><Underserved Students><under-served student><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure>
321 <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Educational aspects><Education><Medical Education><E. coli><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Stains><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Y pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Yersinia pestis><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><Staining method><Stainings><college><collegiate><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Positioning Attribute><Position><IACUC><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><International><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Collection><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><undergraduate student><undergraduate><student training><formative assessment><formative evaluation><Workforce Development>
322 <Affect><Behavior><Biological Factors><Biologic Factor><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><computing method><computer methods><computer based method><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><healthcare policy><health care policy><Health Policy><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Infection><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Influenza><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probability><Public Health><isolation/quarantine><Quarantine><Recommendation><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Respiratory Infections><Respiratory Tract Infections><Schools><Sleep><Vaccination><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Social Network><base><improved><Specific qualifier value><Specified><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamics><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Predisposition><Susceptibility><insight><Individual><Bayesian Analysis><Bayesian statistics><Bayesian statistical inference><Bayesian statistical analysis><Bayesian spatial analysis><Bayesian network analysis><Bayesian inference><Bayesian computation><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home environment><Home><Source><Pattern><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><social><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Institution><Data><Computational Technique><Vaccinated><transmission process><Transmission><Characteristics><Process><computerized tools><computational tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexibility><flexible><co-infection><coinfection><behavioral response><behavior response><human pathogen>
323 <Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Patient Care Delivery><Patient Care><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Health><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><Reagent><Records><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Talents><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><tool><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><experience><success><research facility><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Institution><Address><Research Infrastructure><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Training and Infrastructure><Development><developmental><design><designing><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science><recruit><Infrastructure>
324 <Adhesions><Adhesives><Basement membrane><Biology><Blood - brain barrier anatomy><Hemato-Encephalic Barrier><Blood-Brain Barrier><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Disorder><Disease><Downregulation><Down-Regulation><autoimmune encephalomyelitis><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis><Experimental Allergic Encephalitis><EAE><Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis><Endothelium><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Followup Studies><Follow-Up Studies><genomic therapy><genetic therapy><gene-based therapy><Genetic Intervention><Gene Transfer Clinical><DNA Therapy><gene therapy><Genes><Goals><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><In Vitro><Inflammation><Integrins Extracellular Matrix><Integrins><Laboratories><Leucine><Maintenance><insular sclerosis><Disseminated Sclerosis><Multiple Sclerosis><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Permeability><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Proteins><Proteoglycan><Research><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><social role><Role><Running><seal><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><cerebrovascular accident><cerebral vascular accident><brain attack><Cerebrovascular Stroke><Cerebrovascular Apoplexy><Cerebral Stroke><Brain Vascular Accident><Apoplexy><Stroke><Testing><Translating><United States><Upregulation><Up-Regulation><Work><proteoglycan S1><proteoglycan I><bone proteoglycan I><PG-S1><Bgn protein><biglycan><decorin><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><Encephalopathies><Experimental Models><Mediating><Dataset><Data Set><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><Injury><base><Phase><Physiological><Physiologic><Knockout Mice><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain><Metastatic Tumor to the Brain><Metastatic Neoplasm to the Brain><Brain Metastasis><Endothelial Cells><insight><Tight Junctions><Zonula Occludens><Occluding Junctions><Inflammation Mediators><inflammatory mediator><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Liquid substance><liquid><fluid><Attenuated><Inflammatory><tool><Knowledge><integrin-linked kinase><Cellular biology><cell biology><Complex><Source><Dementia><Amentia><autocrine><Autocrine Systems><Protein Isoforms><Isoforms><solute><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><novel><Reporting><AKT2 gene><rac-PK beta protein><rac-PK beta><RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine Kinase><RAC-Beta Protein Kinase><RAC-BETA><Protein Kinase B Beta><PRKBB><PKBbeta><Akt-beta protein><AKT2 protein kinase><AKT2 Kinase><AKT2><Regulation><Property><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Neuraxis><Central Nervous System><CNS Nervous System><Pathogenicity><preventing><prevent><FOXO1A gene><Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma><Forkhead Box O1A><FOXO1A><FOXO1><FKHR><Data><Molecular Analysis><Tetanus Helper Peptide><Tet><in vivo><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Gene Transfer><Knock-in Mouse><knockin mice><KI mice><Molecular><Development><developmental><cost><neuroinflammation><neuroinflammatory><design><designing><Outcome><innovation><innovative><innovate><Impairment><small hairpin RNA><short hairpin RNA><shRNA><mouse model><murine model><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><Traumatic injury><brain endothelial cell><cerebral vascular endothelial cell><cerebral microvascular endothelial cell><cerebral endothelial cell><brain vascular endothelial cell><brain microvascular endothelial cell><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
325 <Affect><Attention><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Brain><Encephalon><Brain Nervous System><cell culture><Cell Culture Techniques><plasmalemma><Plasma Membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Cell membrane><Subcellular Process><Cellular Process><Cellular Physiology><Cellular Function><Cell Process><Cell Function><Cell physiology><Cell Body><Cells><Uterine Cervix Cancer><Malignant Uterine Cervix Tumor><Malignant Uterine Cervix Neoplasm><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix Uteri><Malignant Tumor of the Cervix><Malignant Neoplasm of the Cervix><Malignant Cervical Tumor><Malignant Cervical Neoplasm><Cervix Cancer><Cervical Cancer><Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri><Disorder><Disease><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Foundations><Goals><Hyaluronic Acid><body movement><Movement><genome mutation><Genetic defect><Genetic Change><Genetic Alteration><Mutation><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><neuronal degeneration><neurological degeneration><neurodegenerative><neurodegeneration><neural degeneration><Neuron Degeneration><Nerve Degeneration><Organelles><Primary Parkinsonism><Parkinsons disease><Parkinson's disease><Parkinson's><Parkinson><Paralysis Agitans><Parkinson Disease><Pharmacology><Phenotype><Physiology><Proteins><Repression><Research><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Substantia Nigra><Substantia nigra structure><Testing><Work><extracellular matrix receptor><ECM receptor><Mediating><Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt><related to A and C-protein><rac protein kinase><proto-oncogene protein akt><proto-oncogene protein RAC><c-akt protein><RAC-PK protein><Protein Kinase B><Akt protein><AKT><base><macromolecule><improved><Area><Clinical><Phase><Link><Predisposition><Susceptibility><motor disorder><motor dysfunction><motor disease><insight><Confocal Microscopy><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><alpha synuclein><α-synuclein><α-syn><non A4 component of amyloid precursor><non A-beta component of AD amyloid><alphaSP22><a-synuclein><a-syn><SNCA protein><SNCA><PARK4 protein><PARK1 protein><NAC precursor><Therapeutic><Genetic><Knowledge><Investigation><Complex><System><Neurodegenerative Disorders><neurodegenerative illness><degenerative neurological diseases><degenerative diseases of motor and sensory neurons><Neurologic Degenerative Conditions><Neurodegenerative Diseases><Neural degenerative Disorders><Neural Degenerative Diseases><Nervous System Degenerative Diseases><Degenerative Neurologic Disorders><Degenerative Neurologic Diseases><experience><mutant><receptor><Receptor Protein><neuron loss><neuronal loss><neuronal death><neuronal cell loss><neuronal cell death><neuron death><neuron cell loss><neuron cell death><nerve cell loss><nerve cell death><trafficking><Reporting><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Positioning Attribute><Position><dopaminergic neuron><Dopamine neuron><DA Neuron><Modeling><protein complex><CD44 gene><Pgp1><MDU3><CD44><FRAP1 gene><mammalian target of rapamycin><mTOR><RAFT1><Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin><FRAP2><FRAP1><FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein 1><FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1><Address><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Pre-Clinical Model><Preclinical Models><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Characteristics><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><Pathway interactions><pathway><protein aggregation><Outcome><Cancer cell line><Cell model><Cellular model><protein aggregate><insoluble aggregate><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><disease-causing mutation><combat><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><symptom treatment><treat symptom><symptomatic treatment><motor symptom>
326 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Solutions><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation>
327 <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotechnology><Faculty><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Industry><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Work><Writing><Generations><conference><symposium><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><career><Series><Training><Rural><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home><Home environment><interest><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><Performance><science education><college student><university student><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Public><General Population><Research Ethics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underserved minority><under-represented minority><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate research>
328 <Arteries><Arteriosclerosis><atherosclerotic vascular disease><atheromatosis><Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease><Atheroscleroses><Atherosclerosis><Biology><Biomedical Research><vascular><Blood Vessels><cardiovascular disorder><Cardiovascular Diseases><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elasticity><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Feedback><Future><Goals><Health><Physiological Homeostasis><Autoregulation><Homeostasis><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligands><Mentors><polymorphism><Polymorphism (Genetics)><Genetic Polymorphism><Publishing><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Societies><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Transcription><RNA Expression><Gene Transcription><Genetic Transcription><Work><Bone Morphogenetic Proteins><matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein><matrix Gla protein><Extracellular Matrix Proteins><notch receptors><notch><notch protein><Mediating><Transcription Activation><Transcriptional Activation><calcification><base><literature survey><improved><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Funding><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Developed Nation><Developed Country><Developed Countries><angiogenesis><Vascular calcification><Investigation><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Smooth Muscle Tissue Cell><Smooth Muscle Cells><Leiomyocyte><Smooth Muscle Myocytes><protein expression><preventing><prevent><Data><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><Process><protein function><mineralization>
329 <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Histology><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Kidney><Lactation><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Technical Expertise><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><skeletal><cancer risk><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><Sampling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><LBUL><Lobule><mammary><Human Mammary Glands><Mammary gland><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Mammary Tumorigenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
330 <Accounting><Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><clinical investigation><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><Joint Instability><Articulation><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><joint ligament><Articular ligaments><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><Healed><repair><repaired><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><mechanical><Mechanics><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><restoration><Formulation><Drug Formulations><Inferior><Visit><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><Speed><Speed (motion)><Structure><simulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><LOINC Axis 2 Property><Property><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><functional restoration><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><therapy development><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair>
331 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Disorder><Disease><Educational aspects><Education><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><sq. ft><square foot><success><model-based simulation><models and simulation><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><N.I.H. Research Support><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><operation><next generation sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><materials science><training opportunity><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging>
332 <Accounting><Algorithms><Biology><biomechanical><Biomechanics><Biomedical Research><Clinical Trials><Collagen><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Disorder><Disease><Elements><Engineering><Environment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitals><Incidence><joint disorder><arthropathy><arthropathic><Joint Diseases><arthropathies><Joint Instability><Articulation><Joints><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Ligaments><joint ligament><Articular ligaments><Manuals><Mentors><Methods><musculoskeletal disorder><Musculoskeletal Diseases><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Proposals><Signal Pathway><Technology><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><United States><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Measures><Injury><base><density><human subject><improved><Chronic><Clinical><Healed><repair><repaired><soft tissue><Collagen Fiber><Fiber><Stimulus><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><tool><Nature><mechanical><Mechanics><ligament damage><damage to ligament><ligament injury><restoration><Inferior><Visit><Cellular Proliferation><Cell Multiplication><Cell Growth in Number><Cell Proliferation><Speed><Structure><simulation><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Modeling><Property><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Intervention><Regenerative Medicine><Mechanical Stimulation><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Validation><Process><developmental><Development><cost><healing><computational framework><computer framework><designing><design><Outcome><stem><functional restoration><restore lost function><restore functionality><restore function><therapy development><treatment development><intervention development><develop therapy><mechanical behavior><treatment strategy><tissue repair><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><Formulation>
333 <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cell Body><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Closure by Ligation><Ligation><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Liver diseases><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Physiological Processes><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Testing><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><promoter><promotor><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><chronic liver disease><Investigation><System><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><recombinase-mediated cassette exchange><Cre recombinase/LoxP technology><Cre lox system><Cre lox recombination system><Cre LoxP system><Cre Lox technology>
334 <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breastfed><Breast fed><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><Disorder><Disease><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><Kidney><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Lactation><lactational><lactating><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Nulliparity><Nulliparous><Nulliparas><Pancreas><Pancreatic><Pathology><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Risk><Role><social role><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><parathyroid hormone-related protein><technical skills><Technical Expertise><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><System><skeletal><cancer risk><Gene Proteins><Protein Gene Products><Modeling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><Lobule><LBUL><Mammary gland><mammary><Signaling Protein><Signaling Pathway Gene><Signaling Factor Proto-Oncogene><Address><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Mammary Tumorigenesis><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><histological specimens><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples><Growth Factor><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><inflammatory milieu><inflammatory environment><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
335 <Biomedical Research><Communities><Consultations><Contract Services><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Equipment><Evolution><Fees><Genotype><Idaho><Methods><Scientific Publication><Publications><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Solutions><Technology><Universities><Generations><Technical Expertise><analytical method><base><Phase><Ensure><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Knowledge><Services><holistic approach><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Reporting><Single Base Polymorphism><Single Nucleotide Polymorphism><Polymorphism Detection><Polymorphism Analysis><Sampling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Data><Sanger Sequencing><Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing><Tutoring and Outreach><Training and Outreach><Instruction and Outreach><Education and Outreach><Sum><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><Preparation><Molecular><Process><pyrosequencing><cost><next generation><innovative><innovate><innovation>
336 <Affect><Behavior><Biologic Factor><Biological Factors><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Infection><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Influenza><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><Methods><Probability><Public Health><Public Policy><isolation/quarantine><Quarantine><Recommendation><Research><study design><Study Type><Research Design><Respiratory Infections><Respiratory Tract Infections><Schools><Sleep><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Vaccination><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home><Home environment><Source><Pattern><Techniques><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><sorting><Sorting - Cell Movement><social><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><behavioral influence><behavior influence><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Institution><Data><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexibility><flexible><co-infection><coinfection><behavioral response><behavior response><HIV/TB><HIV/Mtb>
337 <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Educational aspects><Education><Medical Education><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Yersinia pestis><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><IACUC><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Research Training><Collection><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><undergraduate student><formative assessment><formative evaluation><Workforce Development>
338 <Accounting><Affect><Cause of Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cell Body><Cells><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><statistical analysis><Statistical Data Analysis><Statistical Data Analyses><Statistical Data Interpretation><Disorder><Disease><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><In Vitro><Infection><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung><lung disorder><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Lung diseases><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><mortality><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><living system><Organism><Pathology><Patients><Research><respiratory tract><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Respiratory System><Testing><Time><Variation (Genetics)><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Respiratory Tracts><Respiratory tract structure><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Viral Load result><Immune><Complex><Event><lower respiratory tract><Lower respiratory tract structure><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><pathogen><Population><mouse model><murine model><pediatric patients><child patients><co-infection><coinfection><diagnostic assay><transcriptome><molecular diagnostics>
339 <Affect><Cause of Death><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cell Body><Cells><Clinical Study><Clinical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><statistical analysis><Statistical Data Analysis><Statistical Data Analyses><Statistical Data Interpretation><Disorder><Disease><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Hospital Admission><Hospitalization><Modern Man><Human><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><Immune system><In Vitro><Infection><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung><lung disorder><disorder of the lung><disease of the lung><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Lung diseases><Methods><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><mortality><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><living system><Organism><Pathology><Patients><Research><Respiratory tract structure><Respiratory Tracts><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Respiratory System><Testing><Genetic Diversity><Genetic Variation><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><Childhood><pediatric><Individual><Recovery><Biological Process><Biological Function><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load result><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Event><Lower respiratory tract structure><lower respiratory tract><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><Population><mouse model><murine model><mathematical analysis><mathematics analysis><math analysis><pediatric patients><child patients><co-infection><coinfection><diagnostic assay><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><outcome prediction><predictors of outcomes><predictive outcomes><molecular diagnostics><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><pathogenic virus><viral pathogen>
340 <Biomedical Research><Biology><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Infrastructure><COBRE><hepatic fibrosis><Animal Models and Related Studies><model organism><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><damage to ligament><ligament damage><Prevention><career development><calcification><base><Functional disorder><Dysfunction><Physiopathology><pathophysiology><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Liver Fibrosis><Animal Model><Interdisciplinary Study><ligament injury><skills><pilot study><programs><member><Individual><Scientist><Metastasis><Metastasize><Metastatic Lesion><Metastatic Mass><Metastatic Neoplasm><Metastatic Tumor><Secondary Neoplasm><Secondary Tumor><cancer metastasis><tumor cell metastasis><Body Tissues><Sight><visual function><new approaches><novel approaches><novel strategy><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Centers of Research Excellence><Regeneration><regenerate><Investigators><Researchers><ECM><novel strategies><Molecular><Cell Body><Research Infrastructure><tissue repair><Address><Cardio-vascular><Cardiovascular><Cardiovascular Body System><Cardiovascular Organ System><Heart Vascular><circulatory system><instrumentation><disease diagnosis><Natural regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Research Support><Extracellular Matrix><Pilot Projects><Health><Goals><Reagent><Vision><Productivity><Environment><Names><Neoplasm Metastasis><Universities><Cells><Tissues><Cardiovascular system><Laboratories>
341 <Animals><Antibodies><Award><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cell Line><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Engineering><Equipment><Floor><Freezing><Goals><Grant><Idaho><Inventory><Equipment and supply inventories><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Plants><Plumbing><Productivity><Proteins><Scientific Publication><Publications><Recombinant Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Resources><Resources><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Time><Universities><Work><base><improved><Physiological><Physiologic><Research Peer Review><Databases><data base><Data Bases><Policies><Funding><Collaborations><Letters><Genetic><Specimen><Research Specimen><Bioreactors><Catalogs><programs><Location><meetings><college><collegiate><laboratory facility><research facility><graduate student><Human Cell Line><Sampling><Proteomics><Genomics><facility renovation><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Effectiveness><Core Facility><Data><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Molecular><Process><web site><website><Outcome><cell behavior><cellular behavior><biobank><biorepository><operation><undergraduate student><undergraduate><summer research><training opportunity><bioprinting><bio-printing><DNA sequencing><DNAseq><DNA seq><Infrastructure>
342 <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Program Development><recruit><active recruitment><Recruitment Activity><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><Software><Computer software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><Pump><improved><Phase><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Machine Learning><Dependence><System><Services><data management><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><molecular modeling><simulation><Social Support System><Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><datamining><data mining><Data><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><computing resources><computational resources><Computational algorithm><computer algorithm><computer infrastructure><computational infrastructure><flexibility><flexible><operation><Systems Development><equipment acquisition><instrument purchase><instrument procurement><instrument investment><instrument acquisition><equipment purchasing><equipment purchase><equipment procurement><equipment investment><equipment acquirement>
343 <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement><Complement Proteins><Educational Curriculum><lesson plans><Curriculum><Economic Development><Economical Development><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><Life Cycle Stages><life course><Life Cycle><Mentors><Mission><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Online Systems><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Computer software><Software><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Data Set><Dataset><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data base><Data Bases><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><science education><High Performance Computing><high-end computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Gene Expression Profiling><transcriptional profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><Assessment instrument><Assessment tool><student training><curriculum expansion><curricular enrichment><curriculum enhancement><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><laboratory experiment>
344 <Animal Experimentation><Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Seeds><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><Teacher Professional Development><undergraduate><undergraduate student><student training><teacher recruitment><recruit teachers><Faculty Recruitment><faculty research><sabbatical><training opportunity>
345 <Animal Experimentation><Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Production><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Rodent><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Facilities Construction Grants><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><murine model><mouse model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate><undergraduate student><training opportunity><healthcare delivery model><care delivery model><Service model><Service delivery model><preservation>
346 <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biometrics><Biostatistics><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Environment><Faculty><Flow Cytometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Microfluorometry><flow cytophotometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><Life Cycle Stages><Life Cycle><life course><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Proteins><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Running><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><Site><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><data retrieval><data storage><Data Storage and Retrieval><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><computer biology><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><collegiate><college><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><Services><Education and Training><Training and Education><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><Proteomics><depository><repository><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabolism measurement><metabonomics><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Molecular><developmental><Development><imaging><Image><website><web site><optic imaging><optical imaging><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><innovate><innovative><innovation><computational resources><computing resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><RNA Seq><RNA sequencing><RNAseq><transcriptome sequencing><Assessment instrument><Assessment tool><student training><faculty mentor><lab assignment><lab experiment><laboratory activity><laboratory assignment><laboratory exercise><laboratory experiment><Degree program><education research><equipment acquirement><equipment investment><equipment procurement><equipment purchase><equipment purchasing><instrument acquisition><instrument investment><instrument procurement><instrument purchase><equipment acquisition><internet resource><on-line compendium><on-line resource><online compendium><web resource><web-based resource><online resource><DNA seq><DNAseq><DNA sequencing><bio-informatics resource><bioinformatics resource><Infrastructure><bio-informatics tool><bioinformatics tool><educational resources><education resources>
347 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cells><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care><Patient Care Delivery><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Painful><Pain><Peer Review><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><QOL><Quality of life><Reagent><Records><recruit><Recruitment Activity><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><tissue repair>
348 <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Biological Preservation><Production><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Training and Education><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Facilities Construction Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><N.I.H. Research Support><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student>
349 <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><GFAC><Growth Factor><Modern Man><Man (Taxonomy)><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Closure by Ligation><Ligation><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Liver diseases><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Physiological Processes><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><social role><Role><Signal Pathway><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Technology><Testing><TCDD><Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><Promotor><Promoters (Genetics)><Promoter><Promotor (Genetics)><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><chronic liver disease><Investigation><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Toxicities><Toxic effect><novel><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><therapeutic target><RNAseq><RNA-seq><transcriptome sequencing>
350 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><History><Recording of previous events><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Running><Stress><Universities><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Interdisciplinary Communication><Measures><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Databases><data base><Data Bases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer coaching><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><senior faculty><full professor><recruit>
351 <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotechnology><Biotech><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Modern Man><Human><Language><Methodology><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Time><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Educational workshop><Workshop><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Biological Process><Biological Function><Nature><Complex><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><interest><Visit><meetings><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Services><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovation><innovative><innovate><biological research><co-infection><coinfection><Formulation>
352 <Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Educational aspects><Education><Environment><Faculty><flow cytophotometry><Flow Microfluorometry><Flow Microfluorimetry><Flow Cytofluorometry><Flow Cytofluorometries><Flow Cytometry><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Laboratories><Learning><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Proteins><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><Running><Science><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Technology><Time><Universities><Site><Area><Training><Educational workshop><Workshop><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Data Storage and Retrieval><data storage><data retrieval><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Collaborations><Image Cytometry><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Stream><Location><Consult><college><collegiate><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><experience><skills><member><graduate student><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><Proteomics><repository><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Institution><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Molecular><Development><developmental><Image><imaging><web site><website><optical imaging><optic imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><innovation><innovative><innovate><computing resources><computational resources><Secure><operation><undergraduate student><undergraduate><undergraduate research><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><faculty mentor><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment><Degree program><education research><equipment acquisition><instrument purchase><instrument procurement><instrument investment><instrument acquisition><equipment purchasing><equipment purchase><equipment procurement><equipment investment><equipment acquirement><online resource><web-based resource><web resource><online compendium><on-line resource><on-line compendium><internet resource><DNA sequencing><DNAseq><DNA seq><bioinformatics resource><Infrastructure><bioinformatics tool><bio-informatics tool><education resources><educational resources>
353 <Biomedical Research><Certification><Charge><Climate><Meteorological Climate><climatic><Communication><Communities><Curiosities><Educational Curriculum><Curriculum><lesson plans><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><Environment><Face><faces><facial><Faculty><Goals><Grant><Health><Idaho><Industrialization><Industry><Influentials><Internships><intern><Leadership><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Resources><Research Resources><Savings><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Medical Students><medical school students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Vision><Sight><visual function><Businesses><conference><convention><summit><symposia><symposium><conflict resolution><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><career><improved><Series><Link><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Rural><Fostering><Logistics><Research Activity><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><System><interest><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><experience><science education><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><cohesion><research facility><Structure><skills><member><Position><Positioning Attribute><Committee Members><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Address><International><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Research Infrastructure><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><Monitor><Process><Modification><developmental><Development><under served population><underserved people><Underserved Population><Outcome><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><STEM Education><STEM knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education><science, technology, engineering and math knowledge><science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge><Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education><Faculty Education><Faculty Training><Teacher Education><Teacher Educator><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Training><faculty development><faculty professional development><instructor training><teacher development><Teacher Professional Development><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><Degree Attainment><Degree Completion><student training><faculty mentor><faculty research><formative evaluation><formative assessment><higher education><Degree program><education research><Workplace Diversity><Diverse Workforce><Underrepresented Populations><Underrepresented Groups><recruit><Infrastructure><educational resources><education resources>
354 <Appointment><Award><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Communities><Environment><Equilibrium><balance><balance function><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Investments><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Mentors><Montana><United States National Institutes of Health><NIH><National Institutes of Health><New Mexico><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Publications><Scientific Publication><Ramp><Recommendation><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Resources><Research Resources><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Science><Signal Transduction><Cell Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Signaling><biological signal transduction><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Universities><Washington><Work><Measures><Task Forces><advisory team><Advisory Committees><base><career><Area><Medical><Ensure><Evaluation><Training><insight><Policies><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Selection Criteria><Funding><programs><Scientist><interest><2 year college><junior college><two year college><community college><skills training><experience><success><novel><Participant><Pathogenesis><career development><Review Committee><Committee Members><disparity in health><health disparity><Institution><Address><Core Facility><Ph.D.><PhD><Doctor of Philosophy><NIGMS><National Institute of General Medical Sciences><P01 Mechanism><P01 Program><Program Project Grant><Research Program Projects><Program Research Project Grants><Resource Sharing><Funding Opportunities><Process><developmental><Development><Outcome><Population><innovate><innovative><innovation><multidisciplinary><high standard><flexible><flexibility><Secure><undergraduate><undergraduate student><Underrepresented Students><under-served student><Underserved Students><faculty mentor><faculty research><recruit><Infrastructure>
355 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care Delivery><Patient Care><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Painful><Pain><Peer Review><pilot study><Pilot Projects><Productivity><Program Development><QOL><Quality of life><Reagent><Records><recruit><active recruitment><Recruitment Activity><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Science><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><Advisory Committees><advisory team><Task Forces><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Position><Positioning Attribute><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><tissue repair><tenure track><tenure process><materials science>
356 <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratories><Maintenance><Mission><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><preservation><Biologic Preservation><Biological Preservation><Production><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Science><Students><Time><Universities><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Businesses><Caring><animal care><base><improved><Peer Review Grants><Veterinary Technicians><Veterinary Nurses><Veterinary Assistants><Animal Care Technicians><Animal Care Assistants><Animal Technicians><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Functional disorder><Collaborations><programs><Scientist><Investigation><Techniques><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><Training and Education><model organism><Animal Models and Related Studies><Animal Model><member><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Address><Immunodeficient Mouse><C06 Program><C06 Mechanism><Research Facilities Construction Grants><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><N.I.H. Research Support><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><tissue regeneration><cost><designing><design><multidisciplinary><human disease><mouse model><murine model><infrastructure development><responsible research conduct><operation><undergraduate student><training opportunity>
357 <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotechnology><Biotech><Goals><Health><Health care facility><care facilities><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Idaho><Immersion Investigative Technique><Immersion><Industry><Internships><intern><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><medical schools><school of medicine><medical college><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Work><Writing><symposium><symposia><summit><convention><conference><Hispanics><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Latino><career><Series><Training><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home environment><Home><interest><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><Performance><science education><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Population><General Public><Research Ethics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underrepresentation of minorities><under-represented minority><under-representation of minorities><Underrepresented Ethnic Minority><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><scientifically literate><scientific literacy><First Generation Students><First Generation College graduates><First Generation College Students><faculty mentor><laboratory training><lab experience><laboratory experience><summer research><Workforce Development><rural underserved>
358 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Cell Nucleus><Nucleus><Data Analyses><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Disease><Disorder><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><college><collegiate><Services><success><models and simulation><model-based simulation><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Proteomics><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><metabolomics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><Address><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic agent development><therapeutic development><operation><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><next generation sequencing><materials science><training opportunity><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><microscopic imaging><healthcare delivery model><care delivery model><Service model><Service delivery model>
359 <Affect><Bacterial Infections><bacterial disease><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><Breast Feeding><Breastfeeding><Breastfed><Breast fed><Calcium><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Disease><Disorder><Equipment><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><Kidney><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Lactation><lactational><lactating><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Nulliparity><Nulliparous><Nulliparas><Pancreas><Pancreatic><Pathology><Play><Pregnancy><Gestation><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Stem cells><Progenitor Cells><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Tooth structure><teeth><Tooth><Woman><Work><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Injectable><Caring><base><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><System><skeletal><Gene Proteins><Protein Gene Products><Modeling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><Lobule><LBUL><Mammary gland><mammary><Signaling Protein><Signaling Pathway Gene><Signaling Factor Proto-Oncogene><Address><Breast Cancer Risk Factor><breast cancer risk><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Mammary Tumorigenesis><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><murine model><mouse model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome sequencing><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples><histological specimens><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><Growth Factor><inflammatory environment><inflammatory milieu><experimental research><experiment><experimental study><breast cancer progression><lactation period><Early pregnancy>
360 <inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><bile duct><bile ductule><Biological Assay><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><Carbon Tetrachloride><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Cause of Death><Cells><Cell Body><Dioxins><Dioxin Compound><DNA-Binding Proteins><Pharmaceutical Preparations><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Environment><Environmental Pollution><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Extracellular Matrix><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Human><Modern Man><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Ligation><Closure by Ligation><Liver><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver diseases><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Pharmacology><Physiological Processes><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><TCDD><2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Collagen Type I><Type 1 Collagen><Work><Wound Healing><Wound Repair><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><promoter><promotor><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><fibrotic liver><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disease><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><Investigation><System><Toxic effect><Toxicities><novel><Gene Expression Profiling><transcriptional profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><murine model><mouse model><therapeutic target><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><transcriptome sequencing><Cre recombinase/LoxP technology><Cre lox system><Cre lox recombination system><Cre LoxP system><Cre Lox technology><recombinase-mediated cassette exchange><liver development><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><Growth Factor><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
361 <Affect><Cause of Death><Cell Line><cultured cell line><Strains Cell Lines><CellLine><Cells><Cell Body><Clinical Research><Clinical Study><Complement><Complement Proteins><Statistical Data Interpretation><statistical analysis><Statistical Data Analysis><Statistical Data Analyses><Disease><Disorder><Economics><Epithelial Cells><Exhibits><Gene Expression><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Hospitalization><Human><Modern Man><Immune system><allergic/immunologic organ system><allergic/immunologic body system><In Vitro><Infection><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lung><pulmonary><Lung Respiratory System><Lung diseases><lung disorder><disorder of the lung><disease of the lung><Respiratory System Disorder><Respiratory System Disease><Respiratory Disease><Pulmonary Disorder><Pulmonary Diseases><Methods><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Morbidity - disease rate><Morbidity><mortality><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Organism><living system><Pathology><Patients><Research><Respiratory System><Respiratory tract structure><Respiratory Tracts><Pulmonary Organ System><Pulmonary Body System><Testing><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Mediating><Immunology><Clinical><Biological><pediatric><Childhood><Individual><Recovery><Biological Function><Biological Process><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Inflammatory><Acute respiratory infection><Viral Load result><Viral Load><Viral Burden><Immune><Immunes><Complex><Event><Lower respiratory tract structure><lower respiratory tract><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><respiratory><respiratory virus><Histopathology><Disease Outcome><Human Cell Line><Pathogenesis><Modeling><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Dose><Mouse Strains><in vitro Model><Clinical Data><Rodent Model><Monitor><Outcome><pathogen><Population><murine model><mouse model><mathematics analysis><math analysis><mathematical analysis><child patients><pediatric patients><coinfection><co-infection><diagnostic assay><global transcription profile><global gene expression><transcriptome><predictors of outcomes><predictive outcomes><outcome prediction><molecular diagnostics><experimental research><experiment><experimental study>
362 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Communicable Diseases><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communities><Complement><Complement Proteins><Demography><Drosophila genus><fruit fly><Drosophila><Environment><Fertility><Fecundity><Fecundability><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><Growth><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Infection><Insecta><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metabolic Clearance Rate><clearance rate><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><mortality><Organism><living system><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Satellite Viruses><Associated Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Immunology><Individual><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><Exposure to><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infection><oral infectious><infection mouth><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Antiviral Response><Anti-Viral Response><Binding><Molecular Interaction><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population><Epidemiology data><Epidemiological data><epidemiologic data><coinfection><co-infection><global transcription profile><global gene expression><transcriptome><virus transmission><viral transmission>
363 <Affect><Behavior><Biological Factors><Biologic Factor><Computer Simulation><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computing Methodologies><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food><Food or Food Product><Future><Goals><Health Policy><healthcare policy><health care policy><HIV><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><Human><Modern Man><Infection><Influenza><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Methods><Probability><Public Health><Quarantine><isolation/quarantine><Recommendation><Research><Research Design><study design><Study Type><Respiratory Tract Infections><Respiratory Infections><Schools><Sleep><Vaccination><Water><Hydrogen Oxide><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home environment><Home><Source><Pattern><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><social><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Institution><Data><Computational Technique><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexible><flexibility><coinfection><co-infection><behavior response><behavioral response>
364 <mortality><Organism><living system><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Satellite Viruses><Associated Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Immunology><Individual><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infection><oral infectious><infection mouth><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Antiviral Response><Anti-Viral Response><Binding><Molecular Interaction><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population><epidemiologic data><Epidemiology data><Epidemiological data><co-infection><coinfection><transcriptome><viral transmission><virus transmission><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insecta><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Invertebrates><Invertebrata><Laboratories><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Metabolic Clearance Rate><clearance rate><Biological Models><Model System><Biologic Models><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models>
365 <Affect><Behavior><Biologic Factor><Biological Factors><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><computing method><computer methods><computational methods><computational methodology><Computing Methodologies><Data Collection><Decision Making><Environment><Epidemic><Food or Food Product><Food><Future><Goals><Virus-HIV><Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus><LAV-HTLV-III><Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III><Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type III><Human Immunodeficiency Viruses><HTLV-III><Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus><Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus><AIDS Virus><HIV><Modern Man><Human><Infection><Influenza><influenza infection><flu infection><Grippe><Lead><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Methods><Probability><Public Health><Public Policy><Quarantine><isolation/quarantine><Recommendation><Research><Research Design><study design><Study Type><Respiratory Tract Infections><Respiratory Infections><Schools><Sleep><Vaccination><Hydrogen Oxide><Water><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Social Network><base><improved><Specified><Specific qualifier value><Phase><Biological><Nonlinear Dynamic><Non-linear Dynamics><Non-linear Dynamic><Nonlinear Dynamics><Susceptibility><Predisposition><insight><Individual><tool><Frequencies><Complex><Home environment><Home><Source><Pattern><System><Viral><Structure><simulation><social><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><behavior influence><behavioral influence><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Institution><Data><Computational Technique><Vaccinated><Transmission><transmission process><Characteristics><Process><Bayesian computation><Bayesian Networks><computer based statistical methods><computational tools><computerized tools><pathogen><Population><comparative><spatiotemporal><flexibility><flexible><co-infection><coinfection><behavioral response><behavior response>
366 <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Yersinia pestis><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><IACUC><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Research Training><Collection><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate student>
367 <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><information privacy><Confidentiality><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Physical Exercise><Exercise><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Mission><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><Dataset><Data Set><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Electronic Database><Electronic Databank><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><Services><Training and Education><data management><science education><high-end computing><High Performance Computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Commit><Institution><protein structure><Data><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing>
368 <Animals><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Staging><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct>
369 <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation>
370 <Animals><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Staging><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct>
371 <Award><Biochemistry><Biological Chemistry><Biological Sciences><Life Sciences><Bioscience><Biologic Sciences><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Biometry><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Chemistry><Communities><data interpretation><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Educational aspects><Education><Engineering><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Foundations><Future><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><Mission><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Peer Review><Physics><Play><Production><Publishing><Recombinant Proteins><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Schools><Science><Software><Computer software><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Veterans><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Businesses><Imagery><Visualization><base><career><Area><repaired><repair><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Discipline><Individual><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Therapeutic><Electrical Engineering><programs><college><collegiate><Services><Medical center><success><Manuscripts><models and simulation><model-based simulation><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><metabonomics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Core Facility><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Computer Analysis><computer analyses><computational analysis><computational analyses><Senior Scientist><tissue regeneration><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><Image><imaging><cyber infrastructure><cyberinfrastructure><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><therapeutic agent development><operation><tissue repair><next generation sequencing><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><materials science><microscopic imaging><microscopy imaging><microscope imaging><Service delivery model><healthcare delivery model><health care delivery model><care delivery model><Service model>
372 <Algorithms><Anatomy><Anatomic><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic structures><Anatomical Sciences><Attention><Breast><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Cause of Death><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Diagnosis><Computer-Assisted Diagnosis><Computer aided diagnosis><computer-assisted diagnostics><Disease><Disorder><Fatty acid glycerol esters><Fats><Feedback><Female><Goals><Human><Modern Man><Judgment><Manuals><Mathematics><Math><Medical Imaging><Methods><Methodology><Noise><Research><medical schools><medical college><school of medicine><Survival Rate><Testing><Tissues><Body Tissues><Ultrasonography><Echography><Echotomography><Medical Ultrasound><Ultrasonic Imaging><Ultrasonogram><Ultrasound Diagnosis><Ultrasound Medical Imaging><Ultrasound Test><diagnostic ultrasound><sonogram><sonography><sound measurement><ultrasound><ultrasound imaging><ultrasound scanning><United States><Universities><Utah><Woman><Work><Imaging Techniques><Imaging Procedures><Imaging Technics><Mammary Ultrasonography><Breast Ultrasonography><Ultrasonic Mammography><Ultrasound Mammography><breast ultrasound><Morphologic artifacts><Artifacts><Dataset><Data Set><base><image processing><improved><Image Analyses><image evaluation><image interpretation><Image Analysis><Variation><Variant><Medical><Evaluation><Training><non-painful><nonpainful><not painful><Painless><Visual><radiologist><Breast Cancer Early Screening><Breast Cancer Early Detection><Shapes><tool><Nature><Knowledge><Complex><Texture><Location><early detection><Early Diagnosis><Performance><success><Devices><Modeling><Connectionist Models><Neural Network Models><Perceptrons><Neural Network Simulation><Property><model development><mammary><Mammary gland><Breast Neoplasms><Breast Tumors><Mammary Cancer><mammary tumor><Mammary Neoplasms><Data><Detection><Imaging Instrument><Imaging Tool><Imaging Device><Reproducibility><Tumor Process><Tumor-Associated Process><Update><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Characteristics><Process><imaging><Image><Output><computational tools><computerized tools><cost effective><prospective><innovate><innovative><innovation><imaging Segmentation><spatial relationship><tumor><computer assisted detection><computer aided detection><mammary imaging><breast imaging><learning activity><learning method><learning strategy><Tissue imaging><imaging properties><model of human><human model><advanced stage breast cancer><advanced breast cancer><deep learning><ConvNet><convolutional network><convolutional neural nets><convolutional neural network><clinical exam><clinical examination>
373 <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><lesson plans><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><Life Cycle Stages><life course><Life Cycle><Mentors><Mission><Statistical Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Online Systems><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Computer software><Software><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><technical skills><Technical Expertise><Dataset><Data Set><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><computer biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><data management><science education><High Performance Computing><high-end computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Gene Expression Profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Proteomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><Assessment tool><Assessment instrument><student training><curriculum enhancement><curriculum expansion><curricular enrichment><laboratory experiment><laboratory exercise><laboratory assignment><laboratory activity><lab experiment><lab assignment>
374 <Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Animal Experimentation><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><research and development><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Seeds><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Students><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><undergraduate student><undergraduate><student training><Faculty Recruitment><teacher recruitment><recruit teachers><faculty research><sabbatical><training opportunity>
375 <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotech><Biotechnology><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion Investigative Technique><Immersion><Industry><Internships><intern><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><medical schools><school of medicine><medical college><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Work><Writing><symposia><summit><convention><conference><symposium><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Hispanics><Latino><career><Series><Training><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home environment><Home><interest><community college><two year college><junior college><2 year college><experience><Performance><science education><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Population><General Public><Research Ethics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underrepresentation of minorities><under-represented minority><under-representation of minorities><Underrepresented Ethnic Minority><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate><undergraduate research><scientific literacy><scientifically literate><First Generation College Students><First Generation Students><First Generation College graduates><faculty mentor><laboratory experience><laboratory training><lab experience><summer research><Workforce Development><rural underserved>
376 <Biology><Biomedical Research><Cell Body><Cells><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Disorder><Disease><Engineering><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Patient Care Delivery><Patient Care><Goals><Grant><Health><Institutes><instrumentation><Investments><Mentors><Mission><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Pain><Painful><Peer Review><Pilot Projects><pilot study><Productivity><Program Development><Quality of life><QOL><Reagent><Records><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Natural regeneration><regenerate><Regeneration><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Students><Talents><Educational process of instructing><Teaching><Technology><Time><Tissues><Body Tissues><Translating><Universities><Work><Writing><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><base><career><Organ><improved><Ensure><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Disease Progression><Funding><Collaborations><Knowledge><programs><Scientist><success><research facility><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Positioning Attribute><Position><career development><response><Annual Reports><Address><Program Research Project Grants><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Research Infrastructure><Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><developmental><Development><designing><design><multidisciplinary><infrastructure development><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><tissue repair><undergraduate student><undergraduate><tenure track><tenure process><materials science>
377 <inhibitor><inhibitor/antagonist><bile ductule><bile duct><Biologic Assays><Bioassay><Assay><Biological Assay><Biology><Biomedical Research><tetrachloro-methane><Tetrachloromethane><Carbon Tetrachloride><Cause of Death><Cell Body><Cells><Dioxin Compound><Dioxins><DNA-Binding Proteins><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Environment><environmental contamination><environmental contaminant><Environmental Pollution><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Future><Gene Activation><Gene Expression><Genes><Genome><Goals><Modern Man><Human><In Vitro><Inflammation><Ligands><Ligation><Closure by Ligation><Liver><hepatic organ system><hepatic body system><Liver Cirrhosis><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver diseases><liver disorder><hepatopathy><hepatic disease><Hepatic Disorder><Mentors><Transgenic Mice><Mus><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Pharmacology><Physiological Processes><Physiologic Processes><Organismal Process><Organism-Level Process><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Role><social role><Signal Pathway><Signal Transduction><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Testing><Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin><TCDD><2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin><Type 1 Collagen><Collagen Type I><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><nuclear translocator dioxin receptor><TCDD Receptors><Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Receptors><Nuclear Translocator><Dioxin Receptors><AH Receptors><2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Receptors><Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor><cytokine><Measures><Mediating><promotor><promoter><base><Variation><Variant><Physiologic><Physiological><Null Mouse><Knock-out Mice><KO mice><Knockout Mice><Link><Myofibroblast><Liver Cells><Hepatic Parenchymal Cell><Hepatic Cells><Hepatocyte><Ito Cell><Hepatic Stellate Cell><Recovery><hepatic fibrosis><Liver Fibrosis><Funding><helix turn helix><helix loop helix><HTH Motifs><HTH DNA Binding Domain><Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs><Therapeutic><chronic liver disease><chronic liver disorder><chronic hepatic disorder><chronic hepatic disease><Investigation><System><Toxic effect><Toxicities><novel><Gene Expression Profiling><gene expression assay><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Modeling><response><Therapeutic Uses><Address><Affinity><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Receptor Activation><Receptor Signaling><in vivo><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Wild Type Mouse><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><comparative><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><recombinase-mediated cassette exchange><Cre recombinase/LoxP technology><Cre lox system><Cre lox recombination system><Cre LoxP system><Cre Lox technology><liver development><Growth Factor><Proteins Growth Factors><Growth Substances><Growth Agents><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
378 <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation>
379 <Alaska><Biomedical Research><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases and Manifestations><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><Education><Educational aspects><Medical Education><E coli><Escherichia coli><Grant><Idaho><Laboratories><Leadership><Mentors><Microbiology><Montana><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Universities><Washington><Wyoming><Y.pestis><Y. pestis><Pasteurella pestis><Yersinia pestis><Evaluation><Training><Individual><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><programs><Scientist><collegiate><college><experience><professor><microbial><member><outreach><Pathogenesis><Position><Positioning Attribute><Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee><IACUC><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Research Training><Collection><developmental><Development><innovative><innovate><innovation><undergraduate student>
380 <Academy><Biomedical Research><Complement Proteins><Complement><information privacy><Confidentiality><Curriculum><Educational Curriculum><Economical Development><Economic Development><Physical Exercise><Exercise><Faculty><Fees><Grant><Idaho><Industry><Laboratories><life course><Life Cycle><Life Cycle Stages><Mentors><Mission><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><web based><online computer><On-Line Systems><Online Systems><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><computer program/software><Software><Computer software><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Technology><Training Programs><Universities><Technical Expertise><Dataset><Data Set><base><Area><Training><Workshop><Educational workshop><data repository><clinical data repository><Electronic Database><Electronic Databank><Databanks><Data Bases><Data Banks><Databases><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><Computational Biology><Knowledge><lectures><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><Services><Training and Education><data management><science education><high-end computing><High Performance Computing><skills><Participant><graduate student><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><gene expression analysis><Transcript Expression Analysis><Transcript Expression Analyses><Gene Expression Pattern Analysis><Gene Expression Monitoring><Gene Expression Profiling><Proteomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><protein structure><Data><PhD><Ph.D.><Doctor of Philosophy><Qualifying><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Phylogenetics><Phylogenetic Analysis><Security><website><web site><mass spectrometer><virtual><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><designing><design><computer cluster><undergraduate research><High-Throughput Sequencing><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing>
381 <Biomedical Research><Evolution><Faculty><Grant><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mentors><Program Development><Quality Control><Research><Research Institute><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Salaries><Wages><Technology><Universities><Administrator><Businesses><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><animal care><base><human subject><Phase><Ensure><Individual><Data Quality><Funding><Collaborations><LOINC Axis 4 System><System><Consult><Services><data management><experience><success><Employee><Structure><expectation><payment><Organization Charts><organizational structure><Position><Positioning Attribute><Regulation><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Core Facility><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Resource Sharing><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Extramural><EXTMR><Extramural Activities><scientific advances><scientific accomplishments><Scientific Advances and Accomplishments><Principal Investigator><Process><financial decision making><operation>
382 <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotech><Biotechnology><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Housing><Modern Man><Human><Language><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Play><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Resources><Resources><social role><Role><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Social Environment><Time><Vision><visual function><Sight><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Left><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Staging><Nature><Complex><Viral><disease severity><Severity of illness><interest><Visit><meetings><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><Services><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Position><Positioning Attribute><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovation><innovative><innovate><biological research><co-infection><coinfection><Formulation>
383 <adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Adult><Affect><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Epidemiologic Studies><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><epidemiological><epidemiologic><Epidemiology><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Insecta><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><clearance rate><Metabolic Clearance Rate><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><mortality><living system><Organism><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Associated Viruses><Satellite Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><Virus Diseases><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus><General Viruses><Work><Data Set><Dataset><Immunology><base><Individual><Collaborations><immunoresponse><host response><Immune response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infectious><infection mouth><oral infection><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><mathematical model><Anti-Viral Response><Antiviral Response><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Address><Data><Viral Vector><Transmission><transmission process><Molecular><Process><developmental><Development><Flies><fly><vector><Outcome><pathogen><Population><co-infection><coinfection><transcriptome><viral transmission><virus transmission>
384 <Animals><Biomedical Research><Budgets><Graduate Education><Environment><Faculty><Fellowship><Grant><Idaho><instrumentation><Mentors><Productivity><Research><R&D><R & D><Development and Research><research and development><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><seed><Plant Zygotes><Plant Embryos><Seeds><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Students><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Writing><improved><Area><Clinical><Training><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><Staging><programs><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Postdoctoral Fellow><experience><success><Manuscripts><expectation><Participant><Institution><Human Subject Research><Research Program Projects><Program Project Grant><P01 Program><P01 Mechanism><Program Research Project Grants><Qualifying><Monitor><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><designing><design><responsible research conduct><Teacher Professional Development><teacher development><instructor training><faculty professional development><faculty development><Teacher Training><Teacher Preparation><Teacher Educator><Teacher Education><Faculty Training><Faculty Education><student training><Faculty Recruitment><teacher recruitment><recruit teachers><faculty research><sabbatical><training opportunity>
385 <Accounting><Biomedical Research><Biotech><Biotechnology><Goals><Health><Healthcare Facility><Health Facilities><Health care facility><Idaho><Immersion><Immersion Investigative Technique><Industry><intern><Internships><Labor Forces><Laboratories><Laboratory Research><literacy><Mentors><Research><Schools><school of medicine><medical college><medical schools><Science><Students><Talents><Teaching><Educational process of instructing><Work><Writing><symposium><symposia><summit><convention><conference><Hispanics><hispanic community><Spanish Origin><Latino Population><Hispanic Populations><Latino><career><Series><Training><Rural><Funding><Native Americans><posters><programs><Oral><Home><Home environment><interest><two year college><junior college><2 year college><community college><experience><Performance><science education><Manuscripts><skills><Participant><outreach><General Public><General Population><Research Ethics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><Institution><Population Sciences><underrepresentation of minorities><under-represented minority><under-representation of minorities><Underrepresented Ethnic Minority><Underrepresented Minority><Monitor><developmental><Development><designing><design><Outcome><demographics><responsible research conduct><undergraduate student><undergraduate research><scientific literacy><scientifically literate><First Generation College Students><First Generation Students><First Generation College graduates><faculty mentor><laboratory experience><laboratory training><lab experience><summer research><Workforce Development>
386 <Biomedical Research><Communication><Communities><Faculty><Goals><Grooming><Recording of previous events><History><Idaho><Mentors><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Running><Stress><Universities><Interdisciplinary Communication><Multidisciplinary Communication><Cross-Disciplinary Communication><Measures><advisory team><Task Forces><Advisory Committees><improved><Medical><Series><Evaluation><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><data base><Data Bases><Databases><Funding><programs><Complex><meetings><experience><Structure><expectation><Participant><member><outreach><Reporting><Modeling><Monitor><Process><Holly><next generation><operation><peer teaching><peer mentoring><peer led team learning><peer instruction><peer coaching><full professor><senior faculty><recruit>
387 <Award><Biology><Biomedical Research><Biostatistics><Biometrics><Biometry><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Data Analysis><Data Analyses><disease/disorder><Disorder><Disease><Education><Educational aspects><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Histology><Housing><Idaho><instrumentation><Laboratories><Maintenance><Microscopy><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><regenerate><Regeneration><Natural regeneration><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><social role><Role><Running><Science><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Students><Time><Body Tissues><Tissues><Universities><Businesses><Visualization><Imagery><base><repair><repaired><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Activity><Disease Progression><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Collaborations><programs><meetings><collegiate><college><Services><sq. ft><square foot><success><model-based simulation><models and simulation><personnel><Manpower><Human Resources><Modeling><Proteomics><Genomics><Bio-Informatics><Bioinformatics><metabolism measurement><metabolomics><Address><Core Facility><Data><Infrastructure><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><computational analysis><Computer Analysis><Senior Scientist><N.I.H. Research Support><imaging><Image><cyberinfrastructure><cyber infrastructure><novel strategy><novel approaches><new approaches><novel strategies><transcriptomics><data acquisition><therapeutic development><operation><nextgen sequencing><next gen sequencing><NGS system><NGS Method><next generation sequencing>
388 <Attention><Behavior><Biology><Biotech><Biotechnology><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Communication><Communities><Consultations><Experimental Designs><facial><faces><Face><Faculty><Goals><Health><Modern Man><Human><Language><Methodology><Play><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Role><social role><Social Environment><socioenvironment><social context><social climate><Time><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Administrator><Specialist><improved><Area><Biological><Ensure><Training><insight><Discipline><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Fostering><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Biological Function><Biological Process><Nature><Complex><Viral><Severity of illness><disease severity><interest><Visit><meetings><Postdoctoral Fellow><post-doctoral><post-doc><Research Associate><Postdoc><Services><success><interdisciplinary collaboration><transdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><skills><Participant><member><graduate student><outreach><Positioning Attribute><Position><Modeling><Sampling><Address><Data><Process><innovation><innovative><innovate><biological research><co-infection><coinfection><Formulation>
389 <Adult><adulthood><Adult Human><21+ years old><Affect><Infectious Disorder><Infectious Diseases><Infectious Disease Pathway><Communicable Diseases><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Demography><fruit fly><Drosophila><Drosophila genus><Environment><Fecundity><Fecundability><Fertility><Future><Gene Expression><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Modern Man><Human><Idaho><Infection><Insects Invertebrates><Insects><Insecta><Invertebrata><Invertebrates><Laboratories><heavy metal lead><heavy metal Pb><Pb element><Lead><clearance rate><Metabolic Clearance Rate><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><statistical linear models><statistical linear mixed models><Probability Models><Probabilistic Models><Statistical Models><mortality><living system><Organism><Parents><Pathology><Population Dynamics><Public Health><Research><Associated Viruses><Satellite Viruses><Technology><Testing><Time><Universities><virology><virus-induced disease><virus infection><viral infection><Viral Diseases><Virus Diseases><General Viruses><Virus><Work><Dataset><Data Set><Immunology><Individual><Collaborations><Immune response><immunoresponse><host response><Immunological response><Genetic><Drosophila C virus><Exposure to><tool><Complex><System><Viral><interest><oral infection><oral infectious><infection mouth><expectation><offspring><Pathogenesis><epidemiology study><epidemiologic investigation><Epidemiology Research><Epidemiological Studies><Epidemiologic Studies><Epidemiologic Research><Modeling><Property><response><mathematical model><mathematical modeling><mathematic model><Math Models><Antiviral Response><Anti-Viral Response><Molecular Interaction><Binding><Address><Data><Viral Vector><transmission process><Transmission><Molecular><Process><Development><developmental><fly><Flies><Outcome><Population><epidemiologic data><Epidemiology data><Epidemiological data><co-infection><coinfection><transcriptome><global transcription profile><global gene expression><viral transmission><virus transmission><pathogenic virus><viral pathogen><vector-borne><vectorborne>
390 <Ursidae Family><Bears><Ursidae><bear><Biomedical Research><Communities><Computer Hardware><computer system hardware><Experimental Designs><Faculty><Feedback><Foundations><Goals><Grant><Health><Human><Modern Man><Idaho><Language><Play><Publications><Scientific Publication><Research><Research Personnel><Investigators><Researchers><Research Support><Role><social role><Science><Computer software><Software><Students><Technology><Universities><Work><Writing><base><improved><Area><Phase><Biological><Link><Ensure><Training><insight><Individual><Workshop><Educational workshop><Interdisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Multidisciplinary Research><Interdisciplinary Study><Funding><R-Series Research Projects><R01 Mechanism><R01 Program><Research Grants><Research Projects><Research Project Grants><tool><machine learned><Machine Learning><Knowledge><Complex><Postdoc><Research Associate><post-doc><post-doctoral><Postdoctoral Fellow><collegiate><college><experience><success><transdisciplinary collaboration><interdisciplinary collaboration><synergism><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Models><molecular modeling><Participant><member><Modeling><Institution><Address><Data><COBRE><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><Centers of Research Excellence><EXTMR><Extramural><Extramural Activities><Process><developmental><Development><work group><working group><Outcome><Formulation><recruit><Infrastructure>
391 <Affect><Algorithms><Alleles><Allelomorphs><Automobile Driving><driving><malignant breast neoplasm><Breast Cancer><malignant breast tumor><Malignant Neoplasms><Cancers><Malignant Tumor><malignancy><neoplasm/cancer><Computing Methodologies><computational methodology><computational methods><computer based method><computer methods><computing method><Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)><Confounding Variables><Epidemiologic Confounding Factor><Diagnosis><Disease><Disorder><Gene Expression><Genes><Regulator Genes><Transcriptional Regulatory Elements><regulatory gene><trans acting element><Genotype><Goals><Lead><Pb element><heavy metal Pb><heavy metal lead><Methods><Methylation><Mutation><Genetic Alteration><Genetic Change><Genetic defect><genome mutation><Patients><Phenotype><Research><Role><social role><Testing><Time><Genetic Transcription><Gene Transcription><RNA Expression><Transcription><Genetic Variation><Genetic Diversity><DNA Sequence><base><cancer progression><neoplasm progression><neoplastic progression><tumor progression><Biological><Link><Individual><root><Plant Roots><DNA Methylation><Complex><interest><simulation><novel><disorder model><Disease model><Modeling><disease subgroups><disease subtype><disorder subtype><Causality><causation><disease causation><Etiology><Symptoms><randomisation><randomization><randomly assigned><Randomized><Regulatory Pathway><Clinical Data><Epigenetic><Epigenetic Change><Epigenetic Mechanism><Epigenetic Process><Gene Combinations><Transcription Process><Process><developmental><Development><Expression Signature><gene expression pattern><gene expression signature><transcriptional signature><Gene Expression Profile><clinical phenotype><Gene variant><allele variant><allelic variant><genomic variant><genetic variant><Population><network models><tumor><new drug target><new druggable target><new pharmacotherapy target><new therapy target><novel drug target><novel druggable target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel therapy target><new therapeutic target><molecular phenotype><effective treatment><effective therapy><Breast Tumor Patient><Breast Cancer Patient><cancer sub-types><cancer subtypes><genomic data-set><genomic dataset><genomic data><experiment><experimental research><experimental study><complex data >
392 <Accreditation><Animal Experimentation><Animal Research><Animal Experimental Use><Award><Biology><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><Biomedical Research><Communities><Complement Proteins><Complement><Engineering><Environment><Equipment><Experimental Designs><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Faculty><Foundations><Future><Goals><Grant><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Animal Housing><Idaho><Laboratory Research><Maintenance><Model System><Biologic Models><Biological Models><Murine><Mice Mammals><Mice><Mus><National Institutes of Health><NIH><United States National Institutes of Health><Production><Rats Mammals><Rat><Common Rat Strains><Rattus><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Research Support><Research Techniques><Research Technics><Rodents Mammals><Rodentia><Rodent><Software><Computer software><Students><Time><Universities><Work><Wound Repair><Wound Healing><Zebra Fish><Zebra Danio><Danio rerio><Brachydanio rerio><Zebrafish><Businesses><Schedule><Caring><animal care><base><Phase><Peer Review Grants><Training><Individual><Trust><Fostering><Interdisciplinary Study><Multidisciplinary Research><Multidisciplinary Collaboration><Interdisciplinary Research><Disease Progression><Fee-for-Service Plans><Fees for Service><Funding><Research Project Grants><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Functional disorder><pathophysiology><Physiopathology><Dysfunction><Collaborations><programs><Investigation><System><meetings><college><collegiate><Services><Training and Education><Education and Training><Animal Model><model organism><model of animal><Animal Models and Related Studies><member><graduate student><Human Resources><personnel><Manpower><Modeling><Institution><Administrative Supplement><Core Facility><Doctor of Philosophy><PhD><Ph.D.><Health Sciences><Immunodeficient Mouse><Research Infrastructure><Research Training><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><tissue regeneration><regenerating damaged tissue><regenerate new tissue><cost><design><designing><multidisciplinary><human disease><new growth><responsible research conduct><operation><training opportunity><Service delivery model><healthcare delivery model><health care delivery model><care delivery model><Service model><preservation><Infrastructure>
393 <Affect><Anatomy><Anatomy Qualifier><Anatomical Sciences><Anatomic structures><Anatomic Structures and Systems><Anatomic Structure, System, or Substance><Anatomic Sites><Anatomic><Arthritis><arthritic><Biological Factors><Biologic Factor><Biology><Biomechanics><biomechanical><Biomedical Engineering><bioengineering><bio-engineers><bio-engineered><bone><Cadaver><Cartilaginous Tissue><Cartilage><articular cartilage><virtual simulation><in silico><computerized simulation><computerized modeling><computer based models><computational simulation><computational models><computational modeling><Mathematical Models and Simulations><Mathematical Model Simulation><Computerized Models><Computer based Simulation><Computer Models><Computer Simulation><Elements><Exercise><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Foundations><Gait><Goals><Incidence><Joints><muscular><Muscle Tissue><Muscle><obese population><obese person><obese people><obese><corpulentia><corpulency><corpulence><adiposity><Obesity><osteoarthritic><hypertrophic arthritis><degenerative joint disease><Osteoarthrosis><Osteoarthritis><Degenerative Arthritis><Degenerative polyarthritis><Osteotomy><Painful><Pain><Patients><Postoperative><Post-Operative><Postoperative Period><Productivity><QOL><Quality of life><rehabilitative therapy><rehabilitative><Rehabilitation><Medical Rehabilitation><Rehabilitation therapy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Mass Spectrum Analyses><Mass Spectrum><Mass Spectroscopy><Mass Spectrometry><Mass Photometry/Spectrum Analysis><Mass Spectrum Analysis><Staining method><Stains><Synovia><Synovial Fluid><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><Training Programs><visual function><Sight><Vision><Work><Custom><Social Impacts><base><crosslink><cross-link><improved><Lateral><Medial><Phase><Biological><Evaluation><Serum><Blood Serum><Individual><Early Intervention><tool><Mechanics><mechanical><Knee Osteoarthritis><knee joint osteoarthritis><knee joint OA><knee OA><Principal Component Analysis><Principal Component Analyses><Severities><System><Musculoskeletal><Operative Surgical Procedures><surgery><Surgical Procedure><Surgical Interventions><Surgical><Operative Procedures><human old age (65+)><aged ≥65><aged 65 and greater><age 65 and older><age 65 and greater><Aged 65 and Over><65+ years old><bone stress><mammalian COMP><cartilage oligomeric matrix protein><Structure><economic impact><disorder risk><disease risk><Excision><resection><Surgical Removal><Removal><Extirpation><Abscission><Modeling><Sampling><response><bioimaging><biomedical imaging><bio-imaging><Intervention><interventional strategy><Intervention Strategies><Collagen Fibril><Thickness><Thick><preventing><prevent><Address><Data><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Image><imaging><early onset><Outcome><Population><rehabilitation strategy><rehab strategy><aging population><population aging><aged population><patient population><Biological Markers><biomarker><biologic marker><bio-markers><regenerative><preclinical evaluation><pre-clinical evaluation><cartilage degradation><cartilage degeneration><gait rehabilitation><gait training><individual patient><mechanical load><computational platform><computing platform><confocal imaging>
394 <Affect><inhibitor/antagonist><inhibitor><Autophagocytosis><autophagy><Biology><Cardiovascular Diseases><cardiovascular disorder><plasmalemma><Plasma Membrane><Cytoplasmic Membrane><Cell membrane><Nucleus><Cell Nucleus><Cell Body><Cells><Scars><Cicatrix><Collagen><Connective Tissue Disorder><Connective Tissue Diseases><Death><Cessation of life><Cognitive Discrimination><Discrimination><Disorder><Disease><Drug Design><drug/agent><Pharmaceutic Preparations><Medication><Drugs><Pharmaceutical Preparations><Ergastoplasm><Endoplasmic Reticulum><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Fibrosis><Foundations><Future><Goals><Modern Man><Human><Immune Precipitation><Immunoprecipitation><Intelligence><renal disorder><kidney disorder><Renal Disease><Nephropathy><Kidney Diseases><Kinetics><Ligands><Hepatic Cirrhosis><Liver Cirrhosis><Macular degenerative disease><Macular degeneration><conformational state><conformation><Molecular Stereochemistry><Molecular Configuration><Molecular Conformation><Morbidity><Morbidity - disease rate><mortality><Names><Play><Production><Proteins><lung fibrosis><Pulmonary Fibrosis><Ribonucleic Acid><RNA Gene Products><Non-Polyadenylated RNA><RNA><mRNA><Messenger RNA><social role><Role><progressive systemic sclerosis><Systemic Sclerosis><Systemic Scleroderma><Signal Pathway><structure function relationship><chemical structure function><Structure-Activity Relationship><Testing><Thermodynamic><Thermodynamics><Tissue Distribution><Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution><Body Tissues><Tissues><Translating><Translations><Mediating><base><crosslink><cross-link><Organ><Chronic><Phase><Biological><Physiological><Physiologic><Anabolism><biosynthesis><Rough endoplasmic reticulum><Rough-Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum><Rough ER><Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum><Binding Proteins><bound protein><Protein Binding><Ligand Binding Protein Gene><Ligand Binding Protein><Disease Progression><Molecular Chaperones><Chaperone><Developed Countries><Industrialized Nations><Industrialized Countries><Developed Nations><Normal tissue morphology><Normal Tissue><Deposition><Deposit><Knowledge><Event><cell type><Techniques><body system><Organ System><Nuclear><analytical ultracentrifugation><mutant><Surface Plasmon Resonance><Intercept><5' Untranslated Regions><mRNA Leader Sequences><5'UTR><Structure><expectation><Prevention><Sampling><response><drug discovery><Organ failure><Fibrillar Collagen><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><RNA Binding><RNA bound><Molecular Interaction><Binding><preventing><prevent><COL1A1 gene><COL1A1><COL1A2 gene><COL1A2><Address><Applications Grants><Grant Proposals><Post-Transcriptional Regulation><posttranscriptional regulation><posttranscriptional control><Post-Transcriptional Control><Centers of Research Excellence><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Molecular><driving force><stem><therapeutic target><new therapeutic target><novel therapy target><novel therapeutic target><novel pharmacotherapy target><novel druggable target><novel drug target><new therapy target><new pharmacotherapy target><new druggable target><new drug target><endoplasmic reticulum stress><ER stress><High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing><High-Throughput Sequencing><targeted treatment><targeted therapy><targeted therapeutic agents><targeted therapeutic><targeted drug treatments><targeted drug therapy><crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing><High-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library><HITS-CLIP><CLIP-Seq><experimental study><experimental research><experiment>
395 <Affect><bacterial disease><Bacterial Infections><Biology><Biomedical Research><Breast><malignant breast tumor><Breast Cancer><malignant breast neoplasm><Breastfeeding><Breast Feeding><Factor IV><Coagulation Factor IV><Ca++ element><Blood Coagulation Factor IV><Calcium><Disorder><Disease><Environment><Equipment><ECM><Cell-Extracellular Matrix><Extracellular Matrix><Future><Genes><Goals><ontogeny><Tissue Growth><Generalized Growth><Growth><Housing><Incidence><Infection><Inflammation><instrumentation><renal><Kidney Urinary System><Kidney><Lactation><mastitis><Mentors><Milk><Pancreatic><Pancreas><Pathology><Play><Gestation><Pregnancy><Research><Researchers><Investigators><Research Personnel><Risk><social role><Role><biological signal transduction><Signaling><Signal Transduction Systems><Intracellular Communication and Signaling><Cell Signaling><Cell Communication and Signaling><Signal Transduction><Progenitor Cells><Stem cells><Testing><Body Tissues><Tissues><teeth><Tooth><Tooth structure><Woman><Work><parathyroid hormone-related protein><Tumor Hypercalcemic Factor><Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein><Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone><Parathyroid Hormone Like Tumor Factor><PTHrP><PTH-Related Peptide><PTH-Like Protein><PTH Like Tumor Factor><Hypercalcemic Hormone of Malignancy><Technical Expertise><technical skills><Injectable><Caring><base><neoplastic progression><neoplasm progression><cancer progression><tumor progression><Microscope><improved><Prophylaxis><Prophylactic treatment><Acute><Chronic><Funding><Coculture><Cocultivation><Co-culture><Coculture Techniques><Inflammatory><System><skeletal><cancer risk><experimental study><experimental research><experiment><research study><Protein Gene Products><Gene Proteins><Modeling><high throughput technology><Proteomics><LBUL><Lobule><mammary><Mammary gland><Address><Grant Proposals><Applications Grants><mammary oncogenesis><mammary carcinogenesis><Mammary Tumorigenesis><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Mammary Gland Tissue><Breast Tissue><Mammary Gland Parenchyma><Preparation><Process><developmental><Development><mass spectrometer><Outcome><driving force><mouse model><murine model><therapeutic target><inflammatory breast cancer><transcriptome sequencing><RNAseq><RNA sequencing><RNA Seq><histological specimens><histology specimens><histology samples><histological samples>
396 <Award><Biomedical Research><Equipment><Evolution><Feedback><Fees><Future><Idaho><Institutes><Investments><Mission><Molecular Models><United States National Institutes of Health><National Institutes of Health><NIH><Program Development><Recruitment Activity><recruit><active recruitment><Research><Research Personnel><Researchers><Investigators><Resources><Research Resources><Computer software><Software><Universities><Weaning><Businesses><Pump><improved><Phase><Fees for Service><Fee-for-Service Plans><Funding><Research Projects><Research Grants><R01 Program><R01 Mechanism><R-Series Research Projects><Research Project Grants><Machine Learning><support vector machine><statistical learning><kernel methods><Dependence><System><Services><data management><molecular modeling><Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry><Molecular Modeling Nucleic Acid Biochemistry><simulation><Support System><Social Support System><Modeling><Genomics><Bioinformatics><Bio-Informatics><data mining><datamining><Data><International><Center of Biomedical Research Excellence><COBRE><Centers of Research Excellence><Process><developmental><Development><innovation><innovative><innovate><computing resources><computational resources><Computational algorithm><computer algorithm><computer infrastructure><computational infrastructure><flexibility><flexible><operation><Systems Development><equipment acquisition><instrument purchase><instrument procurement><instrument investment><instrument acquisition><equipment purchasing><equipment purchase><equipment procurement><equipment investment><equipment acquirement>
pref_terms
1 Address;Advisory Committees;Area;Automobile Driving;Basic Science;Biological;Biomedical Research;Body fat;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical Nutrition;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Coupled;Critiques;Dedications;Development;Disease;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Evidence based practice;Faculty;Food;Funding;Gender;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Health Food;Healthcare;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;International;Investments;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lactation;Lead;Longevity;Medical;Mental Health;Mentors;Mentorship;Monitor;Nutrient;Nutritional;Nutritional Study;Obesity;Personal Satisfaction;Physicians;Physiological;Population;Poverty;Pregnancy;Productivity;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Resources;Risk;Role;Rural;Scientist;Services;Source;Students;Time;Training;Translating;Underserved Population;Universities;Woman;Women's Health;Work;critical period;early-career faculty;evidence base;excessive weight gain;experience;food insecurity;formative assessment;frontier;gender disparity;health care availability;health disparity;health inequalities;improved;innovation;institutional capacity;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;marginalized population;meetings;men;multidisciplinary;nutrition;outreach;physically handicapped;pre-clinical;programs;recruit;reproductive;senescence;sex;social;success;timeline
2 Address;Aging;Ally;Anatomy;Anthropometry;Basal metabolic rate;Behavior;Behavioral;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological;Biomedical Research;Blood Chemical Analysis;Body Composition;Body Weight decreased;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Clinical assessments;Communities;Complement;Computers;Data Analyses;Data Collection;Data Science;Dedications;Dietary Assessment;Dietary Intervention;Dietetics;Discipline;Ensure;Equipment;Exercise;Faculty;Financial Support;Food;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Health;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Indirect Calorimetry;Institution;International;Intervention Studies;Kinesiology;Laboratories;Lactation;Longevity;Maintenance;Malnutrition;Measurement;Metabolic;Methodology;Microbiology;Nature;Nutrient;Nutrition Assessment;Nutritional;Nutritional Science;Nutritional Study;Nutritional status;Outcome;Phase;Physiological;Physiology;Pilot Projects;Pregnancy;Productivity;Psychology;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Resources;Running;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Services;Signs and Symptoms;Sociology;Specialist;Students;Technical Expertise;Training;Universities;Weight;Weight Gain;Women's Health;cohort;experimental study;field study;health assessment;human subject;innovation;instrumentation;laboratory experience;mass spectrometer;mid-career faculty;multidisciplinary;novel;nutrition;operation;research facility;social;stable isotope
3 Academy;Affect;Anxiety;Birth;Breast Feeding;Centers of Research Excellence;Cholecalciferol;Classification;Clinical;Compassion;Complex;Consumption;Corn Oil;Cutaneous;Data;Dietary Assessment;Dietary Intervention;Dietary intake;Double-Blind Method;Emotional;Future;Geographic Locations;Goals;Growth;Health;Health Food;Hormones;Human Milk;Hydrocortisone;Idaho;Immunoglobulins;Infant;Infant Care;Infant Health;Intervention;Intervention Studies;Intervention Trial;Knowledge;Lactation;Link;Maternal Health;Measures;Medicine;Mental Depression;Mental Health;Metabolic Diseases;Milk;Minerals;Mothers;Motor;Neonatal;Neonatal Mortality;Nutrient;Outcome;Oxytocin;Physiological;Placebo Control;Placebos;Population;Postpartum Depression;Postpartum Period;Predisposing Factor;Premature Birth;Premature Infant;Protein Analysis;Proteins;Proteomics;Psyche structure;Public Health;Questionnaires;Randomized;Research;Research Project Grants;Risk;Risk Factors;Rural;Salivary;Serum;Sleep disturbances;Stress;Sun Exposure;Sunlight;Supplementation;Testing;Time;United States National Institutes of Health;Vitamin D;Vitamin D Deficiency;Vitamin D supplementation;Vitamins;Vulnerable Populations;Weight Gain;Woman;Women's Health;clinical care;cognitive development;critical period;experience;frontier;health care availability;health of the mother;high risk population;immunoregulation;improved;infant outcome;innovation;maternal depression;maternal stress;maternal weight;motherhood;neonatal sepsis;nutrition;prenatal;prevent;prospective;randomized placebo controlled trial;response;rural area;skin color;stress reduction;stressor
4 Address;Adult;American;Area;Behavior;Blood;Body Weight decreased;Categories;Cause of Death;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Chronic;Classification;Complex;Complications of Diabetes Mellitus;Consumption;Data;Development;Diabetes Mellitus;Diet;Dietary Practices;Dietary intake;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Disparity;Emotional;Ethnic Origin;Event;Experimental Designs;Exposure to;Fasting;Food;Gases;Gender;Gender Role;Genetic Variation;Glycosylated hemoglobin A;Goals;Health;Health Food;Health Promotion;Healthcare;Hispanic;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Immigration;Intervention;Interview;Laboratories;Laws;Life;Life Style;Location;Measures;Memory;Mental Health;Methods;Micronutrients;Modeling;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;Not Hispanic or Latino;Nutritional;Obesity;Overweight;Pacific Northwest;Patriarchies;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physical activity;Policies;Population;Populations at Risk;Prevalence;Psyche structure;Race;Research;Research Project Grants;Resources;Risk;Rural;Self Care;Services;Sex Orientation;Socioeconomic Status;Spottings;Stress;Structure;Surveys;System;Testing;Time;Trauma;Underrepresented Populations;United States;United States National Institutes of Health;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Woman;Women's Health;care giving burden;caregiving;data integration;diabetes control;diabetes prevention program;diabetes risk;diabetic;disability;disorder risk;emotional factor;ethnic minority;experience;food security;frontier;health care availability;health care service;health care service utilization;high risk;improved;innovation;lifestyle factors;male;men;mortality;mortality risk;non-diabetic;novel;nutrition;poor health outcome;prevent;programs;racial minority;social;trend
5 Address;Air;Ally;Americans with Disabilities Act;Anatomy;Anthropometry;Architecture;Area;Basal metabolic rate;Behavior;Behavioral;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological;Blood;Body Composition;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Clinical assessments;Complement;Data Analyses;Data Collection;Data Science;Dietary Assessment;Dietary Intervention;Dietetics;Disabled Persons;Discipline;Dryness;Engineering;Equipment;Faculty;Floor;Food;Future;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Health;Heating;Height;Hour;Idaho;Intervention Studies;Kinesiology;Laboratories;Light;Location;Malnutrition;Measurement;Metabolic;Microbiology;Nature;Nutrient;Nutritional;Nutritional Science;Nutritional Study;Nutritional status;Outcome;Physiological;Physiology;Pilot Projects;Privacy;Productivity;Psychology;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Roentgen Rays;Running;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Services;Sociology;Spectrum Analysis;Steam;Students;Surface;Symptoms;System;Technology;Universities;Urine;Water;Weight;Women's Health;experimental study;health assessment;human subject;improved;innovation;instrumentation;mass spectrometer;multidisciplinary;novel;nutrition;repaired;social;square foot;usability;ventilation
6 Advisory Committees;Affect;Annual Reports;Area;Award;Budgets;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Communication;Core Facility;Critiques;Development;Ensure;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Health Personnel;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Laboratories;Medical Education;Mentors;Nutritional Study;Phase;Pilot Projects;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Productivity;Qualifying;Ramp;Recommendation;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Risk;Rural;Scientist;Services;Technology;Underrepresented Populations;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vocational Guidance;Vulnerable Populations;Woman;Women's Health;Work;agricultural community;career development;evidence base;expectation;experience;faculty mentor;frontier;high risk;improved;innovation;interest;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;nutrition;programs;recruit;research and development;scientific organization
7 Adipose tissue;Aerobic Exercise;Age;American;Area;Behavior;Body Composition;Body Image;Body Weight;Body fat;Body mass index;Cardiovascular Diseases;Categories;Centers of Research Excellence;Classification;Clinical;Consumption;County;Dancing;Data;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Dietary intake;Dyslipidemias;Exercise;Female;Future;General Population;Goals;Health;Height;High Prevalence;Hormones;Hypertension;Idaho;Image;Individual;Inflammation;Intervention;Intervention Trial;Life Style;Literature;Measurement;Measures;Medical;Menstrual cycle;Metabolic;Metabolic syndrome;Metabolism;Methodology;Muscle;Non obese;Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus;Obesity;Older Population;Outcome;Oxidative Stress;Persons;Phase;Physical Exercise;Physical Fitness;Physical activity;Physiological;Population;Prediabetes syndrome;Premenopause;Prevalence;Proteins;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Project Grants;Rest;Risk;Rural;Rural Community;Testing;Thinness;Unhealthy Diet;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visceral;Weight;Woman;Women's Health;Work;aged;child bearing;college;community center;comorbidity;design;diet and exercise;dietary;emerging adult;epidemiology study;evidence base;exercise intervention;experience;fitness;frontier;girls;health care availability;improved;innovation;men;novel;nutrition;obese person;obesity risk;physical conditioning;poor health outcome;pressure;resistance exercise;rural area;systemic inflammatory response;young woman
8 2019-nCoV;Address;Antigen-Antibody Complex;Biological;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Research;COVID-19 pandemic;Cell model;Collaborations;Computational algorithm;Computer Models;Computing Methodologies;Dangerousness;Data;Differential Equation;Dimensions;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Equation;Equilibrium;Etiology;Europe;Event;Family;Generations;Hybrids;Idaho;Immune;Immune Targeting;Immune response;Immune system;Immunologic Factors;Immunotherapy;Infection;Influenza;Innate Immune System;Knowledge;Laboratory Finding;Machine Learning;Mathematics;Measures;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Morbidity - disease rate;Mus;Parameter Estimation;Pathology;Play;Predictive Value;Public Health;Public Policy;Rhinovirus;Role;Science;Scientist;Severities;Severity of illness;System;Techniques;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Training;Universities;Viral;Viral Respiratory Tract Infection;Virus;Virus Diseases;attenuation;biological systems;co-infection;complex biological systems;computational suite;computerized tools;data integration;design;experimental study;fictional works;high dimensionality;high reward;high risk;human disease;immunoregulation;improved;influenza infection;innovation;large datasets;machine learning algorithm;machine learning method;mathematical methods;mathematical model;mathematical sciences;mortality;novel;pandemic influenza;pathogenic virus;predictive modeling;prevent;respiratory;sound;theories
9 Bachelor's Degree;Biology;Biomedical Research;Communication;Environment;Financial Hardship;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Knowledge;Learning;Mentors;Pathway interactions;Research;Research Training;Science;Scientist;Self Assessment;Students;Surveys;Training Programs;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;Universities;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;matriculation;programs;recruit;transfer student;undergraduate research;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;university student
10 Adopted;Award;Awareness;Belief;Biology;Biomedical Research;COVID-19 pandemic;Child;Cognitive;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Complex;Computer software;Country;County;Data;Data Science;Development;Disease;Disease Outbreaks;Economics;Ecosystem;Education;Educational Materials;Environment;Evaluation;Feedback;Florida;Game Based Learning;Goals;Health;Heterogeneity;Hispanic;Idaho;Incidence;Income;Individual;Institution;Intelligence;Learning;Medical;Misinformation;Modeling;Molecular;Nonlinear Dynamics;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Pediatric Hospitals;Persons;Predisposition;Process;Property;Psyche structure;Psychological reinforcement;Public Health;Recommendation;Reproducibility;Risk;Rural;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Social Processes;Societal Factors;Students;System;Technology;Testing;Thinking;Trust;Universities;Vaccination;Virus;Visualization;career;combat;computer science;data literacy;design;digital tool;disinformation;economic disparity;education research;educational atmosphere;evidence base;experience;formal learning;game development;improved;infectious disease model;informal learning;innovation;instrument;interest;iterative design;literacy;multimodality;non-compliance;programs;remediation;science museum;science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine;simulation;skills;social;teacher;tool
11 Academia;Advanced Development;Area;Award;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Collaborations;Computers;Contracts;Core Facility;Data Collection;Development;Devices;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational workshop;Engineering;Equipment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Goals;Government;Growth;Human Resources;Idaho;Incentives;Industry;Infrastructure;Investments;Maintenance;Medical Device;Microfabrication;Optics;Performance;Personnel Management;Play;Printing;Privatization;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Role;Schedule;Science;Services;Structure;Students;System;Technology;Testing;Training;Universities;Validation;Work;applied biomedical research;biomedical resource;clinical translation;college;cost;data acquisition;electrical property;engineering design;fabrication;graduate student;improved;industry partner;innovation;instrument;instrumentation;materials science;mechanical device;meetings;operation;outreach;programs;prototype;sensor;skill acquisition;symposium;tool;training opportunity;voucher;web site
12 Affect;Athletic;Biomechanics;Bone Matrix;Communities;Computational algorithm;Cumulative Trauma Disorders;Data;Detection;Development;Diagnosis;Distal;Early Diagnosis;Early identification;Economics;Emerging Technologies;Engineering;Etiology;Evaluation;Foundations;Fracture;Goals;Health;Image;Incidence;Individual;Injury;Jogging;Joints;Knowledge;Lead;Leg;Lower Extremity;Measures;Mental Health;Military Personnel;Modality;Modeling;Motor Activity;Outcome;Pain;Participant;Patients;Personal Satisfaction;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Principal Component Analysis;Recording of previous events;Recovery;Recreation;Rehabilitation therapy;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Rest;Risk;Robotics;Running;Rupture;Science;Severities;Speed;Splint Device;Standardization;Statistical Models;Stress Fractures;Surface;Symptoms;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Tibial Fractures;Time;Torsion;Transducers;Ultrasonography;Vision;Walking;Work;accurate diagnosis;bone;career;diagnostic platform;electronic sensor;experience;flexible electronics;fracture risk;high risk population;improved;injured;injury prevention;innovation;long bone;longitudinal analysis;mechanical load;musculoskeletal injury;physical conditioning;portability;radiological imaging;radiologist;real time monitoring;repaired;stress reduction;tibia;ultrasound
13 Address;Affect;Age;Aged, 80 and over;Animal Disease Models;Behavior assessment;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Bluetooth;Brain;Brain Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical;Computer Models;Consumption;Custom;Data;Deep Brain Stimulation;Detection;Devices;Disease;Electric Stimulation;Engineering;Epilepsy;FDA approved;Funding;Goals;Implant;Intelligence;Knowledge;Laws;Machine Learning;Manuals;Measures;Memory impairment;Mental Depression;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Motor;Neurotoxins;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Oxidopamine;Pain;Parkinson Disease;Patients;Policies;Population;Protocols documentation;Radio;Rattus;Research;Research Methodology;Research Personnel;Rodent;Rodent Model;Science;Signal Transduction;Silicon;System;Technology;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Traumatic Brain Injury;Tremor;United States National Institutes of Health;Update;Work;density;design;effective therapy;energy efficiency;fabrication;flexibility;gait examination;improved;individualized medicine;innovation;integrated circuit;miniaturize;motor symptom;nervous system disorder;neural;neuroregulation;neurotechnology;neurotransmission;next generation;optimal treatments;programs;response;sensor;therapeutically effective;wireless
14 Address;Administrator;Area;Award;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Complex;Core Facility;Development;Devices;Discipline;Disease;Educational workshop;Engineering;Evaluation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Healthcare;Human;Idaho;Institution;Investigation;Kinesiology;Knowledge;Language;Leadership;Marketing;Medical Device;Mentors;Mentorship;Microfabrication;Pilot Projects;Printing;Publications;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Science;Scientist;Services;Structure;System;Testing;Training;Training Support;Universities;Writing;cohort;collaborative approach;college;data acquisition;design;experience;fabrication;improved;innovation;instrumentation;interest;meetings;multidisciplinary;new technology;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;sensor;voucher
15 3-Dimensional;Agreement;Area;Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head;Biomechanics;Biometry;Birth;Caregivers;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical;Clinical Research;Collection;Complication;Computer Analysis;Computer Models;Data;Data Collection;Data Reporting;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Devices;Disease;Dysplasia;Engineering;Equipment;Failure;Frequencies;Future;Goals;Hip Joint;Hip Osteoarthritis;Hip region structure;Home;Home environment;Hour;Human;Image;Industry Collaboration;Infant;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life;Manikins;Manuals;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Medical;Medical Device;Methods;Monitor;Motion;Movement;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pain;Patient Self-Report;Population;Positioning Attribute;Recommendation;Research;Risk;Science;Shapes;Supination;Testing;Textiles;Time;Treatment Failure;Validation;Work;body position;cost;design;early onset;fabrication;femur head;flexibility;foot;human subject;improved;in vitro testing;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;manufacturing capabilities;pressure sensor;research study;sensor;success;tool
16 Accounting;Address;Advisory Committees;Annual Reports;Area;Award;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Collection;Communities;Data;Development;Devices;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Expenditure;Exploratory/Developmental Grant for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Healthcare;Human;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Investments;Manuscripts;Medical Device;Mentors;Microfabrication;Office of Administrative Management;Performance;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Problem Solving;Professional Organizations;Program Research Project Grants;Program Reviews;Progress Reports;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schedule;Science;Scientist;Series;Services;Students;System;Talents;Technical Expertise;Testing;Time;Training;Training Technics;Travel;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career development;cohort;college;editorial;fabrication;global health;infrastructure development;instrumentation;interest;meetings;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;recruit;research and development;research faculty;response;sensor;success;summer internship;symposium;undergraduate student;voucher
17 3D Print;Acids;Adolescent;Adult;Affect;Age;Ballistics;Beds;Biomechanics;Bone Injury;Bone remodeling;Bone structure;Cattle;Ceramics;Clinic;Clinical;Cumulative Trauma Disorders;Defect;Deterioration;Development;Disease;Elderly;Engineering;Foundations;Fracture;Gel;Goals;Health;Hip Fractures;Human;Image;Imaging Techniques;Injury;Laboratories;Lasers;Life;Location;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Minor;Modeling;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Outcome Study;Patients;Persons;Polyurethanes;Porosity;Preventive treatment;Probability;Radiation;Radiometry;Research Personnel;Resolution;Risk;Sampling;Science;Signal Transduction;System;Techniques;Testing;Thermal Conductivity;Tissues;Tooth structure;United States;Variant;Visible Radiation;Vision;Weight-Bearing state;Work;X-Ray Computed Tomography;bisphosphonate;bone;bone health;common treatment;cost;demineralization;diagnostic platform;healing;improved;in vivo;normal aging;novel;optical imaging;particle;tool;treatment planning
18 <NA>
19 Address;Affect;Animals;Binding;Biological Process;Biology;Blood Vessels;Cell Communication;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell physiology;Cells;Collaborations;Complex;Data;Disease;EGF gene;Educational process of instructing;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Extracellular Matrix;FGF2 gene;Fibrosis;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth Factor;Health;Human;Hyperglycemia;Hypoxia;Individual;Integrins;Ligands;Link;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Biology;Mutation;NOTCH3 gene;Normal Range;Nuclear;Nuclear Translocation;Output;Pathologic;Phosphorylation;Physiological;Proteins;Publishing;Regulation;Research;Resveratrol;Role;Science;Signal Transduction;Site;Stimulus;Students;Sum;System;Testosterone;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Transforming Growth Factor beta;Tyrosine;Tyrosine Phosphorylation;Update;Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors;Vascular System;Work;angiogenesis;career;cell behavior;gamma secretase;graduate student;high school;notch protein;novel;programs;response;sensor;shear stress;skills;src-Family Kinases;undergraduate student
20 <NA>
21 Active Sites;Acyl Carrier Protein;Address;Affinity;Anti-Bacterial Agents;Bacteria;Bacterial Infections;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Bromides;Carrier Proteins;Cells;Chemicals;Core Protein;Coupling;Cysteine;Data;Development;Docking;Electrostatics;Enzymes;Fluorescence;Genetic Code;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Investigation;Kinetics;Label;Laboratories;Learning;Literature;Measures;Mediating;Medicine;Methods;Microbial Biofilms;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutation;Physiological;Positioning Attribute;Preparation;Process;Production;Proteins;Reaction;Reporting;Research;S-Adenosylhomocysteine;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Site;Specificity;Sulfhydryl Compounds;Titrations;Toxin;Tryptophan;Virulence;antimicrobial;crosslink;design;fluorophore;high throughput screening;homoserine lactone;in vivo;inhibitor;mutant;novel;prevent;quorum sensing;screening;single molecule;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool
22 Active Sites;Acyl Carrier Protein;Address;Affinity;Anti-Bacterial Agents;Bacteria;Bacterial Infections;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Bromides;Carrier Proteins;Cells;Chemicals;Core Protein;Coupling;Cysteine;Data;Development;Docking;Electrostatics;Enzymes;Fluorescence;Genetic Code;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Investigation;Kinetics;Label;Laboratories;Learning;Literature;Measures;Mediating;Medicine;Methods;Microbial Biofilms;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutation;Physiological;Positioning Attribute;Preparation;Process;Production;Proteins;Reaction;Reporting;Research;S-Adenosylhomocysteine;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Site;Specificity;Sulfhydryl Compounds;Titrations;Toxin;Tryptophan;Virulence;antimicrobial;crosslink;design;fluorophore;high throughput screening;homoserine lactone;in vivo;inhibitor;mutant;novel;prevent;quorum sensing;screening;single molecule;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool
23 <NA>
24 <NA>
25 Academic Research Enhancement Awards;Active Sites;Acyl Carrier Protein;Acyl Coenzyme A;Allosteric Site;Applications Grants;Bacteria;Binding;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Cell Communication;Cells;Chemicals;Coenzyme A;Coupling;Data;Diffuse;Docking;Environment;Enzymes;Exposure to;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Grant;High Pressure Liquid Chromatography;Home;Homocysteine;In Vitro;Institution;Interruption;Kinetics;Libraries;Maps;Mediating;Molecular;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;Outcome;Pathogenicity;Physicians;Pilot Projects;Population Density;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Research;Research Infrastructure;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Substrate Specificity;Testing;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Virulence;analog;biochemical tools;career;design;homoserine lactone;in vivo;infection rate;inhibitor;multi-drug resistant pathogen;novel;programs;quorum sensing;rational design;receptor;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool;undergraduate student
26 Acyl Coenzyme A;Applications Grants;Bacteria;Binding;Biomedical Research;Cell Communication;Cells;Chemicals;Coupling;Data;Environment;Enzymes;Foundations;Goals;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Home;Institution;Interruption;Physicians;Population Density;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Research;S-Adenosylhomocysteine;S-Adenosylmethionine;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Virulence;analog;design;homoserine lactone;infection rate;inhibitor;multi-drug resistant pathogen;novel;programs;quorum sensing;rational design;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool;undergraduate student
27 Address;Affect;Aneuploidy;Area;Axon;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Blindness;Brain;Brain region;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Death;Cell Nucleus;Cell Surface Receptors;Cell surface;Cellular biology;Cerebellum;Chromosome 16;Chromosome 21;Clinical;Cues;Cytoplasmic Tail;Data;Defect;Dendrites;Development;Disease;Down Syndrome;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Environment;Event;Eye;Foundations;Future;Gene Duplication;Gene Expression;Genes;Genetic;Genetic study;Goals;Hippocampus (Brain);Human Chromosomes;Idaho;In Vitro;Intervention;Knowledge;Link;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Mosaicism;Mus;Mutation;Nervous system structure;Neurites;Neurons;Neurophysiology - biologic function;Nuclear;Nuclear Translocation;Organ;Outcome;Pathology;Persons;Phenocopy;Phenotype;Phosphotransferases;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Proteins;Publications;Reagent;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Retina;Role;Schizophrenia;Scientist;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Signs and Symptoms;Specificity;Surface;Syndrome;System;Testing;Time;Tissues;Tyrosine Phosphorylation;Universities;Work;autism spectrum disorder;base;cell type;dosage;experience;experimental study;gain of function;human disease;loss of function;mouse Ts65Dn;mouse model;neurodevelopment;novel;overexpression;postnatal;prevent;receptor;relating to nervous system;response;retinal neuron
28 Acinar Cell;Adult;Back;Bar Codes;Beta Cell;Blood Vessels;Bone Marrow;Busulfan;Capsid;Cardiac;Cardiac Myocytes;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cardiovascular Physiology;Cardiovascular system;Cause of Death;Cell Lineage;Cells;Cellular biology;Clinical;Coupled;Cytoplasm;Cytoplasmic Granules;DNA cassette;Data;Dependovirus;Development;Duodenum;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Engineering;Enterobacteria phage P1 Cre recombinase;Enterocytes;Event;Genetic;Hair follicle structure;Hepatocyte;Hippocampus (Brain);Histologic;Homeostasis;In Situ Hybridization;Intravenous;Islets of Langerhans;Kidney;Knowledge;Label;Lead;Lentivirus;Lentivirus Vector;Mammals;Mediating;Methods;Microglia;Morphologic artifacts;Mus;Muscle Fibers;Mutation;Nature;Neurons;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Population;Process;Proteins;Purkinje Cells;Research Infrastructure;Resources;Serotyping;Source;Stomach;System;Tamoxifen;Testing;Tissues;Transgenes;Transgenic Mice;Tubular formation;Universities;Viral;Viral Proteins;Viral Vector;Virus;Wild Type Mouse;Work;base;cadherin 5;cell type;crypt cell;endothelial stem cell;experience;extracellular vesicles;follow-up;gene therapy;genetic technology;improved;in vivo;insight;interest;intravenous injection;novel;novel strategies;stem cells;therapeutic gene;tool;transdifferentiation;transgene delivery;transmission process;undergraduate research
29 Abdomen;Aedes;Anopheles Genus;Behavior;Behavioral;Biogenic Amine Receptors;Biogenic Amines;Biological Assay;Biology;Bite;Blood;Body Size;Brain;Brain region;Cerebral Malaria;Clinical;Clutch Size;Collaborations;Coma;Culicidae;Dangerousness;Data;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Enzymes;Falciparum Malaria;Feeding behaviors;Fertility;Future;Genes;Goals;Head;Histamine;Histamine Receptor;Histamine Release;Human;Hyperphenylalaninaemias;Infection;Ingestion;Insecta;Interruption;Intervention;Investments;Knowledge;Liver diseases;Longevity;Malaria;Maps;Mediating;Metabolism;Midgut;Modeling;Mus;Neuromodulator;Neurons;Parasite Control;Parasites;Parasitic infection;Pathology;Pattern;Pharmacotherapy;Physiological;Physiology;Plasma;Plasmodium berghei;Plasmodium falciparum;Plasmodium yoelii;Population;Publishing;Reporting;Reproduction;Resistance;Retina;Risk;Sensory;Serotonin;Severities;Signal Transduction;Sporozoites;Symptoms;Transcript;Tryptophan;Tyrosine;Vectorial capacity;Visual;antagonist;behavior influence;feeding;human disease;improved;innovation;insulin-like peptide;life history;mathematical model;mosquito-borne;neurophysiology;neurotransmission;novel;olfactory stimulus;receptor;receptor expression;reproductive;response;serotonin receptor;small molecule;success;trait;transmission process;treatment effect;vector mosquito;vector transmission;visual stimulus
30 Abdomen;Address;Aedes;Anopheles Genus;Behavior;Behavioral;Biogenic Amine Receptors;Biogenic Amines;Biological Assay;Biology;Bite;Blood;Brain;Brain region;Cerebrum;Clinical;Clutch Size;Collaborations;Coma;Culicidae;Dangerousness;Data;Development;Disease;Enzymes;Falciparum Malaria;Feeding behaviors;Fertility;Future;Genes;Goals;Histamine;Histamine Receptor;Histamine Release;Human;Hyperphenylalaninaemias;Infection;Ingestion;Insecta;Interruption;Intervention;Investments;Knowledge;Liver diseases;Longevity;Malaria;Maps;Mediating;Metabolism;Midgut;Modeling;Mus;Neuromodulator;Neurons;Parasite Control;Parasites;Parasitic infection;Pathology;Pattern;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiology;Plasma;Plasmodium berghei;Plasmodium falciparum;Plasmodium yoelii;Population;Publishing;Reporting;Reproduction;Resistance;Retina;Risk;Sensory;Serotonin;Signal Transduction;Sporozoites;Symptoms;Transcript;Tryptophan;Tyrosine;Vectorial capacity;Visual;antagonist;base;feeding;human disease;improved;innovation;insulin-like peptide;life history;mathematical model;mosquito-borne;neurophysiology;neurotransmission;novel;olfactory stimulus;receptor;receptor expression;reproductive;response;serotonin receptor;small molecule;success;trait;transmission process;treatment effect;vector mosquito;vector transmission;visual stimulus
31 3-Dimensional;Arts;Basic Science;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Bioreactors;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Coupled;Cues;Custom;Disease;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Equipment;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Growth;Health;Health Sciences;Idaho;Institution;Investigation;Investments;Link;Mechanics;Microscope;Microscopy;Molecular;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Orthopedics;Physiological;Pongidae;Positioning Attribute;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Science;System;Tissues;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;clinical application;college;extracellular;imaging system;innovation;instrument;live cell imaging;programs;rapid growth
32 Biomedical Research;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Fellowship;Funding;Funding Mechanisms;Future;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Institution;Mentors;Mentorship;Participant;Research;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;experience;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;programs;recruit;retention rate;statistics;student participation;success;transfer student;undergraduate research experience;university student
33 Biomedical Research;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Fellowship;Funding;Funding Mechanisms;Future;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Mentors;Mentorship;Participant;Research;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;experience;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;programs;recruit;retention rate;statistics;success;transfer student;undergraduate research experience;university student
34 3-Dimensional;Aging;Angiogenic Factor;Biochemical;Biocompatible Materials;Biology;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Coupling;Data;Development;Encapsulated;Endothelial Cells;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;FGF2 gene;Fibroins;Gel;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Human;Hydrogels;Image;In Vitro;Injury;Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;Mechanics;Mediating;Modeling;Morphology;Mus;Muscle;Muscle Development;Muscle Fibers;Musculoskeletal Development;Myoblasts;Myosin ATPase;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peptides;Phase;Process;Production;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Rattus;Silk;Skeletal Muscle;Stains;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Tyramine;Umbilical vein;Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors;Vascularization;crosslink;improved;in vitro Model;induced pluripotent stem cell;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;myogenesis;novel;programs;skeletal disorder;skeletal muscle differentiation;stem cell differentiation;stem cells;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
35 Affinity;Anti-Inflammatory Agents;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological Assay;Breast Cancer Patient;Breast Cancer cell line;Breast cancer metastasis;Cancer Etiology;Cell Survival;Cells;Cessation of life;Chromatography;Complex;Computer Models;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Detection;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Distant Metastasis;Docking;Drops;Education;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;Equipment;Event;FDA approved;Family;Fluorescence;Future;Goals;Human;In Vitro;Incentives;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Bowel Diseases;Interleukin-6;Intervention;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Localized Disease;Lupus;MDA MB 231;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Neoplasms;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Metastatic breast cancer;Modeling;Monoclonal Antibodies;Neoplasm Metastasis;Nonmetastatic;Nuclear Magnetic Resonance;Patients;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Prognosis;Property;Proteins;Public Health;Quality of life;Recurrence;Reporting;Research;Rheumatoid Arthritis;Role;Science;Sepsis;Serum;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Students;Survival Rate;System;Systemic Therapy;T47D;Testing;Therapeutic;Toxic effect;Training;Transitional Cell;Tumor Tissue;United States;United States National Institutes of Health;Western Blotting;Woman;analog;base;career;cytokine;design;detection method;drug development;epithelial to mesenchymal transition;experimental study;improved;in silico;in vitro testing;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;metastasis prevention;migration;nanomolar;neoplastic cell;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;oncostatin M;overexpression;patient prognosis;programs;receptor;receptor binding;scaffold;screening;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;small molecule libraries;therapeutic target;undergraduate student;wound healing
36 3-Dimensional;Adopted;Adoption;Algorithms;Anisotropy;Awareness;Behavior;Biological;Biomechanics;Cells;Chemicals;Collagen;Communities;Computer software;Confocal Microscopy;Congresses;Cytoskeleton;Dense Connective Tissue;Dependence;Devices;Documentation;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Fibroblasts;Fluorescence Microscopy;Future;Growth;Image;Intuition;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Length;Liver;Manuals;Mathematics;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Molecular;Muscle;Notification;Operating System;Optics;Parents;Periodicity;Property;Publications;Pythons;Research;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Science;Software Engineering;Software Tools;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Students;System;Testing;Textiles;Tissues;Universities;Validation;base;biological systems;cloud based;design;engineering design;image processing;imaging modality;improved;light microscopy;materials science;mechanical behavior;microscopic imaging;muscle engineering;preference;repaired;scaffold;soft tissue;software development;spatiotemporal;symposium;tool;tumor;two-dimensional
37 2019-nCoV;Active Learning;Adoption;Affect;Air;Animals;Antiviral Agents;Antiviral Response;Area;Argon;Atmospheric Pressure;Biological Assay;Biological Sciences;Cells;Charcoal;Chemicals;Clinical;Clostridium difficile;Communicable Diseases;Complex;Consumption;Containment;Coronavirus;Coronavirus Infections;Coupled;Crowding;Decontamination;Deposition;Devices;Disease;Disinfectants;Disinfection;Effectiveness;Engineering;Environment;Environmental Hazards;Equipment;Excision;Feline Calicivirus;Floor;Gases;Geometry;Goals;Government;Head;Health;Health Care Costs;Health Hazards;Healthcare;Hospitals;Hour;Human;Human Resources;Internships;Knowledge;Laboratories;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Motion;Murine hepatitis virus;Nitrogen;Norovirus;Outcome;Oxygen;Ozone;Paint;Pathway interactions;Plasma;Power Sources;Property;Public Health;Pump;Recovery;Reproduction spores;Research;Resources;Risk;Robot;Robotics;Sampling;Scanning;Scientist;Shapes;Societies;Solid;Structure;Suction;Surface;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Universities;Vaccines;Vacuum;Viral;Virus;air filtration;antimicrobial;arm;base;cost;cost effective;density;design;graduate student;health care settings;human coronavirus;improved;infection rate;meetings;methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus;mobile computing;new technology;novel;novel coronavirus;operation;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;pathogenic microbe;pathogenic virus;programs;public health relevance;response;robotic system;success;summer research;topical antiseptic;transmission process;undergraduate student;visual control;wasting
38 Affect;Antibiotic Therapy;Antibiotics;Atherosclerosis;Bacteria;Biological Assay;Biology;Blindness;Categories;Cell division;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chronic;Clinical;Collection;Data;Development;Developmental Gene;Diagnosis;Disease;Eukaryotic Cell;Excision;Eye Infections;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Growth;Hour;Human;Infection;Iron;Kinetics;Lead;Life Cycle Stages;Lifting;Link;Microscopic;Modeling;Molecular;Morbidity - disease rate;Nutrient;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pattern;Peptidoglycan;Persons;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Polyploidy;Process;Production;Reporter;Reporter Genes;Reporting;Reproductive Health;Respiratory Disease;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Starvation;Stress;System;Testing;Time;Trachoma;Treatment Failure;Tryptophan;Vertebrates;Women's Health;Zoonoses;cell type;chronic infection;design;environmental stressor;falls;human pathogen;inhibitor;live cell imaging;live cell microscopy;member;pathogenic bacteria;promoter;recurrent infection;response;transcriptome sequencing
39 Affect;Antibiotic Therapy;Antibiotics;Atherosclerosis;Bacteria;Biological Assay;Biology;Blindness;Categories;Cell division;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chronic;Clinical;Collection;Data;Development;Developmental Gene;Diagnosis;Disease;Eukaryotic Cell;Excision;Eye Infections;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Growth;Hour;Human;Infection;Iron;Kinetics;Lead;Life Cycle Stages;Lifting;Link;Lung diseases;Microscopic;Modeling;Molecular;Morbidity - disease rate;Nutrient;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pattern;Peptidoglycan;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Polyploidy;Process;Production;Reporter;Reporter Genes;Reporting;Reproductive Health;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Starvation;Stress;System;Testing;Time;Trachoma;Treatment Failure;Tryptophan;Vertebrates;Women's Health;Zoonoses;cell type;chronic infection;design;environmental stressor;falls;human pathogen;inhibitor/antagonist;live cell imaging;live cell microscopy;member;pathogenic bacteria;promoter;recurrent infection;response;transcriptome sequencing
40 5' Untranslated Regions;Address;Adrenal Cortex Hormones;Affect;Affinity;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biological;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Career Choice;Cells;Cicatrix;Code;Collagen;Collagen Type I;Development;Disease;Dissociation;Double-Stranded RNA;Electrostatics;Elements;Entropy;Environment;Exposure to;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Goals;Heart;Heart Diseases;Home;Homeostasis;Human;Human Pathology;Impaired wound healing;In Vitro;Inflammatory;Initiator Codon;Institution;Internships;Intestines;Kidney;Kinetics;Lead;Link;Liver;Liver diseases;Lung;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Mentors;Messenger RNA;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Target;Morbidity - disease rate;Mutation;Nucleotides;Organ;Outcome;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Production;Proteins;RNA;RNA Recognition Motif;RNA-Binding Proteins;Regulation;Regulatory Element;Research;Resolution;Resources;Rest;Site;Skin;Source;Structure;Students;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Training;Trans-Activators;Translational Regulation;Translations;Universities;Work;base;cis acting element;design;effective therapy;enthalpy;experience;extracellular;mortality;mutant;nanomolar;novel;novel therapeutics;programs;protein expression;recruit;repaired;side effect;stem;student training;summer research;translation assay;treatment strategy;undergraduate student
41 5' Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Affinity;Binding;Binding Proteins;Biomedical Research;Calorimetry;Cells;Cessation of life;Chronic;Code;Collagen;Collagen Type I;Developed Countries;Disease;Dissociation;Elements;Entropy;Fibrosis;Goals;Heart;Homeostasis;Initiator Codon;Intestines;Ions;Kidney;Kinetics;Lead;Liver;Luciferases;Lung;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Target;Mutation;NMR Spectroscopy;Organ;Organ failure;Pathologic;Production;Proteins;RNA;RNA-Binding Proteins;Regulation;Reporter;Resolution;Skin;Structure;System;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Titrations;Translation Initiation;Translations;Up-Regulation;Work;base;experience;extracellular;mutant;novel therapeutics;rational design;repaired;stem;undergraduate student;wound healing
42 Accounting;Address;Adoption;American;Caring;Characteristics;Clinical;Communities;Data Analyses;Data Set;Foundations;Funding;Future;Health;Individual;Intervention;Literature;Manuscripts;Measurement;Mental Health;Mental disorders;Methodology;Methods;Mission;National Institute of Mental Health;Outcome;Partner in relationship;Patient Care;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Personal Satisfaction;Pilot Projects;Population;Predictive Factor;Process;Provider;Publishing;Reference Values;Reporter;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;Sample Size;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Speed;System;Testing;Translations;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;behavioral health;community setting;cost;design;evidence base;experience;health care quality;health care settings;implementation design;implementation determinants;implementation research;implementation science;implementation strategy;implementation study;improved;interest;patient population;power analysis;predictive modeling;prevent;study characteristics;study population;tool
43 Accounting;Address;Adoption;American;Caring;Characteristics;Clinical;Communities;Data Analyses;Data Set;Foundations;Funding;Future;Health;Individual;Intervention;Literature;Manuscripts;Measurement;Mental Health;Mental disorders;Methodology;Methods;Mission;National Institute of Mental Health;Outcome;Partner in relationship;Patient Care;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Personal Satisfaction;Pilot Projects;Population;Predictive Factor;Process;Provider;Publishing;Reference Values;Reporter;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;Sample Size;Sampling;Science;Scientist;Speed;System;Testing;Translations;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;behavioral health;community setting;cost;design;evidence base;experience;health care quality;health care settings;implementation design;implementation determinants;implementation research;implementation science;implementation strategy;implementation study;improved;interest;patient population;power analysis;predictive modeling;prevent;study characteristics;study population;tool
44 Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller's cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Regenerative capacity;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;macrophage;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;novel;regenerative;regenerative approach;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
45 Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Central Nervous System;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Macrophage;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller's cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Regenerative capacity;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;neuron regeneration;novel;pharmacologic;regenerative;regenerative approach;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
46 Antibodies;Automobile Driving;Brain;Breast Cancer Cell;Breast Cancer Model;Breast Cancer Patient;Breast cancer metastasis;Cancer Biology;Cause of Death;Cell Count;Cells;Complex;Data;Detection;Development;Distant Metastasis;ERBB2 gene;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;Epithelial;Epithelium;Estrogen Receptor alpha;Estrogen receptor negative;Extracellular Matrix;FDA approved;Family;Female Breast Carcinoma;Fluorescence;Gene Expression;Goals;Human;Immunoprecipitation;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Interleukin 6 Receptor;Interleukin-6;Intervention;Knowledge;Label;Laboratories;Legal patent;Literature;Liver;Lung;Mammary Neoplasms;Measures;Mediating;Mediation;Mesenchymal;Metastatic Neoplasm to the Bone;Metastatic Neoplasm to the Lung;Metastatic breast cancer;Methods;Microscope;Neoplasm Circulating Cells;Neoplasm Metastasis;Organ;Osteolytic;Patients;Phenotype;Population;Production;Proteins;Publishing;Regulation;Research;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Role;STAT3 gene;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Spectrum Analysis;Survival Rate;T-Lymphocyte;Testing;Therapeutic;Tumor Cell Invasion;Western Blotting;Woman;Work;base;bone;cytokine;expectation;genetic manipulation;improved;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;macrophage;malignant breast neoplasm;metastatic process;monocyte;mouse model;neoplastic cell;neutralizing monoclonal antibodies;neutrophil;novel;novel therapeutics;oncostatin M;patient population;progesterone receptor negative;receptor;targeted treatment;translational impact;triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma;tumor;tumor microenvironment
47 Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller's cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Regenerative capacity;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;macrophage;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;novel;regenerative;regenerative approach;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
48 Adolescent;Biological;CRISPR/Cas technology;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Extracts;Color;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Data Set;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Disease;Exhibits;Fishes;Follow-Up Studies;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hormone use;Human;Human X Chromosome;In Situ Hybridization;In Vitro;Individual;Injury;Knock-out;Knowledge;Locus Control Region;Maintenance;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Neurons;Opsin;Organism;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Phototransduction;Population;Process;Public Health;RXR;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Research;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Role;Testing;Thyroid Hormone Receptor;Thyroid Hormones;Validation;Zebrafish;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;chromatin remodeling;combinatorial;differential expression;gain of function;gene therapy;hormonal signals;insight;loss of function;member;receptor;response;single-cell RNA sequencing;synaptogenesis;tool;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;treatment strategy;vision science
49 Adolescent;Biological;CRISPR/Cas technology;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Extracts;Cells;Color;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Data Set;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Disease;Exhibits;Fishes;Follow-Up Studies;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hormone use;Human;Human X Chromosome;In Situ Hybridization;In Vitro;Individual;Injury;Knock-out;Knowledge;Locus Control Region;Maintenance;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Neurons;Opsin;Organism;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Phototransduction;Population;Process;Public Health;RXR;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Research;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Role;Testing;Thyroid Hormone Receptor;Thyroid Hormones;Validation;Zebrafish;base;cell type;chromatin remodeling;combinatorial;differential expression;gain of function;gene therapy;hormonal signals;insight;loss of function;member;receptor;response;single-cell RNA sequencing;synaptogenesis;tool;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;treatment strategy;vision science
50 Adolescent;Biological;CRISPR/Cas technology;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Extracts;Color;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Data Set;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Disease;Exhibits;Fishes;Follow-Up Studies;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hormone use;Human;Human X Chromosome;In Situ Hybridization;In Vitro;Individual;Injury;Knock-out;Knowledge;Locus Control Region;Maintenance;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Neurons;Opsin;Organism;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Phototransduction;Population;Process;Public Health;RXR;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Research;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Role;Testing;Thyroid Hormone Receptor;Thyroid Hormones;Validation;Zebrafish;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;chromatin remodeling;combinatorial;differential expression;gain of function;gene therapy;hormonal signals;insight;loss of function;member;receptor;response;single-cell RNA sequencing;synaptogenesis;tool;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;treatment strategy;vision science
51 Acute;Affect;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Characteristics;Comparative Study;Data;Disease;Foundations;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Gliosis;Goals;Growth;Health;Heterogeneity;Histologic;Human;Immune;Immune response;Infiltration;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Injury;Intervention;Knowledge;Lesion;Mammals;Measures;Mediating;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Muller's cell;Natural regeneration;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neuroglia;Neurons;Organism;Outcome;Participant;Pathologic;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Peripheral;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Population;Population Heterogeneity;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Reaction;Research;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;Shapes;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Vesicle;Vision;Work;Zebrafish;cell type;cytotoxic;design;healing;macrophage;mutant;neuroinflammation;neuron loss;novel;regenerative;repaired;response;retinal damage;retinal neuron;retinal regeneration;targeted treatment;tool;trafficking;transcriptome;wound healing
52 AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Cell Adhesion;Cell Communication;Cells;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Surface;Techniques;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Ursidae Family;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;brain cell;combat;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;tool
53 AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Cell Adhesion;Cell Communication;Cells;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Persons;Pharmacology;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Surface;Techniques;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Ursidae Family;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;brain cell;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;tool
54 AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Blood brain barrier dysfunction;Cell Adhesion Inhibition;Cell Communication;Cell Separation;Cells;Central Nervous System;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Persons;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Techniques;Testing;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;gene repression;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;pharmacologic;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;surface coating;tool
55 AKT2 gene;Acute;Adhesions;Animal Model;Basement membrane;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Blood Vessels;Cell Adhesion;Cell Communication;Cells;Central Nervous System Diseases;Collagen Type IV;Cues;Data;Dementia;Demyelinating Diseases;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;FOXO1A gene;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Transfer;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hemorrhage;Histopathology;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Interleukin-1 beta;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Modeling;Molecular;Multiple Sclerosis;Nerve Degeneration;Neuraxis;Neuronal Dysfunction;Pathogenicity;Pathologic;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Physiological;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Stroke;Surface;Techniques;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Therapeutic;Tight Junctions;Tissues;Transgenic Mice;Translating;Traumatic Brain Injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Ursidae Family;Work;autocrine;biglycan;blood-brain barrier function;brain cell;cost;decorin;experimental study;expression vector;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;multiple sclerosis patient;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;overexpression;preservation;prevent;screening;seal;solute;tool
56 Actins;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Structure;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proliferating;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;mimetics;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;transmission process;vibration
57 Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cues;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
58 Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
59 Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cues;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
60 Actins;Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Differentiation and Growth;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;base;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;vibration
61 Address;Affect;Age;Aging;Bed rest;Bone Marrow;Cell Nucleus;Cell physiology;Chromatin;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Failure;Foundations;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;Knowledge;Lead;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Musculoskeletal;Nuclear;Obesity;Osteoporosis;Perception;Physical activity;Prevention;Process;Quality of life;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;aged;base;bone;design;effective therapy;improved;interest;mechanotransduction;novel;parent grant;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;stem cell aging;stem cells
62 Actins;Affect;Age;Aging;Architecture;Attenuated;Bed rest;Binding;Bone Marrow;Cell Aging;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Chemicals;Chromatin;Clinical;Communication;Communities;Complex;Cytoskeleton;Data;Disabled Persons;Disease;Effectiveness;Elements;Environment;Exercise;F-Actin;Failure;Foundations;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Health;Impaired healing;Impairment;In Vitro;Individual;Inferior;Knowledge;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Medical Care Costs;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Modality;Molecular;Mus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Natural regeneration;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Structure;Nuclear Translocation;Obesity;Osteogenesis;Osteoporosis;Perception;Phenotype;Physical activity;Prevalence;Prevention;Process;Proliferating;Proteins;Quality of life;Recovery;Regenerative Medicine;Regenerative capacity;Reporting;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Site;Skeleton;Source;Stimulus;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Tissues;Transcriptional Regulation;Transducers;Weight-Bearing state;age related;aged;bone;bone quality;design;effective therapy;improved;in vivo;interest;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;mimetics;novel;osteogenic;preservation;prevent;regeneration potential;regenerative;response;skeletal;stem cell aging;stem cell function;stem cell growth;stem cell proliferation;stem cells;transmission process;vibration
63 Academic Research Enhancement Awards;Address;Affinity;Amino Acid Sequence;Animals;Binding;Biochemistry;Biology;Cells;Cellular biology;ChIP-seq;Complex;Coupled;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA Sequence;DNA-Binding Proteins;Data;Dimensions;Dimerization;Disease;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Head;Health;Heterodimerization;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Molecular;Mutate;Organism;Output;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Procedures;Reporting;Research;Research Technics;Schedule;Signal Transduction;Students;System;Testing;Training;Transcript;Transcription Coactivator;Universities;base;dimer;experimental study;fundamental research;graduate student;high school;human disease;human tissue;improved;knowledge base;mammalian genome;monomer;notch protein;novel;preference;promoter;research and development;restraint;transcription factor;undergraduate student
64 ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
65 ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
66 ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
67 ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;rational design;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
68 ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;design;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
69 ATP Hydrolysis;Affect;Binding;Binding Sites;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Biophysics;Cancerous;Cell physiology;Cells;Client;Complex;Cystic Fibrosis;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Ensure;Exhibits;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Growth;Heat-Shock Proteins 90;Malignant Neoplasms;Mediating;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Molecular Disease;Multiprotein Complexes;Mutate;Mutation;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nucleotides;Oncogenic;Outcome;Pathway interactions;Play;Proteins;Proteomics;Role;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Testing;Toxic effect;Yeasts;human disease;in vivo;inhibitor;innovation;misfolded protein;mutant;novel;protein folding;rational design;tool;tumor progression;ubiquitin ligase
70 Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
71 Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;protein structure;sex
72 Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
73 Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;base;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
74 Affect;Affinity;Age;Animals;Binding;Biological;Cataract;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cholesterol;Crystalline Lens;Crystallins;Cytoplasm;Development;Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy;Eye;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Knowledge;Lead;Lecithin;Lipids;Measurement;Membrane;Membrane Lipids;Methods;Modeling;Mole the mammal;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Nuclear;Phosphatidylethanolamine;Phosphatidylserines;Phospholipids;Physical assessment;Physiological;Play;Property;Proteins;Race;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Role;Sampling;Sphingomyelins;Structural Protein;Techniques;Testing;Work;age group;age related;alpha-Crystallins;aqueous;experience;fiber cell;fluidity;insight;lens;lens transparency;light scattering;membrane model;oxygen transport;physical property;prevent;sex
75 3-Dimensional;Affect;Algorithms;Anabolism;Behavior;Biocompatible Materials;Bioreactors;Blood Vessels;Cells;Chronic;Collagen;Competence;Complex;Connective Tissue;Connective and Soft Tissue;Cues;Data;Dense Connective Tissue;Development;Dimensions;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Exposure to;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Fibroblasts;Gene Expression;Goals;Growth;Guidelines;Hospitals;Human;Incidence;Individual;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Ligaments;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mediating;Modeling;Modulus;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Natural regeneration;Network-based;Outcome;Periodicity;Production;Productivity;Proteins;Public Health;Quality of life;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Role;Scientist;Shapes;Stimulus;Stress;Surface;Tendon structure;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;United States;Universities;Validation;Visit;Work;Workplace;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;clinical practice;conditioning;cost;density;design;effective therapy;evidence base;experimental study;functional restoration;healing;improved;in vivo;injured;kinematics;mathematical model;mechanical behavior;mechanical properties;novel;predictive modeling;preservation;regenerative;repaired;scaffold;soft tissue;stress state;undergraduate student
76 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;digital health;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation efforts;implementation intervention;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;pilot test;provider behavior;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
77 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Behavior;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
78 Caring;Clinical;Communities;Complex;Data;Evidence based practice;Failure;Funding;Healthcare;Infrastructure;Intervention;Interview;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Methods;Organizational Change;Outcome;Parents;Policies;Public Health;Randomized Controlled Trials;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Scientist;Supervision;Techniques;Testing;United States National Institutes of Health;Variant;Work;Workforce Development;Workplace;Youth;base;career;clinical practice;cost;design;digital;experimental study;implementation strategy;improved;infrastructure development;innovation;organizational climate;programs;psychosocial;randomized trial;theories
79 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;digital health;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation efforts;implementation intervention;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;provider behavior;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
80 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;digital health;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation efforts;implementation intervention;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;pilot test;provider behavior;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
81 Accounting;Address;Administrator;Adopted;Age;Algorithms;Behavior;Big Data;Caring;Child Mental Health;Childhood;Climate;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Communities;Computer software;Consultations;Country;Data;Diagnosis;Electronic Health Record;Evidence based practice;Exhibits;Expenditure;Feedback;Funding;Health Services;Health Technology;Health system;Impairment;Income;Infrastructure;Intervention;Investments;Leadership;Link;Measurement;Mediating;Medical;Mental Health;Mental Health Services;Mental disorders;Modality;Motivation;Organizational Change;Outcome;Outpatients;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Pattern;Personal Satisfaction;Phase;Protocols documentation;Provider;Psychotherapy;Randomized Controlled Trials;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Service setting;Services;Social Environment;Symptoms;System;Testing;Time;Training;Training Programs;Treatment outcome;United States National Institutes of Health;Youth;base;behavior change;behavioral health;burden of illness;care systems;career;community setting;digital;disability;effective intervention;evidence base;experience;implementation strategy;improved;improved outcome;leadership development;mortality;organizational climate;randomized trial;social;social organization;symptomatic improvement;theories
82 Anatomy;Biological Markers;Biomechanics;Brain;Brain Stem;Cardiac;Cerebellar tonsil;Cerebrospinal Fluid;Chiari Malformation Type 1;Clinical;Clinical Management;Common Data Element;Data;Diagnosis;Diagnostic;Diagnostic radiologic examination;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Etiology;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Headache;Image;Image Analysis;Incidental Findings;Lead;Left;Location;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Morphology;Motion;Multicenter Studies;Neuraxis;Obstruction;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Patients;Phase;Physicians;Positioning Attribute;Posterior Fossa;Publications;Research;Research Project Grants;Spinal Cord;Stretching;Symptoms;Techniques;Testing;Tissues;Tonsil;United States National Institutes of Health;Vertebral column;Work;base;brain tissue;bulk motion;common symptom;cost;foramen magnum;high risk;malformation;member;nervous system disorder;novel;operation;overtreatment;pressure;relating to nervous system;skull base;success;symptomatic improvement;tissue stress;tool
83 Anatomy;Biological Markers;Biomechanics;Brain;Brain Stem;Cardiac;Cerebellar tonsil;Cerebrospinal Fluid;Chiari Malformation Type 1;Clinical;Clinical Management;Common Data Element;Data;Diagnosis;Diagnostic;Diagnostic radiologic examination;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Etiology;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Headache;Image;Incidental Findings;Lead;Left;Location;Magnetic Resonance Imaging;Measurement;Measures;Morphology;Motion;Multicenter Studies;Neuraxis;Obstruction;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Patients;Phase;Physicians;Positioning Attribute;Posterior Fossa;Publications;Research;Research Project Grants;Spinal Cord;Stretching;Symptoms;Techniques;Testing;Tissues;Tonsil;United States National Institutes of Health;Vertebral column;Work;base;brain tissue;bulk motion;common symptom;cost;foramen magnum;high risk;malformation;member;nervous system disorder;novel;operation;overtreatment;pressure;relating to nervous system;skull base;success;symptomatic improvement;tissue stress;tool
84 Antibiotics;Antimicrobial Resistance;Atherosclerosis;Back;Bacteria;Binding;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological Assay;Blindness;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cells;Chemicals;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chromosomes;Complex;DNA-Binding Proteins;Data;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Environment;Environmental Risk Factor;Equilibrium;Etiology;Eukaryotic Cell;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Growth;Histone H1;Histones;Homologous Gene;Hour;Indiana;Infection;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Lung diseases;Maps;Microbial Antibiotic Resistance;Molecular;Mutagenesis;Organism;PAWR protein;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Penicillins;Phase;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Process;Production;Proteins;Regulation;Reporter;Role;Sexually Transmitted Agents;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Signal Transduction;Suppressor Mutations;Temperature;Time;Trachoma;Translations;Universities;Untranslated RNA;Viral;Work;Zoonoses;cell type;genetic approach;genome sequencing;human pathogen;live cell imaging;man;mutant;new therapeutic target;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;programs;targeted treatment;temperature sensitive mutant;therapeutic target;whole genome
85 Antibiotics;Antimicrobial Resistance;Atherosclerosis;Back;Bacteria;Binding;Biochemical;Biochemistry;Biological Assay;Blindness;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cells;Chemicals;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chlamydiales;Chlamydophila pneumoniae;Chlamydophila psittaci;Chromosomes;Complex;DNA-Binding Proteins;Data;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Environment;Environmental Risk Factor;Equilibrium;Etiology;Eukaryotic Cell;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Growth;Histone H1;Histones;Homologous Gene;Hour;Indiana;Infection;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Lung diseases;Maps;Microbial Antibiotic Resistance;Molecular;Mutagenesis;One-Step dentin bonding system;Organism;PAWR protein;Parasites;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Penicillins;Phase;Phenotype;Pneumonia;Process;Production;Proteins;Regulation;Reporter;Role;Sexually Transmitted Agents;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Signal Transduction;Suppressor Mutations;Temperature;Time;Trachoma;Translations;Universities;Untranslated RNA;Viral;Work;Zoonoses;cell type;genetic approach;genome sequencing;human pathogen;live cell imaging;man;mutant;new therapeutic target;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;programs;targeted treatment;temperature sensitive mutant;therapeutic target;whole genome
86 Accidental Falls;Adopted;Adult;Affect;Age;Age-Years;Aging;Anatomy;Arthralgia;Articular Range of Motion;Automobile Driving;Biomechanics;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cognitive;Competence;Data;Data Set;Elderly;Environmental Hazards;Equilibrium;Floor;Foundations;Friction;Funding;Gait;Goals;Human;Impaired cognition;Impairment;Injury;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joint Laxity;Joints;Knee;Knee joint;Link;Lower Extremity;Measures;Modeling;Motion;Movement;Muscle;Muscle Weakness;Musculoskeletal;Musculoskeletal System;Neuromechanics;Obesity;Older Population;Operative Surgical Procedures;Patients;Physiological;Polishes;Prevalence;Principal Component Analysis;Prospective Studies;Reaction;Recurrence;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Speed;Surface;Techniques;Therapeutic Intervention;Three-Dimensional Imaging;Training Programs;Translational Research;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Walking;Weight-Bearing state;Work;age effect;aged;aging population;balance testing;cartilage degradation;cognitive change;cohort;cost;experience;fall risk;falls;hazard;high risk;improved;innovation;insight;kinematics;knee mechanics;knee replacement arthroplasty;muscle strength;neuromuscular;response;young adult
87 Ablation;Address;Advanced Development;Aftercare;Animals;Area;Argon;Atmospheric Pressure;Bacteria;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biomedical Engineering;Burn injury;Collagen;Colony-forming units;Complex;Computational algorithm;Computers;Confocal Microscopy;Conscious;Debridement;Development;Devices;Diabetes Mellitus;Ear;Education;Engineering;Environment;Excision;Family suidae;Fluorescence;Fluorescence Microscopy;Glass;Goals;Health Care Costs;Healthcare;Histology;Hybrids;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Techniques;In Vitro;Interdisciplinary Study;Internships;Ions;Knowledge;Location;Measures;Medical Device;Mentors;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Necrosis;Operative Surgical Procedures;Outcome;Oxygen;Pain;Patient-Focused Outcomes;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Positioning Attribute;Procedures;Process;Protocols documentation;Pseudomonas;Public Health;Reactive Oxygen Species;Readiness;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resolution;Robotics;Sampling;Science;Site;Solid;Source;Stains;Staphylococcus aureus;Stream;Surface;System;Techniques;Time;Tissue Model;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Training;Trypan Blue;Vascular Diseases;Width;Wound Infection;arm;career;cell killing;chronic wound;cost;design;experimental study;graduate student;healing;histological specimens;imaging system;improved;in vivo;instrument;light microscopy;matrigel;microbial;microscopic imaging;novel therapeutics;optical imaging;pain reduction;portability;public health relevance;research and development;response;scalpel;success;summer research;undergraduate student;wound
88 Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mammary;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;preventive intervention;protein metabolite;virtual
89 Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Partner in relationship;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Preventive Intervention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;protein metabolite;virtual
90 Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Preventive Intervention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;protein metabolite;virtual
91 Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Partner in relationship;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Preventive Intervention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogen;prevent;protein metabolite;virtual
92 Address;Affect;American;Animal Welfare;Animals;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Behavioral;Biological Markers;Breast;Breast Feeding;Cattle;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Culture Media;DNA sequencing;Development;Disease;Economic Burden;Economics;Etiology;Exclusive Breastfeeding;Fingerprint;Functional disorder;Future;Gland;Goals;Growth;Health;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Industry;Infant;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Lactation;Light;Machine Learning;Mammary gland;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolism;Methods;Microbe;Microbiology;Milk;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular;Mothers;Newborn Infant;Outcome;Pain;Pattern;Phenotype;Postpartum Period;Prevention;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Risk Factors;Sampling;Structure;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Time;Variant;Woman;Work;bacterial community;case control;cost;design;dysbiosis;experience;high risk;inflammatory marker;inflammatory milieu;macromolecule;mammary;mastitis;mathematical model;meetings;metabolome;metabolomics;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;milk microbiome;milk production;multiple omics;nutrition;offspring;pathogenic bacteria;prevent;preventive intervention;protein metabolite;virtual
93 Agriculture;Alfalfa;Biological Monitoring;COVID-19;Child;Clinic;Crossover Design;Data;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Enrollment;Ensure;Exposure to;Far East;First Pregnancy Trimester;Food;Funding;Genetic Engineering;Grant;Herbicides;Idaho;Infant;Informed Consent;Institutional Review Boards;Instruction;K-Series Research Career Programs;Location;Maps;Measurement;Measures;Modification;Oregon;Organic Food;Participant;Pregnant Women;Procedures;Protocols documentation;Randomized;Research Personnel;Resistance;Rivers;Sampling;Seasons;Series;Snakes;Source;Students;Toxic effect;Urine;Woman;agricultural community;cohort;design;dietary;exposed human population;falls;glyphosate;interest;meetings;pesticide exposure;recruit;sample collection;success
94 Agriculture;Agrochemicals;Animals;Area;Biological;Biological Monitoring;Birth;Carcinogens;Child;Cohort Studies;Consensus;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Excretory function;Exposure to;Faculty;Food;Formulation;Frequencies;Funding;Future;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Half-Life;Health;Herbicides;Human;Individual;International Agency for Research on Cancer;Intervention;Literature;Location;Measurement;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Modification;Neurologic;Organic Food;Outcome;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pesticides;Plants;Population;Pregnancy Trimesters;Pregnant Women;Publishing;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resistance;Roundup;Sampling;Science;Second Pregnancy Trimester;Soil;Source;Spottings;Surface;Third Pregnancy Trimester;Toxic effect;Toxicology;Training;Urine;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Water;Woman;agricultural pesticide;base;cohort;exposed human population;glyphosate;ground water;improved;individual variation;member;offspring;prenatal exposure;recruit;repository;sample collection;training opportunity;urban area;urinary
95 Agriculture;Agrochemicals;Animals;Area;Biological;Biological Monitoring;Birth;Carcinogens;Child;Cohort Studies;Consensus;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Excretory function;Exposure to;Faculty;Food;Formulation;Frequencies;Funding;Future;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Half-Life;Health;Herbicides;Human;Individual;International Agency for Research on Cancer;Intervention;Literature;Location;Measurement;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Modification;Neurologic;Organic Food;Outcome;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pesticides;Plants;Population;Pregnancy Trimesters;Pregnant Women;Publishing;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resistance;Roundup;Sampling;Science;Second Pregnancy Trimester;Soil;Source;Spottings;Surface;Third Pregnancy Trimester;Toxic effect;Toxicology;Training;Urine;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Water;Woman;agricultural pesticide;base;cohort;exposed human population;glyphosate;ground water;improved;individual variation;member;offspring;prenatal exposure;recruit;repository;sample collection;training opportunity;urban area;urinary
96 Agriculture;Agrochemicals;Animals;Area;Biological;Biological Monitoring;Birth;Carcinogens;Child;Cohort Studies;Consensus;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Excretory function;Exposure to;Faculty;Food;Formulation;Frequencies;Funding;Future;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Half-Life;Health;Herbicides;Human;Individual;International Agency for Research on Cancer;Intervention;Literature;Location;Measurement;Measures;Mentors;Mentorship;Modification;Neurologic;Organic Food;Outcome;Participant;Pathway interactions;Pesticides;Plants;Population;Pregnancy Trimesters;Pregnant Women;Publishing;Randomized;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resistance;Roundup;Sampling;Science;Second Pregnancy Trimester;Soil;Source;Spottings;Surface;Third Pregnancy Trimester;Toxic effect;Toxicology;Training;Urine;Variant;Vulnerable Populations;Water;Woman;agricultural pesticide;base;cohort;exposed human population;glyphosate;ground water;improved;individual variation;member;offspring;prenatal exposure;recruit;repository;sample collection;training opportunity;urban area;urinary
97 Age related macular degeneration;Blindness;Cell physiology;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Clinical;Collaborations;Color Visions;Communities;Cone;Development;Disease;Embryo;Event;Funding;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Human;In Situ Hybridization;Injury;Label;Laboratories;Lead;Lesion;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Natural regeneration;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Patients;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Property;Protocols documentation;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Reporting;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinitis Pigmentosa;Retinoid Receptor;Retinoids;Series;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Transplantation;Treatment Protocols;Vertebrates;Zebrafish;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;extracellular;gene replacement therapy;gene therapy;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;imaging approach;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;loss of function;photoreceptor progenitor;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;retinal rods;small molecule;stem cell differentiation;transcriptome sequencing;vision science
98 1q23;1q42;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biological Neural Networks;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;combat;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
99 1q23;1q42;3-Dimensional;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosome 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Gene Silencing;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;combat;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;neural network;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
100 1q23;1q42;3-Dimensional;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosome 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Gene Silencing;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;neural network;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
101 1q23;1q42;3-Dimensional;Affect;Automobile Driving;Basement membrane;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Birth;Blindness;Blood Vessels;Brain;CCCTC-binding factor;Cells;Child;Chromosomal Breaks;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1;Clinical;Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Defect;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Endothelial Cells;Extracellular Matrix;Family;Fostering;Gene Silencing;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Human;Immune response;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Link;Lytic Phase;Maps;Mental Retardation;Microcephaly;Morphogenesis;Mutation;Myelin P0 Protein;Nerve Sheaths;Neurons;Newborn Infant;Organism;Parents;Pathway interactions;Peripheral Nervous System;Play;Pregnancy;Prevention;Proteins;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Schwann Cells;Sensorineural Hearing Loss;Site;Source;System;Testing;Time;Tissue Sample;Tissues;Translating;Viral;Viral Proteins;Virus;Virus Diseases;combat;congenital infection;early childhood;experimental study;extracellular;knock-down;migration;nerve stem cell;neural network;nidogen-1;optic cup;prevent;promoter;protein degradation;protein expression;tissue culture
102 70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases;Address;Adult;Cell Hypoxia;Cells;Chondrocytes;Cleaved cell;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Collagen Type I;Defect;Dermal;Development;Differentiation Antigens;Engineering;Enzymes;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Extracellular Space;FRAP1 gene;Fibroblasts;Foundations;Gelatinase A;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Growth Factor;Human;Hypoxia Inducible Factor;In Vitro;Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway;Interstitial Collagenase;Knockout Mice;MMP-20;Matrix Metalloproteinases;Mechanics;Mesenchymal;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Motion;Musculoskeletal;Normal tissue morphology;Osteoblasts;Pathway interactions;Periodicity;Play;Porifera;Production;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Role;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Stimulus;Structure;Tendon Injuries;Tendon structure;Testing;Time;Tissue Engineering;Tissues;bHLH-PAS factor HLF;base;cell type;clinical translation;early embryonic stage;experimental study;fibrillogenesis;healing;in vivo;injured;innovation;insight;mechanical load;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;regenerative therapy;response;scaffold;stem cell differentiation;tendon development;tissue regeneration
103 70-kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases;Address;Adult;Cell Hypoxia;Cells;Chondrocytes;Cleaved cell;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Collagen Type I;Defect;Dermal;Development;Differentiation Antigens;Engineering;Enzymes;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Extracellular Space;FRAP1 gene;Fibroblasts;Foundations;Gelatinase A;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Growth Factor;Human;Hypoxia Inducible Factor;In Vitro;Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Pathway;Interstitial Collagenase;Knockout Mice;MMP-20;Matrix Metalloproteinases;Mechanics;Mesenchymal;Mesenchymal Differentiation;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Motion;Musculoskeletal;Normal tissue morphology;Osteoblasts;Pathway interactions;Periodicity;Play;Porifera;Production;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Regulation;Role;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Stimulus;Structure;Tendon Injuries;Tendon structure;Testing;Time;Tissue Engineering;Tissues;bHLH-PAS factor HLF;base;cell type;clinical translation;early embryonic stage;experimental study;fibrillogenesis;healing;in vivo;injured;innovation;insight;mechanical load;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;novel;osteogenic;regenerative therapy;response;scaffold;stem cell differentiation;tendon development;tissue regeneration
104 Academic achievement;Adolescence;Adolescent;Adolescent Behavior;Adoption;Age;Alcohol consumption;Alcohols;Belief;Brain;Computers;Data;Decision Making;Development;Effectiveness of Interventions;Emotional;Emotions;Evidence based program;Feedback;Goals;Heavy Drinking;High School Student;Informal Social Control;Intervention;Mediating;National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;Online Systems;Outcome;Pattern;Persons;Population;Process;Public Health;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Schools;Social Problems;Students;Subgroup;Surveys;Teenagers;Testing;Time;Training;Treatment Efficacy;United States;Work;Youth;age group;aged;alcohol expectancy;alcohol intervention;alcohol related consequences;alcohol use initiation;base;brief intervention;college;cost effective;drinking;emerging adulthood;high school;improved;intervention cost;junior high school;longitudinal design;neuroimaging;normative feedback;peer;programs;psychosocial;reduced alcohol use;sex;skills;social;twelfth grade;underage drinking;underage drinking reduction;university student;young adult
105 Academic achievement;Adolescence;Adolescent;Adolescent Behavior;Adoption;Age;Alcohol consumption;Alcohols;Belief;Brain;Computers;Data;Decision Making;Development;Effectiveness of Interventions;Emotional;Emotions;Evidence based program;Feedback;Goals;Heavy Drinking;High School Student;Informal Social Control;Intervention;Mediating;National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;Online Systems;Outcome;Pattern;Persons;Population;Process;Public Health;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Schools;Social Problems;Students;Subgroup;Surveys;Teenagers;Testing;Time;Training;Treatment Efficacy;United States;Work;Youth;age group;aged;alcohol expectancy;alcohol intervention;alcohol related consequences;alcohol use initiation;base;brief intervention;college;cost effective;drinking;emerging adulthood;high school;improved;intervention cost;junior high school;longitudinal design;neuroimaging;normative feedback;peer;programs;psychosocial;reduced alcohol use;sex;skills;social;twelfth grade;underage drinking;underage drinking reduction;university student;young adult
106 Acute;Address;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Comorbidity;Country;Data;Defect;Endothelium;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitalization;Human;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-3;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
107 Acute;Address;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Country;Data;Defect;Endothelium;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Epithelium;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitalization;Human;IL3 Gene;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;comorbidity;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;intestinal barrier;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
108 Acute;Address;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Country;Data;Defect;Endothelium;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitalization;Human;IL3 Gene;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;comorbidity;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;intestinal barrier;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
109 Acute;Address;Admission activity;Adult;Africa South of the Sahara;African;Allergic;Allergic inflammation;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Antimalarials;Area;Bacteremia;Bacteria;Basophilia;Basophilic Cell;Basophils;Biology;Blood;Blood Proteins;Blood capillaries;Case Fatality Rates;Cells;Child;Chronic;Chymase;Clinical;Comorbidity;Country;Data;Defect;Enterobacteriaceae;Epithelial;Failure;Falciparum Malaria;Functional disorder;Future;Histamine;Hospitals;Human;IgE;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunoglobulin Class Switching;Immunologics;Incidence;Infection;Inflammatory;Interleukin-10;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-15;Interleukin-18;Interleukin-3;Interleukin-4;Intervention;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Kenya;Lead;Leaky Gut;Link;Literature;Malabsorption Syndromes;Malaria;Modeling;Mucous Membrane;Mus;Outcome;Parasitemia;Parasites;Peptide Hydrolases;Permeability;Phenotype;Plasmodium yoelii;Prevalence;Publishing;Reporting;Research;Resources;Risk;Sepsis;Severities;Signal Transduction;TPT1 gene;Testing;Tissues;Work;World Health Organization;base;cell injury;cytokine;expectation;gastrointestinal;gut bacteria;insight;malaria infection;mast cell;mastocytosis;microbial;mortality;novel;recruit;transmission process
110 Affect;Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Death;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Dementia;Development;Disease;EWSR1 gene;Environment;Excision;Exhibits;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hela Cells;Investigation;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mediating;Metabolism;Modeling;Molecular;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Parkinsonian Disorders;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Patients;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Process;Proteins;RNA;RNA-Binding Proteins;Reporting;Research;Signal Pathway;Students;Substantia nigra structure;Testing;Universities;Validation;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;graduate student;improved;inhibition of autophagy;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;neuron loss;novel;novel therapeutics;programs;protein aggregate;public health relevance;sarcoma;therapy development;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate student
111 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
112 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;professor;programs;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
113 Biomedical Research;Communities;Data;Degree program;Funding;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Mentors;Research;Research Personnel;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;experience;faculty mentor;improved;peer coaching;programs;recruit;retention rate;statistics;success;summer research;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
114 Address;Adult;Affect;Age-Months;Aging;Anatomy;Axon;BCL2 gene;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Cell Density;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cone;Confocal Microscopy;Contrast Sensitivity;Data;Dendrites;Dendritic Cells;Development;Developmental Biology;Disease;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Electrophysiology (science);Environment;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Glaucoma;Glutamate Receptor;Glutamates;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Human;Idaho;Image;Image Analysis;In Vitro;Individual;Knock-out;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Light;Location;Longevity;Macular degeneration;Maps;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Morphology;Mosaicism;Mus;Mutation;Natural regeneration;Nervous system structure;Neurons;Output;Pattern;Peripheral;Photoreceptors;Physiology;Population;Proteins;Quality of life;Reagent;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Universities;Vision;Wild Type Mouse;age related;axon growth;base;computerized tools;density;developmental genetics;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;ganglion cell;kainate;mutant;nervous system disorder;neural circuit;novel;postnatal;prevent;receptive field;repaired;response;retinal neuron;retinal rods;small molecule;synaptogenesis;targeted treatment;transmission process;two-photon;visual information
115 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Populations;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;laboratory experience;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;undergraduate research experience;university student
116 Address;Adult;Affect;Age-Months;Aging;Anatomy;Axon;BCL2 gene;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Cell Density;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cone;Confocal Microscopy;Contrast Sensitivity;Data;Dendrites;Dendritic Cells;Development;Developmental Biology;Disease;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Electrophysiology (science);Environment;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Screening;Glaucoma;Glutamate Receptor;Glutamates;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Human;Idaho;Image;Image Analysis;In Vitro;Knock-out;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Light;Location;Longevity;Macular degeneration;Maps;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Morphology;Mosaicism;Mus;Mutation;Natural regeneration;Nervous system structure;Neurons;Output;Pattern;Peripheral;Photoreceptors;Physiology;Population;Proteins;Quality of life;Reagent;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Universities;Vision;Wild Type Mouse;age related;axon growth;base;computerized tools;density;developmental genetics;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;ganglion cell;individual response;kainate;mutant;nervous system disorder;neural circuit;novel;postnatal;prevent;receptive field;repaired;response;retinal neuron;retinal rods;small molecule;synaptogenesis;targeted treatment;transmission process;two-photon;visual information
117 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;laboratory experience;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
118 Biology;Biomedical Research;Cellular biology;Communities;Critical Thinking;Data;Degree program;Enrollment;Ethics;Fellowship;Funding;Genetic;Goals;Graduation Rates;Idaho;Individual;Intention;Mentors;Occupations;Participant;Positioning Attribute;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Running;Schools;Science;Self Assessment;Students;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Students;Universities;Work;base;bridge program;bridge to the baccalaureate;career;cohort;college;community college;course development;design;expectation;experience;experimental study;faculty mentor;improved;interest;peer coaching;professor;programs;recruit;retention rate;skill acquisition;statistics;success;summer research;symposium;transfer student;undergraduate research;university student
119 Advanced Malignant Neoplasm;Affinity;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological Models;Biotin;Blood;Blood Circulation;CD47 gene;Cell Death;Cells;Chimeric Proteins;Clinical;Complement;Digestion;Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm;Drug resistance;Engineering;Erythrocytes;Exposure to;Gammaretrovirus;Genes;Goals;Hematopoietic Neoplasms;Hour;Immobilization;Immune Evasion;Immune system;Injectable;Integrin alphaVbeta3;Integrins;Intravenous;Label;Ligands;Link;Lipids;Malignant Neoplasms;Masks;Medical;Membrane;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Nodule;Oncolytic;Oncolytic viruses;Phagocytes;Phagocytosis;Polyethylene Glycols;Proteins;Publishing;Recombinants;Reporting;Resistance;Role;SHPS-1 protein;Serum;Signal Transduction;Site;Streptavidin;Surface;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Treatment Efficacy;Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus;Viral;Virion;Virotherapy;Virus;Vitronectin;cancer cell;cancer therapy;immunoregulation;improved;macrophage;nanoparticle;neoplastic cell;neutralizing antibody;oncolysis;oncolytic virotherapy;prevent;protein biomarkers;success;targeted delivery;tumor;uptake;virus envelope
120 Advanced Malignant Neoplasm;Affinity;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological Models;Biotin;Blood;Blood Circulation;CD47 gene;Cell Death;Cells;Chimeric Proteins;Clinical;Complement;Digestion;Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm;Drug resistance;Engineering;Erythrocytes;Exposure to;Gammaretrovirus;Genes;Goals;Hematopoietic Neoplasms;Hour;Immobilization;Immune Evasion;Immune system;Integrin alphaVbeta3;Integrins;Intravenous;Label;Ligands;Link;Lipids;Malignant Neoplasms;Masks;Medical;Membrane;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Nodule;Oncolytic;Oncolytic viruses;Phagocytes;Phagocytosis;Polyethylene Glycols;Proteins;Publishing;Recombinants;Reporting;Resistance;Role;SHPS-1 protein;Serum;Signal Transduction;Site;Streptavidin;Surface;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Treatment Efficacy;Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus;Viral;Virion;Virotherapy;Virus;anti-cancer;cancer cell;cancer therapy;immunoregulation;improved;macrophage;nanoparticle;neoplastic cell;neutralizing antibody;oncolysis;oncolytic virotherapy;prevent;protein biomarkers;success;targeted delivery;tumor;uptake;virus envelope
121 Acute;Address;Antibiotic Therapy;Antibiotics;Antiparasitic Agents;Basic Science;Biological;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Catabolism;Cell Culture Techniques;Cessation of life;Chronic;Collaborations;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Disease;Drug Design;Drug Targeting;Dysentery;Education;Emerging Communicable Diseases;Entamoeba histolytica;Enzymatic Biochemistry;Enzymes;Exhibits;Family;Future;Gastrointestinal Diseases;Generations;Giardia;Giardia lamblia;Global Change;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;In Vitro;Infection;Internships;Interruption;Intestines;Lead;Libraries;Mammalian Cell;Mentors;Methionine;Metronidazole;Microbe;Microscopy;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Biology;Monitor;National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease;Nature;New Agents;Nucleoside Hydrolases;Nucleosides;Nutrient;Organism;Parasites;Parasitic Diseases;Pathway interactions;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacotherapy;Polyamines;Poverty;Preclinical Testing;Process;Proteomics;Protozoa;Purines;Pyruvate Metabolism Pathway;Reaction;Refractory;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Technics;Resolution;Role;S-Adenosylmethionine;Specificity;Spectrum Analysis;Structure-Activity Relationship;Students;Sulfur;System;Testing;Toxic effect;Training;Translations;Treatment Failure;Trichomonas vaginalis;Universities;Urea;Validation;Work;antimicrobial;base;chemical synthesis;college;combat;drug candidate;drug development;experience;experimental study;improved;in vitro Model;in vitro activity;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;innovation;killings;liquid chromatography mass spectrometry;metabolomics;microorganism;multidisciplinary;neglect;novel;novel therapeutics;response;screening;small molecule inhibitor;student training;summer research;synergism;therapeutic target;undergraduate student;university student
122 3-Dimensional;Biochemical Reaction;Biological Process;Biology;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Color;Complex;DNA;Disease;Distal;Elements;Engineering;Enhancers;Equipment;Fluorescence;Gene Activation;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genome;Goals;Health;Human;Kinetics;Label;Lasers;Learning;Length;Mathematics;Measures;Microscope;Monitor;Nature;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteins;RNA;RNA Splicing;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Scanning;Science;Site;Speed;Techniques;Technology;Time;Underrepresented Populations;Visualization;Work;broadening participation research;fluorescence imaging;member;molecular imaging;novel;single molecule;spatiotemporal;tool;undergraduate student
123 3-Dimensional;Address;Alternative Splicing;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Biological Process;COVID-19;COVID-19 treatment;Cardiomyopathies;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Clinical;Collaborations;Complex;Computer Models;Corticosterone;Coupling;DNA;Data;Dexamethasone;Disease;Distal;Elements;Estrogen Receptors;Eukaryotic Cell;Event;Fluorescence;Fluorescence Microscopy;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genome;Glucocorticoid Receptor;Goals;Hairy Cell Leukemia;Health;Hormones;Human;In Vitro;Institutes;Introns;Kinetics;Label;Laboratories;Length;Ligands;Light;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Measurement;Measures;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Myopathy;National Cancer Institute;Netherlands;Nuclear Export;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Patients;Pharmacologic Substance;Positioning Attribute;Process;Proteins;RNA;RNA Processing;RNA Splicing;Raloxifene;Regulation;Regulatory Element;Reporter Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Response Elements;Sampling;Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome;Side;Spectrum Analysis;Spliceosomes;Tamoxifen;Testing;Time;Transcript;Transcription Coactivator;Transcription Initiation;Transcriptional Activation;Universities;Work;acute myeloid leukemia cell;autism spectrum disorder;base;beta Globin;cell type;clinically relevant;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;genetic information;glucocorticoid-induced orphan receptor;in vivo;insight;malignant breast neoplasm;nervous system disorder;novel;physical model;public health relevance;receptor binding;response;single molecule;spatiotemporal;temporal measurement;time use;tool;transcription factor
124 Acute Myelocytic Leukemia;Alternative Splicing;Autistic Disorder;Binding;Biological Process;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Cellular biology;Complex;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA sequencing;DNA-Binding Proteins;Dependence;Disease;Eukaryota;Eukaryotic Cell;Event;Exons;FXR1 gene;Fluorescence;Fluorescence Microscopy;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Hairy Cell Leukemia;Health;Hereditary Disease;Hereditary Malignant Neoplasm;Human;Imagery;In Vitro;Individual;Introns;Kinetics;Label;Length;Malignant Neoplasms;Measurement;Measures;Microscope;Microscopy;Molecular;Monitor;Mutation;Myopathy;Nuclear Export;Optics;Parkinson Disease;Patients;Photobleaching;Physics;Process;RNA;RNA Processing;RNA Splicing;RNA chemical synthesis;Regulation;Reporter Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Site;Spectrum Analysis;Techniques;Time;Transcript;Transcription Initiation;Translations;Work;Zinc Fingers;base;beta Globin;epigenetic regulation;experimental study;fluorescence imaging;genetic information;genome editing;human disease;in vivo;mRNA Precursor;nervous system disorder;novel;public health relevance;single molecule;spatiotemporal;tool;two-photon
125 Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Biological Models;Blindness;Blood;Blood Circulation;Blood Vessels;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Proliferation;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Characteristics;Coculture Techniques;Complex;Data;Defect;Development;Diabetic Retinopathy;Diffusion;Disease;Dissection;Embryo;Embryonic Eye;Endothelial Cells;Eye;Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting;Future;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Growth;Hemoglobin;Imagery;Intrinsic factor;Knowledge;Mammals;Mediating;Mediator of activation protein;Metabolic;Modeling;Molecular;Morphogenesis;Mus;Nature;Neural Retina;Neuroglia;Neurons;Norrie's disease;Nutrient;Optics;Outcome;Oxygen;Pathologic;Pathology;Pattern;Peripheral;Phenotype;Publishing;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinopathy of Prematurity;Risk;Role;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Stereotyping;Structure;System;Telangiectasis;Testing;Tissues;Transgenic Organisms;United States;Vascular Endothelial Cell;Vascular blood supply;Vision;Zebrafish;behavioral study;bevacizumab;blood vessel development;cell type;differential expression;effective therapy;gain of function;gliogenesis;imaging study;improved;in vivo;innovation;macula;malformation;nerve stem cell;neurodevelopment;neuroepithelium;neurogenesis;novel;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;transcriptome sequencing;two-dimensional;vascular abnormality;vascular contributions
126 Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Biological Models;Blindness;Blood;Blood Circulation;Blood Vessels;Candidate Disease Gene;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Proliferation;Cell Therapy;Cell physiology;Cells;Characteristics;Coculture Techniques;Complex;Data;Defect;Development;Diabetic Retinopathy;Diffusion;Disease;Dissection;Embryo;Embryonic Eye;Endothelial Cells;Eye;Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting;Future;Genes;Genetic;Growth;Hemoglobin;Image;Imagery;Intrinsic factor;Knowledge;Life;Mammals;Mediating;Mediator of activation protein;Metabolic;Modeling;Molecular;Morphogenesis;Mus;Nature;Neural Retina;Neuroglia;Neurons;Norrie's disease;Nutrient;Optics;Outcome;Oxygen;Pathology;Pattern;Peripheral;Phenotype;Publishing;RNA;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Diseases;Retinopathy of Prematurity;Risk;Role;Signal Transduction;Staging;Stem cells;Stereotyping;Structure;System;Telangiectasis;Testing;Time;Tissues;Transgenic Organisms;United States;Vascular Endothelial Cell;Vascular blood supply;Vision;Zebrafish;abstracting;behavioral study;bevacizumab;blood vessel development;cell type;differential expression;effective therapy;gain of function;gliogenesis;improved;in vivo;innovation;macula;malformation;meetings;nerve stem cell;neuroepithelium;neurogenesis;novel;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;stem cell biology;stem cell niche;two-dimensional;vascular abnormality;vascular contributions
127 <NA>
128 Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Immunize;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematical Biology;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;epidemiology study;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;predictive modeling;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation;virtual
129 Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Immunize;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematical Biology;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;epidemiology study;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;predictive modeling;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation;virtual
130 Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Immunize;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematical Biology;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;epidemiology study;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;predictive modeling;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation;virtual
131 Accounting;Archives;Attenuated Vaccines;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Benign;Biological Models;Biology;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Cowpox;Development;Disease;Ecology;Engineering;Epidemiologic Studies;Epidemiology;Evolution;Foundations;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Engineering;HIV;Health;Herd Immunity;Human;Human poliovirus;Immunity;Individual;Infectious Agent;Invaded;Laboratories;Life;Mathematics;Methods;Modeling;Modification;Molecular Biology;Patients;Poliomyelitis;Population;Research;Risk;Science;Smallpox;System;Target Populations;Testing;Time;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Production;Vaccines;Viral;Viral Vaccines;Virulence;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;World Health;base;fictional works;laboratory experiment;mathematical model;mathematical theory;novel;programs;simulation;sound;success;theories;vaccine delivery;vaccine evaluation
132 2019-nCoV;Animals;Automobile Driving;Brucella;Chronic;Collaborations;Combined Vaccines;Cytomegalovirus;Development;Disease;Domestic Animals;Ebola;Effectiveness;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Face;Foundations;Genetic Engineering;Growth;Habitats;Human;Immune;Immune response;Immunity;Immunization Programs;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype;Injections;Laboratory Study;Lassa virus;Methodology;Modeling;Murid herpesvirus 1;Mus;Pattern;Penetration;Performance;Persons;Play;Population;Prevention;Procedures;Process;Property;Rabies;Rodent;Role;Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome;Source;Technology;Transgenes;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Validation;Vertebral column;Viral;Virus;Wild Animals;Work;Zoonoses;cost;design;experimental study;human disease;human pathogen;immunogenic;immunogenicity;in vivo;mathematical model;mathematical theory;new technology;novel;novel strategies;pandemic disease;pathogen;pathogen spillover;predictive modeling;pressure;prevent;programs;prototype;superinfection;trait;transmission process;vaccine candidate;vaccine development;vaccine distribution;vaccine evaluation;vector
133 Affect;Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Death;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Dementia;Development;Disease;EWSR1 gene;Environment;Excision;Exhibits;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Health;Hela Cells;Investigation;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mediating;Metabolism;Modeling;Molecular;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Parkinsonian Disorders;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Patients;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Process;Proteins;RNA;RNA-Binding Proteins;Reporting;Research;Signal Pathway;Students;Substantia nigra structure;Testing;Universities;Validation;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;graduate student;improved;inhibition of autophagy;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;neuron loss;novel;novel therapeutics;programs;protein aggregate;sarcoma;therapy development;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate student
134 Adult;Animal Model;BRAIN initiative;Behavior;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Confocal Microscopy;Data;Dendrites;Electron Microscopy;Environment;Eye;Failure;Generations;Genetic;Goals;Human;Imagery;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Mammals;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Natural regeneration;Neurites;Neuroglia;Neurons;Outcome Study;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Process;Property;Publishing;Reflex action;Reporter;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;SHH gene;Sampling;Source;Synapses;Testing;Time;Transgenes;Transgenic Organisms;Translating;Transplantation;Trauma;United States National Institutes of Health;Vision;Visual system structure;Zebrafish;cell type;computerized tools;connectome;ganglion cell;innovation;insight;neuron loss;neuronal replacement;preference;progenitor;public health relevance;regenerative;relating to nervous system;restoration;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;smoothened signaling pathway;teleost fish;tool;two-dimensional
135 Adult;Animal Model;BRAIN initiative;Behavior;Biological Models;Cells;Cessation of life;Confocal Microscopy;Data;Dendrites;Electron Microscopy;Environment;Eye;Failure;Generations;Goals;Human;Imagery;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lesion;Mammals;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Morphology;Natural regeneration;Neurites;Neuroglia;Neurons;Outcome;Pattern;Photoreceptors;Process;Property;Publishing;Reflex action;Reporter;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Role;SHH gene;Sampling;Source;Synapses;Testing;Time;Transgenes;Transgenic Organisms;Translating;Transplantation;Trauma;United States National Institutes of Health;Vision;Visual system structure;Zebrafish;cell type;computerized tools;connectome;ganglion cell;innovation;insight;neuron loss;neuronal replacement;preference;progenitor;public health relevance;regenerative;relating to nervous system;restoration;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;smoothened signaling pathway;teleost fish;tool;two-dimensional
136 Academic Research Enhancement Awards;Acyl Carrier Protein;Acyl Coenzyme A;Acylation;Address;Affect;Anti-Bacterial Agents;Bacteria;Bacterial Infections;Binding;Biomedical Research;Burkholderia mallei;Chemicals;Chemistry;Communication;Complex;Data;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Enzymes;Goals;Gram-Negative Bacteria;Infection;Kinetics;Lactones;Mediating;Methionine;Microbial Biofilms;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Outcome;Physicians;Physiological;Play;Population Density;Process;Product R;Production;Research;Signal Transduction;Social Behavior;Students;Testing;Therapeutic;Toxin;United States National Institutes of Health;Virulence;analog;antimicrobial;base;career;combat;design;enzyme substrate complex;homoserine lactone;inhibitor/antagonist;insight;microbial;multi-drug resistant pathogen;non-Native;novel;public health relevance;quorum sensing;small molecule;small molecule inhibitor;tool
137 Address;Algorithms;Award;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Binding Sites;Biological;Cell Line;ChIP-seq;Chromatin;Collaborations;Complex;Computer software;Copy Number Polymorphism;DNA;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Data;Disease;Disease model;ERBB2 gene;Etiology;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Variation;Genome;Genomics;Genotype;Graph;Health;Human;Intervention;Investigation;Measures;Mentors;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Nuclear Receptors;Pathway Analysis;Phase;Phenotype;Population;Protein Binding;Proteins;Quantitative Trait Loci;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Resolution;Running;Scientist;Solid;Statistical Models;Stretching;Systems Biology;Testing;Training;Work;base;causal model;experience;genetic makeup;genome wide association study;innovation;insertion/deletion mutation;insight;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;novel;open source;research study;skills;statistics;transcription factor
138 Address;Algorithms;Award;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Binding Sites;Biological;Cell Line;ChIP-seq;Chromatin;Collaborations;Complex;Computer software;Copy Number Polymorphism;DNA;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Data;Disease;Disease model;ERBB2 gene;Etiology;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Variation;Genome;Genomics;Genotype;Graph;Human;Intervention;Investigation;Measures;Mentors;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Mutation;Nuclear Receptors;Pathway Analysis;Phase;Phenotype;Population;Proteins;Quantitative Trait Loci;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Resolution;Running;Scientist;Solid;Statistical Models;Stretching;Systems Biology;Testing;Tissue-Specific Gene Expression;Training;base;cancer subtypes;experience;experimental study;genetic makeup;genome wide association study;genomic data;innovation;insertion/deletion mutation;insight;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;novel;open source;public health relevance;skills;statistics;transcription factor
139 Address;Algorithms;Award;Bayesian Analysis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Binding Sites;Biological;Cell Line;ChIP-seq;Chromatin;Collaborations;Complex;Computer software;Copy Number Polymorphism;DNA;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Data;Disease;Disease model;ERBB2 gene;Etiology;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Regulation;Gene Targeting;Genes;Genetic Variation;Genome;Genomics;Genotype;Graph;Health;Human;Intervention;Investigation;Measures;Mentors;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Nuclear Receptors;Pathway Analysis;Phase;Phenotype;Population;Proteins;Quantitative Trait Loci;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Research;Research Personnel;Resolution;Running;Scientist;Solid;Statistical Models;Stretching;Systems Biology;Testing;Training;Work;base;cancer subtypes;causal model;experience;genetic makeup;genome wide association study;genomic data;innovation;insertion/deletion mutation;insight;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;novel;open source;research study;skills;statistics;transcription factor
140 <NA>
141 <NA>
142 <NA>
143 Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Drug Formulations;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Solutions;Specialist;Staging;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;career;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
144 Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Recruitment Activity;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;base;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer;programs
145 Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Epidemiologic Studies;Epidemiology;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Relative (related person);Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;base;co-infection;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transmission process;vector;virology
146 Acceleration;Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Persons;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Variant;Work;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
147 Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Income;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;predictive modeling;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
148 Algorithms;Anatomy;Attention;Breast;Breast Cancer Early Detection;Cause of Death;Characteristics;Complex;Computer-Assisted Diagnosis;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Set;Detection;Devices;Diagnosis;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Evaluation;Fatty acid glycerol esters;Feedback;Female;Goals;Human;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Device;Imaging Techniques;Judgment;Knowledge;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Neoplasms;Mammary Ultrasonography;Manuals;Mathematics;Medical;Medical Imaging;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Nature;Neural Network Simulation;Noise;Output;Painless;Performance;Process;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Shapes;Survival Rate;Testing;Texture;Tissue imaging;Tissues;Training;Tumor-Associated Process;Ultrasonography;United States;Universities;Update;Utah;Variant;Visual;Woman;Work;advanced breast cancer;base;breast imaging;clinical examination;computer aided detection;computerized tools;convolutional neural network;cost effective;deep learning;human model;image processing;imaging Segmentation;imaging properties;improved;innovation;learning strategy;malignant breast neoplasm;mammary;medical schools;model development;prospective;radiologist;spatial relationship;success;tool;tumor;ultrasound
149 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;Writing;base;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
150 Antibiotics;Attention;Biological;Clostridium difficile;Communities;Complex;Data;Development;Disease;Environment;Etiology;Foundations;Goals;Health;Health Promotion;Human;Human Microbiome;Individual;Infection;Irritable Bowel Syndrome;Mathematics;Measures;Mediating;Methodology;Methods;Microbe;Modeling;Modernization;Outcome;Phase;Population;Population Dynamics;Population Genetics;Property;Research;Research Personnel;Resistance;Resources;Risk;Series;Statistical Methods;Time;Toxin;Translating;Work;alpha Toxin;base;clinically relevant;data analysis pipeline;design;high risk;innovation;interest;mathematical model;member;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;microbiome research;microorganism interaction;novel;opportunistic pathogen;pathogen;repaired;resilience;theories;tool;trait;vaginal microbiome
151 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Persons;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;base;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;spatial temporal variation;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
152 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Persons;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;Writing;base;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
153 Affect;Algorithms;Alleles;Automobile Driving;Biological;Breast Cancer Patient;Clinical Data;Complex;Computing Methodologies;Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);DNA Methylation;DNA Sequence;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Disease model;Epigenetic Process;Etiology;Gene Combinations;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genetic Variation;Genotype;Goals;Individual;Lead;Link;Malignant Neoplasms;Mendelian randomization;Methods;Methylation;Modeling;Mutation;Patients;Phenotype;Plant Roots;Population;Process;Randomized;Regulatory Pathway;Research;Role;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Transcription Process;base;cancer subtypes;clinical phenotype;complex data;disorder subtype;effective therapy;experimental study;gene regulatory network;genetic variant;genomic data;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;molecular phenotype;network models;new therapeutic target;novel;simulation;tumor;tumor progression
154 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;base;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;spatial temporal variation;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
155 Algorithms;Anatomy;Attention;Breast;Breast Cancer Early Detection;Cause of Death;Characteristics;Complex;Computer-Assisted Diagnosis;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Set;Detection;Devices;Diagnosis;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Evaluation;Fatty acid glycerol esters;Feedback;Female;Goals;Human;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Device;Imaging Techniques;Judgment;Knowledge;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Neoplasms;Mammary Ultrasonography;Manuals;Mathematics;Medical;Medical Imaging;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Nature;Neural Network Simulation;Noise;Output;Painless;Performance;Process;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Shapes;Survival Rate;Testing;Texture;Tissue imaging;Tissues;Training;Tumor-Associated Process;Ultrasonography;United States;Universities;Update;Utah;Variant;Visual;Woman;Work;advanced breast cancer;base;breast imaging;clinical examination;computer aided detection;computerized tools;convolutional neural network;cost effective;deep learning;human model;image processing;imaging Segmentation;imaging properties;improved;innovation;learning strategy;malignant breast neoplasm;mammary;medical schools;model development;prospective;radiologist;spatial relationship;success;tool;tumor
156 Affect;Algorithms;Alleles;Automobile Driving;Biological;Breast Cancer Patient;Clinical Data;Complex;Computing Methodologies;Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);DNA Methylation;DNA Sequence;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Disease model;Epigenetic Process;Etiology;Gene Combinations;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genetic Variation;Genotype;Goals;Individual;Lead;Link;Malignant Neoplasms;Mendelian randomization;Methods;Methylation;Modeling;Mutation;Patients;Phenotype;Plant Roots;Population;Process;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Regulatory Pathway;Research;Role;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Transcription Process;base;cancer subtypes;clinical phenotype;complex data;disorder subtype;effective therapy;experimental study;genetic variant;genomic data;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;molecular phenotype;network models;new therapeutic target;novel;simulation;tumor;tumor progression
157 Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Income;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
158 Accounting;Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Respiratory tract structure;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Models;Testing;Time;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;in vitro Model;mathematical model;mortality;pathogen;pediatric patients;research study;respiratory;respiratory virus;response
159 Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infectious Agent;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Staging;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
160 Address;Area;Biological;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Cell Nucleus;Collaborations;Communities;Complex;Data;Data Analyses;Discipline;Environment;Epigenetic Process;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Genetic;Genetic Predisposition to Disease;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infectious Agent;Infrastructure;Interdisciplinary Study;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Language;Lead;Learning;Medical;Modeling;Nature;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Play;Population;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Property;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Science;Scientific Inquiry;Scientist;Services;Severity of illness;Social Interaction;Specialist;Strategic Planning;Structure;Students;Study models;System;Testing;Thinking;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Viral;Virus;Work;base;biological systems;co-infection;cohesion;complex biological systems;early-career faculty;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical model;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;natural language;next generation;outreach;predictive modeling;programs;public health relevance;skills;transmission process
161 Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Postdoctoral Fellow;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;improved;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;searchable database;success;web site;working group
162 Address;Adoption;Affect;Age;Air;Area;Attention;Award;Biomedical Research;COVID-19;Centers of Research Excellence;Cities;Commerce;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consequentialism;Country;Data;Decision Making;Differential Equation;Disease;Disease Outbreaks;Disease model;Early Diagnosis;Economics;Education;Effectiveness of Interventions;Emotional;Ensure;Epidemic;Epidemiology;Faculty;Food Chain;Food production;Growth;Health;Health Personnel;Health Professional;Healthcare;Hospitals;Human Resources;Hybrids;Idaho;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Infrastructure;Intervention;Link;Measures;Modeling;Motivation;Natural Resources;Outcome;Output;Pattern;Phase;Play;Policy Maker;Positioning Attribute;Public Health;Recurrence;Research;Risk;Risk Factors;Role;Rural;Rural Community;Rural Population;Scientist;Shelter facility;Social Distance;Social Network;Source;Structure;Surveys;Time;Training;Travel;Treatment Efficacy;Uncertainty;Universities;Variant;Virus;Work;base;care burden;cost;dashboard;density;design;empowerment;epidemiological model;food resource;graphical user interface;health care availability;infection burden;insight;model design;next generation;pandemic disease;professor;recruit;tool;transmission process;urban area;virology;willingness
163 Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;searchable database;success;web site;working group
164 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Disparate;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Persons;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Shapes;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Work;Writing;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
165 Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computer Simulation;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Public Policy;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Environment;Social Network;Sorting - Cell Movement;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Techniques;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
166 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home environment;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;base;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;spatial temporal variation;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
167 Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Drug Formulations;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Goals;Health;Housing;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Left;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Solutions;Specialist;Staging;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success
168 Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;searchable database;success;web site;working group
169 Acceleration;Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communication;Communities;Complex;Computer Models;Coupled;Data;Development;Disease;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Funding Agency;Future;Generations;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Holly;Home;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Incubators;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Persons;Phase;Physical environment;Pilot Projects;Play;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Privatization;Progress Reports;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Research Institute;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Schedule;Scientist;Structure;Students;System;Testing;Time;Training;Uncertainty;Universities;Variant;Work;biological systems;body system;complex biological systems;experience;faculty support;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary approach;mathematical methods;member;next generation;novel strategies;physical model;predictive modeling;success;three-dimensional modeling;undergraduate student;working group
170 3-Dimensional;Amino Acid Sequence;Amino Acids;Chemicals;Color Visions;Complex;Data;Data Set;Development;Disease;Electronics;Engineering;Foundations;Genome;Goals;Homology Modeling;Human;Impairment;Lead;Machine Learning;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Conformation;Mutation;Opsin;Pathologic;Phototransduction;Pigments;Population;Process;Property;Proteins;Quantum Mechanics;Research;Retinal Cone;Retinal Pigments;Running;Series;Statistical Models;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Testing;Therapeutic;Vertebrate Photoreceptors;Vision;Visual;chromophore;computational pipelines;disease-causing mutation;improved;machine learning pipeline;molecular dynamics;molecular mechanics;molecular modeling;novel;novel strategies;optogenetics;phenome;predictive modeling;simulation;targeted treatment
171 Adopted;Animal Experiments;Animal Model;Animals;Apis;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Biological Models;Coculture Techniques;Communities;Complex;Development;Disease;Ecology;Environment;Evolution;Genetic Materials;Genome;Goals;Growth;Health;Immune system;Immunologic Stimulation;Infection;Knowledge;Liquid substance;Measures;Microbe;Modeling;Predatory Behavior;Process;Property;Research;Resistance;Role;Shapes;System;Testing;Time;Virulence;Virus;Work;bacterial community;bacterial resistance;dynamical evolution;experimental study;mathematical model;member;microbial;microbial community;microbial composition;microbiome;microorganism interaction;outcome prediction
172 Adult;Affect;Anaerobic Bacteria;Bacteria;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biological Assay;Biology;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cells;Chronic;Communities;Controlled Environment;Coronary artery;Cues;Data;Development;Disease;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Escherichia coli;Functional RNA;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Screening;Goals;Growth;Heart Diseases;Heme;Hemin;Human;Immune response;Inflammatory;Invaded;Link;Measures;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Profiling;Oral cavity;Pathogenesis;Periodontal Diseases;Periodontitis;Phase;Physiological;Porphyromonas;Porphyromonas gingivalis;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Publishing;RNA;Regulation;Research Design;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Role;Site;Small RNA;Starvation;Stress;System;Technology;Tissues;Virulence;Virulence Factors;base;cDNA Library;cell motility;cell type;environmental stressor;knowledge base;mutant;next generation;novel;oral pathogen;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;public health relevance;response;screening
173 Adult;Affect;Anaerobic Bacteria;Bacteria;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biological Assay;Biology;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cells;Chronic;Communities;Controlled Environment;Coronary artery;Cues;Data;Development;Disease;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Escherichia coli;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Screening;Goals;Growth;Health;Heart Diseases;Heme;Hemin;Human;Immune response;Inflammatory;Invaded;Link;Measures;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Profiling;Oral cavity;Pathogenesis;Periodontal Diseases;Periodontitis;Phase;Physiological;Porphyromonas;Porphyromonas gingivalis;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Publishing;RNA;Regulation;Research Design;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Role;Site;Small RNA;Starvation;Stress;System;Technology;Tissues;Untranslated RNA;Virulence;Virulence Factors;base;cDNA Library;cell motility;cell type;differential expression;environmental stressor;knowledge base;mutant;next generation;novel;oral pathogen;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;response;screening
174 Affect;Bacteria;Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Binding;Biogenesis;Blindness;Cell-Free System;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chromatin;Chromatin Structure;Chromosomes;DNA;DNA Footprint;DNA Sequence;DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase;DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing;Deoxyribonuclease I;Developing Countries;Development;Developmental Biology;Dissociation;Elements;Energy Metabolism;Forms Controls;Funding Mechanisms;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Germination;Glucose;Glyceraldehyde;Glycolysis;Goals;Health;Hexoses;Higher Order Chromatin Structure;Histones;Human;In Vitro;Indium;Infection;Inorganic Phosphate Transporter;Knowledge;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Mammalian Cell;Maps;Measures;Medical;Metabolic Activation;Metabolism;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Physical condensation;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Pyruvate;RNA;Regulation;Relaxation;Research;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Site;Structure;Techniques;Time;Trachoma;Virulence;cell type;genetic regulatory protein;in vivo;inorganic phosphate;insight;isoprenoid;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;prevent;promoter;protein expression;research study;transcriptome sequencing
175 Affect;Bacteria;Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Binding;Biogenesis;Blindness;Cell-Free System;Cells;Chlamydia;Chlamydia Infections;Chlamydia trachomatis;Chromatin;Chromatin Structure;Chromosomes;DNA;DNA Footprint;DNA Sequence;DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase;Deoxyribonuclease I;Deoxyribonucleases;Developing Countries;Development;Developmental Biology;Dissociation;Elements;Energy Metabolism;Forms Controls;Funding Mechanisms;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Expression Regulation;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Germination;Glucose;Glyceraldehyde;Glycolysis;Goals;Hexoses;Higher Order Chromatin Structure;Histones;Human;In Vitro;Indium;Infection;Inorganic Phosphate Transporter;Knowledge;Life Cycle Stages;Link;Mammalian Cell;Maps;Measures;Medical;Metabolic Activation;Metabolism;Methods;Microarray Analysis;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Physical condensation;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Pyruvate;RNA;Regulation;Relaxation;Research;Role;Sexually Transmitted Diseases;Site;Structure;Techniques;Time;Trachoma;Virulence;cell type;genetic regulatory protein;in vivo;inorganic phosphate;insight;isoprenoid;novel;obligate intracellular parasite;pathogen;prevent;promoter;protein expression;public health relevance;research study;transcriptome sequencing
176 Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Instruction;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;skills;tissue repair
177 Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;N.I.H. Research Support;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;meetings;metabolomics;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;square foot;success;therapeutic development;transcriptomics
178 Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Dedications;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Image;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Microscopy;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
179 Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Dedications;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
180 Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Calcified;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;public health relevance;skills;tissue repair
181 Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;public health relevance;skills;tissue repair
182 Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
183 Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
184 5' Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor;mRNA delivery;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
185 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
186 5' Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor/antagonist;mRNA delivery;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
187 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tissue repair
188 Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;N.I.H. Research Support;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;meetings;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;undergraduate student
189 Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Process;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function;research study
190 Accounting;Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Disease;Drug Formulations;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Healed;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Property;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;repaired;research study;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy
191 Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;public health relevance;skills;tissue repair
192 <NA>
193 Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;skills;tissue repair
194 Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
195 Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
196 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
197 Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;COVID-19 surveillance;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;surveillance study;therapeutic development;training opportunity
198 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing;Affect;Anti-Inflammatory Agents;Architecture;Bacterial Translocation;Biological;Biology;Biopsy;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Colon;Confocal Microscopy;Demyelinations;Dextrans;Disease;Disease Progression;Disease model;Disease susceptibility;Epithelial Cells;Epithelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Extracellular Matrix;Farnesol;Female;Flow Cytometry;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Fluorochrome;Gene Expression;Gene Proteins;Genetic;Gut Mucosa;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Inflammatory Response;Intervention;Intestinal Mucosa;Intestinal permeability;Intestines;Knowledge;Label;Lamina Propria;Literature;Microbial Biofilms;Modeling;Mucins;Mucous Membrane;Mucous body substance;Multiple Sclerosis;Mus;Onset of illness;Oral;Organism;Pattern;Permeability;Phase;Predisposition;Production;Resistance;SJL Mouse;Severities;Severity of illness;Tight Junctions;Western Blotting;Woman;extracellular;fecal microbiota;fecal transplantation;gastrointestinal epithelium;gut dysbiosis;gut inflammation;gut microbes;gut microbiota;immune cell infiltrate;in vivo;intestinal barrier;isoprenoid;male;men;microbial;microbial composition;microbiota;microbiota-gut-brain axis;mucosal microbiota;neuroinflammation;protective effect;quorum sensing;sex;systemic inflammatory response
199 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
200 Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Technology;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;mouse model;novel;promoter;research study;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
201 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
202 Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
203 Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
204 Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;human model;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;wound healing
205 Achievement;Address;Administrative Supplement;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Bioreactors;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Journals;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mechanics;Medical center;Mentors;Microscopy;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;Natural regeneration;Nature;Parents;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Prevention;Proteomics;Publications;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Tissues;Training;Universities;Veterans;Visualization;career development;college;computer science;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;disease diagnosis;equipment acquisition;experimental study;imaging system;improved;instrument;instrumentation;live cell imaging;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;repaired;success;symposium;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;training opportunity
206 Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Dedications;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Modeling;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;simulation;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
207 Administrative Supplement;Age;Biology;Breast Cancer Treatment;Breast Cancer survivor;Cancer Patient;Cancer Survivor;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Differentiation process;Cell Survival;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cisplatin;Collagen Type I;Core Facility;DNA Adduction;DNA Adducts;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Data;Data Science;Deposition;Dose;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Foundations;Fracture;Gene Expression;Goals;Hair;Homeostasis;Idaho;Institution;Intervention;Kinetics;Laboratories;Lead;Malignant Neoplasms;Mechanical Stress;Mechanics;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Nausea;Neoplasm Metastasis;Nucleotide Excision Repair;Osteoblasts;Osteolysis;Osteopenia;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Patients;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physical activity;Platinum;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Production;Proteins;Proteomics;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Qualifying;Quality of life;Recurrence;Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm;Research;Research Personnel;Resources;Risk;Role;Testing;Therapeutic Intervention;Toxic effect;Universities;Up-Regulation;Woman;Women's Health;Work;adduct;anticancer treatment;bone;bone health;bone loss;cancer cell;cancer recurrence;chemotherapeutic agent;chemotherapy;compliance behavior;design;effective therapy;experience;experimental study;fracture risk;improved;improved outcome;long-term sequelae;malignant breast neoplasm;mechanical force;mortality;osteoblast differentiation;osteogenic;pluripotency;prevent;preventive intervention;repaired;response;rural counties;senescence;side effect;targeted treatment;transcriptome sequencing;vibration
208 Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Environment;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Histology;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;high throughput technology;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;research study;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
209 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;implementation facilitation;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
210 3-Dimensional;Aging;Angiogenic Factor;Biochemical;Biocompatible Materials;Biology;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Coculture Techniques;Coupling;Data;Development;Encapsulated;Endothelial Cells;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;FGF2 gene;Fibroins;Gel;Gene Expression;Generations;Goals;Human;Hydrogels;Image;In Vitro;Injury;Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;Mechanics;Mediating;Modeling;Morphology;Mus;Muscle;Muscle Development;Muscle Fibers;Musculoskeletal Development;Myoblasts;Myosin ATPase;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peptides;Phase;Process;Production;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Rattus;Silk;Skeletal Muscle;Stains;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Tyramine;Umbilical vein;Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors;Vascularization;crosslink;improved;in vitro Model;induced pluripotent stem cell;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;myogenesis;novel;skeletal disorder;skeletal muscle differentiation;stem cell differentiation;stem cells;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
211 Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
212 5' Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Estrogen receptor positive;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor/antagonist;mRNA delivery;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
213 Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
214 Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;mass spectrometric imaging;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
215 Address;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Development Plans;Discipline;Disease;Disease Progression;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Extramural Activities;Face;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Histology;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Journals;Laboratories;Manuscripts;Mechanics;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Nature;Peer Review;Phase;Physics;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Prevention;Principal Investigator;Proteomics;Publishing;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Secure;Tissues;Universities;career development;computer science;disease diagnosis;improved;instrumentation;laboratory facility;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity
216 Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Visualization;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
217 Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
218 3-Dimensional;Acceleration;Actins;Address;Aging;Anabolism;Area;Atomic Force Microscopy;Attenuated;Award;Basic Science;Bed rest;Behavioral Research;Biological;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Biophysics;Bioreactors;Cell Nucleus;Cell Proliferation;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular Structures;Centers of Research Excellence;Clinic;Clinical;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Collagen;Complex;Cytoskeleton;DNA;Development;Disabled Persons;Disease;Disease Progression;Elements;Engineering;Exclusion;Exercise;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;F-Actin;Focal Adhesions;Frequencies;Gene Expression;Geometry;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Image;In Vitro;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Knowledge;Lead;Machine Learning;Measurement;Measures;Mechanics;Mediating;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;Methods;Microgravity;Microscope;Modality;Modeling;Morphology;Motion;Muscle;Musculoskeletal;Nuclear;Nuclear Envelope;Nuclear Import;Nuclear Protein;Osteocytes;Osteolytic;Osteoporosis;Outcome;Parents;Pathology;Periodicity;Phase;Population;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Rejuvenation;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Role;Science;Signal Transduction;Signaling Protein;Speed;Stromal Cells;Structure-Activity Relationship;Technology;Testing;Time;Tissue Engineering;Transcription Coactivator;Translational Research;Work;bone;bone cell;bone loss;bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell;cancer cell;cell fixing;cell growth;connective tissue growth factor;data pipeline;effective therapy;enhanced green fluorescent protein;improved;in silico;in vivo;lipid biosynthesis;live cell microscopy;machine learning algorithm;mechanical force;mechanical signal;mechanotransduction;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;prevent;programs;protein expression;regenerative;response;scaffold;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;training opportunity;translational study;usability;vibration
219 Area;Award;Bacteria;Biological Sciences;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Commit;Computer software;Development;Economic Development;Ensure;Equipment;Fees;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Idaho;Image;Investments;Life;Maintenance;Microscope;Minor;Molecular;Molecular and Cellular Biology;Nervous system structure;Neurons;Neurosciences;Optics;Organism;Plasmids;Process;Proteins;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Role;Signal Transduction;Source;System;Technical Expertise;Time;Tissues;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Virus;Vision;Work;cell determination;instrument;instrumentation;nerve stem cell;optical imaging;programs;research and development
220 <NA>
221 <NA>
222 Affinity;Bacteria;Bedside Testings;Biological Assay;Chemistry;Cleaved cell;Color;Detection;Diagnostic;Disease Marker;Disulfides;Emergency Situation;Ensure;Environment;Enzymes;Event;Fluorides;Food;Generations;Goals;Healthcare;Home environment;Human Resources;Hydrogen Peroxide;Infection;Influenza;Laboratories;Lead;Metals;Neuraminidase;Output;Palladium;Performance;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pollution;Production;Reaction;Reader;Reagent;Reporting;Resources;Scheme;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Silicon;Sulfhydryl Compounds;Testing;Untrained Personnel;Water;aqueous;base;cost;design;diagnostic assay;equipment training;foodborne;pathogen;point of care;point-of-care diagnostics;public health relevance;response;small molecule;theories;water quality
223 Alleles;Alzheimer's Disease;Alzheimer's disease risk;Amino Acids;Amyloid beta-Protein;Antibodies;Apolipoprotein E;Binding;Biological Assay;Brain;Brain Diseases;Carrier Proteins;Cell Death;Cell Line;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Cholesterol;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18;Cleaved cell;Cytoplasm;DNA;DNA Binding;DNA Sequence;Data;Endocytosis;Enhancers;Ensure;Environmental Risk Factor;Exclusion;Exhibits;Extracellular Matrix;Family member;Feedback;Fractionation;Gelatinase B;Gene Expression;Genes;Genetic;Genetic Transcription;Glycoproteins;Goals;Human;Immobilization;Immunofluorescence Microscopy;Immunoprecipitation;Importins;In Situ;In Vitro;Kinetics;LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1;Lead;Length;Lipoproteins;Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor;Luciferases;Mediating;Microbial Collagenase;Microglia;Molecular;Mus;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Nuclear;Oligonucleotides;Optics;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Play;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteolysis;RNA purification;Recombinants;Reporter Genes;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Risk;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Site;Small Interfering RNA;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Techniques;Testing;Transcript;Transcriptional Regulation;Validation;Variant;Western Blotting;apolipoprotein E-4;base;chromatin immunoprecipitation;design;experimental study;gain of function;genetic risk factor;inhibitor/antagonist;insight;knock-down;loss of function;molecular pathology;motor impairment;novel;protein transport;receptor;receptor mediated endocytosis;trafficking;transcription factor;transcriptome;uptake
224 Accounting;Affinity;Age;Alleles;Alzheimer's Disease;Alzheimer's disease risk;Amino Acid Sequence;Amino Acid Substitution;Amino Acids;Amyloid beta-Protein;Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor;Antibodies;Apolipoprotein E;Apoptosis;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biomedical Research;Brain;Caspase;Cathepsins;Cell Count;Cell-Free System;Cholesterol;Circular Dichroism;Cleaved cell;Complex;Consensus;Data;Development;Disease;Environmental Risk Factor;Escherichia coli;Event;Genetic;Glycoproteins;Human;In Situ;In Vitro;Individual;Late Onset Alzheimer Disease;Length;Lipoproteins;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mediator of activation protein;Metalloproteases;Microscopy;Molecular;Movement;Nature;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neurofibrillary Tangles;Pathogenesis;Pathway interactions;Peptide Hydrolases;Play;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Process;Production;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteolysis;Recombinants;Relative (related person);Risk;Role;Sampling;Sedimentation process;Serine Protease;Site;Testing;Tissues;Universities;Validation;Variant;Western Blotting;Work;apolipoprotein E-3;apolipoprotein E-4;base;caspase-3;cell type;chymotrypsin;design;genetic risk factor;high risk;in vitro Assay;insight;light scattering;loss of function;molecular pathology;neurofibrillary tangle formation;novel;public health relevance;research study;tau Proteins
225 Adolescent;Adult;Alleles;Alzheimer's Disease;Alzheimer's disease brain;Alzheimer's disease risk;Amino Acids;Animals;Apolipoprotein E;Behavior;Behavioral;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Brain;CRISPR/Cas technology;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cardiovascular system;Cell Nucleus;Cells;Chronic;Confocal Microscopy;Data;Defect;Dementia;Development;Disease Progression;Elderly;Embryo;Etiology;Exhibits;Fertilization;Fishes;Fluorescence;Funding;Gelatinase B;Gene Expression;Gene Transfer Techniques;Genes;Goals;Growth;Heart;Heart Rate;Hour;Human;Impairment;In Vitro;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Knock-in;Late Onset Alzheimer Disease;Learning;Length;Link;Lipoproteins;Locomotion;Long-Term Effects;Memory;Memory impairment;Methods;Microglia;Modeling;Molecular Profiling;Morphology;Motor;Mus;Nervous system structure;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Neurofibrillary Tangles;Neurologic;Neurons;Optics;Organism;PHF-1;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Peptide Hydrolases;Physiological;Play;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Risk;Risk Factors;Rodent;Role;Scheme;Spinal Cord;Swimming;Tail;Testing;Time;Tissue-Specific Gene Expression;Toxic effect;Transgenes;Transgenic Organisms;Transposase;Validation;Zebrafish;apolipoprotein E-4;base;behavior test;behavioral impairment;body system;cardiovascular risk factor;cell motility;dementia risk;experimental study;extracellular;genetic risk factor;hatching;in vitro Assay;in vivo;in vivo Model;molecular pathology;mortality;motor behavior;motor disorder;motor impairment;neurobehavioral;neurochemistry;neuromuscular function;novel;tau Proteins;tool;trafficking;young adult
226 Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
227 Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
228 Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
229 Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
230 Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Climate;Collaborations;Communities;Computers;Computers and Advanced Instrumentation;Core Facility;Data;Disease;Drug resistance;Ensure;Environment;Evolution;Faculty;Failure;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Health;Human;Human Resources;Idaho;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Mentors;Organism;Parasites;Phase;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Process;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Scientist;Strategic Planning;Technology;Time;Travel;Universities;Vaccines;computing resources;interdisciplinary collaboration;pathogen;pressure;programs
231 Address;Behavior;Belief;Binding;Biological;Biology;Blood Vessels;Cell Communication;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Communication;Complex;Couples;Data;Disease;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Event;Exposure to;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Habitats;Half-Life;Human Pathology;Individual;Integrins;Investigation;Laboratories;Ligands;Link;Manuscripts;Mediating;Membrane;Molecular;Mutation;Normal Range;Notch Signaling Pathway;Nuclear Envelope;Organism;Parents;Pathologic;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phosphorylation;Phosphorylation Site;Phosphotransferases;Physiological;Post-Translational Protein Processing;Process;Proteins;Publishing;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Science;Signal Transduction;Site;Students;System;Technology;Tissues;Training;Tyrosine Phosphorylation;Vascular System;base;career;experimental study;gamma secretase;graduate student;high school;human disease;notch protein;novel;parent grant;promoter;response;shear stress;skills;src-Family Kinases;transcription factor;undergraduate student
232 A549;Adopted;Amplifiers;Architecture;Area;Award;Behavior;Biochemistry;Biocompatible Materials;Biological Markers;Biological Sciences;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood specimen;Cancer Detection;Cancer Diagnostics;Cardiovascular system;Case Study;Catalysis;Cells;Communities;Complex;DNA;Detection;Development;Devices;Diagnostic;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Engineering;Enrollment;Ensure;Exhibits;Extravasation;Feedback;Foundations;Gene Expression;Goals;Gold;Healthcare;Human;Humanities;Idaho;In Vitro;Journals;Kinetics;Knowledge;Learning;Length;Link;Liquid substance;Logic;Longevity;Longitudinal Studies;Malignant Neoplasms;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Measures;Medical;Medical Research;Medical center;Mentors;Methods;MicroRNAs;Mission;Mus;Muscle;Nanostructures;Nanotechnology;Neurologic;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;Nucleic Acids;Nucleotides;Nude Mice;Output;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Pregnancy Tests;Procedures;Publishing;Reaction;Relative (related person);Reporter;Research;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Reverse Transcription;Rewards;Sampling;Serum;Signal Transduction;Silicon;Societies;Speed;Staging;Supervision;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Transistors;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;Writing;Zinc Oxide;base;cancer diagnosis;career;chemical reaction;cost;design;diabetic;disease diagnosis;in vivo;innovation;literacy;mouse model;nanoparticle;nanoscale;nanoscience;nuclease;prevent;professor;research and development;self diagnosis;symposium;synthetic construct;tool;tumor
233 A549;Adopted;Amplifiers;Architecture;Area;Award;Behavior;Biochemistry;Biocompatible Materials;Biological Markers;Biological Sciences;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood specimen;Cancer Detection;Cancer Diagnostics;Cardiovascular system;Case Study;Catalysis;Cells;Communities;Complex;DNA;Detection;Development;Devices;Diagnostic;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Engineering;Enrollment;Ensure;Exhibits;Extravasation;Feedback;Foundations;Gene Expression;Goals;Gold;Healthcare;Human;Humanities;Idaho;In Vitro;Journals;Kinetics;Knowledge;Learning;Length;Link;Liquid substance;Logic;Longevity;Longitudinal Studies;Malignant Neoplasms;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Measures;Medical;Medical Research;Medical center;Mentors;Methods;MicroRNAs;Mission;Mus;Muscle;Nanostructures;Nanotechnology;Neurologic;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;Nucleic Acids;Nucleotides;Nude Mice;Output;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Pregnancy Tests;Procedures;Publishing;Reaction;Relative (related person);Reporter;Research;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Reverse Transcription;Rewards;Sampling;Serum;Signal Transduction;Silicon;Societies;Speed;Staging;Supervision;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Transistors;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;Writing;Zinc Oxide;base;cancer diagnosis;career;chemical reaction;cost;design;diabetic;disease diagnosis;in vivo;innovation;literacy;mouse model;nanoparticle;nanoscale;nanoscience;nuclease;prevent;professor;research and development;self diagnosis;symposium;synthetic construct;tool;tumor
234 A549;Adopted;Amplifiers;Architecture;Area;Award;Behavior;Biochemistry;Biocompatible Materials;Biological Markers;Biological Sciences;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood specimen;Cancer Detection;Cancer Diagnostics;Cardiovascular system;Case Study;Catalysis;Cells;Communities;Complex;DNA;Detection;Development;Devices;Diagnostic;Disease;Educational process of instructing;Engineering;Enrollment;Ensure;Exhibits;Extravasation;Feedback;Foundations;Gene Expression;Goals;Gold;Healthcare;Human;Humanities;Idaho;In Vitro;Journals;Kinetics;Knowledge;Learning;Length;Link;Liquid substance;Logic;Longevity;Longitudinal Studies;Malignant Neoplasms;Malignant neoplasm of lung;Measures;Medical;Medical Research;Medical center;Mentors;Methods;MicroRNAs;Mission;Mus;Muscle;Nanostructures;Nanotechnology;Neurologic;Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma;Nucleic Acids;Nucleotides;Nude Mice;Output;Patients;Performance;Plasma;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Pregnancy Tests;Procedures;Publishing;Reaction;Relative (related person);Reporter;Research;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Reverse Transcription;Rewards;Sampling;Serum;Signal Transduction;Silicon;Societies;Speed;Staging;Supervision;System;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Training;Transistors;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;Writing;Zinc Oxide;base;cancer diagnosis;career;chemical reaction;cost;design;diabetic;disease diagnosis;in vivo;innovation;mouse model;nanoparticle;nanoscale;nanoscience;nuclease;prevent;professor;research and development;scientific literacy;self diagnosis;symposium;synthetic construct;tool;tumor
235 Adhesions;Alleles;Alternative Splicing;Amacrine Cells;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Birth;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Count;Cell Death;Cells;Cellular Stress;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21;Code;Communities;Complex;Coupled;Cues;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Down Syndrome;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Drosophila genus;Environment;Etiology;Eye;Funding;Genes;Goals;Homologous Gene;Incidence;Ligands;Light;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Mus;Mutant Strains Mice;Mutation;Nervous system structure;Neurites;Neurons;Neurosciences;Pathology;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Play;Process;Protein Isoforms;Publishing;RNA Splicing;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Role;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Series;Staging;Stress;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Trisomy;Universities;Vertebrates;Visual;Washington;Work;axon guidance;career;cell type;dosage;gene function;genetic resource;light deprivation;molecular recognition;monocular;mouse model;mutant mouse model;nervous system development;neural patterning;neurodevelopment;neuron loss;neuronal cell body;overexpression;prevent;programs;receptor;relating to nervous system;research study;retinal rods
236 Adhesions;Alleles;Alternative Splicing;Amacrine Cells;Biological Assay;Biomedical Research;Birth;Cell Adhesion Molecules;Cell Count;Cell Death;Cells;Cellular Stress;Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21;Code;Communities;Complex;Coupled;Cues;Development;Developmental Process;Disease;Down Syndrome;Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule;Drosophila genus;Environment;Etiology;Eye;Funding;Genes;Goals;Homologous Gene;Incidence;Ligands;Light;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Mus;Mutant Strains Mice;Mutation;Nervous system structure;Neurites;Neurons;Neurosciences;Pathology;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Play;Process;Protein Isoforms;Publishing;RNA Splicing;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Research Proposals;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Ganglion Cells;Role;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Series;Staging;Stress;Synapses;System;Testing;Time;Trisomy;Universities;Vertebrates;Visual;Washington;Work;axon guidance;career;cell type;dosage;gene function;genetic resource;light deprivation;molecular recognition;monocular;mouse model;mutant mouse model;nervous system development;neural patterning;neurodevelopment;neuron loss;neuronal cell body;overexpression;prevent;programs;receptor;relating to nervous system;research study;retinal rods
237 Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Award;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Mosaicism;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Research;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;parent grant;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
238 Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
239 Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
240 Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
241 Address;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Communicable Diseases;Complex;Data;Development;Drug Formulations;Drug resistance;Evolution;Future;Gene Transfer;Genes;Genetic Determinism;Genotype;Goals;Health;Hot Spot;Human;In Vitro;Knowledge;Lead;Mediating;Medical;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutagenesis;Mutation;Pattern;Pharmacotherapy;Phenotype;Plasmids;Point Mutation;Population;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Public Health;Recording of previous events;Replicon;Reporting;Research;Research Support;Resistance;Role;Sequence Analysis;Statistical Models;Time;Variant;Virulence;Work;base;cost;disorder prevention;fight against;fitness;genetic element;genome sequencing;improved;infectious disease treatment;insight;interest;mathematical model;models and simulation;novel;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;public health relevance;research study;simulation;vector
242 Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
243 Address;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Communicable Diseases;Complex;Data;Development;Drug Formulations;Drug resistance;Evolution;Future;Gene Transfer;Genes;Genetic Determinism;Genotype;Goals;Health;Hot Spot;Human;In Vitro;Knowledge;Lead;Mediating;Medical;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Mutagenesis;Mutation;Pattern;Pharmacotherapy;Phenotype;Plasmids;Point Mutation;Population;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Public Health;Recording of previous events;Replicon;Reporting;Research;Research Support;Resistance;Role;Sequence Analysis;Statistical Models;Time;Variant;Virulence;Work;base;computer based statistical methods;cost;disorder prevention;fight against;fitness;genetic element;genome sequencing;improved;infectious disease treatment;insight;interest;mathematical model;models and simulation;novel;pathogen;pathogenic bacteria;public health relevance;research study;simulation;vector
244 Abate;Affect;Antibiotic Resistance;Antibiotics;Bacteria;Biochemical;Biological Assay;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Cessation of life;Computer Simulation;Data;Development;Drug resistance;Evolution;Experimental Designs;Genes;Goals;Health;Helicase Gene;Horizontal Gene Transfer;Human;Joints;Lead;Link;Mediating;Mobile Genetic Elements;Molecular;Multi-Drug Resistance;Multiple Bacterial Drug Resistance;Mutation;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Plasmids;Prevalence;Process;Proteins;Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Resistance;Resort;Role;Statistical Models;Techniques;Testing;Time;Work;World Health;World Health Organization;cost;experimental study;fitness;health organization;helicase;improved;insight;mathematical model;models and simulation;multi-drug resistant pathogen;multidisciplinary;new therapeutic target;novel;novel therapeutics;pathogen;permissiveness;repository;resistance gene;trait
245 Affect;Awareness;Back;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Boxing;Communicable Diseases;Data;Engineering;Environment;Error Sources;Evolution;Failure;Frequencies;Future;Genetic Epistasis;Genome;Genome engineering;Genotype;Goals;Growth;Human;Immune system;Knowledge;Laboratories;Libraries;Life Cycle Stages;Light;Maps;Mathematics;Measures;Medicine;Modeling;Modification;Molecular;Motivation;Mutation;Organism;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phenotype;Play;Population Sizes;Property;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Research;Resistance;Role;System;Technology;Testing;Theoretical model;Time;Vaccines;Viral;Virus;Walking;Work;base;combat;design;fighting;fitness;flexibility;life history;mathematical model;microbial;next generation sequencing;novel;pathogen;pleiotropism;predictive modeling;public health relevance;research study;simulation;success;theories;trait
246 Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;fight against;fighting;pathogen;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
247 Affect;Awareness;Back;Bacteria;Bacteriophages;Biological;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Boxing;Communicable Diseases;Data;Engineering;Environment;Error Sources;Evolution;Failure;Frequencies;Future;Genetic Epistasis;Genome;Genome engineering;Genotype;Goals;Growth;Human;Immune system;Knowledge;Laboratories;Libraries;Life Cycle Stages;Light;Maps;Mathematics;Measures;Medicine;Modeling;Modification;Molecular;Motivation;Mutation;Organism;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Phenotype;Play;Population Sizes;Property;Proteins;Protocols documentation;Research;Role;System;Technology;Testing;Theoretical model;Time;Vaccines;Viral;Virus;Walking;Work;base;design;fighting;fitness;flexibility;life history;mathematical model;microbial;next generation sequencing;novel;pathogen;pleiotropism;predictive modeling;research study;simulation;success;theories;trait
248 Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Consumption;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;emerging pathogen;fight against;fighting;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
249 Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Consumption;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;fight against;fighting;pathogen;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
250 Address;Affect;Amino Acid Sequence;Attenuated;Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine;Attenuated Vaccines;Back;Bacteriophages;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Cell Culture Techniques;Codon Nucleotides;Communicable Diseases;Consumption;Disease Outbreaks;Engineering;Epidemic;Evolution;Future;Generations;Genes;Genome;Goals;Human;Immunization;Individual;Knowledge;Libraries;Measures;Methods;Modeling;Mus;Mutation;Nigeria;Oral Poliovirus Vaccine;Pathogenicity;Pathway interactions;Pattern;Poliomyelitis;Population;Population Sizes;Property;Recovery;Research;Russia;System;Testing;Time;Transcript;Translations;Vaccine Design;Vaccines;Variant;Viral;Viral Genes;Viral Genome;Viral Proteins;Virulence;Virus;attenuation;base;design;fight against;fighting;pathogen;prevent;rapid technique;skills;stem;success;tool;vaccine development;vaccine response
251 Affect;Area;Auditory system;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Caring;Cell Differentiation process;Cell physiology;Cells;Child;Chromosome Mapping;Chromosomes;Clinical;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Cytomegalovirus Infections;DNA;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Defect;Development;Diagnosis;Down Syndrome;Down-Regulation;Enzymes;Exhibits;Fibroblasts;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Funding;Genes;Goals;Human;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Interphase;Link;Lytic Phase;Mental Retardation;Messenger RNA;Microcephaly;Molecular;Monitor;Myelin P0 Protein;Neonatal;Neuraxis;Neurons;Parents;Play;Population;Proteins;Research;Role;Sampling;Site;Specimen;Stem cells;Syndrome;Testing;Time;Tissues;Translating;Viral Antigens;Viral Proteins;Virion;Virus;Work;brain tissue;congenital infection;dimer;economic cost;fetal;hearing impairment;improved;in vitro Model;interest;migration;neonate;nerve stem cell;nidogen-1;prevent;public health relevance;repaired;research study;response
252 Affect;Area;Auditory system;Binding Proteins;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Blindness;Brain;Caring;Cell Differentiation process;Cell physiology;Cells;Child;Chromosome Mapping;Chromosomes;Clinical;Congenital Abnormality;Cytomegalovirus;Cytomegalovirus Infections;DNA;DNA Damage;DNA Repair;Defect;Development;Diagnosis;Down Syndrome;Down-Regulation;Enzymes;Exhibits;Fibroblasts;Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization;Funding;Genes;Goals;Human;In Vitro;Infant;Infection;Interphase;Link;Lytic Phase;Mental Retardation;Messenger RNA;Microcephaly;Molecular;Monitor;Myelin P0 Protein;Neonatal;Neuraxis;Neurons;Parents;Play;Population;Proteins;Research;Role;Sampling;Site;Specimen;Stem cells;Syndrome;Testing;Time;Tissues;Translating;Viral Antigens;Viral Proteins;Virion;Virus;Work;brain tissue;congenital infection;dimer;economic cost;fetal;hearing impairment;improved;in vitro Model;interest;migration;neonate;nerve stem cell;nidogen-1;prevent;public health relevance;repaired;research study;response
253 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
254 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
255 Advisory Committees;Affect;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Caliber;Collaborations;Community Outreach;Education;Environment;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Fellowship;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Health Sciences;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Individual;Institution;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Public Health;Research;Research Infrastructure;Science;Scientist;Seeds;Services;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Technology;Universities;base;career;college;graduate student;improved;laboratory facility;meetings;next generation;programs;research facility;science education;success;undergraduate student
256 Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;graduate student;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
257 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino Population;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;community engagement;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
258 Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Populations;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
259 Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;community engagement;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student;underserved students
260 Administrative Supplement;Apoptotic;Area;Award;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cell Death;Cells;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer Assisted;Computer-Assisted Image Analysis;Computers;Data;Data Science;Data Set;Development;Developmental Biology;Discipline;Disease;Environment;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Genes;Group Meetings;Homeostasis;Hypertrophy;Idaho;Image;Image Analysis;Immunologist;Injury;Institution;Investments;Ion Channel;Laboratories;Learning;Machine Learning;Medical Imaging;Mentors;Microglia;Modeling;Modernization;Molecular Biology;Molecular Computers;Morphology;Muller's cell;Natural regeneration;Neuraxis;Parents;Pattern;Persons;Phagocytes;Phototransduction;Population;Principal Investigator;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Retina;Retinal Degeneration;Role;Rural;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Techniques;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;Zebrafish;analysis pipeline;automated analysis;base;bioimaging;biological research;career;college;computer science;confocal imaging;daughter cell;experience;experimental study;ganglion cell;gene function;improved;innovation;interest;large datasets;macrophage;meetings;melanopsin;microscopic imaging;migration;mutant;nerve stem cell;optical imaging;pathogen;programs;quantitative imaging;rapid testing;transcriptome;undergraduate student;virtual;vision science
261 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Authorization documentation;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Graduate Education;Grant;Health;Hispanic Populations;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino Population;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;community engagement;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;forging;graduate school;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate education;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
262 Address;Advisory Committees;Articulation;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Computer Assisted;Coupled;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Rejuvenation;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Training and Education;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;allergic response;built environment;career;community college;computer program;conflict resolution;doctoral student;drug development;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;novel therapeutics;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
263 Biomedical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Education;Fostering;Idaho;Mentors;Research;Research Personnel;Research Support;Students;programs
264 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
265 Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States Department of Agriculture;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;web site
266 Academy;Address;Adipose tissue;Administrative Supplement;Adverse effects;Affect;Age;American;Award;Bioenergetics;Biogenesis;Breast Feeding;Cell Respiration;Clinical;Core Facility;Data;Development;Diabetes Mellitus;Diabetic mother;Electron Microscopy;Environment;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Gene Proteins;Genes;Gestational Diabetes;Glucose Intolerance;Goals;Hispanics;Idaho;Image;Impairment;Income;Infant;Infant Health;Insulin Resistance;Insulin Signaling Pathway;Insulin deficiency;Intervention;Investments;Knowledge;Label;Laboratory Research;Lactation;Lead;Link;Liver;Mammary gland;Maternal Health;Measures;Metabolic;Metabolic Diseases;Metabolism;Methods;Milk;Mitochondria;Modeling;Molecular;Morphology;Mothers;Muscle;Native Americans;Outcome;Oxidative Stress;Parents;Pathology;Pathway interactions;Pediatrics;Performance;Physiological;Physiology;Play;Population;Poverty;Pregnancy;Proteins;Proteomics;Public Health;Publications;Rattus;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Respiration;Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction;Risk;Role;Rural;Rural Community;Rural Population;Science;Scientist;Services;Shotguns;Signal Transduction;Skeletal Muscle;Structure;Students;Techniques;Testing;Tissues;Tribes;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Woman;Women's Health;Work;World Health Organization;density;diabetic;ethnic minority population;experience;experimental study;graduate student;health disparity;improved;infant morbidity/mortality;innovation;mammary;maternal diabetes;maternal morbidity;milk production;milk supply;milk volume;mitochondrial dysfunction;next generation;pregnant;professor;programs;racial minority;student training;success;targeted treatment;therapy development;type I and type II diabetes;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
267 2019-nCoV;Administrative Supplement;Age;Appearance;Bioinformatics;Biology;COVID testing;COVID-19 testing;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Centers of Research Excellence;Clinical;Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Core Facility;Coupled;Data;Deposition;Disease Outbreaks;Environment;Event;Funding;Genbank;Gender;Genome;Genomics;Geography;Health;Health Professional;Health education;Holidays;Hospitals;Idaho;Immunization;Influenza;Institutional Review Boards;Journals;Laboratories;Link;Mandatory Testing;Metadata;Monitor;Mutation;Outcome;Peer Review;Policies;Population;Positioning Attribute;Primary Care Physician;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Research;Research Design;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Rural;Rural Community;SARS-CoV-2 genome;SARS-CoV-2 positive;SARS-CoV-2 transmission;SARS-CoV-2 variant;Sampling;Sequence Analysis;Severity of illness;Socioeconomic Status;Testing;Time;Travel;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Variant;Viral;Viral Genome;Work;age group;base;bioinformatics infrastructure;computerized data processing;data repository;data sharing;genome analysis;genome sequencing;improved;infection rate;pandemic disease;programs;repository;rural underserved;study population;success;surveillance study;underserved area;university student;viral genomics;welfare
268 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;community engagement;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
269 Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Populations;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
270 Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;web site
271 Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;graduate student;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
272 Address;Advisory Committees;Articulation;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Rejuvenation;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Training and Education;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;built environment;career;community college;conflict resolution;doctoral student;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
273 Abbreviations;Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical Education;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Qualifying;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;career;career development;community college;community engagement;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student;underserved students
274 Administrative Supplement;Aging;Bioinformatics;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Hardware;Core Facility;Data;Data Science;Data Science Core;Data Storage and Retrieval;Equipment;Faculty;Funding;Funding Mechanisms;Genome;High Performance Computing;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Investments;Research;Research Activity;Research Personnel;Research Support;Secure;Services;Site;Software Engineering;System;Technical Expertise;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;college;computer infrastructure;deep learning;equipment acquisition;experience;improved;programs
275 Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;Workforce Development;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;formative assessment;graduate student;higher education;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
276 Advertising;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;graduate student;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;success;undergraduate student
277 Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Dedications;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Specialized Center;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States Department of Agriculture;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;genome resource;graduate student;improved;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student;web site
278 Address;Administrative Supplement;Affect;Agonist;Analytical Chemistry;Astrocytes;Award;Biological Assay;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Brain;Brain Neoplasms;Calcium;Calcium Signaling;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell Membrane Permeability;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Centers of Research Excellence;Coculture Techniques;Collaborations;Conditioned Culture Media;Core Facility;Coupled;Data;Development;Endothelial Cells;Environment;Epithelial;Epithelium;Exposure to;Feedback;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Gene Expression;Glioblastoma;Glioma;Glutamate Receptor;Glutamates;Goals;High Pressure Liquid Chromatography;Hypoxia;Idaho;Injury;Institution;Investments;Knowledge;Laboratories;Lead;Learning;Malignant neoplasm of brain;Measures;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Biology;Necrosis;Neurons;Pathology;Physiological;Receptor Gene;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Assistant;Research Personnel;Research Support;Role;Scientist;Serum;Signal Transduction;Site;Small Interfering RNA;Students;Supporting Cell;Survival Rate;Talents;Testing;Tight Junctions;Time;Tumor-Derived;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;base;blood-brain barrier permeabilization;cancer cell;college;effective therapy;experience;improved;innovation;migration;monolayer;neoplastic cell;novel;professor;programs;ratiometric;receptor;student mentoring;tumor;tumor growth;undergraduate student
279 Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;community engagement;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student;underserved students
280 Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
281 Address;Administrator;Advisory Committees;Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biostatistics Core;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Complement;Core Facility;Degree program;Development;Disadvantaged;Discipline;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Environment;Equipment;Evaluation;Faculty;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Generations;Geography;Goals;Grant;Health;Hispanics;Idaho;Industry;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Latino;Letters;Link;Mentors;Mining;Modernization;Montana;Native Americans;New Mexico;Population;Postdoctoral Fellow;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Reproducibility;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Schools;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Seasons;Services;Signal Transduction;Source;Students;Talents;Technology;Time;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Visit;Wages;Work;authority;base;career;college;community college;document outlines;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;health disparity;higher education;improved;innovation;laboratory equipment;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;novel strategies;programs;research facility;rural underserved;skills;tribal college;undergraduate student
282 Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;Workforce Development;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;formative assessment;graduate student;higher education;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
283 Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Community Networks;Development;Education;Eligibility Determination;Environment;Faculty;Funding;Health;Human;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Mentors;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Science;Signal Transduction;Students;Technology;Training;Workforce Development;base;biomedical scientist;career;community college;expectation;experience;formative assessment;graduate student;higher education;improved;innovation;next generation;programs;public health relevance;success;undergraduate student
284 Acute;Administrative Supplement;Affect;American;Anxiety;Attention;Award;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Child;Child Health;Choline;Chronic;Cognition;Cognitive;Complex;Consumption;Data;Development;Diet;Dietary Intervention;Dietary Practices;Dietary intake;Disease;Educational Intervention;Educational Materials;Emotional;Employment;Food;Food Access;Future;Goals;Guidelines;Health;Healthcare;High Prevalence;Household;Idaho;Income;Individual;Intervention;Intervention Studies;Intervention Trial;Iodine;Knowledge;Lactation;Longevity;Low income;Marital Status;Measures;Memory;Mental Depression;Mental Health;Methodology;Montana;Mothers;Neurologic;Nutrient;Nutritional;Nutritional Requirements;Observational Study;Outcome;Parents;Patients;Pattern;Perinatal;Physicians;Population;Postpartum Period;Pregnancy;Pregnant Women;Prenatal care;Prevalence;Psyche structure;Public Health;Randomized;Recommendation;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Risk;Risk Reduction;Rural;Sample Size;Science;Self Perception;Signal Transduction;Specialist;Stress;Students;Study Subject;Surveys;Testing;Training;Translating;Underserved Population;Unhealthy Diet;United States;United States Department of Agriculture;Variant;Vitamin B Complex;Vitamin D;Well in self;Woman;Women's Health;Work;Wyoming;behavior change;cognitive function;cohort;demographics;design;dietary;dietary guidelines;education access;executive function;fetal;frontier;high risk;improved;innovation;maternal depression;medical schools;mother nutrition;negative affect;nutrition;nutrition education;perinatal health;perinatal period;perinatal women;peripartum depression;physical conditioning;pregnant;programs;prospective;psychologic;recruit;rural underrepresented;satisfaction;social;therapy design;tool;underserved community
285 3-Dimensional;A549;Address;Administrative Supplement;Affect;Allergic;Asthma;Atopic Dermatitis;Binding;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cell Culture Techniques;Cellular biology;Centers of Research Excellence;Central Nervous System;Collaborations;Complex;Computer Assisted;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Core Facility;Coupled;Couples;Data;Data Science;Data Science Core;Development;Dinucleoside Phosphates;Effectiveness;Environment;Excretory function;Fostering;Free Energy;Funding;Future;Goals;Health;Human;Hypersensitivity;Hypoxanthines;IL13RA1 gene;Idaho;Immunology;Infrastructure;Institution;Interleukin-13;Interleukin-4;Intravenous infusion procedures;Investments;Laboratories;Lead;Learning;Libraries;Life;Ligand Binding;Ligands;Malignant Epithelial Cell;Metabolism;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Biology;Molecular Profiling;Monoclonal Antibodies;Mouse Cell Line;Niacinamide;Outcome;Persons;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Quality of life;Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship;Receptor Signaling;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Specificity;Structure;Students;Supporting Cell;System;Talents;Testing;Therapeutic;Tissues;Toxic effect;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Validation;Work;absorption;allergic airway inflammation;allergic response;biomedical scientist;candidate identification;career;computer program;design;drug candidate;drug development;drug discovery;experience;graduate student;human disease;in silico;knock-down;lung Carcinoma;mortality;mouse model;novel;novel therapeutics;pharmacophore;programs;receptor;receptor binding;screening;small hairpin RNA;synergism;targeted treatment;three-dimensional visualization;tissue culture;undergraduate research experience;undergraduate student
286 Address;Advisory Committees;Articulation;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Eligibility Determination;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Persons;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Rejuvenation;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Training and Education;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;built environment;career;community college;conflict resolution;doctoral student;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
287 Acute;Aging;Alleles;Award;Bioinformatics;Blindness;Bromodeoxyuridine;Cell Separation;Cells;Collection;Defect;Degenerative Disorder;Development;Embryo;Erinaceidae;Evaluation;Event;Eye;Funding;Gene Chips;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Gene Targeting;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Human;Inherited;Lead;Life;Longevity;Maintenance;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Mutation;Pathology;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Prevention;Property;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Reporting;Research;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Diseases;Role;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrate Photoreceptors;Vision;Visual;Work;Zebrafish;age related;base;cell type;extracellular;gene replacement therapy;gene therapy;in vivo;loss of function;mutant;neurogenesis;notch protein;progenitor;research study;response;retinal damage;retinal progenitor cell;retinal rods;smoothened signaling pathway;tool;two-dimensional
288 Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Image;Immersion Investigative Technique;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt's disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic resource;human model;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
289 3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Human X Chromosome;Image;Immersion;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt's disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
290 3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Human X Chromosome;Image;Immersion;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt's disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;differential expression;differentiation protocol;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;regenerative approach;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;translational applications;vision science
291 Age related macular degeneration;Blindness;Cell physiology;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Communities;Cone;Development;Disease;Embryo;Event;Funding;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Goals;Grant;Human;Image;In Situ Hybridization;Injury;Label;Laboratories;Lead;Lesion;Life;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Molecular;Molecular Genetics;Natural regeneration;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Patients;Pattern;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Plastics;Property;Protocols documentation;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Reporting;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Pigments;Retinitis Pigmentosa;Retinoid Receptor;Retinoids;Series;Signal Transduction;Sorting - Cell Movement;Stem cells;Techniques;Technology;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Time;Transgenic Organisms;Transplantation;Treatment Protocols;Vertebrates;Zebrafish;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;extracellular;gene replacement therapy;gene therapy;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;in vivo;induced pluripotent stem cell;loss of function;photoreceptor progenitor;progenitor;promoter;public health relevance;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal neuron;retinal progenitor cell;retinal regeneration;retinal rods;small molecule;stem cell differentiation;transcriptome sequencing;vision science
292 3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Human X Chromosome;Image;Immersion;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Retina;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt's disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell replacement therapy;cell type;differential expression;differentiation protocol;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic manipulation;genetic resource;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;regenerative approach;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
293 3-Dimensional;Affect;Age related macular degeneration;Cells;Chromosomes, Human, X;Clinic;Collaborations;Color Visions;Color blindness;Communities;Cone;Data;Defect;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Event;Exons;Eye diseases;Functional disorder;Future;Gene Expression;Generations;Genes;Genetic;Genome;Goals;Grant;Heritability;Human;Image;Immersion Investigative Technique;In Vitro;Injury;Knowledge;Lead;Link;Mammals;Measurement;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Molecular;Myopia;Natural regeneration;Nuclear Receptors;Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences;Opsin;Organoids;Pattern;Pharmacology;Phenotype;Photoreceptors;Population;Primates;Process;Protocols documentation;Public Health;Publishing;Receptor Signaling;Regenerative Medicine;Regulation;Replacement Therapy;Retina;Retinal;Retinal Cone;Retinal Degeneration;Retinal Diseases;Retinal Pigments;Retinoids;Role;Sampling;Series;Signal Transduction;Signaling Molecule;Stargardt's disease;Therapeutic;Thyroid Hormones;Transplantation;Tretinoin;Vertebrates;X Chromosome;Zebrafish;analog;base;cell type;differential expression;embryo stage 2;gain of function;genetic resource;human model;human stem cells;in vivo;in vivo evaluation;induced pluripotent stem cell;insight;loss of function;novel;paralogous gene;progenitor;promoter;receptor;regenerative;response;retinal regeneration;sensory system;small molecule;teleost fish;transcriptome;vision science
294 Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
295 Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
296 Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
297 Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Solutions;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
298 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;Faculty;Funding;General Population;Generations;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Rural;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;interest;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;science education;scientific literacy;skills;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;university student
299 Advisory Committees;Area;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Environment;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Individual;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Phase;Pilot Projects;Principal Investigator;Productivity;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Role;Running;Series;Surveys;System;Training;Universities;career development;college;data literacy;early-career faculty;experience;faculty mentor;meetings;member;next generation;outreach;peer;programs;recruit;success;web site;working group
300 Antibiotics;Attention;Biological;Clostridium difficile;Communities;Complex;Data;Development;Disease;Environment;Etiology;Foundations;Goals;Health;Health Promotion;Human;Human Microbiome;Individual;Infection;Irritable Bowel Syndrome;Mathematics;Measures;Mediating;Methodology;Methods;Microbe;Modeling;Modernization;Outcome;Phase;Population;Population Dynamics;Population Genetics;Property;Research;Research Personnel;Resistance;Resources;Risk;Series;Statistical Methods;Time;Toxin;Translating;Work;alpha Toxin;base;clinically relevant;data analysis pipeline;design;high risk;innovation;interest;mathematical model;member;microbial;microbial community;microbiome;microbiome research;microorganism interaction;novel;pathogen;repaired;resilience;theories;tool;trait;vaginal microbiome
301 Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;International;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Stains;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Workforce Development;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;formative assessment;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;student training;undergraduate student
302 Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Recruitment Activity;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;base;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;senior faculty
303 Academy;Area;Assessment tool;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;laboratory experiment;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;student training;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
304 Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;undergraduate student
305 Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity;transcriptomics
306 Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Calcified;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Developing Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Physiological;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;experimental study;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function
307 Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Formulation;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Modulus;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;experimental study;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;repaired;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy;viscoelasticity
308 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Technology;Time;Tissues;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;undergraduate student
309 Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Developing Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Individual;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Physiological;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;experimental study;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function
310 Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Dimensions;Disease;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Formulation;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histologic;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Modulus;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;density;design;experimental study;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;mechanical properties;mechanotransduction;repaired;restoration;simulation;societal costs;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy;viscoelasticity
311 Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Methodology;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success;synergism
312 Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Time;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;formative assessment;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
313 Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;genomic data;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
314 Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Recruitment Activity;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;senior faculty
315 Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Respiratory tract structure;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;experimental study;in vitro Model;mathematical analysis;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;outcome prediction;pathogen;pediatric patients;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
316 Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;formative assessment;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
317 Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;genomic data;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
318 Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Process;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function;research study
319 Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
320 Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Students;Underserved Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student
321 Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;International;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Staining method;Stains;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Workforce Development;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;formative assessment;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;student training;undergraduate student
322 Affect;Bayesian Analysis;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computational Technique;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Health Policy;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Network;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computerized tools;flexibility;human pathogen;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
323 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health;Human Resources;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Measures;Mentors;Natural regeneration;Patient Care;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Reagent;Records;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training and Infrastructure;Translating;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;experience;graduate student;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;tool
324 AKT2 gene;Adhesions;Adhesives;Animal Model;Attenuated;Basement membrane;Biology;Blood - brain barrier anatomy;Cell physiology;Cells;Cellular biology;Centers of Research Excellence;Complex;Computer Simulation;Data;Data Set;Dementia;Development;Disease;Down-Regulation;Encephalopathies;Endothelial Cells;Endothelium;Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis;Experimental Models;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;FOXO1A gene;Follow-Up Studies;Functional disorder;Gene Transfer;Genes;Goals;Homeostasis;Impairment;In Vitro;Inflammation;Inflammation Mediators;Inflammatory;Injury;Integrins;Intervention;Knock-in Mouse;Knockout Mice;Knowledge;Laboratories;Leucine;Liquid substance;Maintenance;Mediating;Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain;Molecular;Molecular Analysis;Multiple Sclerosis;Mus;Neuraxis;Outcome;Pathogenicity;Permeability;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiological;Property;Protein Isoforms;Proteins;Proteoglycan;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;RNA;Regulation;Reporting;Research;Role;Running;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Source;Stroke;Testing;Tetanus Helper Peptide;Tight Junctions;Translating;Traumatic injury;United States;Up-Regulation;Work;autocrine;base;biglycan;brain endothelial cell;cost;decorin;design;experimental study;gene therapy;in vivo;innovation;insight;integrin-linked kinase;mouse model;neuroinflammation;new therapeutic target;novel;prevent;seal;small hairpin RNA;solute;tool
325 Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Area;Attention;Autophagocytosis;Biology;Brain;CD44 gene;Cancer cell line;Cell Culture Techniques;Cell membrane;Cell model;Cell physiology;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Characteristics;Clinical;Complex;Confocal Microscopy;Development;Disease;ECM receptor;Excision;Extracellular Matrix;FRAP1 gene;Foundations;Functional disorder;Genetic;Goals;Hyaluronic Acid;Investigation;Knowledge;Link;Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri;Mediating;Modeling;Molecular;Movement;Mutation;Nerve Degeneration;Neurodegenerative Disorders;Organelles;Outcome;Parkinson Disease;Pathway interactions;Pharmacology;Phase;Phenotype;Physiology;Positioning Attribute;Pre-Clinical Model;Predisposition;Process;Proteins;Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt;Reporting;Repression;Research;Role;Signal Transduction;Substantia nigra structure;System;Testing;Therapeutic;United States National Institutes of Health;Work;alpha synuclein;base;combat;disease-causing mutation;dopaminergic neuron;experience;improved;insight;macromolecule;motor disorder;motor symptom;mutant;neuron loss;protein aggregate;protein aggregation;protein complex;receptor;symptom treatment;therapy development;trafficking;transcriptome;transcriptome sequencing
326 Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Solutions;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
327 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;Faculty;Funding;General Population;Generations;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Rural;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;interest;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;science education;skills;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;university student
328 Applications Grants;Arteries;Arteriosclerosis;Atherosclerosis;Biology;Biomedical Research;Blood Vessels;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Cardiovascular Diseases;Centers of Research Excellence;Data;Developed Countries;Disease;Elasticity;Extracellular Matrix;Extracellular Matrix Proteins;Feedback;Funding;Future;Genetic Polymorphism;Genetic Transcription;Goals;Health;Homeostasis;Human;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Lead;Ligands;Link;Mediating;Mentors;Molecular;Process;Publishing;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;Smooth Muscle Myocytes;Societies;Testing;Tissues;Transcriptional Activation;Vascular calcification;Work;angiogenesis;base;calcification;improved;literature survey;matrix Gla protein;mineralization;notch protein;novel;prevent;protein expression;protein function;research study
329 Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Environment;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Histology;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Sampling;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;high throughput technology;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;research study;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
330 Accounting;Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Disease;Drug Formulations;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Healed;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Property;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;repaired;research study;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy
331 Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;N.I.H. Research Support;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;meetings;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;square foot;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity;transcriptomics
332 Accounting;Algorithms;Applications Grants;Articular ligaments;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Research;Cell Proliferation;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Clinical;Clinical Trials;Collagen;Collagen Fiber;Computing Methodologies;Degenerative polyarthritis;Development;Disease;Elements;Engineering;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Fiber;Formulation;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Healed;Hospitals;Incidence;Inferior;Injury;Interdisciplinary Study;Intervention;Joint Instability;Joints;Lead;Ligaments;Manuals;Measures;Mechanical Stimulation;Mechanics;Mentors;Methods;Modeling;Musculoskeletal Diseases;Nature;Outcome;Process;Property;Regenerative Medicine;Research Personnel;Research Proposals;Signal Pathway;Speed;Stimulus;Structure;Technology;Testing;Tissues;United States;Validation;Visit;Work;Wound Healing;arthropathies;base;computer framework;cost;density;design;functional restoration;healing;human subject;improved;in vivo;ligament injury;mechanical behavior;repaired;research study;restoration;simulation;soft tissue;stem;targeted treatment;therapy development;tissue repair;tool;treatment strategy
333 Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Testing;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;mouse model;novel;promoter;recombinase-mediated cassette exchange;research study;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
334 Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Nulliparity;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signaling Protein;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;experimental study;high throughput technology;histological specimens;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;inflammatory milieu;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
335 Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Consultations;Contract Services;Data;Data Analyses;Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing;Education and Outreach;Ensure;Equipment;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fees;Funding;Generations;Genomics;Genotype;Human Resources;Idaho;Institution;Knowledge;Methods;Molecular;Phase;Polymorphism Analysis;Preparation;Process;Publications;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Sampling;Services;Single Nucleotide Polymorphism;Solutions;Sum;Technical Expertise;Technology;Universities;analytical method;base;cost;holistic approach;innovation;next generation;pyrosequencing
336 Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computer Simulation;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV/TB;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Public Policy;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Environment;Social Network;Sorting - Cell Movement;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Techniques;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
337 Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Workforce Development;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;formative assessment;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;undergraduate student
338 Accounting;Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Respiratory tract structure;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Time;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;in vitro Model;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;pathogen;pediatric patients;research study;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
339 Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;experimental study;in vitro Model;mathematical analysis;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;outcome prediction;pathogenic virus;pediatric patients;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
340 Address;Animal Model;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cardiovascular system;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Disease Progression;Environment;Extracellular Matrix;Functional disorder;Funding;Goals;Health;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Liver Fibrosis;Molecular;Names;Natural regeneration;Neoplasm Metastasis;Pilot Projects;Prevention;Productivity;Reagent;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Scientist;Tissues;Universities;Vision;base;calcification;career development;disease diagnosis;instrumentation;ligament injury;member;novel strategies;programs;skills;tissue repair
341 Animals;Antibodies;Applications Grants;Award;Bioinformatics;Biological Models;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Bioreactors;Catalogs;Cell Line;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Databases;Effectiveness;Engineering;Equipment;Equipment and supply inventories;Floor;Freezing;Funding;Genetic;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Human Cell Line;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Letters;Location;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Molecular;Outcome;Physiological;Plants;Plumbing;Policies;Process;Productivity;Proteins;Proteomics;Publications;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Peer Review;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Resources;Sampling;Science;Signal Transduction;Specimen;Time;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;base;biobank;bioprinting;cell behavior;college;facility renovation;graduate student;improved;laboratory facility;meetings;operation;programs;research facility;summer research;training opportunity;undergraduate student;web site
342 Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;equipment acquisition;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
343 Academy;Area;Assessment tool;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;curriculum enhancement;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;laboratory experiment;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;student training;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
344 Animal Experimentation;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;faculty research;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;sabbatical;student training;success;training opportunity;undergraduate student
345 Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;undergraduate student
346 Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;web site
347 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tissue repair
348 Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;N.I.H. Research Support;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;meetings;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;undergraduate student
349 Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Technology;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;mouse model;novel;promoter;research study;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
350 Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;recruit;senior faculty
351 Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Methodology;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success;synergism
352 Address;Area;Assessment tool;Binding;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computational Biology;Consult;Core Facility;DNA sequencing;Data;Data Storage and Retrieval;Degree program;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational workshop;Environment;Faculty;Flow Cytometry;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Image;Image Cytometry;Infrastructure;Institutes;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Laboratories;Learning;Life Cycle Stages;Location;Mentors;Molecular;Montana;New Mexico;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Proteins;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Running;Science;Secure;Services;Signal Transduction;Site;Stream;Students;Technology;Time;Training;Training and Education;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;bioinformatics resource;bioinformatics tool;career development;college;community college;computing resources;cyber infrastructure;data management;education research;education resources;equipment acquisition;experience;faculty mentor;graduate student;innovation;laboratory experiment;lectures;member;metabolomics;online resource;operation;optical imaging;programs;repository;skills;student training;tool;transcriptome sequencing;undergraduate research;undergraduate student;web site
353 Address;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Certification;Charge;Climate;Collaborations;Committee Members;Communication;Communities;Curiosities;Degree Completion;Degree program;Development;Diverse Workforce;Education;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Evaluation;Face;Faculty;Fostering;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Idaho;Individual;Industrialization;Industry;Influentials;Infrastructure;Institution;International;Internships;Knowledge;Leadership;Link;Logistics;Medical Education;Medical Students;Mentors;Modification;Monitor;Montana;New Mexico;Outcome;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Resources;Rural;Savings;Science;Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education;Scientist;Series;Signal Transduction;Structure;Students;System;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Underrepresented Groups;Underrepresented Populations;Underserved Population;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Vision;career;cohesion;community college;conflict resolution;education research;education resources;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;formative assessment;higher education;improved;innovation;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;member;multidisciplinary;programs;recruit;research facility;science education;skills;student training;success;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
354 Address;Advisory Committees;Appointment;Area;Award;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Committee Members;Communities;Core Facility;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Educational process of instructing;Ensure;Environment;Equilibrium;Evaluation;Faculty;Feedback;Foundations;Funding;Funding Opportunities;Goals;Grant;Idaho;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Lead;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Montana;National Institute of General Medical Sciences;New Mexico;Outcome;Participant;Pathogenesis;Pilot Projects;Policies;Population;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Publications;Ramp;Recommendation;Recording of previous events;Research;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Resources;Review Committee;Science;Scientist;Secure;Selection Criteria;Signal Transduction;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Students;Underserved Students;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Work;base;career;career development;community college;experience;faculty mentor;faculty research;flexibility;health disparity;high standard;innovation;insight;interest;medical schools;multidisciplinary;novel;programs;recruit;skills training;success;undergraduate student
355 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair
356 Address;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Animal Technicians;Award;Biological Preservation;Biology;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease Progression;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Investigation;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mission;Modeling;Mus;N.I.H. Research Support;Peer Review Grants;Production;Research;Research Activity;Research Facilities Construction Grants;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Training;Rodent;Science;Scientist;Services;Students;Techniques;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Wound Healing;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;improved;infrastructure development;meetings;member;mouse model;multidisciplinary;operation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity;undergraduate student
357 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;First Generation College Students;Funding;General Population;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Internships;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Workforce Development;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;rural underserved;science education;scientific literacy;skills;summer research;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
358 Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;training opportunity;transcriptomics
359 Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Cancer Risk Factor;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth Factor;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Nulliparity;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Role;Signaling Protein;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;breast cancer progression;driving force;early pregnancy;experimental study;high throughput technology;histological specimens;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;inflammatory milieu;instrumentation;lactation period;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
360 Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacology;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;experimental study;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;liver development;mouse model;novel;promoter;recombinase-mediated cassette exchange;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
361 Acute respiratory infection;Affect;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Cause of Death;Cell Line;Cells;Childhood;Clinical;Clinical Data;Clinical Research;Collaborations;Complement;Complex;Disease;Disease Outcome;Dose;Economics;Epithelial Cells;Event;Exhibits;Gene Expression;Genetic Variation;Goals;Growth;Histopathology;Hospitalization;Human;Human Cell Line;Immune;Immune response;Immune system;Immunology;In Vitro;Individual;Infection;Inflammatory;Lead;Lower respiratory tract structure;Lung;Lung diseases;Mediating;Methods;Modeling;Monitor;Morbidity - disease rate;Mouse Strains;Mus;Organism;Outcome;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Patients;Population;Recovery;Research;Respiratory System;Rodent Model;Severity of illness;Statistical Data Interpretation;Statistical Models;Testing;Viral;Viral Load result;Virus;Virus Diseases;co-infection;diagnostic assay;experimental study;in vitro Model;mathematical analysis;mathematical model;molecular diagnostics;mortality;mouse model;outcome prediction;pathogen;pediatric patients;respiratory;respiratory virus;response;transcriptome
362 Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Exposure to;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;co-infection;epidemiologic data;epidemiology study;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector;viral transmission;virology
363 Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computational Technique;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Health Policy;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Network;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
364 Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;co-infection;epidemiologic data;epidemiology study;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector;viral transmission;virology
365 Affect;Behavior;Biological;Biological Factors;Characteristics;Complex;Computational Technique;Computer Simulation;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Collection;Data Set;Decision Making;Environment;Epidemic;Food;Frequencies;Future;Goals;HIV;Home environment;Human;Individual;Infection;Influenza;Institution;Lead;Methods;Modeling;Nonlinear Dynamics;Pattern;Phase;Population;Positioning Attribute;Predisposition;Probability;Process;Public Health;Public Policy;Quarantine;Recommendation;Research;Research Design;Respiratory Tract Infections;Schools;Sleep;Social Network;Source;Specific qualifier value;Structure;System;Vaccinated;Vaccination;Viral;Water;Work;base;behavior influence;behavioral response;co-infection;comparative;computer based statistical methods;computerized tools;flexibility;improved;insight;mathematical model;pathogen;simulation;social;spatiotemporal;tool;transmission process
366 Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Evaluation;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;undergraduate student
367 Academy;Area;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Commit;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Confidentiality;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Exercise;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
368 Animals;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Staging;Students;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;success
369 Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
370 Animals;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Staging;Students;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;success
371 Area;Award;Biochemistry;Bioinformatics;Biological Sciences;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Chemistry;Communities;Computer Analysis;Computer software;Core Facility;Data Analyses;Discipline;Disease Progression;Education;Electrical Engineering;Engineering;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Funding;Future;Goals;Growth;Histology;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Manuscripts;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Medical center;Microscopy;Mission;Natural regeneration;Peer Review;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Physics;Play;Production;Proteomics;Publishing;Recombinant Proteins;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Schools;Science;Senior Scientist;Service delivery model;Services;Students;Therapeutic;Time;Tissues;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Veterans;Vision;Work;base;career;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;materials science;metabolomics;microscopic imaging;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;operation;programs;repaired;success;therapeutic development;tissue regeneration;tissue repair;transcriptomics
372 Algorithms;Anatomy;Attention;Breast;Breast Cancer Early Detection;Cause of Death;Characteristics;Complex;Computer-Assisted Diagnosis;Computing Methodologies;Data;Data Set;Detection;Devices;Diagnosis;Disease;Early Diagnosis;Evaluation;Fatty acid glycerol esters;Feedback;Female;Goals;Human;Image;Image Analysis;Imaging Device;Imaging Techniques;Judgment;Knowledge;Location;Malignant Neoplasms;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Neoplasms;Mammary Ultrasonography;Mammary gland;Manuals;Mathematics;Medical;Medical Imaging;Methodology;Methods;Modeling;Morphologic artifacts;Nature;Neural Network Simulation;Noise;Output;Painless;Performance;Process;Property;Reproducibility;Research;Shapes;Survival Rate;Testing;Texture;Tissue imaging;Tissues;Training;Tumor-Associated Process;Ultrasonography;United States;Universities;Update;Utah;Variant;Visual;Woman;Work;advanced breast cancer;base;breast imaging;clinical examination;computer aided detection;computerized tools;convolutional neural network;cost effective;deep learning;human model;image processing;imaging Segmentation;imaging properties;improved;innovation;learning strategy;malignant breast neoplasm;medical schools;model development;prospective;radiologist;spatial relationship;success;tool;tumor
373 Academy;Area;Assessment tool;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;curriculum enhancement;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;laboratory experiment;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;student training;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
374 Animal Experimentation;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;faculty research;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;sabbatical;student training;success;training opportunity;undergraduate student
375 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;First Generation College Students;Funding;General Population;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Internships;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Workforce Development;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;rural underserved;science education;scientific literacy;skills;summer research;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
376 Address;Advisory Committees;Animal Model;Annual Reports;Biology;Biomedical Research;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Development;Disease;Disease Progression;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Engineering;Ensure;Evaluation;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Health;Human Resources;Individual;Institutes;Interdisciplinary Study;Investments;Knowledge;Mentors;Mission;Natural regeneration;Organ;Pain;Patient Care;Peer Review;Pilot Projects;Positioning Attribute;Productivity;Program Development;Program Research Project Grants;Quality of life;Reagent;Records;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Science;Scientist;Students;Talents;Teacher Professional Development;Technology;Time;Tissues;Translating;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Writing;base;career;career development;design;graduate student;improved;infrastructure development;instrumentation;materials science;member;multidisciplinary;programs;research facility;response;success;tenure track;tissue repair;undergraduate student
377 Address;Affinity;Applications Grants;Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor;Biological Assay;Biology;Biomedical Research;Carbon Tetrachloride;Cause of Death;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Type I;DNA-Binding Proteins;Development;Dioxins;Environment;Environmental Pollution;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrosis;Funding;Future;Gene Activation;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profiling;Genes;Genome;Goals;Growth Factor;Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs;Hepatic Stellate Cell;Hepatocyte;Human;In Vitro;Inflammation;Investigation;Knockout Mice;Ligands;Ligation;Link;Liver;Liver Cirrhosis;Liver Fibrosis;Liver diseases;Measures;Mediating;Mentors;Modeling;Mus;Myofibroblast;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Pharmacology;Physiological;Physiological Processes;Process;Receptor Activation;Receptor Signaling;Recovery;Research Personnel;Role;Signal Pathway;Signal Transduction;System;Testing;Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin;Therapeutic;Therapeutic Uses;Toxic effect;Transgenic Mice;Variant;Wild Type Mouse;Work;Wound Healing;base;bile duct;chronic liver disease;comparative;cytokine;design;experimental study;in vivo;inhibitor/antagonist;liver development;mouse model;novel;promoter;recombinase-mediated cassette exchange;response;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing
378 Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
379 Alaska;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Collection;Communicable Diseases;Data Analyses;Development;Doctor of Philosophy;Education;Educational process of instructing;Escherichia coli;Evaluation;Fostering;Funding;Grant;IACUC;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Leadership;Medical Education;Mentors;Microbiology;Montana;Pathogenesis;Positioning Attribute;Program Research Project Grants;Research;Research Personnel;Research Training;Scientist;Signal Transduction;Students;Training;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Washington;Wyoming;Yersinia pestis;college;experience;innovation;member;microbial;outreach;professor;programs;undergraduate student
380 Academy;Area;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Complement;Computational Biology;Computer software;Confidentiality;Data;Data Set;Databases;Doctor of Philosophy;Economic Development;Educational Curriculum;Educational process of instructing;Educational workshop;Exercise;Faculty;Fees;Funding;Gene Expression Profiling;Grant;High Performance Computing;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human Resources;Idaho;Industry;Institution;Knowledge;Laboratories;Life Cycle Stages;Mentors;Mission;Online Systems;Participant;Phylogenetic Analysis;Postdoctoral Fellow;Proteomics;Qualifying;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Security;Services;Signal Transduction;Statistical Models;Students;Technical Expertise;Technology;Training;Training Programs;Training and Education;Universities;base;community college;computer cluster;cyber infrastructure;data management;design;graduate student;lectures;mass spectrometer;programs;protein structure;research and development;science education;skills;tool;undergraduate research;virtual;web site
381 Administrator;Advisory Committees;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Consult;Core Facility;Data Quality;Employee;Ensure;Evolution;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Funding;Genomics;Grant;Idaho;Individual;Institutes;Investments;Mentors;Phase;Positioning Attribute;Principal Investigator;Process;Program Development;Quality Control;Regulation;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Institute;Research Personnel;Resource Sharing;Scientific Advances and Accomplishments;Services;Structure;System;Technology;Universities;Wages;animal care;base;data management;expectation;experience;financial decision making;human subject;operation;organizational structure;payment;success
382 Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Models;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Housing;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Left;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Staging;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success
383 Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Epidemiologic Studies;Epidemiology;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;base;co-infection;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogen;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector;viral transmission;virology
384 Animals;Area;Biomedical Research;Budgets;Clinical;Collaborations;Development;Educational process of instructing;Environment;Faculty;Faculty Recruitment;Fellowship;Fostering;Funding;Graduate Education;Grant;Human Subject Research;Idaho;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Participant;Postdoctoral Fellow;Preparation;Process;Productivity;Program Research Project Grants;Qualifying;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Seeds;Signal Transduction;Staging;Students;Teacher Professional Development;Training;Writing;design;expectation;experience;faculty research;improved;instrumentation;programs;research and development;responsible research conduct;sabbatical;student training;success;training opportunity
385 Accounting;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Biotechnology;Development;Educational process of instructing;First Generation College Students;Funding;General Population;Goals;Health;Health care facility;Hispanics;Home environment;Idaho;Immersion Investigative Technique;Industry;Institution;Internships;Labor Forces;Laboratories;Laboratory Research;Latino;Manuscripts;Mentors;Monitor;Native Americans;Oral;Outcome;Participant;Performance;Population Sciences;Research;Research Ethics;Rural;Schools;Science;Series;Students;Talents;Training;Underrepresented Minority;Work;Workforce Development;Writing;career;community college;demographics;design;experience;faculty mentor;interest;laboratory experience;literacy;medical schools;outreach;posters;programs;responsible research conduct;science education;scientific literacy;skills;summer research;symposium;undergraduate research;undergraduate student
386 Advisory Committees;Biomedical Research;Communication;Communities;Complex;Databases;Educational workshop;Evaluation;Faculty;Funding;Goals;Grooming;Holly;Idaho;Individual;Interdisciplinary Communication;Measures;Medical;Mentors;Modeling;Monitor;Participant;Process;Recording of previous events;Reporting;Research;Research Personnel;Running;Series;Stress;Structure;Universities;expectation;experience;improved;meetings;member;next generation;operation;outreach;peer coaching;programs;recruit;senior faculty
387 Address;Award;Bioinformatics;Biology;Biomedical Research;Biometry;Businesses;Cell Nucleus;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Computer Analysis;Core Facility;Data;Data Analyses;Disease;Disease Progression;Education;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Funding;Future;Genomics;Goals;Grant;Growth;Histology;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Image;Imagery;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Laboratories;Maintenance;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Microscopy;Modeling;N.I.H. Research Support;Natural regeneration;Peer Review Grants;Proteomics;Research;Research Activity;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Training;Role;Running;Science;Senior Scientist;Services;Students;Time;Tissues;Training;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;base;college;cyber infrastructure;data acquisition;instrumentation;meetings;metabolomics;models and simulation;next generation sequencing;novel strategies;operation;programs;repaired;square foot;success;therapeutic development;transcriptomics
388 Address;Administrator;Area;Attention;Behavior;Biological;Biological Process;Biology;Biotechnology;Cell Nucleus;Communication;Communities;Complex;Consultations;Data;Discipline;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Face;Faculty;Formulation;Fostering;Goals;Health;Human;Individual;Interdisciplinary Study;Language;Methodology;Modeling;Nature;Participant;Play;Positioning Attribute;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Role;Sampling;Services;Severity of illness;Social Environment;Specialist;Time;Training;Viral;Vision;Visit;Work;biological research;co-infection;graduate student;improved;innovation;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;interest;meetings;member;outreach;skills;success;synergism
389 Address;Adult;Affect;Antiviral Response;Binding;Biological Models;Collaborations;Communicable Diseases;Communities;Complement;Complex;Data;Data Set;Demography;Development;Drosophila C virus;Drosophila genus;Environment;Exposure to;Fertility;Future;Gene Expression;Genetic;Goals;Growth;Human;Idaho;Immune response;Immunology;Individual;Infection;Insecta;Invertebrates;Laboratories;Lead;Metabolic Clearance Rate;Modeling;Molecular;Organism;Outcome;Parents;Pathogenesis;Pathology;Population;Population Dynamics;Process;Property;Public Health;Research;Satellite Viruses;Statistical Models;System;Technology;Testing;Time;Universities;Viral;Viral Vector;Virus;Virus Diseases;Work;co-infection;epidemiologic data;epidemiology study;expectation;fly;interest;mathematical model;mortality;offspring;oral infection;pathogenic virus;response;tool;transcriptome;transmission process;vector-borne;viral transmission;virology
390 Address;Area;Biological;Biomedical Research;Centers of Research Excellence;Communities;Complex;Computer Hardware;Computer software;Data;Development;Educational workshop;Ensure;Experimental Designs;Extramural Activities;Faculty;Feedback;Formulation;Foundations;Funding;Goals;Grant;Health;Human;Idaho;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Knowledge;Language;Link;Machine Learning;Modeling;Outcome;Participant;Phase;Play;Postdoctoral Fellow;Process;Publications;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Role;Science;Students;Technology;Training;Universities;Ursidae Family;Work;Writing;base;college;experience;improved;insight;interdisciplinary collaboration;member;molecular modeling;recruit;success;synergism;tool;working group
391 Affect;Algorithms;Alleles;Automobile Driving;Biological;Breast Cancer Patient;Clinical Data;Complex;Computing Methodologies;Confounding Factors (Epidemiology);DNA Methylation;DNA Sequence;Development;Diagnosis;Disease;Disease model;Epigenetic Process;Etiology;Gene Combinations;Gene Expression;Gene Expression Profile;Genes;Genetic Transcription;Genetic Variation;Genotype;Goals;Individual;Lead;Link;Malignant Neoplasms;Methods;Methylation;Modeling;Mutation;Patients;Phenotype;Plant Roots;Population;Process;Randomized;Regulator Genes;Regulatory Pathway;Research;Role;Symptoms;Testing;Time;Transcription Process;base;cancer subtypes;clinical phenotype;complex data ;disorder subtype;effective therapy;experimental study;genetic variant;genomic data;interest;malignant breast neoplasm;molecular phenotype;network models;new therapeutic target;novel;simulation;tumor;tumor progression
392 Accreditation;Administrative Supplement;Animal Experimentation;Animal Housing;Animal Model;Award;Biological Models;Biology;Biomedical Engineering;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Collaborations;Communities;Complement;Computer software;Core Facility;Disease Progression;Doctor of Philosophy;Engineering;Environment;Equipment;Experimental Designs;Extracellular Matrix;Faculty;Fee-for-Service Plans;Fostering;Foundations;Functional disorder;Funding;Future;Goals;Grant;Growth;Health Sciences;Housing;Human Resources;Idaho;Immunodeficient Mouse;Individual;Infrastructure;Institution;Interdisciplinary Study;Investigation;Laboratory Research;Maintenance;Modeling;Mus;Peer Review Grants;Phase;Production;Rattus;Research;Research Infrastructure;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Research Support;Research Technics;Research Training;Rodent;Schedule;Service delivery model;Services;Students;System;Time;Training;Training and Education;Trust;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Work;Wound Healing;Zebrafish;animal care;base;college;cost;design;graduate student;human disease;meetings;member;multidisciplinary;new growth;operation;preservation;programs;responsible research conduct;tissue regeneration;training opportunity
393 Address;Affect;Anatomy;Arthritis;Biological;Biological Factors;Biological Markers;Biology;Biomechanics;Biomedical Engineering;Cadaver;Cartilage;Centers of Research Excellence;Collagen Fibril;Computer Simulation;Custom;Data;Degenerative polyarthritis;Early Intervention;Elements;Evaluation;Excision;Exercise;Extracellular Matrix;Foundations;Gait;Goals;Image;Incidence;Individual;Intervention;Joints;Knee Osteoarthritis;Lateral;Mass Spectrum Analysis;Mechanics;Medial;Modeling;Muscle;Musculoskeletal;Obesity;Operative Surgical Procedures;Osteotomy;Outcome;Pain;Patients;Phase;Population;Postoperative Period;Principal Component Analysis;Productivity;Quality of life;Rehabilitation therapy;Research;Research Personnel;Sampling;Serum;Severities;Social Impacts;Stains;Structure;Synovial Fluid;System;Testing;Thick;Tissues;Training Programs;Vision;Work;aging population;articular cartilage;base;bioimaging;bone;bone stress;cartilage degradation;computational platform;confocal imaging;crosslink;disorder risk;early onset;economic impact;gait rehabilitation;human old age (65+);improved;individual patient;mammalian COMP;mechanical load;patient population;preclinical evaluation;prevent;regenerative;rehabilitation strategy;response;tool
394 5' Untranslated Regions;Address;Affect;Anabolism;Applications Grants;Autophagocytosis;Binding;Binding Proteins;Bioinformatics;Biological;Biology;COL1A1 gene;COL1A2 gene;Cardiovascular Diseases;Cell Nucleus;Cell membrane;Cells;Centers of Research Excellence;Cessation of life;Chronic;Cicatrix;Collagen;Connective Tissue Diseases;Deposition;Developed Countries;Discrimination;Disease;Disease Progression;Drug Design;Drug or chemical Tissue Distribution;Endoplasmic Reticulum;Event;Extracellular Matrix;Fibrillar Collagen;Fibrosis;Foundations;Future;Goals;High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing;Human;Immunoprecipitation;Intelligence;Intercept;Kidney Diseases;Kinetics;Knowledge;Ligands;Liver Cirrhosis;Macular degeneration;Mediating;Messenger RNA;Molecular;Molecular Chaperones;Molecular Conformation;Morbidity - disease rate;Names;Normal tissue morphology;Nuclear;Organ;Organ failure;Pharmaceutical Preparations;Phase;Physiological;Play;Post-Transcriptional Regulation;Prevention;Production;Proteins;Pulmonary Fibrosis;RNA;RNA Binding;Role;Rough endoplasmic reticulum;Sampling;Signal Pathway;Structure;Structure-Activity Relationship;Surface Plasmon Resonance;Systemic Scleroderma;Techniques;Testing;Thermodynamics;Tissues;Translating;Translations;analytical ultracentrifugation;base;body system;cell type;crosslink;crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing;driving force;drug discovery;endoplasmic reticulum stress;expectation;experimental study;inhibitor/antagonist;mortality;mutant;new therapeutic target;prevent;response;stem;targeted treatment;therapeutic target
395 Acute;Address;Affect;Applications Grants;Bacterial Infections;Biology;Biomedical Research;Breast;Breast Feeding;Calcium;Caring;Centers of Research Excellence;Chronic;Coculture Techniques;Development;Disease;Environment;Equipment;Extracellular Matrix;Funding;Future;Gene Proteins;Genes;Goals;Growth;Housing;Incidence;Infection;Inflammation;Inflammatory;Injectable;Kidney;Lactation;Lobule;Mammary Gland Parenchyma;Mammary Tumorigenesis;Mammary gland;Mentors;Microscope;Milk;Modeling;Outcome;Pancreas;Pathology;Play;Pregnancy;Preparation;Process;Prophylactic treatment;Proteomics;Research;Research Personnel;Risk;Role;Signal Transduction;Stem cells;System;Technical Expertise;Testing;Tissues;Tooth structure;Woman;Work;base;cancer risk;driving force;high throughput technology;histological specimens;improved;inflammatory breast cancer;instrumentation;malignant breast neoplasm;mass spectrometer;mastitis;mouse model;parathyroid hormone-related protein;research study;skeletal;therapeutic target;transcriptome sequencing;tumor progression
396 Award;Bioinformatics;Biomedical Research;Businesses;Centers of Research Excellence;Computational algorithm;Computer software;Data;Dependence;Development;Equipment;Evolution;Fee-for-Service Plans;Feedback;Fees;Funding;Future;Genomics;Idaho;Institutes;International;Investments;Machine Learning;Mission;Modeling;Molecular Models;Phase;Process;Program Development;Pump;Recruitment Activity;Research;Research Personnel;Research Project Grants;Resources;Services;Support System;System;Systems Development;United States National Institutes of Health;Universities;Weaning;computer infrastructure;computing resources;data management;data mining;equipment acquisition;flexibility;improved;innovation;molecular modeling;operation;simulation
abstract_text
1 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – OVERALL COMPONENT\nGreat advances have been made in improving health in the US, but substantial gender disparities remain.\nCompared to men, women are more likely to be obese and are at greater risk of physical disabilities. Excessive\nweight gain during pregnancy and the physiological and physical demands of pregnancy and lactation lead\nmany women to accrue substantial body fat while experiencing a variety of nutrient deficiencies, reproductive-\nrelated diseases, and mental health challenges. These and other health disparities are even greater in margin-\nalized populations, particularly those with inadequate healthcare and/or living in poverty – a situation common\nin Idaho. Much of Idaho is characterized as ‘frontier and remote’ due to sparce population and poor access to\nbasic goods and service. Idaho has the fewest physicians per capita of any state, and many Idahoans live in\npoverty and are food insecure. This ‘perfect storm’ puts vulnerable Idaho women at risk for even greater health\ndisparities. There are complex factors driving these health inequities, but inadequate nutrition is one of the\nmost interwoven, unifying themes. Our overarching goal is to develop an internationally recognized COBRE\nin Nutrition and Women’s Health at the University of Idaho. This COBRE will support a critical mass of feder-\nally funded, multidisciplinary scientists who will contribute to knowledge of and improve evidence-based nutri-\ntional practices for women. Participating investigators and their students will study various aspects of nutrition\nand women’s health, particularly during critical periods of growth, development, and senescence. Studies will\naddress situations characterized by limited resources and other environmental, physical, and identity-based\nchallenges to health and wellbeing that often have nutritional underpinnings and consequences. We will build\ninstitutional capacity by harnessing, supporting, and expanding current strengths and expertise of faculty and\nfacilities at the University of Idaho and the region. We will also aggressively recruit new faculty with comple-\nmentary research interests to join our synergistic team. We will accomplish our goals through three aims: 1)\nestablish and administer a multi-component center in nutrition and women’s health that enables multidiscipli-\nnary research collaboration, 2) promote multidisciplinary synergistic research in nutrition and women’s health\nthat propels junior faculty to research independence, and 3) expand the impact of this COBRE to increase sus-\ntainable, transdisciplinary research in and dissemination of knowledge in nutrition and women’s health at the\nUniversity of Idaho and the state of Idaho. The proposed COBRE in Nutrition and Women’s Health is signifi-\ncant because it will create a culture of multi- and transdisciplinary collaboration and establish a nucleus of re-\nsearch excellence around our theme. This COBRE is innovative because it will be uniquely focused on nutri-\ntion and women’s health. This COBRE will be impactful through discoveries and advances in women’s health\nthat will benefit all women, while particularly addressing those in underserved and marginalized populations.\nOur work in Idaho will have far reaching implications, as the state is similar to much of the rural, western US.
2 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – RESEARCH CORE COMPONENT\nFundamental to effectively studying nutrition and women’s health is having access to equipment and expertise\nneeded for nutritional status and health assessment. This includes equipment for various measurements of\nanthropometry (e.g., weight, body composition), biochemical measurements (e.g., blood chemistries), clinical\nassessments (e.g., signs and symptoms of nutritional deficiencies), and dietary assessments (e.g., food record\nanalysis). In addition, many researchers studying nutrition use indirect calorimetry and stable isotope method-\nology, and those conducting dietary intervention studies require the use of a kitchen. Our long-term goal is to\nsupport a critical mass of multidisciplinary scientists synergistically studying nutrition and women’s health at the\nUniversity of Idaho. A primary objective in this Phase 1 COBRE Research Core is to establish a new and\nunique Nutrition Analytics Core Laboratory (NACL). The NACL will be comprised collectively of 1) a unique\nmain suite of laboratories serving as its ‘hub’ and 2) a network of satellite laboratories and associated ‘Faculty\nSubject Matter Experts.’ The main NACL hub laboratory suite will be comprised of a Wet Chemistry Labora-\ntory, a Computer Laboratory, a Body Composition Laboratory, a Resting Metabolic Rate Laboratory, and a\nMetabolic Kitchen. The NACL’s hub and satellite laboratories will be easily accessible by all faculty and staff\nlooking to leverage their broad capacities for research related to nutrition and women’s health. We will accom-\nplish our goal through three aims: 1) establish the NACL, a new and unique research facility to serve the scien-\ntific needs of the research projects in this COBRE for Nutrition and Women’s Health, 2) operate the NACL us-\ning best practices that include a comprehensive business plan, and 3) open the NACL to all COBRE and non-\nCOBRE scientists. PD/PI McGuire will provide broad oversight to the NACL which will be directed by Dr. Janet\nWilliams. Day-to-day operations will be overseen by a dedicated Research Support Specialist. The COBRE in\nNutrition and Women’s Health, including the NACL, will build institutional critical mass and capacity in nutri-\ntion and women’s health research with the goal of establishing an international reputation within this scientific\ntheme. The NACL is innovative in that it builds a comprehensive facility that will eventually address nearly all\naspects of data collection and analyses pertinent to nutrition research. It will span the needs of scientists con-\nducting basic biological experiments to those focused on social or behavioral aspects of nutrition and those\ndeveloping novel computational approaches to understand the impacts of nutrition on women’s health across\nthe lifespan. The NACL will be impactful because it will allow University of Idaho researchers and regional col-\nlaborators unparalleled ability to study the broad range of nutrients, physiological conditions (e.g., growth,\npregnancy, lactation, exercise, weight loss or gain, aging), and health outcomes that encompass our theme of\nnutrition and women’s health.
3 PROJECT SUMMARY – RPL CHEN\nMothers of preterm infants experience elevated stress compared to that typically associated with new mother-\nhood. Indeed, up to 70% of mothers of preterm infants experience postpartum depression compared to 12.5%\nof those delivering term infants. This is important because mental stress in women is linked with poor maternal\nand infant health as well as (in breastfeeding women) altered circulating levels of bioactive proteins that can\ntransfer into milk. This project will use rigorous approaches to generate new scientific knowledge with\nthe potential to improve clinical outcomes for breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants living in north-\nern Idaho, a region classified as being rural as well as ‘frontier and remote.’ Understanding modifiable\nfactors predisposing mothers of preterm infants to extreme stress and finding ways to lower this stress and\nprevent its negative impacts on maternal and infant health are important public health challenges. Serum vita-\nmin D concentration is inversely correlated with risk of postpartum depression in women delivering term in-\nfants, yet interventions with vitamin D supplements have yielded inconsistent results. In addition, there have\nbeen no vitamin D intervention studies in mothers of preterm infants. There is a critical need to determine ways\nto lower stress, response to it, and/or depression in the vulnerable population of mothers of preterm infants.\nOur long-term goal is to develop interventions to improve maternal and infant health – particularly in the con-\ntext of preterm births. The primary objective of this proposal is to determine if maternal vitamin D supplementa-\ntion improves mental health in mothers of preterm infants living in the Idaho panhandle. Secondarily, we will\nassess the impact of supplementation on human milk composition. Our central hypotheses are that 1) vitamin\nD supplementation improves mental health in women delivering prematurely; and 2) vitamin D supplementation\nbeneficially modifies human milk vitamin D and immunomodulatory composition. We will test our hypotheses\nthrough a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 120 mothers of preterm in-\nfants. Mothers will be randomized to consume either a placebo control (corn oil supplement) or vitamin D sup-\nplements (2,000 IU/day vitamin D3). Maternal stress and depression will be assessed by measuring sali-\nvary/milk cortisol and oxytocin as well as administering validated stress, depression, and self-compassion\nquestionnaires. Vitamin D status will be assessed using serum vitamin D concentration, dietary intake ques-\ntionnaires, and concentration of vitamin D in milk. Holistic milk composition will be assessed by proteomics and\ntargeted protein analyses. This study is significant and innovative because it will, for the first time, document\nthe effects of vitamin D supplementation on stress, depression, and milk composition in mothers of preterm\ninfants. Should our hypotheses be supported, this research will improve clinical care for mothers of preterm\ninfants in Idaho, other rural Western states, and possibly other regions. If findings are replicated in mothers of\nterm infants, our results may also extend to this broader neonatal population.
4 PROJECT SUMMARY – RPL LANE\nWorldwide, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, largely due to increasing occurrence of overweight and\nobesity. Approximately 10.5% of the US population has diabetes, and this rate is higher among women and\nsome racial/ethnic minorities, including Hispanics (17%). Hispanic women experience higher proportional risks\nof mortality and complications from diabetes compared to Hispanic men. Hispanic diabetes disparities are\nmainly attributed to limited access to healthy foods and poor access to healthcare; however, factors increasing\ndiabetes risk in Hispanic women are complex and not fully understood. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or\ndelayed through lifestyle changes that include weight loss and greater physical activity. Our long-term goal is to\nimprove women’s health through developing effective health promotion and disease treatments related to nutri-\ntion and lifestyle. The primary goal of the research proposed here is to understand the complex intersec-\ntions of nutrition, gender roles, ethnicity, and mental health as they relate to the development of diabe-\ntes and treatment-seeking behaviors among Hispanic women living in Idaho. Idaho women are at ele-\nvated risk for many poor health outcomes because large portions of the state are rural and are categorized as\n‘remote and frontier.’ These regions are sparsely populated and have limited access to basic goods and ser-\nvices – including grocery stores and health care. We will use a novel, intersectional, mixed-methods experi-\nmental design that acknowledges systematic discrimination due to interwoven identity-based characteristics,\nsuch as gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, immigration status, socio-economic status, and disability, which\ncreate overlapping barriers to opportunity, resulting in poor nutrition and inadequate healthcare access. This\nintersectional mixed-methods study includes 1) an online survey to identify associations between type 2 diabe-\ntes control and dietary intake, food security, physical activity, selfcare, caregiving, medication use, and expo-\nsure to stress and discrimination among Hispanic Idahoans; 2) qualitative interviews documenting women’s\nself-expressed life stories that may capture experiences contributing to development of type 2 diabetes; and 3)\nstatistical testing of the final intersectional model that integrates associations between type 2 diabetes in His-\npanic women and their nutritional, physical, mental, and socio-emotional health. This research is significant\nand novel because it will use, for the first time, an intersectional mixed-methods approach to understand nutri-\ntional, physical, mental, caregiving, and socio-emotional factors contributing to the development of diabetes\namong Hispanic women living in Idaho. The results from this study will identify areas for interventions to im-\nprove diabetes control and prevention programs. Also, the innovative intersectional mixed-model method may\nbe applied to further understanding diabetes development and progression, and even more broadly to other\nnutrition-related chronic health concerns for women, Idahoans, and the nation.
5 ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY – ALTERATION AND RENOVATION\n Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Nutrition and Women’s Health\nAs part of this the COBRE in Nutrition and Women’s Health, a new and unique Nutrition Analytics Core La-\nboratory (NACL) will be created. This facility will operate as the hub for equipment and expertise that serve\nvarious aspects of nutrition- and health-related analyses and approaches. The NACL will be a “one-stop-shop”\nfor faculty and students who wish to conduct nutrition and health research. The University of Idaho has com-\nmitted substantial space for the NACL that will be improved by alterations and renovation. Our goal is to alter\nand renovate several adjoining spaces in the University of Idaho’s Food Research Center that will constitute\nthe “hub” of the NACL. We will accomplish this goal through two aims: 1) Alter or renovate rooms in the Uni-\nversity of Idaho’s Food Research Center to house the NACL that will be used by research project leaders\n(RPLs), Pilot Project awardees, Technology Access Grant (TAG) recipients, and new and existing faculty and\nstudents conducting research related to nutrition and women’s health, and 2) Delineate and justify all major\nfixed equipment items requested for the renovated area. The NACL is innovative as it will eventually provide a\ncomprehensive facility that addresses nearly all aspects of data collection and analyses pertinent to nutrition\nresearch. It spans the needs of scientists conducting basic biological experiments to those focused on social or\nbehavioral aspects of nutrition to those developing novel computational approaches to understand impacts of\nnutrition on women’s health. Our approach is significant and impactful because it allows researchers (regard-\nless of their fundamental primary research focus) unparalleled ability to study the broad range of nutrients,\nphysiological conditions, and health outcomes that encompass nutrition and women’s health.
6 ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY – ADMINISTRATIVE CORE COMPONENT\nThe Administrative Core will be the organizational nucleus for all COBRE in Nutrition and Women’s Health\nactivities. The Administrative Core will oversee the Research Project Leaders (RPLs), Pilot Project competi-\ntions, and faculty mentoring. It will be integrally involved in recruiting, hiring, and retaining new faculty to build a\ncritical mass of scientists conducting federally funded research in nutrition and women’s health at the Uni-\nversity of Idaho. It will propel emerging investigators to achieve research independence, build a critical mass of\nscientists in this theme, and establish a new, vibrant research core facility, the Nutrition Analytics Core La-\nboratory (NACL). The Administrative Core will be highly organized, and its functions and processes transpar-\nent. The leader of the COBRE and the Administrative Core will be PD/PI Dr. Michelle (Shelley) McGuire, an\ninternationally recognized nutrition expert with decades of experience leading large, multidisciplinary teams;\nconducting research related to nutrition and women’s health; and mentoring emerging faculty engaged in nutri-\ntion research. There will be an Advisory Committee, comprised of five highly qualified members, that will ad-\nvise PD/PI McGuire in areas of scientific excellence, critique RPLs’ progress towards their milestone expecta-\ntions, evaluate the research core business plan and service to users, review/award Pilot Project grants, and\nreview/approve replacement research project proposals and associate RPLs. There are five aims: 1) provide\nday-to-day oversight required for this COBRE to fully reach its goals, including organizing scientific and career\ndevelopment activities, preparing programmatic and financial reports, ensuring all activities are in comply with\nstate and federal regulations, and managing budgets; 2) provide clear RPL Developmental Plans for continued\nprofessional development of RPLs that include specific milestones to transition to research independence; 3)\nestablish and oversee a Pilot Project Program and Technology Access Grants to identify, promote, and support\nnew investigators in the area of nutrition and women’s health; 4) based on continuous formative and summa-\ntive strategies, provide annual evaluations of this COBRE and implement recommendations of the Advisory\nCommittee for ongoing improvements; and 5) communicate findings from this COBRE and other relevant re-\nsearch related to nutrition and women’s health to stakeholders in Idaho. This Phase 1 COBRE will build institu-\ntional critical mass and capacity in nutrition and women’s health research with the goal of establishing an inter-\nnational reputation within this scientific theme. The collective efforts will be significant and innovative because\nthey will support the only NIH COBRE solely focused on both nutrition and women’s health. Our results will\nbe impactful, as this topic directly affects all Idaho women and more than half the US (and global) population\nand indirectly influences us all through improving the lives of women. Our work in Idaho [much of which is char-\nacterized as ‘frontier and remote’ (FAR) due to sparce population and poor access to basic goods and ser-\nvices] will have far reaching implications, as the state is similar to much of the rural, western US.
7 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – RPL BROWN\nObesity, defined as excessive adipose tissue (>30% of body weight for women and >20% of body weight for\nmen), is a national health crisis impacting individuals of all ages. While body mass index (BMI; body\nweight/height2; kg/m2) is the primary measure of obesity in epidemiological studies and medical practice, this\nmeasure fails to identify 50% of those with genuine excess adiposity. Consequently, there is a hidden popula-\ntion of individuals with high body fat who are misclassified as nonobese via BMI (healthy BMI considered to be\n18.5-24.9 kg/m2). These individuals are described as ‘normal weight obese’ (NWO). NWO individuals likely\nhave the same elevated risks for comorbidities (e.g., metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, cardiovascular dis-\nease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) as those correctly classified as obese. The prevalence of body fat mis-\nclassification among females is likely exaggerated in rural communities, where risk of true obesity is elevated\nabove national averages. This is in part because people living in rural areas tend to have limited access to\nhealthcare, fitness facilities, community centers, and evidence-based information regarding nutrition and physi-\ncal fitness. Much of Idaho is classified as being in the ‘frontier and remote’ (FAR) West with most (80%) coun-\nties classified as rural. Currently, 31% of Idahoan women are classified as obese based on BMI, a number that\nalmost certainly underestimates true obesity due to NWO. Our preliminary data show high levels of NWO in\nphysically active college-aged women living in Idaho, and we hypothesize that rates are much higher in the\ngeneral population of women and that this is associated with poor health outcomes. The aims of the study pro-\nposed here are significant because they address these important questions and will explore factors associated\nwith NWO risk. Briefly, we will conduct an epidemiological study of premenopausal women documenting rigor-\nous measurements of dietary intake, physical activity and exercise behaviors, perceptions of body image, body\ncomposition and circumferences, muscular strength and endurance, aerobic fitness, metabolic health, oxida-\ntive stress, inflammation, and menstrual health. Additionally, we will compare the physical and physiological\noutcomes between NWO and NWL premenopausal females. Our central hypothesis is that premenopausal\nfemales with poor diet quality and avoidance of resistance exercise are more likely to be categorized as NWO,\nand that these women have suboptimal physical and physiological health. These aims are innovative and sig-\nnificant because they will yield novel data related to lifestyle behaviors most strongly associated with NWO in\npremenopausal females living in a rural area. Idaho’s population is representative of similar vast regions\nacross the entire West, so this study’s ramifications for future targeted interventions have implications for\nmany. This work is impactful as it will likely unveil an underrecognized health condition with potential lifetime\nconsequences among seemingly healthy young women and is the first step in designing randomized, con-\ntrolled intervention trials to study mechanisms and treatments.
8 Most quantitative models in biomedical research have been formulated by ordinary differential equations \n(ODEs). Despite the great contributions ODEs have made to biology and beyond, the high-dimensional, \ntime-dependent factors of the immune system still pose a significant challenge to the predictive value of \nODEs as it would require several hundred equations and thousands of parameters to be estimated. The \nrecent rise of machine learning as a powerful computational tool to integrate large datasets presents a \nspecial opportunity to deal with the inherent complexity of biological systems. However, machine learning \napproaches do not consider the mechanistic knowledge of the underlying interactions. Preliminary studies \nthat combine ODEs and machine learning highlight that these computational algorithms could be on the \ncusp of a major revolution. Remarkably enough, however, no parameter estimation theory exists to \nintegrate simultaneously both approaches. We propose to create new hybrid models and test their \npredictions in a mouse viral coinfection system to address a central vexation for infection biology which is \nhow and when to modulate immune responses to mitigate mortality during lethal respiratory viral infection. \nAt the interface between mathematical and life sciences, we will develop and analyze a novel suite of \ncomputational models that will integrate the underlying biological mechanisms to manage ill-posed \nproblems and explore massive design spaces, allowing for robust predictions from complex biological \nsystems. To validate and test our novel and foundational mathematical approaches, we will generate the \nbiological data from a mouse infection system with a mild viral pathogen (rhinovirus) two days before \ninfection with a lethal viral pathogen (influenza) that results in reduced disease compared to single infection \nalone. We hypothesize that this system can train our mathematical models in a natural way how the innate \nimmune system can be manipulated to reduce mortality to lethal infections and beyond. Key model \npredictions will be tested by targeted immune system manipulation during lethal infection, paving the way to \nunderstanding the role of complex immune interactions in respiratory viral disease pathology.
9 ABSTRACT\nThe North Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate (NI-B2B) program will establish an enduring partnership between\nthe University of Idaho (U of I) and North Idaho College (NIC). We identified a large cohort of biology-interested\nundergraduate students at NIC, half of whom are from populations underrepresented (UR) in sciences. The\nnumber of NIC students who transfer to complete a biomedical related bachelor’s degree at U of I is low (~35\nstudents per year) and there are few undergraduate research opportunities for NIC students. Surveys of NIC\nstudents revealed barriers to transfer including lack of knowledge about degree plans and financial hardships.\nA self-assessment conducted at U of I identified undergraduate research-oriented departments and mentors\nwith experience supporting UR in science students. These self-studies are the basis for the proposed five-\nyear project to increase the number and diversity of students in biomedical research by partnering NIC\nstudents with U of I faculty mentors. To do so, we will pursue two program objectives: 1) increase the number\nof NIC to U of I transfer students by 10% per year of the program (from 35 to 55+ per year over five years) and\n2) increase the graduation rate and matriculation of U of I UR students into graduate research programs by\n50% over baseline during the project period. Rationale: NIC currently offers only six research opportunities for\n>1,800 biology-interested students and has a low go-on rate, limiting the pipeline of UR students into graduate\nresearch programs and careers. The NI-B2B program will develop a pipeline program to increase the number\nand diversity of students entering graduate research programs and careers. Research Training Program\nDesign: The program objectives will be met by achieving the following program goals: Aim 1. Increase the\nnumber and diversity of students pursuing biomedical research careers by developing a transfer\npathway for NIC students. We will integrate interdisciplinary Course-based Undergraduate Research\nExperiences (CURE) labs into existing NIC courses to promote transfer and completion of a four-year degree.\nThe CURE course will also serve to introduce and recruit applicants into the NI-B2B program. Aim 2. Immerse\nNI-B2B scholars in biomedical research experiences. We will immerse cohorts of 6 NIC students in\nbiomedical research experiences with a faculty mentor at U of I during the summers before and after bridging\nto U of I. Aim 3. Prepare NI-B2B scholars for graduate studies by embedding them in a mentored\nresearch environment and by helping students develop competitive graduate program applications.\nWe will integrate students into a research team and a NI-B2B scholars cohort. Students will learn to conduct\nindependent research in a mentored research environment and learn to interpret and communicate scientific\nresults as they consolidate a scientist identity. Students will prepare to take the GRE and learn to select and\ndevelop tailored graduate program applications as part of the NI-B2B cohort.
10 Project Summary / Abstract.\nScientific misconceptions are becoming increasingly pervasive and damaging to the national\ninterest. The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted how misconceptions related to\ninfectious disease can pose serious medical, economic, and social challenges by increasing\nnon-compliance with public health recommendations and undermining trust in scientific\ninstitutions. Unfortunately, once scientific misconceptions are adopted by an individual, they are\nnotoriously difficult to remediate by merely presenting the “correct” information. We need\neducational programs and tools that integrate evidence-based information with broader societal\nfactors, representation of individual risk, and multiple representations of information to improve\nour ability to correct misconceptions. Our goal is to create an innovative, sustainable, and\nreproducible educational program that: (1) Creates and deploys an innovative game-based\nsimulation to educate users about infectious diseases, (2) Inspires young people from diverse\nbackgrounds to consider careers in biomedical research, (3) Provides teachers with engaging\nand easily adopted digital tools that build students’ systems thinking and data science literacy\nskills, and (4) Conducts innovative STEM education research about the remediation of\nmisconceptions using systems thinking and Advanced Learning Technologies.
11 PROJECT SUMMARY – FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TESTING CORE (FACT CORE)\nThe FaCT core will provide the biomedical engineering support needed for RPLs and others to fully engage in\nthe development, synthesis, and validation of devices, sensors, and systems to be used in foundational or\napplied biomedical research and/or clinical-translational work in the COBRE in Convergent Engineering and\nBiomolecular Science (CEBS). This innovative engineering-focused core will be a consolidation of four existing\nresearch cores in the College of Engineering, three of which are already recharge centers. The FaCT core will\nmerge the Idaho Microfabrication Lab IML), the Boise State Center for Materials Characterization (BSCMC),\nthe Engineering Research Support ERS) center, and the Biomedical Engineering Center (BEC). To meet\nCEBS COBRE goals, researchers must be able to fabricate a wide range of devices and structures from\nsimple mechanical devices to more sophisticated sensors through machining, printing, or microfabrication.\nAfter fabrication, researchers will also need to be able to characterize physical, optical, and electrical\nproperties of the devices/sensors to assess their performance for the required research. Hence, each research\neffort will require use of a variety of tools, instruments, processes, and expertise supplied by FaCT core\nfacilities and personnel. The FaCT core will be overseen by a new Core Director who will consolidate the four\nfacilities administratively, enhance the focus to increase biomedical engineering usage, and manage\npersonnel, equipment, and facilities. The Core Director will establish the recharge rates for the BEC as it\nbecomes a recharge center, and oversee annual assessments of recharge rates across the entire facility. To\nincentivize CEBs responsive research in the FaCT core, a voucher program will be established to pay recharge\nservice costs. Finally, the FaCT core will join the ranks of core facilities at BSU, the state of Idaho, and the\nMountain West that are promoted by the INBRE and RAIN programs for use by biomedical researchers in\nacademia, government, and private industry.
12 PROJECT SUMMARY – BROWN\nStress Fracture is a common and highly destructive overuse musculoskeletal injury that may be successfully\ntreated with a brief reduction in physical activity. Yet, we currently lack the scientific knowledge and technical\ncapacity to accurately assess bone damage in time to allow practitioners an opportunity to prescribe the rest\nnecessary to avoid fracture development. The long-term goal is to enhance scientific knowledge of stress\nfracture development, and improve researcher and clinician ability to predict and accurately detect individuals\nat risk for stress fracture. The project hypothesis in this application is practitioners can diagnose stress fracture\nrisk prior to injury by detecting abnormal tibial loading and bone microdamage before injury development. The\nrationale for this work is that enabling early and accurate diagnosis of tibial stress fracture may be key for\nefficacious prevention and treatment modalities, and a substantial reduction in the incidence of this destructive\nmusculoskeletal injury. The project hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: (1) Quantify tibial\nbone loads across a range of physical activities; (2) Develop statistical model of tibial loading during physical\nactivity; and (3) Automate ultrasound use to detect tibial stress fracture. For the first and second aims, we will\ncollect biomechanical data to evaluate tibial loading during conditions commonly encountered during outdoor\nphysical activity for individuals with and without history of tibial stress fracture, and mechanically load a tibia to\ndevelop a statistical model of bone loading experienced during single and repeated bouts of physical activity.\nFor the third aim, we will collect ultrasound images of a tibia shortly after stress fracture and after fracture\nsymptoms have subsided to standardize image acquisition and analysis techniques to automate detection of\ninjury. The proposed research is innovative, in the applicant’s opinion, because it seeks to expand foundational\nknowledge regarding tibial stress fracture development that can be implemented to facilitate accurate\nidentification of individuals at risk for stress fracture and enable early detection of the tibial damage that is a\nprecursor to injury. The proposed research is significant because it will provide the wider scientific community\nthe valuable knowledge to immediately improve tibial stress fracture diagnosis and treatment, as well as a\nstrong scientific foundation to develop effective prevention and rehabilitative strategies for this common\nmusculoskeletal injury. Collectively, these tangible benefits have potential to substantially reduce the\nprevalence of this common overuse injury.
13 PROJECT SUMMARY - JOHNSON\nDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising FDA-approved therapeutic for advanced Parkinson’s disease\n(PD), a disease that increases with age, affecting 1% of the population over the age of 60 and 10% of the\npopulation over the age of 80. There is a critical need to automate DBS parameter selection for optimal therapy\nand greatly reduce clinician burden. Clinical DBS, however, creates long-lasting stimulation artifacts that\nobscure and distort the detection of neural biomarkers that could be used to automate therapy. This study will\naddress this challenge by making innovative advancements to our closed-loop neuromodulation technology\ncalled WAND (wireless artifact-free neuromodulation device) that can reliably sense neural signals with\nconcurrent electrical stimulation. Our long-term goal is to develop a miniaturized DBS device that closes the\nloop by sensing biomarkers and computing stimulation parameters for automatic, patient-specific treatment.\nOur overall objective is to adapt WAND for rodent studies and use a machine learning search strategy to find\nthe best stimulation settings based on biomarkers in a rodent model of PD. Closed-loop DBS, enabled by\nWAND and by a machine-learning based parameter optimization, can produce longer-lasting and more energy-\nefficient motor rescue as compared to standard DBS therapy. The central hypothesis will be tested pursuing\nthree specific aims: 1) Optimize WAND for rodent studies to create a next-generation research platform; 2)\nValidate WAND’s ability to extract neural biomarkers during DBS therapy and gait analysis in a rat model of\nPD; and 3) Design and evaluate an optimization system to dynamically control neural biomarkers in a rat\nmodel of PD. This work is significant because it will make substantive advancements to a next-generation\nneurotechnology research platform (WAND). This smaller device will be more automated because of our\nemphasis on the critical technical challenge of improving patient-specific DBS parameter selection. Outcomes\nnot only advance PD research and clinical outcomes, but we can also extend knowledge given that DBS has\nshown promise as a treatment for many other neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, and\nmemory impairment. Further, the effort is well-suited to this COBRE as it addresses the Biomedical Devices,\nSensors, and Systems theme.
14 PROJECT SUMMARY ─ OVERALL\nBoise State University is an emerging research institution in the Mountain West. In the past 5 years, annual\nresearch awards have increased 58% to more than $65 million. The objective for the proposed COBRE in\nConvergent Engineering and Biomolecular Science (CEBS) is to enhance Boise State’s ability to contribute to\nsolving the nation’s healthcare needs by increasing convergence between engineering and biomolecular\nscience research. Advancements in healthcare will continue to rely on more evolved and complex devices,\nsensors, and integrated systems. The global medical devices market is expected to grow to $603.5 billion by\n2023. For this advancement, engineers and biomolecular scientists must collaborate closely and create new\ntransdisciplinary research areas. Researchers trained in outside disciplines often bring fresh perspectives, new\napproaches, and new technologies to the discipline. The overall program aims are to (1) support investigators\nin multidisciplinary collaborative research in devices, sensors, and systems; (2) establish an administrative\ncore to support convergent research; and (3) form a consolidated Fabrication, Characterization, and Testing\n(FaCT) core. This COBRE will strengthen the professional development of junior investigators and CEBS\nrelated researchers through training workshops in grant writing and scientific publication. Importantly,\nconvergent training workshops in the Science of Team Science will be utilized to improve communication\nacross disciplines to build stronger research teams. Four existing service centers in the College of Engineering\nwill be consolidated into the FaCT core to reduce redundancy, improve fiscal sustainability, and promote a\nbiomedical engineering focus. The FaCT core is innovative because it is an engineering-based research core\nthat is complementary to traditional biomedical research cores. The COBRE will support Pilot Projects and\nFaCT core vouchers to stimulate CEBS related research and use of the FaCT core. In summary, the CEBS\nCOBRE provides a framework to sponsor strong convergent research among engineers and biomolecular\nscientists through training workshops, mentoring, networking, and access to a novel engineering core facility.
15 PROJECT SUMMARY – MANNEN\nDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a mechanical disorder that impacts up to 10% of the population at\nbirth, but given a lack of knowledge to inform research and treatment, can result in a lifetime of painful and\ncostly biomechanical problems and osteoarthritis. Improving treatment depends on understanding how a baby\ninteracts with the Pavlik harness mechanical therapy brace at home, yet no research tools exist that allow for\nsuch measurements. The purpose of this project is to develop and validate a “smart” harness to enable at\nhome research relating to how babies being treated for DDH interact with the brace. We will (Aim 1) Develop\nsensors to measure biomechanics within the Pavlik harness, (Aim 2) Embed sensors onto the Pavlik harness\nand validate via in vitro testing, and (Aim 3) Validate the smart harness with in vivo human subjects testing.\nThe smart harness developed in this study will provide a proof-of-concept research device on which we can\ndesign future research and clinical studies to monitor the wear time, body position, and kicking data of babies\nundergoing DDH treatment, resulting in a more thorough understanding of these modifiable factors on clinical\nsuccess. This project fits within the overall COBRE theme by focusing on developing and embedding flexible\nsensors into a therapy device for biomedical applications. The Fabrication, Characterization, and Testing\nResearch Core is critical to the success of this project. Specifically, I will use the advanced manufacturing\ncapabilities and equipment to develop new flexible sensor types in Aim 1. The ElectroForce mechanical testing\nmachine will be required to validate the kicking data from sensors in Aim 2. The 3D scanner will be required to\ndevelop computer models of the smart harness in Aim 3 and will be necessary for future computational\nanalysis of the completed device.
16 PROJECT SUMMARY ─ ADMINISTRATIVE CORE\nBoise State University is an emerging research university with an expanding base of investigators working on\nsolutions to national and global healthcare problems. The objective for the proposed COBRE in Convergent\nEngineering and Biomolecular Science (CEBS) is to enhance collaborative and convergent research among\nBoise State University’s growing cohort of engineers and biomolecular scientists pursuing biomedical research\nin devices, sensors, and systems. The administrative core (AC) will oversee the career development\nopportunities for research project leaders and CEBS associated investigators. The AC will organize (1) a\nprofessional development committee, (2) an internal advisory committee (IAC), and (3) an external advisory\ncommittee (EAC). The AC will schedule regular committee meetings, including an annual review with the EAC\nto review program progress and elicit feedback. The AC will support professional development through\nconferences, grant writing workshops, convergent Science of Team Science training, seminar series, and\ntravel and networking opportunities. The AC will provide fiscal support through grants accounting, hiring, travel,\npurchasing, and annual progress reporting. The AC will oversee the creation and management of a\nconsolidated Fabrication, Characterization, and Testing Core from existing engineering service facilities. The\nAC will implement a Pilot Project grant program for new and established investigators who propose research in\nthe CEBS thematic area. An undergraduate summer internship will also be established and managed by the\nadministrative core. In managing these activities, it is the goal of the Administrative Core to sponsor growth\nand training for multidisciplinary teams working to contribute solutions to the growing global need for medical\ndevices and sensors to address human healthcare problems.
17 PROJECT SUMMARY -- KANDADAI\nOsteoporosis is a major problem with a high impact on human life, affecting over 48 million\npeople in the United States. Normally, healthy bone constantly undergoes remodeling, which\nhelps heal minor micro-fractures caused by day-to-day activity and keeps bones strong.\nOsteoporosis affects remodeling, increasing the probability of fracture. One of the common\ntreatments for osteoporosis is bisphosphonates. However, while it has been shown to improve\nosteoporosis, long-term bisphosphonate treatment creates the risk of generating micro-cracks\nand increases the chance of hip fractures. Both the disease and treatment cause a change in\nthe porosity of the bone, and currently, there are no viable techniques that accurately measure\nchanges in the bone porosity. Currently, two techniques are used to study the deterioration of\nbone, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT). Both techniques\nsuffer from low resolution making micro-cracks in the bone difficult to detect. In addition, MRI\nand CT are not readily amenable to measuring the effects of day-to-day activity, load-bearing,\nand age on bone porosity, which would be needed to create a preventative treatment plan. In\nour proposed project we are investigating a novel visible-light imaging technique to study and\ndifferentiate a variety of bone porosity and micro-cracks. In our project, we will use a technique\nknown as modulated photothermal radiometry (MPTR) that measures the porosity-dependent\nthermal conductivity of materials, such as bone. MPTR has two potential advantages over MRI\nand CT: 1) it uses visible light to study the deterioration of bone without harmful radiation, and 2)\nit is easier to implement in vivo with higher resolution. The work will have wide-reaching\nsignificance, both in the laboratory and in real life. Quantification of bone porosity and micro-\ncracks will improve the understanding of the effects of bone remodeling, a major issue in\nosteoporosis and other repetitive bone injuries.
18 Amino acid mutations in human visual pigments can impair color vision or lead to diseases such as degenerative blinding condition. Human vision requires that these pigments, consisting of a chromophore and associated opsin protein, have distinct peak spectral sensitivities in separate rod and cone photoreceptor populations. Peak spectral sensitivity is determined by the chromophore type and the amino acid sequence of the opsin. Understanding how a single mutation in the opsin protein can lead to anomalous visual function and disease would assist the development of molecular-level therapeutic strategies. Such an understanding is currently not available. The proposed research has an overarching goal of developing novel molecular-level therapeutic strategies to treat human vision deficiencies by unraveling the mysteries of the phototransduction cycle using state-of-the-art modeling approaches. The goal of the proposed research is to build on our molecular modeling framework to develop and test an automated computational pipeline to estimate peak spectral sensitivity for Rh1 rod opsins and use it to elucidate mechanisms for disease-associated mutations. In Aim 1, we will build a machine-learning-based pipeline, which will utilize homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, for accurately predicting peak spectral sensitivity from opsin amino acid sequence data. Aim 2 will employ mixed quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics simulations to elucidate molecular mechanisms of spectral shift and improve the pipeline. In Aim 3, we will use the pipeline to determine molecular mechanisms for anomalous visual functions. The proposed research has the potential for high impact in the field of human vision because it will provide a predictive modeling approach for visual pigments, that has remained elusive for decades. This new genome-to-phenome understanding of the molecular function of visual pigments will pave the way for novel strategies to engineer pigments suitable for optogenetics, or to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
19 Project Summary\nExtracellular matrix, integrins, and Notch collectively regulate a host of normal and pathological\ncellular activities. Evidence emerging from our preliminary studies shows that these cellular\nentities are coordinated into a signaling mechanism that has not been previously observed. The\nimplications of our observation are broad and likely to have deep impacts on our understanding\nof cell interactions within cellular microenvironments as well as cellular behaviors in a range of\nnormal and pathological scenarios. In this renewal application, we investigate the hypothesis\nthat Notch tyrosine phosphorylation regulates angiogenesis. To address this hypothesis, we\nhave proposed two aims that dig deeper into the molecular regulation of Notch activity through\ntyrosine phosphorylation by Src kinase, and to understand how Notch tyrosine phosphorylation\nimpacts angiogenesis and vascular function. Throughout these studies and in the spirit of the\nAREA program, we will engage high school, undergraduate, and graduate students to build\nscientific confidence and teach skills these students will require in order to pursue careers in\nscience. At the conclusion of our studies, we will have accomplished two important milestones\ntowards understanding this novel regulatory mechanism. Specifically, we will have unraveled\nmany molecular details describing how Src controls Notch, and we will have defined the\nimportance of this signaling cascade to vascular biology. Since both Notch and vascular biology\noperate in a wide variety of normal and disease states, our work is highly relevant to the\npromotion of human health.
20 The microbial communities colonizing animals are integral to animal health and development but details \nabout what make these communities functional and stable are lacking. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect \nbacteria) are the numerically dominant members of animal microbiomes and they influence many \nproperties of these communities. Bacteriophages regulate bacterial community composition by predation, \ntransfer genetic material between host genomes, and beneficially stimulate the immune system of animals. \nHowever, our knowledge of bacteriophages is largely restricted to a limited set of lab-adapted strains and \nthus our understanding of their role in animal microbiomes is lacking. Bacteriophages may influence \ndisease through ecological processes by regulating bacterial community composition and abundance or by promoting changes in the virulence of their bacterial hosts. \nThe factors causing microbial composition to change over time are often hard to determine and empirically test because most animal microbiomes are complex and experimental intractable. We propose to utilize an important animal model system, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to determine how ecological and evolutionary forces shape animal microbiomes. To this end, we outline two Aims that will help us \ncharacterize these forces. \nAim 1: Determine how phage resistance evolution is dependent on microbial growth conditions. In this aim \nwe will comprehensively test different parameters of growth than are likely to influence how quickly \nbacteria evolve resistance against bacteriophage infections. We will carefully measure the tempo of \nchange in sets of bacteria and phages growing together. We anticipate identifying how these dynamics are impacted by growth conditions. \nAim 2: Measure the impact of microbial interactions on phage resistance evolution dynamics. In this aim \nwe expand our research to include interacting bacterial species. In most natural conditions that microbes \nlive in they will encounter other bacteria. These interactions likely alter how bacteria respond to and evolveresistance against the bacteriophages that infect them. Our experiments will address this by co-culturing bacteria and again measuring the tempo of evolution in these systems. \nIn both aims we adopt an integrative approach that utilizes mathematic modeling, culturing of bacteria and phages in the lab, and testing their growth in the honey bee gut. In doing so, we benefit from the strengths of each approach and increase the rigor of our results.
21 Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria use acyl-homoserine lactone mediated quorum sensing to regulate key physiological\nactivities that includes virulence, biofilm formation and toxin production. AHL synthases make AHL\nautoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine metabolites to\nfacilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Therefore, AHL synthase inhibitors hold significant promise as\nantimicrobials in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Designing AHL synthase specific inhibitors,\nhowever, does remain a significant challenge. To develop QS selective inhibitors, we investigate unique\nfunctional aspects of AHL synthases that distinguish them from other enzymes utilizing either acyl-ACP or\nSAM substrates. One such unique aspect of the synthase is it’s ability to selectively bind and react with a\nspecific acyl-ACP substrate thereby enforcing fidelity in AHL signal synthesis. In general, acyl-ACP binding\nto a partner enzyme is a minimal two-step process involving an initial electrostatic docking of ACP acidic\nresidues on to a basic patch in the synthase (protein-protein binding) followed by the translocation of the acyl-\nchain cargo from the ACP to the enzyme’s active site pocket through a process referred to as “chain-flipping”.\nDecoupling the binding from the chain-flipping step was not possible until now due to lack of methods that\ncould independently report on the chain flipping step in ACP utilizing enzyme reactions. To address this\nlimitation, we placed a site-specific fluorescent label on the EsaI AHL synthase, conducted enzyme-ACP\ntitrations in the pre-steady state kinetics regime using a stopped flow fluorometer and determined kon and koff\nfor both fluorescent and non-fluorescent cargo chain flipping from ACP to the EsaI synthase. Building upon\nour preliminary data, we propose two aims in this application to validate a fluorescence based method for\ndetermining chain-flipping rate constants in AHL synthase enzymes. Successful completion of the proposed\nstudies should a) enhance our understanding on the mechanistic basis of substrate recognition in AHL\nsynthases b) aid in development of a fluorescence-based HTS assay for screening AHL synthase inhibitors\nand c) open doors for single molecule enzymological investigations on chain-flipping step in AHL synthesis\nand d) facilitate deployment of this tool to investigate chain-flipping kinetics over a broader range of\nmedicinally important, carrier protein dependent enzymes.\n
22 Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria use acyl-homoserine lactone mediated quorum sensing to regulate key physiological\nactivities that includes virulence, biofilm formation and toxin production. AHL synthases make AHL\nautoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine metabolites to\nfacilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Therefore, AHL synthase inhibitors hold significant promise as\nantimicrobials in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Designing AHL synthase specific inhibitors,\nhowever, does remain a significant challenge. To develop QS selective inhibitors, we investigate unique\nfunctional aspects of AHL synthases that distinguish them from other enzymes utilizing either acyl-ACP or\nSAM substrates. One such unique aspect of the synthase is it’s ability to selectively bind and react with a\nspecific acyl-ACP substrate thereby enforcing fidelity in AHL signal synthesis. In general, acyl-ACP binding\nto a partner enzyme is a minimal two-step process involving an initial electrostatic docking of ACP acidic\nresidues on to a basic patch in the synthase (protein-protein binding) followed by the translocation of the acyl-\nchain cargo from the ACP to the enzyme’s active site pocket through a process referred to as “chain-flipping”.\nDecoupling the binding from the chain-flipping step was not possible until now due to lack of methods that\ncould independently report on the chain flipping step in ACP utilizing enzyme reactions. To address this\nlimitation, we placed a site-specific fluorescent label on the EsaI AHL synthase, conducted enzyme-ACP\ntitrations in the pre-steady state kinetics regime using a stopped flow fluorometer and determined kon and koff\nfor both fluorescent and non-fluorescent cargo chain flipping from ACP to the EsaI synthase. Building upon\nour preliminary data, we propose two aims in this application to validate a fluorescence based method for\ndetermining chain-flipping rate constants in AHL synthase enzymes. Successful completion of the proposed\nstudies should a) enhance our understanding on the mechanistic basis of substrate recognition in AHL\nsynthases b) aid in development of a fluorescence-based HTS assay for screening AHL synthase inhibitors\nand c) open doors for single molecule enzymological investigations on chain-flipping step in AHL synthesis\nand d) facilitate deployment of this tool to investigate chain-flipping kinetics over a broader range of\nmedicinally important, carrier protein dependent enzymes.\n
23 More women suffer multiple sclerosis (MS) than men. The female-to-male ratio is 2:1, with some studies \nbroadening it to 3:1. A similar pattern is observed in experimental disease models, although the sex-dependent \nsusceptibility is subjected to the genetic background. Another biological variable that affects the disease \nestablishment and progression is the gut microbiota. Studies from our lab and others showed that the significant \nreduction or complete absence of gut microbiota reduces the severity and progression of experimental \nautoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Reciprocally, disease onset alters the gut microbiota composition and \nincreases intestinal permeability suggesting that the gut-microbiota-brain axis acts bidirectionally. While most \nmicrobiota studies compare the fecal microbial composition, the effects of disease on the microbiota composition \nof the mucosal layer remain unknown. Exploring this knowledge gap is significant because gut microbes \nmodulate the production and integrity of the gut mucus, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction \nexpression in epithelial cells. Since sex-dependent microbiota differences have been described in EAE mice, we \nhypothesize that disease susceptibility in females and males is directly associated with changes in the \nmicrobiota associated with the intestinal mucosal ECM, resulting in increased microbial translocation to \nthe lamina propria, local and systemic inflammation, which subsequently leads to increased \nneuroinflammation and disease severity. We propose evaluating the effects of the sex-dependent EAE \nsusceptibility in the microbiota composition of the gut lumen and ECM, intestinal permeability, systemic and CNS \ninflammation, and the effects of microbiota interventions in the intestinal ECM and disease progression. We will \nuse two different EAE models with different sex-dependent susceptibility: the SJL/J EAE model with only female \nmice being susceptible to the disease and the C57BL/6J model with both females and males susceptible to EAE. \nWe recently showed that the oral treatment with the isoprenoid farnesol, a microbial biofilm regulator protected \nEAE mice against the disease. We now hypothesize that the treatment with farnesol regulates biofilm formation \nin the microbiota-ECM resulting in increased overall intestinal integrity in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice. \nWe propose three specific aims to determine whether the disease in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice \npromotes a microbiota-ECM architecture that contributes to local, systemic, and CNS inflammation and whether \nthe oral treatment with farnesol reverses the effects of disease on microbiota and integrity of the gut epithelium \nand mucosa. The project would extend our understanding of the protective effects of isoprenoids against \nneuroinflammation by directly targeting MS and studying the gut mucosal layer, an extracellular glycoproteinbased \nmatrix.
24 PROJECT SUMMARY\n Reduced serum levels of the inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are found in\npatients suffering from progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and preliminary evidence suggests that intestinal\nGABA levels are also reduced when compared to healthy individuals. Intestinal bacteria play a role in GABA\nand L-Glutamate, metabolism. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and key regulator of the gastrointestinal\ntract function and Glu is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Several groups of bacteria, including lactic acid\nbacteria synthesize Glu or harbor the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) that catalyzes the synthesis\nof GABA. Because of their role modulating GABA/Glutamate levels, intestinal microbes can be targeted for\nGABAergic, inhibitory, effects. Our preliminary data show that disease, alone, alters the composition of the\nmicrobiota of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, a model to study MS. Among others,\nbacteria taxa grouped as lactic acid bacteria that contain species associated with immunomodulatory roles\nwere reduced in the gut of diseased mice. We propose that the gut microbiota and its impact on systemic and\nneural GABA metabolism are key contributing factors to the clinical transition to the progression of MS. We\nhypothesize that, 1) the heightened immune/inflammatory response observed in patients who have\nexperienced acute inflammatory MS increases intestinal barrier permeability; 2) this disrupts the composition of\nthe microbiome to reduce the number of GABA-producing microbes; 3) Decreases in intestinal and systemic\nGABA concentrations follow, leading to, 4) enhanced immune/inflammatory response in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) and the gut, resulting in additional further imbalances of both microbiota and GABA. In order to\ntest our hypotheses, we propose to determine in the experimental EAE disease (C57BL/6 model induced with\nmyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55, MOG35-55), whether GABA supplementation using a genetically\nengineered probiotic designed to express additional copies of GAD (GAD-L. lactis) will decrease inflammation\nby promoting immunomodulation (Aim 1), reduce intestinal barrier permeability (Aim 2) and ultimately improve\ndisease progression (Aim 3). We anticipate that targeting GABA levels in EAE will reduce the extent of\nintestinal and systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation and will restore the\ncomposition of the intestinal microbiota. We predict that the outcome will be the protection against the\nprogression of the disease, associated with enhanced levels of GABA both intestinal and systemically. Our\nresearch approach targeting the microbiota has not yet been attempted, underscoring the innovation and\nnovelty of our project that could revolutionize therapeutics for MS. Our approach was designed specifically to\noffer undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to contribute on a neuroimmunology project that\nfocuses on the gut/brain axis.
25 Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria count specific, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) signals in\nthe environment to estimate local population densities, facilitate cell-cell communication and virulence. AHL\nsynthases make AHL autoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP/acyl-CoA and S-adenosyl-L-\nmethionine metabolites to facilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Small molecule inhibitors of AHL\nsynthase enzymes would limit signal synthesis, interrupt quorum sensing and thus hold significant promise\nas chemical tools to investigate QS networks in bacteria. Designing AHL synthase-specific inhibitors, however,\ndoes remain a significant challenge. To develop AHL synthase selective inhibitors, we recently embarked on\na proof-of-concept study to evaluate the potential of AHL signal derivatives as product analog inhibitors of\nPseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI AHL synthase. In this study, we demonstrated that AHL analogs could serve\nas ‘chemical probes’ to uncover novel inhibition and activation binding pockets that could be tapped to develop\npotent AHL synthase-specific modulators. In this grant application, we extend this approach on a broader\nscale to evaluate the utility of AHL analog chemical probes in discovering novel binding pockets, determining\nthe mechanistic basis of AHL synthase modulation, and formulating the rules of AHL engagement in short,\nmedium and long-chain preferring AHL synthases. Additionally, we will determine how the inhibition and\nactivation pockets could be leveraged to develop novel substrates and substrate analog inhibitors of AHL\nsynthases. Successful completion of these studies should inform the rational design of inhibition and activation\npocket directed AHL synthase modulators. Finally, the goals described in this application are tightly aligned\nwith the objectives of AREA program, which are to a) support meritorious research at an undergraduate\nfocused institution, b) strengthen the research environment at the home institution and c) provide opportunity\nfor undergraduate students to get involved in biomedical research.
26 Abstract\nGram-negative bacteria count specific, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing (QS) signals in\nthe environment to estimate local population densities, facilitate cell-cell communication and virulence. AHL\nsynthases make AHL autoinducer signals by enzymatically coupling acyl-ACP/acyl-CoA and S-adenosyl-L-\nmethionine metabolites to facilitate quorum sensing for the bacterium. Small molecule inhibitors of AHL\nsynthase enzymes would limit signal synthesis, interrupt quorum sensing and thus hold significant promise\nas chemical tools to investigate QS networks in bacteria. Designing AHL synthase-specific inhibitors, however,\ndoes remain a significant challenge. To develop AHL synthase selective inhibitors, we recently embarked on\na proof-of-concept study to evaluate the potential of AHL signal derivatives as product analog inhibitors of\nPseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI AHL synthase. In this study, we demonstrated that AHL analogs could serve\nas ‘chemical probes’ to uncover novel inhibition and activation binding pockets that could be tapped to develop\npotent AHL synthase-specific modulators. In this grant application, we extend this approach on a broader\nscale to evaluate the utility of AHL analog chemical probes in discovering novel binding pockets, determining\nthe mechanistic basis of AHL synthase modulation, and formulating the rules of AHL engagement in short,\nmedium and long-chain preferring AHL synthases. Additionally, we will determine how the inhibition and\nactivation pockets could be leveraged to develop novel substrates and substrate analog inhibitors of AHL\nsynthases. Successful completion of these studies should inform the rational design of inhibition and activation\npocket directed AHL synthase modulators. Finally, the goals described in this application are tightly aligned\nwith the objectives of AREA program, which are to a) support meritorious research at an undergraduate\nfocused institution, b) strengthen the research environment at the home institution and c) provide opportunity\nfor undergraduate students to get involved in biomedical research.
27 ABSTRACT: Candidate and Environment: The Fuerst Lab will conduct genetic, molecular and morphological\nexperiments related to the Aims of this proposal at the University of Idaho. The Fuerst lab team has extensive\nexpertise centered on the cell biology and genetics of neural development. Fuerst identified Dscams as the first\nmolecules that regulate mosaic organization of neurons and developed many of the genetic reagents for use in\nthese experiments. Here we will build on our foundation of experience studying Dscam genes to probe the\nfunction of downstream signaling networks in neural development. Research Proposal: Developing neurons\nutilize a range of molecular cues to organize into neural tissues and organs. We and others have previously\nreported that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) genes are required for normal development of\nneural tissues. How Dscam genes mediate a wide range of cellular responses even within a single cell type is\nan active area of research. In our preliminary studies we found that overexpression of Dyrk1a, whose product\ninteracts biochemically with DSCAM, phenocopies Dscam loss of function. Further we report a redistribution of\ncellular DYRK1A protein in the Dscam loss of function retina and brain. Based on these observations and the\ngenes’ known antagonistic roles in either promoting or inhibiting developmental cell death, we hypothesize\nthat DSCAM interactions on the cell surface antagonize DYRK1A activity by controlling its subcellular\nlocalization. We test this hypothesis in two specific Aims. Aim 1: Pilot genetic studies indicate that either\ndecreasing Dscam dosage or increasing Dyrk1a dosage results in mistargeting of retinal neuron neurites. A\nsimilar increase in Dyrk1a expression in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse models results in a wild type targeting\nphenotype, however, suggesting a factor or factors in the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) are\ncompensating for Dyrk1a overexpression. First, we will test if increasing Dyrk1a expression in the Ts65Dn\nmouse model above the expression of other DSCR genes is sufficient to restore Dyrk1a overexpression\nneurite targeting defects (Aim 1A). Second, we will test if reducing Dscam expression in Ts65Dn mice to wild\ntype levels restores the Dyrk1a overexpression phenotype (Aim 1B). Aim 2: We will extend our pilot study\ngenerated in retina into the brain at large. We will test if DYRK1A localization is developmentally dynamic in\nthe brain (Aim 2A), if DSCAM regulates DYRK1A localization in the brain (Aim 2B) and if Dscam expression is\nsufficient to modify DYRK1A accumulation or localization in vitro (Aim 2C).\nLong-term goals: Our long-term goal is to understand how events at the cell surface are transduced to\ngenerate different cellular responses. This R03 will facilitate completion and publication of a pilot study, the\nresults of which will inform experiments to understand how regulation of DYRK1A localization impacts its\nfunction in development and disease.\n Significance: Understanding why mutation or overexpression of genes involved in neural development\ncan present with a variety of signs and symptoms in people will require us to also understand the functions of\nthe affected genes with the long-term goal of developing clinical interventions. Here we explore the interaction\nbetween two interacting genes in the Down Syndrome critical region, relevant to studies and treatments\nfocusing on either single gene. Understanding the downstream signaling pathways utilized by surface\nreceptors will be essential to help scientists and clinicians pinpoint strategies to treat human diseases.
28 Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, so recent efforts have focused on using\nemerging genetic technologies to remediate cardiac and vascular pathologies. These efforts are largely\nbased on a growing number of studies, including our preliminary data, that have observed transgene\ndelivery to cardiac myocytes via intravenous injection of a viral vector. However, to date, there is no\nempirically backed rationale for any mechanism underlying this important finding. My lab has focused\non the prospect of endothelial cell transdifferentiation for many years and accrued evidence that this\nprocess exists in adult mice and may be responsible for the homeostasis of diverse cell types. Our\npreliminary data coupled with our proposed approach will determine whether cardiac myocyte labeling\nis the result of a transdifferentiation event (endothelial cell or otherwise) or the product of extracellular\nvesicle transfer. This work will also confirm whether the source of this labeling is endothelial cells. We\nare also interested in determining the nature of intravenous transgene delivery to other cell types, which\ncould yield information about the localization of endothelial cell transdifferentiation to discrete niches.\nThe existence of such niches could have important implications for enhancing the vascular pathology\nof those regions. This work will be undertaken using separate state-of-the-art cell lineage tracing\nstrategies that encompass virus, protein, and cell-based methods. The answers provided by this study\nwill help guide efforts for cardiac genetic therapy, advance our understanding of endothelial cell biology,\nand provide potentially new insights into cardiovascular disease.
29 Project Summary/Abstract\nSevere malaria induces changes in circulating blood levels of the biogenic amines histamine and serotonin\n(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and these changes are associated with human disease pathology. Histamine and\n5-HT are also important neuromodulators in insects, including mosquitoes. Our overarching hypothesis is\nthat histamine and 5-HT, ingested in blood by feeding mosquitoes, signal through anopheline biogenic amine\nreceptors and alter endogenous biogenic amine levels, life history traits, behavior and mosquito infection\nsuccess to amplify malaria parasite transmission. These studies are innovative in that they connect novel\nmosquito biology to clinical observations in malaria, they focus on mosquito ingestion of biogenic amines at\nphysiological levels detected in blood and they will define previously unexplored anopheline gut-brain axes for\nhistaminergic and serotonergic signaling. We will address our overarching hypothesis with three Specific Aims.\nIn Aim 1, we will define and model the scope of effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in\ncombination at concentrations that reflect malaria-associated and healthy blood levels, on An. stephensi\ninfection success with Plasmodium falciparum and with the mouse parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL.\nWe will also examine the effects of these treatments on the tendency to take a second bloodmeal,\nthermotolerance, fecundity, clutch size and lifespan. In Aim 2, we will use antennal and retinal recordings and\nbehavioral bioassays to define the effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in combination, on visual\nand olfactory physiology in An. stephensi. In Aim 3, we will quantify endogenous histamine and 5-HT in An.\nstephensi and map associated histaminergic and serotonergic gut-to-brain signaling networks. We will also\nidentify and model effects of ingested biogenic amines on levels of endogenous biogenic amines and use\nhistamine and 5-HT receptor antagonists to interrupt signaling control of malaria parasite infection, tendency to\ntake a second bloodmeal and reproduction in An. stephensi. With completion of these studies, we will establish\nthat biogenic amine concentrations associated with severe malaria and ingested by feeding mosquitoes can\nalter mosquito physiology and biology in patterns that would be predicted to favor parasite transmission. Such\nknowledge can be used in the future to connect transmission control to clinical interventions (e.g., to reduce\nelevated histamine and reverse declines in 5-HT to mitigate human malarial disease) and for future\ndevelopment of novel lures to manipulate biogenic amine signaling in vector mosquitoes.
30 Project Summary/Abstract\nSevere malaria induces changes in circulating blood levels of the biogenic amines histamine and serotonin\n(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and these changes are associated with human disease pathology. Histamine and\n5-HT are also important neuromodulators in insects, including mosquitoes. Our overarching hypothesis is\nthat histamine and 5-HT, ingested in blood by feeding mosquitoes, signal through anopheline biogenic amine\nreceptors and alter endogenous biogenic amine levels, life history traits, behavior and mosquito infection\nsuccess to amplify malaria parasite transmission. These studies are innovative in that they connect novel\nmosquito biology to clinical observations in malaria, they focus on mosquito ingestion of biogenic amines at\nphysiological levels detected in blood and they will define previously unexplored anopheline gut-brain axes for\nhistaminergic and serotonergic signaling. We will address our overarching hypothesis with three Specific Aims.\nIn Aim 1, we will define and model the scope of effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in\ncombination at concentrations that reflect malaria-associated and healthy blood levels, on An. stephensi\ninfection success with Plasmodium falciparum and with the mouse parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL.\nWe will also examine the effects of these treatments on the tendency to take a second bloodmeal,\nthermotolerance, fecundity, clutch size and lifespan. In Aim 2, we will use antennal and retinal recordings and\nbehavioral bioassays to define the effects of ingested histamine and 5-HT, alone and in combination, on visual\nand olfactory physiology in An. stephensi. In Aim 3, we will quantify endogenous histamine and 5-HT in An.\nstephensi and map associated histaminergic and serotonergic gut-to-brain signaling networks. We will also\nidentify and model effects of ingested biogenic amines on levels of endogenous biogenic amines and use\nhistamine and 5-HT receptor antagonists to interrupt signaling control of malaria parasite infection, tendency to\ntake a second bloodmeal and reproduction in An. stephensi. With completion of these studies, we will establish\nthat biogenic amine concentrations associated with severe malaria and ingested by feeding mosquitoes can\nalter mosquito physiology and biology in patterns that would be predicted to favor parasite transmission. Such\nknowledge can be used in the future to connect transmission control to clinical interventions (e.g., to reduce\nelevated histamine and reverse declines in 5-HT to mitigate human malarial disease) and for future\ndevelopment of novel lures to manipulate biogenic amine signaling in vector mosquitoes.
31 Project Summary\nThe goal of this proposal is to acquire a Zeiss Axio Observer 7 Live Cell Imaging system which will be coupled\nwith available custom-made and commercial bioreactor systems that will enable biomedical research focused\non deformation microscopy, mechano-adaptation and cell tracking approaches for researchers at Boise State as\nwell as neighboring and collaborator institutions. Led by NIH initiatives Center of Biomedical Research\nExcellence (COBRE) at Matrix Biology and Idaho Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) there\nwas a rapid growth of biomedical research focused at biomechanics and mechanobiology in Boise State. These\nefforts are further supported by both new PhD programs like Biomedical Engineering and by established PhD\nprograms such Materials Engineering and Biomolecular Sciences that seen increased Bioengineering focus over\nthe years. Despite this growth, there is only one confocal microscope to serve all the researchers in Boise State.\nThis not only bottlenecks the use of confocal system which is better suited for 3D applications, but also limits\nmechanistic approaches to study how extracellular cues regulate function of living cells. The Axio Observer 7\nwith mechanobiology apabilities is a critical instrument for a diverse and growing number of biomedical\nresearchers at Boise State University. These researchers include biomedical engineers, biomechanists, and\nbiologists from three colleges: College of Engineering, College of Health Sciences, and College of Arts and\nSciences. A unifying theme of this group’s research is the investigation of mechanically active musculoskeletal\nsystems and materials in normal, diseased, and treated states. With strategic investments by Boise State\nUniversity, this group has rapidly grown in the last 10 years (7 new faculty, 5 new labs), creating a critical mass\nof complementary expertise that is positioned to collaborate on transformative and synergistic orthopaedic and\nmusculoskeletal research. Yet achieving this potential requires the acquisition of state-of-the-art equipment to\ninvestigate the physiological and pathophysiological processes from molecular to tissue scales. Our ability to link\nthis structural hierarchy is currently limited by the absence of a system that can apply physiologically relevant\nforces with a capability to observe molecular and mechanical consequences. As a result, biomedical faculty at\nBoise State University are poorly equipped to transition from discoveries in basic science to innovations with\ndirect clinical application related to musculoskeletal health. Therefore there is a clear benefit of this live-cell\nimaging and mechanosignaling capabilities offered by this microscope system. The acquisition of the Axio\nObserver 7 with mechanobiology capabilities will correct this deficiency and will not only benefit NIH funded\ncurrent project but also spur the initiation of many impactful projects with high funding potential.
32 PROGRAM SUMMARY\nThe Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program is an enduring undergraduate\nresearch program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR) students from the College\nof Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise State University (BSU)\nand their successful graduation. The SWID B2B program was originally developed using a previous NIH R25\nfunding mechanism and will be entering its second five-year span under the T34 mechanism. Based on statistics\nfrom our institutional self-assessments, the SWID B2B program has the long-term goal of increasing the number\nof individuals from UR groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences. The short-term\ngoals of this T34-funded B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students that\ntransfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR biomedical\nscience transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In steady state,\nthis program will serve hundreds of students per year and include annual B2B cohorts of 10 UR students. To\naccomplish our goals, we request funding for the following five specific aims. Aim 1. Recruit and select\nprogram participants. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students with strong potential interests in\nfutures that include biomedical research and to Select UR students (in cohorts of 10 per year) into the B2B\nprogram. Aim 2. Advise and prepare student trainees. The object of this aim is to Advise CWI students early\nand continuously through program ambassadors and to Prepare students for a research experience by offering\nB2B-enhanced courses at CWI and providing peer mentoring. Aim 3. Immerse and include student trainees.\nThe objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a biomedical research experience with a\nfaculty mentor during the summer before they transfer to the university campus and to Include students in the\neveryday activities associated with biomedical research. Aim 4. Equip and support student trainees. The\nobjective of this aim is to Equip students as they move through their degree program at BSU by providing an\nacademic-year research experience and a professional development course, as well as to Support students for\nsuccess by providing them continued scientific mentorship and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. Aim 5. Continually engage and launch program participants. The objective of this aim is to\nContinually Engage students as they leave SWID B2B and move through their degree program at BSU by\nencouraging all students to continue their research in their mentor’s lab, enroll in a senior level seminar course,\nand when appropriate, apply for additional summer fellowships. Studies have demonstrated that undergraduate\nresearch experiences like the B2B program have an important positive impact on UR groups, and we expect that\nour SWID B2B program will have enduring effects, transform the lives of UR students, and improve their success\nas they move forward into biomedical careers.
33 PROGRAM SUMMARY\nThe Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program is an enduring undergraduate\nresearch program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR) students from the College\nof Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise State University (BSU)\nand their successful graduation. The SWID B2B program was originally developed using a previous NIH R25\nfunding mechanism and will be entering its second five-year span under the T34 mechanism. Based on statistics\nfrom our institutional self-assessments, the SWID B2B program has the long-term goal of increasing the number\nof individuals from UR groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences. The short-term\ngoals of this T34-funded B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students that\ntransfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR biomedical\nscience transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In steady state,\nthis program will serve hundreds of students per year and include annual B2B cohorts of 10 UR students. To\naccomplish our goals, we request funding for the following five specific aims. Aim 1. Recruit and select\nprogram participants. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students with strong potential interests in\nfutures that include biomedical research and to Select UR students (in cohorts of 10 per year) into the B2B\nprogram. Aim 2. Advise and prepare student trainees. The object of this aim is to Advise CWI students early\nand continuously through program ambassadors and to Prepare students for a research experience by offering\nB2B-enhanced courses at CWI and providing peer mentoring. Aim 3. Immerse and include student trainees.\nThe objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a biomedical research experience with a\nfaculty mentor during the summer before they transfer to the university campus and to Include students in the\neveryday activities associated with biomedical research. Aim 4. Equip and support student trainees. The\nobjective of this aim is to Equip students as they move through their degree program at BSU by providing an\nacademic-year research experience and a professional development course, as well as to Support students for\nsuccess by providing them continued scientific mentorship and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. Aim 5. Continually engage and launch program participants. The objective of this aim is to\nContinually Engage students as they leave SWID B2B and move through their degree program at BSU by\nencouraging all students to continue their research in their mentor’s lab, enroll in a senior level seminar course,\nand when appropriate, apply for additional summer fellowships. Studies have demonstrated that undergraduate\nresearch experiences like the B2B program have an important positive impact on UR groups, and we expect that\nour SWID B2B program will have enduring effects, transform the lives of UR students, and improve their success\nas they move forward into biomedical careers.
34 Hydrogels incorporating silk protein primed with bioactive peptides have been successfully used \nto study the cellular processes underlying differentiation of skeletal muscle. However, previous \nsystems were limited due to their static nature – their mechanical properties are fixed. Recently, \nwe demonstrated a new silk hydrogel crosslinked with tyramine-substituted silk fibroin that \nstiffened over time at controllable rates. The programmable stiffness of these hydrogels makes \nthem attractive for modeling the changes in tissue-level stiffness that are associated with \nmusculoskeletal development, or following injury. We will modify these hydrogels to incorporate \ndecellularized muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), obtained through a recently established \ndecellularization protocol. Our preliminary data suggest coupling ECM to our silk matrices can \nbe used to further fine-tune the stiffening, enabling highly controllable and distinct mechanical \nand matrix protein gradients within the same gel, by spatially varying the amount and type of \nECM mixed in with the silk precursors. A silk-ECM hydrogel has not previously been developed. \nOur central hypothesis is that dynamically stiffening hydrogels with highly tunable mechanical \nand biochemical characteristics can recapitulate key aspects of the myogenic environment more \neffectively than existing engineered systems, and as a result, will improve our understanding of \nthe process to enable better control of the therapeutic potential of myogenically differentiating \niPSCs for regenerating skeletal muscle. We will develop hydrogels as novel in vitro systems to \nexplore the impacts of dynamic stiffness on myogenesis of iPSCs. We will test our hypothesis \nusing two specific aims. The first aim will be to determine how evolving stiffness in 3D hydrogels \nimpacts iPSC myogenesis. The second aim will be to develop a biochemically functionalized \nand mechanically dynamic silk-ECM hydrogel for generation of skeletal muscle from iPSCs. \nCompletion of these aims will enhance our understanding of the regulators of skeletal muscle \ndevelopment and the impact of dynamic substrate stiffness and matrix composition on stem cell \ndifferentiation, with the ultimate goal of therapeutically targeting these mechanisms to \nregenerate skeletal muscle using stem cells. 3D hydrogels can be further used to investigate \nthe processes that regulate development, aging, injury, and disease of skeletal muscle.
35 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThis project will synthesize and study small molecules inhibitors (SMIs) that bind to and inhibit signaling of the\ninflammatory cytokine, oncostatin M (OSM) as part of a long-term program to generate an FDA-approved drug\nfor early protection against breast tumor metastasis and other OSM-associated diseases. In 2021, more than\n281,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in the United States. The five-year\nsurvival rate is 99% for patients diagnosed with localized disease but drops to 27% for those with distant\nmetastases, underscoring a need for therapeutics that protect against the early stages of metastasis, when\nintervention could be most beneficial. Relevant to this proposal, OSM signaling promotes many metastatic-\nrelated events, including an epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumor cell detachment, migration, and\ninvasion. Importantly, OSM signaling is associated with a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients.\nBreast cancer patients with high levels of tumor tissue OSM correlated with a significant decrease in survival\ncompared to those with low OSM levels. It was also determined that serum concentrations of OSM from both\nnon-metastatic and metastatic breast cancer patients was significantly higher than levels in serum from healthy\nindividuals (3.8-fold and 4.9-fold, respectively). For this proposal, preliminary experiments used a high\nthroughput computational screen of ~1.65 million compounds for binding to OSM. Those compounds with the\nbest predicted binding properties were tested for in vitro inhibition of OSM signaling. Two SMIs were identified\nas lead compounds for this proposal. The central hypothesis guiding the proposed experiments is that\nstructural optimization based on lead SMIs, facilitated by knowledge of important binding interactions,\nwill result in enhanced inhibition of OSM signaling. To test the hypothesis, two specific aims are proposed:\n1) Design and synthesize a focused library of small molecule inhibitors of OSM based on the SMI-10 and SMI-\n26 scaffolds and 2) Identify optimal lead SMIs that suppress OSM signaling in cells and display minimal cellular\ntoxicity. In Aim 1, the NMR solution structure of an SMI/OSM complex will be solved and then combined with\ncomputational modeling to develop a structure-activity model that will be used to design and synthesize new\nSMIs. In Aim 2, SMIs will be prioritized based on high binding affinity, high in vitro inhibition of OSM-mediated\nsignaling pathways in several breast cancer cell lines, and low cellular toxicity. The end goal of the project is to\nidentify new compounds with nanomolar binding affinity to OSM and improved inhibitory activity. The proposed\nresearch will assist in fulfilling the critical need to develop novel treatments for metastatic breast cancer—often\ndescribed as an “incurable” disease. Since OSM has been linked to other cancers and inflammatory-related\ndiseases (e.g., sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis), this research lays the groundwork for a new class\nof anti-inflammatory drugs.
36 PROJECT SUMMARY\nDense connective tissue is composed of an abundant collagen network that is maintained and repaired by\nfibroblasts. The parent R15 proposal is investigating whether fibroblast-mediated collagen remodeling is\ngoverned at the tissue-scale by distortion strain energy. The effect of targeted magnitudes of distortion energy\non collagen remodeling will be measured by quantifying alterations in the composition, organization, and\nmechanical behavior of the scaffolds. In order to quantify changes in fiber organization from confocal\nmicroscopy images, a software application called FiberFit is being used to automate the objective measurement\nof two structural properties that describe material anisotropy: fiber orientation and fiber dispersion. The\nstandalone software application, FiberFit, was developed in the Northwest Tissue Mechanics laboratory in 2016\nand is freely available to the scientific community for Windows and Mac systems. FiberFit has now been used\nin many research projects outside the developing laboratory, including research on tumors, liver, muscle, and\nengineered composite materials. This project will re-engineer FiberFit and deploy it as a cloud-based\napplication. Emphasis will be placed on creating a robust, intuitive, and sustainable software application that\nimplements best practices in software engineering and design to facilitate broad adoption across the scientific\ncommunity.
37 Project Summary/Abstract\nSurface contamination by Coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2, and other pathogenic viruses and bacteria pose significant risks\nfor the spread of disease in medical facilities. This increases hospital labor costs for staff to constantly clean surfaces with\ndisinfectants to slow the spread of disease. Infectious hosts can shed SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens that deposit on\nsolid surfaces and transmit disease to new hosts. This persistent transmission is exemplified by Coronaviruses, as they can\npersist on surfaces for hours or days and remain infectious through casual physical contact. Among bacterial pathogens,\nmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile (CDif, and many others) are known to spread\nthrough contact with surfaces contaminated by cells or spores shed from infected hosts. While physical or chemical surface\ntreatments, such as topical antiseptics and air-filtration, can mitigate transmission, these treatments are not always practical\nor compatible with the physical or chemical makeup of the treated surface. These treatments also consume vast quantities\nof gloves, wipes, disinfectant chemicals, and time. An approach that reduces material consumption, while still compatible\nwith use around people, is required for hospitals and other clinical settings. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) has\nbeen studied for its ability to inactivate bacterial pathogens on surfaces, but seldom examined for anti-viral effects. Further,\na clear implementation path for the treatment of large surface areas found in medical facilities has yet to be established. This\nproposed research provides an engineering driven approach to transition CAP systems from laboratory settings to more\nrealistic applications in medical environments. The approach is supported by Specific Aim 1: Construct CAP-Arrays that\ndemonstrate rapid inactivation of Coronavirus and other microbial pathogen surface contaminants, and by Specific\nAim 2: Fully integrate a CAP-Array into a robotic system and demonstrate rapid inactivation of Coronavirus and\nother pathogens over large areas and varieties of surfaces. This project will develop a large CAP-Array (10 cm x 10 cm)\ndeployed on a semiautonomous robotic system to enable rapid, cost-effective plasma treatment of large surface areas,\nwithout the need for chemicals and with little risk to personnel. The CAP-Array will be tested on a variety of real-world\nrelevant surfaces, such as linoleum tile, painted drywall, and formica tabletops, for its ability to inactivate viruses such as\nhuman and animal Coronaviruses (H229E, MHV) that provide good models for activity against SARS-CoV-2, and against\nrepresentative bacterial pathogens such as MRSA. The objectives of this proposal are to (1) demonstrate that CAP-\nArray treatment can cause a 3-log reduction in pathogen viability in <5 s over a 100 cm2 area without scanning and\nthen (2) demonstrate that the CAP-Array-Robot system can be deployed to treat a 2500 cm2 surface in <125 s and\ncause a 3-log reduction in pathogen viability. A workforce of engineering and biological science graduate and\nundergraduate students will develop and test the CAP-Arrays, prepare viral and bacterial pathogen samples, and measure\npathogen viability after plasma treatment. The success of this project will lead to a new paradigm for robotic sanitizing\nequipment useful in decontaminating surfaces in healthcare and other settings.
38 Project Summary/Abstract:\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They are reliant on a de-\nvelopmental cycle consisting of three cell forms termed the reticulate body (RB), the intermediate body (IB) and\nthe elementary body (EB). The EB is infectious but does not replicate. The RB replicates in the host cell but is\nnon-infectious, while the IB is an intermediate form that transitions to the EB form. Completion of this develop-\nmental cycle is central to chlamydial pathogenesis. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia contains the\ncausative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic infections result-\ning in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease and is linked to\natherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading cause of pre-\nventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective of the result-\ning disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and developmental cycle.\nThe chlamydial developmental cycle reacts to environmental stresses by exiting the developmental cycle and\nforming “aberrant” cell forms and delaying the production of infectious EBs. These cell forms can then reenter\nthe productive developmental cycle when the environmental stress is lifted. It is hypothesized that this re-\nsponse to stress conditions contributes to the clinical observation that chlamydial infections are often chronic or\nreoccur in a significant number of diagnosed cases. We have developed a live-cell reporter system to follow\ncell-type switching in real time at the single inclusion level and determined that Chlamydia’s response to stress\nconditions such as peptidoglycan inhibitors or nutrient stress differs between treatments and over time. Treat-\nment with peptidoglycan inhibitors results in a block in RB to IB development creating aberrant polyploid RBs.\nThese aberrant cells express the RB reporter for ~ 10 hours prior to expressing the IB reporter but never ex-\npress EB reporters or gain infectivity. Nutrient stress such as tryptophan and iron starvation are also reported\nto cause Chlamydia to exit the productive developmental cycle and form “aberrant” RBs. Our live cell data\nsuggests that these cells do not exhibit the same phenotype as those treated with peptidoglycan inhibitors.\nTherefore Aim 1 will Determine the phenotype and gene expression profile of aberrant RBs that reacti-\nvate to produce infectious EBs. IB to EB development is a slow process taking ~10 hours until maximal EB\nreporter gene expression. We therefore hypothesize that the IB may respond to nutrient stress by halting de-\nvelopment until the nutrient stress is resolved. The IB then could reenter the developmental state producing\ninfectious progeny. Therefore Aim 2 will Determine the contribution of the IB to EB transition in persis-\ntence.
39 Project Summary/Abstract:\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They are reliant on a de-\nvelopmental cycle consisting of three cell forms termed the reticulate body (RB), the intermediate body (IB) and\nthe elementary body (EB). The EB is infectious but does not replicate. The RB replicates in the host cell but is\nnon-infectious, while the IB is an intermediate form that transitions to the EB form. Completion of this develop-\nmental cycle is central to chlamydial pathogenesis. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia contains the\ncausative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic infections result-\ning in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease and is linked to\natherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading cause of pre-\nventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective of the result-\ning disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and developmental cycle.\nThe chlamydial developmental cycle reacts to environmental stresses by exiting the developmental cycle and\nforming “aberrant” cell forms and delaying the production of infectious EBs. These cell forms can then reenter\nthe productive developmental cycle when the environmental stress is lifted. It is hypothesized that this re-\nsponse to stress conditions contributes to the clinical observation that chlamydial infections are often chronic or\nreoccur in a significant number of diagnosed cases. We have developed a live-cell reporter system to follow\ncell-type switching in real time at the single inclusion level and determined that Chlamydia’s response to stress\nconditions such as peptidoglycan inhibitors or nutrient stress differs between treatments and over time. Treat-\nment with peptidoglycan inhibitors results in a block in RB to IB development creating aberrant polyploid RBs.\nThese aberrant cells express the RB reporter for ~ 10 hours prior to expressing the IB reporter but never ex-\npress EB reporters or gain infectivity. Nutrient stress such as tryptophan and iron starvation are also reported\nto cause Chlamydia to exit the productive developmental cycle and form “aberrant” RBs. Our live cell data\nsuggests that these cells do not exhibit the same phenotype as those treated with peptidoglycan inhibitors.\nTherefore Aim 1 will Determine the phenotype and gene expression profile of aberrant RBs that reacti-\nvate to produce infectious EBs. IB to EB development is a slow process taking ~10 hours until maximal EB\nreporter gene expression. We therefore hypothesize that the IB may respond to nutrient stress by halting de-\nvelopment until the nutrient stress is resolved. The IB then could reenter the developmental state producing\ninfectious progeny. Therefore Aim 2 will Determine the contribution of the IB to EB transition in persis-\ntence.
40 Project Summary\nCollagen synthesis and homeostasis are integral to the proper function and repair of all tissues. Dysregulation\nof collagen production is a hallmark of pathological fibrosis, which can affect any organ that contains collagen\n(including the liver, lung, kidney, heart, skin, and intestine). The long-term goal is to understand the\nmechanisms of translation regulation within the cell that produce collagen and thereby enable rational design\nof novel drugs to treat fibrotic diseases. The proposed work will identify how the 5’ untranslated region of\ncollagen type I messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates synthesis of the collagen protein through interactions with\nthe RNA-binding protein LARP6. Our central hypothesis is that LARP6 remodels a critical secondary structural\nelement in this region, a bulged stem-loop (termed “5’SL”), to increase the accessibility of the protein coding\nsequence start codon to the cellular translation machinery. Our rationale is that specific and ordered\ninteractions between the 5’ untranslated region of the collagen a1(I) mRNA and LARP6 and are critical to\nregulation of collagen synthesis. We will test this central hypothesis through the following specific aims: 1)\ndetermine how structures of the 5’SL of collagen a1(I) and a2(I) contribute to thermodynamics of LARP6\nbinding affinity and 2) define how strand annealing and dissociation kinetics of the collagen 5’SL by LARP6\nchaperone activity modulates translation. In the first aim, we will determine the high-resolution structures of the\ncollagen a1(I) and a2(I) 5’SLs, characterize enthalpic and entropic contributions to LARP6 binding, and\ndetermine the electrostatic and non-electrostatic contributions to binding energy. In the second aim, we will\ncharacterize how LARP6 affects RNA strand annealing and dissociation kinetics of the wildtype 5’SLs as well\nas mutants that alter the sequence and predicted structure of the internal bulge. The current understanding of\nLARP6-mediated collagen type I expression has almost exclusively focused on the protein. This proposed\nproject will be significant as it will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the mechanism by identifying how\nthe structure and thermodynamics of the primary molecular target, the 5’UTR of collagen mRNAs, contributes\nto protein binding, start codon accessibility, and subsequent regulation of collagen type I protein expression.\nFinally, the goals described in this application are tightly aligned with the objectives of the AREA program,\nwhich are to 1) support meritorious research at an undergraduate focused institution, 2) strengthen the\nresearch environment at the home institution, and 3) provide opportunities for undergraduate students to be\nengaged in biomedical research.
41 Project Summary\nCollagen synthesis and homeostasis are integral to the proper function and repair of all tissues. Dysregulation\nof collagen production is a hallmark of pathological fibrosis, which can affect any organ that contains collagen\n(including the liver, lung, kidney, heart, skin, and intestine). The long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms\nwithin the cell that produce collagen and thereby enable rational design of novel drugs to treat fibrotic diseases.\nThe proposed work will identify how the 5’ untranslated region of collagen type I messenger RNA (mRNA)\nregulates synthesis of the collagen protein through interactions with the RNA-binding protein LARP6. Our central\nhypothesis is that LARP6 remodels a critical secondary structural element in this region, a bulged stem-loop\n(termed “5’SL”), to increase the accessibility of the protein coding sequence start codon to the cellular translation\nmachinery. Our rationale is that specific and ordered interactions between the 5’ untranslated region of the\ncollagen α1(I) mRNA and LARP6 and are critical to regulation of collagen synthesis. We will test this central\nhypothesis through the following specific aims: 1) Determine how structures of the 5’SL of collagen α1(I) and\nα2(I) contribute to thermodynamics of LARP6 binding affinity and 2) Define how strand annealing and\ndissociation kinetics of the collagen 5’SL by LARP6 chaperone activity modulates translation. In the first aim, we\nwill use solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the high-resolution structures of\nthe collagen α1(I) and α2(I) 5’SLs. We will characterize enthalpic and entropic contributions to LARP6 binding\nand conduct a molecular thermodynamic analysis of ion effects using isothermal titration calorimetry. In the\nsecond aim, we will characterize how LARP6 affects the RNA strand annealing and dissociation kinetics of the\nwildtype 5’SLs as well as mutants that alter the sequence and structure of the predicted internal bulge. We will\nalso develop a luciferase-based translation reporter system to characterize effects of mutations and LARP6\nchaperone activity on translation initiation. The field’s understanding of LARP6-mediated collagen type I\nexpression has almost exclusively focused on the protein. This proposed project will be significant as it will fill a\ncritical gap in our understanding of the mechanism by identifying how the structure and thermodynamics of the\nprimary molecular target, the 5’UTR of collagen mRNAs, contributes to protein binding, start codon accessibility,\nand subsequent upregulation of collagen type I production.
42 Project Summary\n This project fills a major methods gap that prevents investigators from designing studies with accurate esti-\nmates of required sample size for multilevel behavioral health implementation studies. Implementation science\nis essential to achieving NIMH’s mission. An essential step in designing implementation studies is to conduct a\nstatistical power analysis to determine the minimum sample size required to statistically detect effects of interest.\nPower analyses for implementation research are more complicated because they need to account for (a) patients\nnested within providers who are nested within organizations or other systems, and (b) scientific aims that typically\nfocus on testing (or at a minimum accounting for) cross-level effects of higher-level (e.g., organization, clinician)\nimplementation determinants or strategies on lower-level (e.g., patient) outcomes. While multilevel power anal-\nysis tools are available to accommodate these types of nested studies, the tools require investigators to have\nprior estimates of three key design parameters to determine the proper sample size for their study —intraclass\ncorrelation coefficient (ICC), effect size, and proportion of variance explained by covariates—which are not rou-\ntinely available from the published literature and cannot be reliably estimated from small pilot studies. Power\nanalyses that use inaccurate estimates of these design parameters are highly likely to be either underpowered,\nand consequently at-risk of not detecting important effects, or over-powered, and consequently wasteful of lim-\nited resources. Lack of reference values for these parameters is a foundational barrier to the field because even\nsmall changes in design parameters can dramatically alter the effective sample size from N=300 to N=50.\n NIMH has funded a large number of implementation studies during the last 10 years (N=140) which provides\nan opportunity for us to re-access the datasets from these projects to generate accurate estimates of multilevel\ndesign parameters for behavioral health implementation studies. We will use NIH-RePorter to identify all NIMH-\nfunded behavioral health implementation studies conducted during the last 10 years and collaborate with PIs to\nextract design parameters for targeted implementation and clinical outcomes, which we will summarize and pub-\nlish for the field. We will also generate a predictive model that enables PIs to estimate design parameters tailored\nto the characteristics of their new studies. Building on our preliminary work within the Penn NIMH ALACRITY\nCenter, this project will (1) generate pooled estimates and ranges of design parameters (i.e., ICCs, effect sizes,\ncovariate R2) needed to accurately estimate sample size in multilevel behavioral health implementation studies,\nand (2) identify the study characteristics that predict the magnitude of these design parameters. Completion of\nthis work will remove a ubiquitous methodological barrier that undermines the advancement of implementation\nscience in behavioral health. The study will contribute to higher quality, more replicable science, more efficient\nuse of NIMH resources, and higher impact implementation research to improve healthcare quality and well-being\nfor millions of individuals who experience psychiatric disorders each year.
43 Project Summary\n This project fills a major methods gap that prevents investigators from designing studies with accurate esti-\nmates of required sample size for multilevel behavioral health implementation studies. Implementation science\nis essential to achieving NIMH’s mission. An essential step in designing implementation studies is to conduct a\nstatistical power analysis to determine the minimum sample size required to statistically detect effects of interest.\nPower analyses for implementation research are more complicated because they need to account for (a) patients\nnested within providers who are nested within organizations or other systems, and (b) scientific aims that typically\nfocus on testing (or at a minimum accounting for) cross-level effects of higher-level (e.g., organization, clinician)\nimplementation determinants or strategies on lower-level (e.g., patient) outcomes. While multilevel power anal-\nysis tools are available to accommodate these types of nested studies, the tools require investigators to have\nprior estimates of three key design parameters to determine the proper sample size for their study —intraclass\ncorrelation coefficient (ICC), effect size, and proportion of variance explained by covariates—which are not rou-\ntinely available from the published literature and cannot be reliably estimated from small pilot studies. Power\nanalyses that use inaccurate estimates of these design parameters are highly likely to be either underpowered,\nand consequently at-risk of not detecting important effects, or over-powered, and consequently wasteful of lim-\nited resources. Lack of reference values for these parameters is a foundational barrier to the field because even\nsmall changes in design parameters can dramatically alter the effective sample size from N=300 to N=50.\n NIMH has funded a large number of implementation studies during the last 10 years (N=140) which provides\nan opportunity for us to re-access the datasets from these projects to generate accurate estimates of multilevel\ndesign parameters for behavioral health implementation studies. We will use NIH-RePorter to identify all NIMH-\nfunded behavioral health implementation studies conducted during the last 10 years and collaborate with PIs to\nextract design parameters for targeted implementation and clinical outcomes, which we will summarize and pub-\nlish for the field. We will also generate a predictive model that enables PIs to estimate design parameters tailored\nto the characteristics of their new studies. Building on our preliminary work within the Penn NIMH ALACRITY\nCenter, this project will (1) generate pooled estimates and ranges of design parameters (i.e., ICCs, effect sizes,\ncovariate R2) needed to accurately estimate sample size in multilevel behavioral health implementation studies,\nand (2) identify the study characteristics that predict the magnitude of these design parameters. Completion of\nthis work will remove a ubiquitous methodological barrier that undermines the advancement of implementation\nscience in behavioral health. The study will contribute to higher quality, more replicable science, more efficient\nuse of NIMH resources, and higher impact implementation research to improve healthcare quality and well-being\nfor millions of individuals who experience psychiatric disorders each year.
44 Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
45 Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
46 PROJECT SUMMARY\nDespite new drugs and improved detection methods, the five-year survival rate for female breast cancer patients\nwith distant metastases lingers at a dismal 27%. This is in part due to a critical lack of therapeutics specifically\ntargeting triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) progesterone receptor-\nnegative (PR-) and HER2-negative (HER2-). This negative receptor status eliminates many therapeutic options\nthat exist for ER+ PR+ HER2+ patients. Our long-term goal is to provide preventative and therapeutic treatment\noptions for patients with metastatic breast cancer by identifying novel targeted interventions against the\nOSM/OSM receptor (OSMR) axis. The goal of this proposal determine how ER status contributes to OSM-\ninduced IL-6 and OSM-promoted breast tumor invasion and metastasis. OSM is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) family\ncytokine important in inflammation, which is produced by activated T-cells, monocytes/macrophages,\nneutrophils, and human breast cancer cells. Our published data demonstrates that OSM induces osteolytic bone\nmetastases in vivo, implicating OSM as an important factor in the localized bone metastatic microenvironment.\nPublished data from our lab and others show that OSM promotes an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor\ncell detachment, and an invasive phenotype in vitro, suggesting that this cytokine may be a critical factor driving\nbreast cancer invasion and tumor cell dissemination. We have recently shown that OSM increases circulating\ntumor cell (CTC) numbers and metastases to lung in vivo, consistent with a more general role for OSM in\nmetastasis. For this proposal, we hypothesize that OSM-induced IL-6 expression is dependent on a\nnegative estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) status and that the presence of ERα will decrease OSM-driven\nbreast cancer metastasis. To test our hypothesis, we propose two specific aims: 1) Determine the mechanisms\nby which ERα represses OSM-induced IL-6 expression, and 2) Analyze OSM and OSM-induced IL-6 and\nmetastatic potential in ER+ and ER- breast cancer models. In the first aim, OSM-induced IL-6 production will be\ninvestigated in both parental and genetically modified ER+ and ER- human breast tumor cells, and the\nmechanisms by which ER represses OSM-induced IL-6 production will be investigated. In the second aim,\ngenetically manipulated ER+ and ER- breast tumor mouse models will be studied with the presence or absence\nof OSM and Siltuximab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-6. Together, these studies will both clarify\nthe complex association between OSM-induced IL-6 and ER status as well as help define the patent population\nthat will most benefit from anti-OSM therapeutics.
47 Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
48 Specific vertebrate cone opsins with distinct peak spectral sensitivities are expressed in\nseparate cone populations, which provide differential input to downstream neurons. This\ninformation is interpreted as color. In humans, the opsins that sense red and green light\n(LWS/MWS) are encoded by an array of tandemly replicated genes sharing a single locus\ncontrol region (L/M array). Defects in this array result in color blindness and more severe cone\ndegenerative disorders. Zebrafish possess an orthologous tandemly replicated long wavelength-\nsensitive array (lws array, red-sensing). The process by which tandemly replicated opsins are\ndifferentially regulated is poorly understood, and filling this knowledge gap would allow the\nvision science community to develop treatments for disorders related to defects in the L/M array,\nas well as establish conditions for differentiating human cones in vitro for cell replacement\ntherapies that permit high acuity color vision. The prevalent model for control of the human array\npredicts stochastic regulation. However, the presence of topographic gradients in LWS:MWS\ncone ratios in human retinas (and LWS1:LWS2 ratios in zebrafish) suggests that a trans\nregulatory mechanism is involved. The Stenkamp lab demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH)\nregulates opsin expression in LWS cones, supporting the presence of a trans regulatory\nmechanism. The proposed research aims to characterize TH-mediated biological differences\nbetween the LWS cones and to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the switch in\nLWS cone opsin expression upon TH exposure in zebrafish. We will use single-cell RNA\nsequencing (scRNA-Seq) to obtain comprehensive transcriptional signatures of LWS cones\nfrom control and TH-treated zebrafish. We will also use previously collected bulk RNA-Seq and\nsingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data to identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) in\nLWS1 vs LWS2 cones, and, after validation, we will determine whether the candidate genes are\ncoordinately regulated by TH. Thirdly, we will use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cell type-selective\ngene disruption strategies to elucidate the roles of TH receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors\n(RXRs) in TH-induced opsin switching. This project will provide insight into zebrafish LWS cone\ndifferentiation and ultimately into the mechanisms by which cones expressing one member of a\ntandemly duplicated opsin gene array differentiate in general.
49 Specific vertebrate cone opsins with distinct peak spectral sensitivities are expressed in\nseparate cone populations, which provide differential input to downstream neurons. This\ninformation is interpreted as color. In humans, the opsins that sense red and green light\n(LWS/MWS) are encoded by an array of tandemly replicated genes sharing a single locus\ncontrol region (L/M array). Defects in this array result in color blindness and more severe cone\ndegenerative disorders. Zebrafish possess an orthologous tandemly replicated long wavelength-\nsensitive array (lws array, red-sensing). The process by which tandemly replicated opsins are\ndifferentially regulated is poorly understood, and filling this knowledge gap would allow the\nvision science community to develop treatments for disorders related to defects in the L/M array,\nas well as establish conditions for differentiating human cones in vitro for cell replacement\ntherapies that permit high acuity color vision. The prevalent model for control of the human array\npredicts stochastic regulation. However, the presence of topographic gradients in LWS:MWS\ncone ratios in human retinas (and LWS1:LWS2 ratios in zebrafish) suggests that a trans\nregulatory mechanism is involved. The Stenkamp lab demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH)\nregulates opsin expression in LWS cones, supporting the presence of a trans regulatory\nmechanism. The proposed research aims to characterize TH-mediated biological differences\nbetween the LWS cones and to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the switch in\nLWS cone opsin expression upon TH exposure in zebrafish. We will use single-cell RNA\nsequencing (scRNA-Seq) to obtain comprehensive transcriptional signatures of LWS cones\nfrom control and TH-treated zebrafish. We will also use previously collected bulk RNA-Seq and\nsingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data to identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) in\nLWS1 vs LWS2 cones, and, after validation, we will determine whether the candidate genes are\ncoordinately regulated by TH. Thirdly, we will use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cell type-selective\ngene disruption strategies to elucidate the roles of TH receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors\n(RXRs) in TH-induced opsin switching. This project will provide insight into zebrafish LWS cone\ndifferentiation and ultimately into the mechanisms by which cones expressing one member of a\ntandemly duplicated opsin gene array differentiate in general.
50 Specific vertebrate cone opsins with distinct peak spectral sensitivities are expressed in\nseparate cone populations, which provide differential input to downstream neurons. This\ninformation is interpreted as color. In humans, the opsins that sense red and green light\n(LWS/MWS) are encoded by an array of tandemly replicated genes sharing a single locus\ncontrol region (L/M array). Defects in this array result in color blindness and more severe cone\ndegenerative disorders. Zebrafish possess an orthologous tandemly replicated long wavelength-\nsensitive array (lws array, red-sensing). The process by which tandemly replicated opsins are\ndifferentially regulated is poorly understood, and filling this knowledge gap would allow the\nvision science community to develop treatments for disorders related to defects in the L/M array,\nas well as establish conditions for differentiating human cones in vitro for cell replacement\ntherapies that permit high acuity color vision. The prevalent model for control of the human array\npredicts stochastic regulation. However, the presence of topographic gradients in LWS:MWS\ncone ratios in human retinas (and LWS1:LWS2 ratios in zebrafish) suggests that a trans\nregulatory mechanism is involved. The Stenkamp lab demonstrated that thyroid hormone (TH)\nregulates opsin expression in LWS cones, supporting the presence of a trans regulatory\nmechanism. The proposed research aims to characterize TH-mediated biological differences\nbetween the LWS cones and to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying the switch in\nLWS cone opsin expression upon TH exposure in zebrafish. We will use single-cell RNA\nsequencing (scRNA-Seq) to obtain comprehensive transcriptional signatures of LWS cones\nfrom control and TH-treated zebrafish. We will also use previously collected bulk RNA-Seq and\nsingle-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data to identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) in\nLWS1 vs LWS2 cones, and, after validation, we will determine whether the candidate genes are\ncoordinately regulated by TH. Thirdly, we will use CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cell type-selective\ngene disruption strategies to elucidate the roles of TH receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors\n(RXRs) in TH-induced opsin switching. This project will provide insight into zebrafish LWS cone\ndifferentiation and ultimately into the mechanisms by which cones expressing one member of a\ntandemly duplicated opsin gene array differentiate in general.
51 Project Summary: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand microglia and macrophage ontogeny, dynamics, and\nendogenous roles in retinal degeneration and regeneration using the zebrafish as a model, a vertebrate\norganism capable of robust retinal regeneration following a variety of insults. Humans do not possess this\nregenerative capacity both in contexts of acute retinal damage or in neurodegenerative diseases of the retina,\nalthough microglia and macrophages are active participants in the response to neuronal death, and\nmacrophages are able to drive wound healing in peripheral tissues. Further, in some contexts, microglia and\nmacrophages appear to contribute to pathology, though modulation of such pathological contributions has not\nbeen achieved. In order to provide future therapeutic and regenerative strategies to support endogenous\nmicroglia/macrophage-specific mechanisms that positively regulate the outcome of regeneration and/or impart\nthe capacity to perform such functions through strategic manipulation, more foundational knowledge is\nrequired. We propose that a thorough understanding of microglia and macrophage functions in a system of\nrobust retinal regeneration (specifically, the zebrafish) will reveal microglia and macrophage functions that can\nultimately be harnessed to mitigate neuroinflammation and support attempts at retinal regeneration in humans.\n Our published and preliminary data indicate that in zebrafish, both retinal resident microglia and extra-\nretinally derived macrophages are present in degenerating and regenerating retinal tissue following an acute\ncytotoxic lesion, and these microglia/macrophages intimately interact with regenerative Müller glia, the cell type\nacting as the source of regenerated neurons. Transcriptional profiling of microglia/macrophages during active\nMüller glia-mediated regeneration indicates functional changes in microglia/macrophages compared to steady-\nstate. Our preliminary data also indicate that altering microglial phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state may\ncontribute to neuronal degeneration. We hypothesize that microglia and macrophages perform crucial\nfunctions in shaping the outcome of retinal degeneration and regeneration. The following Specific Aims will test\nthis hypothesis. 1. Determine the extent and duration of microglia and macrophage heterogeneity following\nretinal injury. 2. Determine how pro-inflammatory macrophages affect retinal degeneration and regeneration. 3.\nDetermine endogenous function(s) of microglia and macrophages in retinal regeneration. Findings from this\nproposal will (I) provide crucial knowledge and tools towards future research to identify microglia vs.\nmacrophage-specific molecular mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration and successful regeneration and\n(II) facilitate comparative studies to identify key factors and mechanisms that determine outcome (pathology\nvs. regeneration) following retinal damage in zebrafish compared to mammals. Collectively, this new\nknowledge will provide foundations towards successful design and application of therapeutic strategies for\nhuman retinal damage and disease.
52 PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
53 PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
54 PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
55 PROJECT SUMMARY\nOver the past decade, the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition surrounding the endothelial\ncells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly recognized not only in barrier development\nand maintenance, but also in dysfunction. The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical for sealing\nparacellular pores between ECs to prevent the passage of fluids, solutes, and cells, thereby forming the de\nfacto BBB. Major gaps in knowledge include what ECM alterations occur during inflammatory injuries and how\nthey contribute to barrier disruption, plus how ECM-EC interactions regulate CLDN5. Our long-term goal is to\nelucidate the endothelial-specific signaling pathways responsible for BBB dysfunction during inflammation.\nThe overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated dysregulation of CLDN5-dependent\nBBB function during inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for the isoform-specific function of AKT2\nin maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a proinflammatory role of two small leucine-\nrich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5 downregulation during neuroinflammation. The\ncentral hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of endothelial-derived SLRPs which act in an autocrine\nfashion to interfere with constitutive ECM-dependent regulation of CLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This\nhypothesis was derived from preliminary findings generated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the\nproposed research is that a better understanding of ECM pathobiology will translate into increased insights of\nthe pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in a multitude of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous\nsystem (CNS) which collectively account for the suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States\nalone and bear a cost burden of 300 billion dollars annually. Guided by robust preliminary data, this hypothesis\nwill be tested by two specific aims: 1) Determine the role of endothelial-derived SLRPs in BBB dysfunction during\ninflammation; and 2) Define the role of impaired β1-ILK-AKT2 signaling in ECM-dependent BBB dysfunction.\nThe approach will be multifaceted, combining in vivo physiological analyses in a relevant animal model with\ncomparable ex vivo and in vitro experiments using primary ECs isolated from CNS tissue. Innovative\nexperimental models include transgenic mice with inducible BBB-specific SLRP deficiency or AKT2\noverexpression; new molecular tools such as Tet-On constructs for gene transfer of decorin, biglycan, ILK,\nand AKT2; targeted screening of pharmacologic agents; and state-of-the-art histopathology techniques to\ndetect inflammatory-mediated ECM alterations likely to only be present surrounding a small percentage of\nCNS microvessels (perivenular inflammatory lesions). The proposed research is significant, as data derived\nfrom these studies will not only establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of the endothelium but\nwill also provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to\nprovide a basis for the development of new therapeutictargets.
56 Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
57 Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
58 Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
59 Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
60 Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
61 PROJECT SUMMARY OF THE PARENT GRANT (R01AG059923)\nMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing\nand reinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs\nlose their regenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity.\nThis loss of MSC health causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in\ndecreased quality of life and increased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing\neffective therapies in aging and MSC related regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest\nimpedes MSC health.\nThe nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function\nand fate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of\nthese processes. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus,\nultimately diminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will\nshow, disabling the mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by\nLinker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by\naffecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ signaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and\ndifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging\nby disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction. We will address our principal hypothesis through two\nspecific aims, each using distinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function\nas well as how aging related loss of LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known\nmechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ. We will further determine the force-induced\nmechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC complex expression to augment\nMSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC\ncomplex drives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will\nprovide research communities with [1] efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve\nLINC-mediated mechanosignaling and [2] foundational structure-function relationship data in\nhealthy and aged stem cells.
62 Project Summary\n Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone marrow provide regenerative capacity for bone, replacing and\nreinforcing the skeleton at load bearing sites. When we age or in prolonged bedrest, MSCs lose their\nregenerative potential, often measured by their proliferative and differentiation capacity. This loss of MSC\nhealth causes osteoporosis and delayed healing, ultimately resulting in decreased quality of life and\nincreased medical costs. A fundamental knowledge gap preventing effective therapies in aging and MSC\nrelated regenerative medicine is how aging and bedrest impedes MSC health.\n The nucleus, central to all cellular activity, relies on both mechanical input as well as its molecular\ntransducers to regulate intra-nuclear chromatin organization that ultimately determine cell function and\nfate. Thus, failure to transmit this information to the nucleus would lead to the breakdown of these\nprocesses. Here, we ask if aging is a process that limits information flow into the nucleus, ultimately\ndiminishing its organizational capacity and responsiveness to outside stimuli. As we will show, disabling\nthe mechanical connection between cytoskeleton and nucleus facilitated by Linker of Nucleoskeleton and\nNucleoskeleton (LINC) complexes, impairs mechanosensitivity by affecting βcatenin and YAP/TAZ\nsignaling. This leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.\nOur principal hypothesis is that loss of LINC-connectivity significantly contributes to MSC aging by\n disrupting nuclear mechanotransduction.\n Through this revision submitted in response to [PA16-442] - Changes in Cellular Architecture\nDuring Aging (R01), we will address our principal hypothesis through two specific aims, each using a\ndistinct hypotheses to examine how inhibiting LINC complex function as well as how aging related loss\nof LINC complex limits MSC mechanosignaling of known mechanotransducers βcatenin and YAP/TAZ.\nWe will further determine the force-induced mechanisms of how sustained physical activity protects LINC\ncomplex expression to augment MSC and bone mechanosignaling within the context of aging.\nIf successful, we will establish, for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of how loss of LINC complex\ndrives decreased mechanosensory capability in aging. Completion of these aims will provide research\ncommunities with (1) efficacy of LIV based regenerative modalities that improve LINC-mediated\nmechanosignaling and (2) foundational structure-function relationship data in healthy and aged stem\ncells.
63 Project Summary\nNotch signaling is a fundamental mechanism through which a majority of multicellular\nanimals regulate cell biology. Mammalian organisms express four Notch receptors that\nare activated by nearly identical mechanisms. Many years of Notch research has led to\na dogma whereby active Notch fragments (NICD molecules) associate with a co-\ntranscription factor complex that in turn binds to DNA as either monomers, or as head-\nto-head homodimers to drive transcription. There remain however significant gaps in our\nunderstanding of Notch. Chief among these gaps are an understanding of how all the\nNotch receptors are integrated to produce the overall Notch signaling output from a cell.\nThe main goal of this proposal is to address these gaps in knowledge. Our preliminary\nresults have now identified a novel mode of Notch signaling, heterodimerization between\ndifferent NICD molecules. Moreover, we have also determined that even different Notch\nNICD homodimers display unique transcriptional activities on various synthetic\npromoters. We hypothesize that both heterodimerization of NICD molecules and unique\npromoter preferences of various NICD homodimers cooperate to diversify the Notch\nsignaling mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we propose two aims in which NICD\nheterodimerization will be characterized based on the fundamental rules of\nheterodimerization and the promoter binding activity of various NICD homodimers will be\ncompared. Given the critical importance of Notch signaling to cell biology under both\nhealthy and diseased states, these results will add fundamental knowledge that will be\nvaluable in the struggle to improve human health.\n
64 !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
65 !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
66 Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The second Aim will identify\nand characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of client proteins. Together\nthese studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of the function of\ncochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity. Identification of\nclusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards rational design of\ncompounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.
67 !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
68 !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
69 !Project Abstract\nThe highly conserved abundant molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a global cellular regulator\nthat interacts with client proteins in a dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to ensure client\nprotein folding, transport and/or assembly into multiprotein complexes. Hsp90-\ndependent proteins have critical roles in many forms of cancer and neurodegenerative\ndisease as well as cystic fibrosis and other diseases. Our long-term goal is to\nunderstand how Hsp90 and cochaperones cooperate in the folding of hundreds of\nproteins with diverse sequences and structures sufficiently to develop small compounds\nthat only affect subsets of Hsp90 clients. In the first Aim, we will use a novel set of\nHsp90 mutants to understand how three cochaperones that bind the closed, ATP and\nclient-bound conformation of Hsp90 fine-tune client folding. The technically innovative\nsecond Aim will identify and characterize Hsp90 mutants that affect different subsets of\nclient proteins. Together these studies will enable a better mechanistic understanding of\nthe function of cochaperones in regulating client selection, conformation and activity.\nIdentification of clusters of Hsp90 mutants with similar effects will pave a path towards\nrational design of compounds with selective effects on Hsp90 clients in vivo.\n!
70 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
71 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
72 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
73 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
74 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe objective of this proposal is to understand the interaction of α-crystallin with membrane cholesterol (Chol)\nand cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs) in the fiber-cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens. CBDs are\nformed in the fiber-cell plasma membrane of the eye lens and have positive physiological functions, helping to\nmaintain lens transparency and possibly protect against cataract formation. The soluble lens protein, α-crystallin,\nis a major structural protein that, under healthy conditions, forms a transparent lattice in the lens and plays a\nmajor role in maintaining lens transparency. Several discoveries report that the level of α-crystallin in the lens\ncytoplasm declines with age and cataract progression, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount\nof membrane-bound α-crystallin. However, the mechanism by which α-crystallin associates with fiber-cell plasma\nmembrane and how the age-related change in membrane lipid composition affects the α-crystallin binding is\nunclear. I hypothesize that the binding of α-crystallin to membrane is inhibited by CBDs, which decreases the\nlight scattering and helps maintain lens transparency. In their proposed role, CBDs should increase the level of\nα-crystallin in the lens cytoplasm favoring its chaperone function and maintaining lens cytoplasm homeostasis. I\ndiscovered that the properties of CBDs change significantly with age and are related to the size of the CBD,\nwhich increases with age and is greater in nuclear than in cortical membranes. Based on my extensive\nexperience working with CBDs in model and human lens membranes, I will (i) determine the lipid composition in\nfiber-cell plasma membranes that promotes or inhibits the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, (ii) test the\nhypothesis that CBDs inhibit the binding of α-crystallin to membranes, and finally (iii) determine the effects of\nCBD on the binding of α-crystallin in clear and cataractous human lens membranes of different age groups. The\nanalysis will include donor's health history, sex, and race. I developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)\nmethods to study small-volume aqueous biological samples (3 µL at X-band or 150 nL at W-band), particularly\nfor studies of lens membranes obtained from the eyes of a single donor. This technique provides a major\nadvantage when studying the binding of α-crystallin in membranes of age-matched clear and cataractous lenses\nfrom human donors. In addition, the EPR approach has the unique ability to simultaneously provide information\nabout the CBDs and the binding of α-crystallin. For the last eight years, my research has focused on\nunderstanding the molecular organization of lipids and proteins in plasma membrane of intact fiber cells of human\neye lenses. Building upon the knowledge I acquired during these studies, here I propose moving my research in\na new direction to focus on the interaction of CBDs with α-crystallin. There is a clear need for a more in-depth\nunderstanding of the roles of CBDs in the binding of α-crystallin in the fiber cell plasma membrane. The findings\nfrom this study will help fill this gap and produce valuable insights in maintaining lens transparency.
75 PROJECT ABSTRACT\nDense connective tissue is composed of an abundant collagen network that is maintained and repaired by\nfibroblasts. These fibrous tissues are commonly injured and due to poor vascularity are slow to heal, leading to\nover 15 million hospital visits in the U.S. each year. It's well established that dynamic mechanical stimulus will\ntrigger fibroblasts to repair and remodel the collagen network, but the specific states of three-dimensional\nmatrix deformation that regulate fibroblast biosynthesis have not yet been identified. One potential explanation\nis that fibroblast-mediated collagen remodeling is governed at the tissue-scale by distortion strain energy, which\naccounts for a change in matrix shape, while preserving matrix volume. To test this central hypothesis, a novel\nbioreactor has been developed to administer a unique combination of biaxial stresses that have previously never\nbeen applied to 3D fibroblast-seeded scaffolds. This bioreactor will be used to apply varying magnitudes of\ndistortion energy to collagen matrices seeded with human fibroblasts for 8 days of culture. Alterations in the\ncomposition, organization, and mechanical behavior of the scaffolds will be measured. Kinematic data from the\nexperiment will be input into a finite element model that uses matrix distortion to modulate collagen growth.\nExperimental and computational results will be compared for model validation. If successful, this study will\nprovide a mechanistic basis for the repair and regeneration of dense connective tissue and will establish a new\nexperimental and theoretical framework to study mechanosensitive cells.
76 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
77 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
78 Project Summary/Abstract\n This proposed Diversity Research Supplement aims to extend the scientific impact of the parent trial to test\nthe effects of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) strategy on the\nimplementation (aim 1) and sustainment (aim 2) of digital measurement-based care (MBC) and the\nmechanisms that link LOCI to improve MBC fidelity (aim 3) and support a promising early career investigator\nwho will contribute to the diversity of the NIH workforce. Within the scope of Aim 3 (mechanisms), the\nproposed diversity research supplement extends the study’s scientific impact by generating new data and\ntesting new hypotheses regarding the role of cost-neutral workplace-based clinical supervision in optimizing\nMBC fidelity and youth clinical outcomes. This work fills a critical gap in scalable, supervision-focused\nimplementation strategies that could be integrated into, or deployed independently of, the LOCI strategy.\n Workplace-based clinical supervision is an essential, ubiquitous, and often State-mandated infrastructure\nfor delivering community mental health care. As such, it is a potentially powerful, cost-neutral entry point for\nimproving clinical outcomes by supporting high fidelity delivery of evidence-based practices (EBP), such as\nMBC. However, the evidence-informed clinical supervision strategies (CSS) that are most effective are least\nused in routine settings and the key determinants of this variation are yet to be discovered. Evidence suggests\nthat the organizational climate for implementation of EBP, which is a key target of LOCI, improves intensity of\nEBP-related supervision content. However, experiments are needed to test the linkage. Furthermore, beyond\norganizational climate, quantitative studies have failed to identify tractable determinants, highlighting the\nimportance of qualitative inquiry to generate deeper understanding and new hypotheses regarding the potential\nmultilevel supervision determinants and their potentially complex interactions. The proposed supplement takes\nthe essential first steps toward generating a scalable, effective, and theoretically grounded implementation\nstrategy that leverages routine workplace-based clinical supervision to promote MBC fidelity and clinical\noutcomes. Within the context of the parent trial, using an explanatory mixed method design, the proposed\nsupplement will: 1) Test the effect of LOCI on supervisors’ use of evidence-informed CSS, 2) Test supervisors’\nuse of CSS as a link between LOCI and MBC fidelity and clinical outcomes within the parent cluster\nrandomized controlled trial, and 3) Identify the most salient and tractable determinants of supervisors’ use of\nevidence-informed CSS that are not targeted by LOCI at the policy, agency, supervisor, supervisee, and\ntechnique levels through in-depth qualitative interviews with end users and potential adopters. This supplement\nlaunches a program of research focused on closing the research-practice gap by applying innovative, theory-\ndriven design approaches to a highly prevalent, impactful, and feasible inflection point for transforming clinical\npractice—workplace-based clinical supervision.
79 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
80 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
81 PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT\n Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of mortality and disability among youth in high income\ncountries, accounting for 21% of total disease burden, and afflicting 1 in 10 youths in the US with severe\nimpairment. Over 1,200 effective interventions, or evidence-based practices (EBPs), have been shown to\nimprove the well-being of youth with psychiatric disorders. However, despite these advances, less than half of\nyouths treated in community settings experience symptom improvement, a situation largely attributed to the\nlow rates at which community providers adopt EBPs and, even when adopted, the low fidelity with which EBPs\nare implemented and sustained. Digital measurement-based care (MBC) systems, which collect treatment\noutcome data from patients and provide clinicians with real-time feedback and recommendations based on ‘big\ndata’ actuarial algorithms, are a high-impact digital health technology EBP shown in 29 RCTs to generate\nimprovements in clinical outcomes (i.e., d=.3-.5) across patient ages, diagnoses, and treatment modalities.\nDespite this, digital MBC systems are rarely used in community settings for youth, and when they are, fidelity\nand sustainment are often poor. Recent reviews indicate that many of these implementation and sustainment\ndeficits can be traced to a lack of organization-level ‘social infrastructure’ or social contexts and leadership that\ndo not support and motivate clinicians to adopt and use MBC systems; without this organizational social\ninfrastructure, many implementation efforts fail. These observations are consistent with organizational climate\ntheory and theories of behavior change which we have integrated to generate our primary hypothesis:\nachieving effective implementation and sustainment of MBC in community settings requires mechanisms of a\nstrong organizational implementation climate and high clinician motivation generated through effective clinic\nleadership. With NIH support, we have pilot tested a highly transportable implementation strategy called\nLeadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) that targets these mechanisms. Preliminary\nstudies in mental health clinics show that LOCI is feasible, acceptable, and improves implementation\nleadership and climate. We propose a randomized controlled trial of LOCI in 20 children’s mental health clinics,\nincorporating 120 clinicians and a total of 720 youth outpatients, to test LOCI’s effects relative to\nimplementation as usual (IAU) on clinician fidelity and youth clinical outcomes of a well-established digital MBC\nintervention during two phases of initial implementation and sustainment.\n This project brings together an early career/new investigator (Williams) collaborating with experienced, NIH\nfunded implementation scientists (Aarons, Ehrhart) to advance programmatic research on the leadership,\norganizational, and clinician mechanisms that improve digital MBC implementation and sustainment. The study\nwill (1) test LOCI’s effects on clinician fidelity to MBC and youth clinical outcomes during initial implementation,\nand (2) sustainment; and (3) test the multilevel mechanisms that link LOCI to MBC fidelity.
82 Project Summary\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Since the decision to operate is often based on common symptoms, such\nas headache, along with a single imaging measure of cerebellar tonsil position that is commonly recognized as\ninadequate, the concern for under- and especially over-treatment is high. The CM1 public critically needs a\nbiomarker that better reflects CM1 pathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection.\nThis proposal seeks to replace the simplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel\nMRI-based biomarker that quantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the\nbrain and spinal cord. Our central hypothesis is that quantification of dynamic deformation within specific\ncentral nervous system tissue regions will be a biomarker to help appropriately select people with >5 mm\ntonsillar descent for surgical treatment. It is not possible to quantify neural tissue stress or pressure\nnoninvasively. However, tissue deformation can be measured noninvasively with phase contrast (PC) MRI or\ndisplacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). Our preliminary data and publications show strong\nevidence for the importance of neural tissue deformation assessment in CM1 and confirmed DENSE sequence\noptimization and measurement reliability in the brain. Additionally, all members of our research team have\nreceived multiple research grants focused on CM1 and worked together in multiple funded CM1 projects.\nTo test our hypothesis, in Aim 1, we will compare symptomatic CM1 patients, prior to surgery (N=20), to\nhealthy controls (N=20) using dynamic deformation parameters (bulk motion, compression, tension, and shear)\nobtained at the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellar tonsils using PC MRI and DENSE. This aim will\nestablish dynamic deformation parameters as a biomarker for symptomatic CM1. In Aim 2, we will compare\nneural tissue deformation in symptomatic CM1 patients (N=20) to asymptomatic subjects with >6 mm tonsillar\ndescent below the foramen magnum (N=20). This aim will establish dynamic deformation as a biomarker that\nmitigates CM1 false-positive diagnosis. In Aim 3, we will determine how surgical treatment of CM1 alters\nneural tissue deformation and its correlation with symptom improvement. This aim will allow understanding of\nhow deformation relates to surgical success. Our long-term goal is to develop advanced MR imaging and\nanalysis techniques to form a CM1 biomechanics analysis tool-set that can be used clinically and applied in a\nmulticenter study that will aid early detection, more precise diagnosis, and clinical management of CM1.
83 Project Summary\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Since the decision to operate is often based on common symptoms, such\nas headache, along with a single imaging measure of cerebellar tonsil position that is commonly recognized as\ninadequate, the concern for under- and especially over-treatment is high. The CM1 public critically needs a\nbiomarker that better reflects CM1 pathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection.\nThis proposal seeks to replace the simplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel\nMRI-based biomarker that quantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the\nbrain and spinal cord. Our central hypothesis is that quantification of dynamic deformation within specific\ncentral nervous system tissue regions will be a biomarker to help appropriately select people with >5 mm\ntonsillar descent for surgical treatment. It is not possible to quantify neural tissue stress or pressure\nnoninvasively. However, tissue deformation can be measured noninvasively with phase contrast (PC) MRI or\ndisplacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). Our preliminary data and publications show strong\nevidence for the importance of neural tissue deformation assessment in CM1 and confirmed DENSE sequence\noptimization and measurement reliability in the brain. Additionally, all members of our research team have\nreceived multiple research grants focused on CM1 and worked together in multiple funded CM1 projects.\nTo test our hypothesis, in Aim 1, we will compare symptomatic CM1 patients, prior to surgery (N=20), to\nhealthy controls (N=20) using dynamic deformation parameters (bulk motion, compression, tension, and shear)\nobtained at the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellar tonsils using PC MRI and DENSE. This aim will\nestablish dynamic deformation parameters as a biomarker for symptomatic CM1. In Aim 2, we will compare\nneural tissue deformation in symptomatic CM1 patients (N=20) to asymptomatic subjects with >6 mm tonsillar\ndescent below the foramen magnum (N=20). This aim will establish dynamic deformation as a biomarker that\nmitigates CM1 false-positive diagnosis. In Aim 3, we will determine how surgical treatment of CM1 alters\nneural tissue deformation and its correlation with symptom improvement. This aim will allow understanding of\nhow deformation relates to surgical success. Our long-term goal is to develop advanced MR imaging and\nanalysis techniques to form a CM1 biomechanics analysis tool-set that can be used clinically and applied in a\nmulticenter study that will aid early detection, more precise diagnosis, and clinical management of CM1.
84 Project Summary\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They depend on a unique\nbiphasic developmental cycle consisting of a replicative cell form and an infectious cell form. This\ndevelopmental program alternates between two differentiated cell types, the elementary body (EB) and\nreticulate body (RB) and is critical to the completion of its life cycle. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia\ncontains the causative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic\ninfections resulting in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease\nand is linked to atherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading\ncause of preventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective\nof the resulting disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and biphasic\ndevelopmental cycle.\n The cell type specific division of labor (replication=RB, cell invasion=EB) in these pathogens\ngenerates a developmental cycle that results in a viral like one step growth curve with a defined eclipse period\nwhen no infectious progeny are present. Chlamydial pathogenesis is dependent on balancing the need to\nreplicate with the need to create infectious progeny. It is not clear how this developmental process is regulated.\nIn this proposal we aim to first Determine the molecular mechanisms that control RB to EB development.\nTo uncover genes involved in regulating the cycle we will employ a forward genetic screen leveraging chemical\nmutagenesis and live cell imaging using novel reporter constructs to visualize the developmental cycle in real\ntime.\n Our previous work uncovered a regulatory circuit involved in EB formation. The small non coding\nRNA, IhtA, inhibits the translation of the EB nucleoid factor and histone homolog HctA. By determining the\nmechanism of this regulation a second protein regulated by IhtA was discovered, the hypothetical protein\nCTL0322. Preliminary evidence indicates that CTL0322 is a DNA binding protein and is involved in RB to EB\ndifferentiation. The second aim will focus on Determining the role of the DNA binding protein CTL0322 in\nthe chlamydial developmental cycle. To understand the role of CTL0322, we will employ a combination of\ngenetics, isolation of suppressor mutants, biochemistry and pull down assays to identify binding partners, and\ntranscriptional profiling to determine pathways impacted byCTL0322.\n Ultimately, understanding the process involved in regulating the unique chlamydial developmental\ncycle will lead to new narrowly targeted therapeutic targets helping to alleviate the burden of broad\nantimicrobial resistance.
85 Project Summary\nThe bacteria in the Chlamydiales order are intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. They depend on a unique\nbiphasic developmental cycle consisting of a replicative cell form and an infectious cell form. This\ndevelopmental program alternates between two differentiated cell types, the elementary body (EB) and\nreticulate body (RB) and is critical to the completion of its life cycle. Within this order, the genus Chlamydia\ncontains the causative agents of a number of important pathogens of humans. C. psittaci causes zoonotic\ninfections resulting in pneumonia, while C. pneumoniae is a human pathogen that causes respiratory disease\nand is linked to atherosclerosis. Biovars of C. trachomatis are the causative agents of trachoma, the leading\ncause of preventable blindness worldwide, as well as the sexually transmitted disease Chlamydia. Irrespective\nof the resulting disease, all chlamydial species share the same obligate intracellular life cycle and biphasic\ndevelopmental cycle.\n The cell type specific division of labor (replication=RB, cell invasion=EB) in these pathogens\ngenerates a developmental cycle that results in a viral like one step growth curve with a defined eclipse period\nwhen no infectious progeny are present. Chlamydial pathogenesis is dependent on balancing the need to\nreplicate with the need to create infectious progeny. It is not clear how this developmental process is regulated.\nIn this proposal we aim to first Determine the molecular mechanisms that control RB to EB development.\nTo uncover genes involved in regulating the cycle we will employ a forward genetic screen leveraging chemical\nmutagenesis and live cell imaging using novel reporter constructs to visualize the developmental cycle in real\ntime.\n Our previous work uncovered a regulatory circuit involved in EB formation. The small non coding\nRNA, IhtA, inhibits the translation of the EB nucleoid factor and histone homolog HctA. By determining the\nmechanism of this regulation a second protein regulated by IhtA was discovered, the hypothetical protein\nCTL0322. Preliminary evidence indicates that CTL0322 is a DNA binding protein and is involved in RB to EB\ndifferentiation. The second aim will focus on Determining the role of the DNA binding protein CTL0322 in\nthe chlamydial developmental cycle. To understand the role of CTL0322, we will employ a combination of\ngenetics, isolation of suppressor mutants, biochemistry and pull down assays to identify binding partners, and\ntranscriptional profiling to determine pathways impacted byCTL0322.\n Ultimately, understanding the process involved in regulating the unique chlamydial developmental\ncycle will lead to new narrowly targeted therapeutic targets helping to alleviate the burden of broad\nantimicrobial resistance.
86 PROJECT SUMMARY\nAccidental falls among people aged 65 years and older cause approximately 2.7 million injuries, 27,000\ndeaths, and cost more than 34 billion dollars in the US annually. The risk of an accidental fall is substantially\nhigher in the aging population compared to younger adults; one third of adults over 65 years of age fall\nannually and this increases to 50% over 80 years. Common causes of accidental falls in the older population\ninclude tripping, or slipping on wet or polished floors. Despite the prevalence of accidental falls in the aging\npopulation and disparity with younger adults, the effect of aging on how the musculoskeletal system adapts to\nchallenging conditions, such as slippery ground, is poorly understood. While researchers have identified risk\nfactors for falls including lower-extremity weakness, knee joint instability, environmental hazards and cognitive\nimpairment, underlying mechanisms driving musculoskeletal adaptation are poorly understood.\nThere is a gap in understanding of the mechanisms of musculoskeletal adaptation to challenging conditions,\ndifferences in musculoskeletal adaptation between young and older populations, and the relationship between\nknee joint instability and whole body musculoskeletal function (movement, muscle forces). The goals of this\nproposed foundational study are to 1) elucidate how young and older populations respond to challenging\nconditions, including environmental, physical and cognitive changes, 2) establish a functional measure of knee\njoint stability, and 3) quantify relationships between knee joint stability and whole-body musculoskeletal\nfunction. Our team will (1) develop a unique experimental dataset of whole-body kinematics, ground reaction\nforces, strength and balance testing, and bony anatomy, for cohorts of young and older adults performing\nroutine daily activity under a variety of environmental, physical, and cognitive external conditions, (2) apply a\ncombined experimental and computational approach to predict muscle force and joint stability, and (3)\ndetermine the strength of relationships between knee joint stability and whole-body musculoskeletal metrics\ntypically associated with risk of falls (muscle strength, whole-body movement, balance).\nWhile the proposed foundational study focuses specifically on identifying musculoskeletal adaptations in\nresponse to challenging conditions and links to joint stability in young (low risk) and older (high risk) adults, we\nanticipate that successful completion of this work will lead to further studies to develop targeted muscle training\nprograms that will improve joint stability and musculoskeletal function, and optimize surgical and therapeutic\ninterventions, such as bracing and total knee arthroplasty, to establish joint-level stability which best facilitates\nwhole-body function, mobility, and stability.
87 Project Summary/Abstract\nA variety of topical and systemic treatments exist to treat the chronic wounds and burns that afflict over 6\nmillion patients annually in the U.S. However, wound infections/biofilms and necrotic tissue often exacerbate\nhealing times and ultimately contribute to > $25 billion in added annual U.S. health care costs. Generally,\nwounds that fail to resolve are subjected to repeated painful debriding protocols to remove infected and\ndecaying tissues in order to stimulate proper healing. Development of an effective, low cost, portable wound\ndebridement treatment could improve patient outcomes, reduce pain, and ultimately improve health care\ncosts. This proposed project seeks to develop a cold, atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma scalpel to selectively\nremove biofilms and necrotic tissues while leaving healthy tissue undamaged. Wound necrotic tissue and\nbiofilms are stained so that they can be photographed by a capture system for image analysis. The unique\napproach of the proposed system uses a narrow (2mm x 2mm) plasma scalpel that can be moved by a robotic\narm to a desired location over a wound in response to real time imaging of the stained wound. A computer\nalgorithm processes the images to determine the location of the stained material in the wound. A control\nsystem moves the scalpel to the desired location and delivers a stream of plasma to selectively remove only\nnecrotic tissue/biofilms and not healthy tissue. The rate of etching would be dynamically controlled by altering\nplasma energy and rate of passage over the afflicted area. The objectives of this proposal are to (1)\ndemonstrate that a CAP plasma scalpel system can image and remove biofilms from solid\nsubstrates and (2) show selective removal of biofilms from model tissues (Matrigel) and in ex\nvivo porcine ear models that more closely resemble the complex cellular environments of true\nwounds. To accomplish these objectives, a workforce of predominantly undergraduates will conduct\nexperiments to examine the plasma ablation of biofilms grown on glass coverslips and other substrates\n(Matrigel, etc) using staining and microscopic imaging, followed by an analysis of surviving colony forming\nunits (cfu) to demonstrate microbial cell killing. Profilometry across the treated biofilm will be used to\ndemonstrate the depth and width of sample removal from the site including over-etch of healthy tissue. The\nresults will be used in iterative rounds of scalpel design to improve the performance of the instrument.\nSubsequent experiments will demonstrate selectivity by using the device to treat model ex vivo porcine ear\nwounds that contain biofilms in the context of viable mammalian tissue. Wound bioburden will be analyzed\nthrough a combination of staining/imaging techniques. Ablation of wound bioburden will be examined by cfu\nreduction assays using standard plating techniques of wound rinses, histological sampling, staining and\nimaging using standard light microscopy. Selectivity will be further demonstrated using live-dead staining and\nfluorescence confocal microscopy to show that the underlying healthy tissue is unaffected by plasma treatment.
88 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
89 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
90 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
91 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
92 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nExclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 mo is considered the optimal form of nutrition for most newborns, yet\nmany women experience substantial roadblocks in meeting this goal. One of the most common reason for \nlactation cessation is mastitis (inflammation of the breast). Mastitis is also a significant concern for the US dairy\nindustry because, not only does it represent a significant challenge to animal welfare, but it also decreases milk\nproduction and is the most common reason animals are treated with antibiotics. Despite decades of research,\nmastitis prevention and treatment are poorly understood in both species. One reason for this is that, although\nmastitis has historically been attributed to the presence of bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, this\ndogma is now known to be incorrect. Modern advances in the use of DNA sequencing (rather than needing to\ngrow bacteria in culture media) have resulted in a paradigm shift in this regard such that researchers now know\nthat all milk produced by both healthy and mastitic cows and women contains a rich community of microbes.\nExperts now believe that a dysbiosis in these microbes or a shift in their metabolism causes mammary \ninflammation. Consequently, we must now re-examine everything we thought we knew about the etiology and risk\nfactors for this disease. Fundamental to filling this research gap is the rigorous characterization of the \nmicrobiome in milk produced by healthy and mastitic women and cows; and identification of microbial community \n“fingerprints” and metabolomic modifiers, thereof, that alter risk of mammary inflammation. In addition, \nunderstanding the similarities and dissimilarities in mammary inflammation between cows and women will help \nresearchers understand whether the former can be used as a model for the latter (and vice versa). The overall\nobjectives for this project are to 1) compare and contrast the milk microbiome, its functionality, immune \nparameters, and inflammatory markers in healthy and mastitic women and cows, and 2) identify milk microbial \nprofiles and their functionality related to risk for mammary inflammation. Our central hypotheses are that \n1) mammary inflammation in both species is associated with shifts in microbes and their function, concentrations of\nselected markers of immunity and mammary inflammation, and that 2) there exist detectable milk microbiome\npatterns (or functions) that predispose some women and cows to increased risk of inflammation, and these\npatterns are related to (and perhaps modified by) environmental and behavioral parameters, some of which are\ncurrently considered risk factors for mastitis. To test these hypotheses, we will compare healthy and mastitic\ncows and women (case-control design) during the first 6 wk postpartum (longitudinal, repeated-measures \ndesign during a high-risk period in both species). Importantly, we will utilize a multi-omics approach and machine\nlearning to understand complex relationships within and between species. The results of this work will lead to\nbetter understanding of how the microbiology of the lactating mammary gland is related to mammary \ninflammation and will lay the groundwork for future studies to determine how this disease can be prevented and treated.
93 Project Summary/Abstract\nThis request for supplemental funding supports a previously awarded career development grant for Dr.\nCynthia Curl. Dr. Curl’s original project aims to understand sources of glyphosate exposure among pregnant\nwomen living in agricultural communities. Specifically, she aims to measure long-term glyphosate exposure\namong a cohort of pregnant women from the beginning of their first trimesters through delivery via a series of\nrepeated weekly first morning void urine samples. In partnership with Women, Infants and Children (WIC)\nclinics, Dr. Curl is currently recruiting 40 pregnant women in Idaho (as of April 14, 2021, 28 participants have\nbeen enrolled, and recruitment will continue until mid-May 2021). These women live in heavily agricultural\ncommunities along the Snake River Valley as far east as Fruitland, Idaho near the Oregon border to Burley,\nIdaho, located in the central region of the state. Each residential location is mapped to the nearest sugarbeet or\nalfalfa field, and that distance varies from less than a mile to over 10 miles. Sugarbeets and alfalfa are\ncommonly grown in the Snake River Valley and, in Idaho, the majority of these crops are genetically\nengineered to be herbicide-resistant and are thus often treated with glyphosate. The first aim of this project is\nto evaluate the relationship between residential proximity to glyphosate-treated fields and glyphosate\nexposure throughout the growing season. The second aim of this project is to understand the potential for diet\nto contribute to glyphosate exposure. To this end, Dr. Curl will be conducting a 2-week dietary intervention in\nthis cohort in a crossover design. Each participant will be provided one week of conventional food and one\nweek of organic food, randomized to order during June 2021. During this dietary intervention period, each\nstudy participant will provide daily urine samples to assess differences in pesticide exposure attributable to\nthis dietary change. Recruitment for this project originally began in January 2020 and was intended to\ncontinue through May 2020. As of March 12, 2020, the WIC clinics had referred 17 eligible and interested\nparticipants; informed consent meetings and sample collection were underway. As originally designed, these\nmeetings involved face-to-face interactions that had to be discontinued due to COVID-19, and as a result, the\ncohort was released and sample collection halted. Dr. Curl spent fall of 2020 redesigning the study to be fully\ncontactless with no face-to-face interactions. All protocols and materials were revised, and some cases entirely\nre-created; videos were created (in English and Spanish) to provide remote instruction for sample collection\nprocedures; new student researchers were hired; new IRB protocols were designed, submitted and approved;\nand new supplies were ordered to replace those used during the previous year. While the overall scope and\naims of this project are unchanged, this supplement is requested to replace funds expended during the initial\nrecruitment and to fund necessary modifications, in order to ensure project success.
94 Project Summary/Abstract\nThis application outlines a research project to measure glyphosate exposure among pregnant women and a\ntraining plan to transition Dr. Curl from a junior faculty member to a fully independent investigator. Under\nthe mentorship of Dr. Bruce Lanphear, Dr. Richard Fenske, and Dr. Julia Oxford, and with the advice and\nexpertise of Dr. Lianne Sheppard, Dr. Don Morishita, and Dr. Michael Antoniou, this plan will provide\ntraining opportunities in birth cohort study design and implementation, exposure science, and glyphosate\ntoxicity and use. This training plan will further provide an on‐going network of collaborators, mentors and\nadvisors, which will be critical to Dr. Curl's aim of attaining future R01 funding and building a sustained\nresearch agenda. Dr. Curl's research sits at the intersection between agriculture and health. Her long‐term goal\nis to become an expert in assessing dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides, and to contribute to our overall\nunderstanding of the effect of such exposure on human health. This research project focuses on human\nexposure to glyphosate, the single most commonly applied agricultural chemical in the world. Glyphosate has\nbeen declared a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and several\nrecent toxicological studies have further suggested potential neurologic and developmental effects of\nglyphosate exposure at environmentally‐relevant levels. However, despite its extensive use, frequent presence\nin food and environmental media, and potential toxicity, current exposure levels in human populations are not\nwell documented. This proposed study aims to assess glyphosate exposure among a cohort of pregnant\nwomen and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and dietary sources of this exposure.\nSpecifically, this project proposes to utilize an existing repository of urine samples previously collected from\npregnant women to develop and validate a longitudinal urinary biomonitoring strategy for glyphosate\nassessment that will accommodate large within‐individual exposure variation. This biomonitoring strategy\nwill then be employed within a cohort of 40 pregnant women, recruited from urban areas >10 miles from the\nnearest glyphosate‐treated field and agricultural areas <1 mile from the nearest glyphosate‐treated field. It is\nhypothesized that women living near treated fields will have higher exposures than those living further away.\nThese participants will then take part in a week‐long randomized dietary intervention, in which half will\nreceive exclusively organic food (grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, including glyphosate) and half\nwill receive conventional food. It is hypothesized that there will be a reduction in glyphosate exposure among\nall participants randomized to the organic diet, but that the effect of the dietary intervention will be modified\nby residential location. This study will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the magnitude of glyphosate\nexposure in a potentially vulnerable population. It will further serve to quantify the relative contribution of\ndietary and environmental sources to glyphosate exposure in a non‐occupationally exposed cohort.
95 Project Summary/Abstract\nThis application outlines a research project to measure glyphosate exposure among pregnant women and a\ntraining plan to transition Dr. Curl from a junior faculty member to a fully independent investigator. Under\nthe mentorship of Dr. Bruce Lanphear, Dr. Richard Fenske, and Dr. Julia Oxford, and with the advice and\nexpertise of Dr. Lianne Sheppard, Dr. Don Morishita, and Dr. Michael Antoniou, this plan will provide\ntraining opportunities in birth cohort study design and implementation, exposure science, and glyphosate\ntoxicity and use. This training plan will further provide an on‐going network of collaborators, mentors and\nadvisors, which will be critical to Dr. Curl's aim of attaining future R01 funding and building a sustained\nresearch agenda. Dr. Curl's research sits at the intersection between agriculture and health. Her long‐term goal\nis to become an expert in assessing dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides, and to contribute to our overall\nunderstanding of the effect of such exposure on human health. This research project focuses on human\nexposure to glyphosate, the single most commonly applied agricultural chemical in the world. Glyphosate has\nbeen declared a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and several\nrecent toxicological studies have further suggested potential neurologic and developmental effects of\nglyphosate exposure at environmentally‐relevant levels. However, despite its extensive use, frequent presence\nin food and environmental media, and potential toxicity, current exposure levels in human populations are not\nwell documented. This proposed study aims to assess glyphosate exposure among a cohort of pregnant\nwomen and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and dietary sources of this exposure.\nSpecifically, this project proposes to utilize an existing repository of urine samples previously collected from\npregnant women to develop and validate a longitudinal urinary biomonitoring strategy for glyphosate\nassessment that will accommodate large within‐individual exposure variation. This biomonitoring strategy\nwill then be employed within a cohort of 40 pregnant women, recruited from urban areas >10 miles from the\nnearest glyphosate‐treated field and agricultural areas <1 mile from the nearest glyphosate‐treated field. It is\nhypothesized that women living near treated fields will have higher exposures than those living further away.\nThese participants will then take part in a week‐long randomized dietary intervention, in which half will\nreceive exclusively organic food (grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, including glyphosate) and half\nwill receive conventional food. It is hypothesized that there will be a reduction in glyphosate exposure among\nall participants randomized to the organic diet, but that the effect of the dietary intervention will be modified\nby residential location. This study will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the magnitude of glyphosate\nexposure in a potentially vulnerable population. It will further serve to quantify the relative contribution of\ndietary and environmental sources to glyphosate exposure in a non‐occupationally exposed cohort.
96 Project Summary/Abstract\nThis application outlines a research project to measure glyphosate exposure among pregnant women and a\ntraining plan to transition Dr. Curl from a junior faculty member to a fully independent investigator. Under\nthe mentorship of Dr. Bruce Lanphear, Dr. Richard Fenske, and Dr. Julia Oxford, and with the advice and\nexpertise of Dr. Lianne Sheppard, Dr. Don Morishita, and Dr. Michael Antoniou, this plan will provide\ntraining opportunities in birth cohort study design and implementation, exposure science, and glyphosate\ntoxicity and use. This training plan will further provide an on‐going network of collaborators, mentors and\nadvisors, which will be critical to Dr. Curl's aim of attaining future R01 funding and building a sustained\nresearch agenda. Dr. Curl's research sits at the intersection between agriculture and health. Her long‐term goal\nis to become an expert in assessing dietary exposure to agricultural pesticides, and to contribute to our overall\nunderstanding of the effect of such exposure on human health. This research project focuses on human\nexposure to glyphosate, the single most commonly applied agricultural chemical in the world. Glyphosate has\nbeen declared a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and several\nrecent toxicological studies have further suggested potential neurologic and developmental effects of\nglyphosate exposure at environmentally‐relevant levels. However, despite its extensive use, frequent presence\nin food and environmental media, and potential toxicity, current exposure levels in human populations are not\nwell documented. This proposed study aims to assess glyphosate exposure among a cohort of pregnant\nwomen and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and dietary sources of this exposure.\nSpecifically, this project proposes to utilize an existing repository of urine samples previously collected from\npregnant women to develop and validate a longitudinal urinary biomonitoring strategy for glyphosate\nassessment that will accommodate large within‐individual exposure variation. This biomonitoring strategy\nwill then be employed within a cohort of 40 pregnant women, recruited from urban areas >10 miles from the\nnearest glyphosate‐treated field and agricultural areas <1 mile from the nearest glyphosate‐treated field. It is\nhypothesized that women living near treated fields will have higher exposures than those living further away.\nThese participants will then take part in a week‐long randomized dietary intervention, in which half will\nreceive exclusively organic food (grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, including glyphosate) and half\nwill receive conventional food. It is hypothesized that there will be a reduction in glyphosate exposure among\nall participants randomized to the organic diet, but that the effect of the dietary intervention will be modified\nby residential location. This study will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the magnitude of glyphosate\nexposure in a potentially vulnerable population. It will further serve to quantify the relative contribution of\ndietary and environmental sources to glyphosate exposure in a non‐occupationally exposed cohort.
97 ABSTRACT\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon plasticity and\ncommitment of photoreceptor progenitors and precursors, with an emphasis on retinoid signaling as a\nmechanism for controlling photoreceptor fate. During the current funding period we demonstrated that retinoid\ntreatment causes “dedicated cone progenitors” to generate rods, and that the tandemly duplicated zebrafish\nlong wavelength-sensitive (“red” or L) opsin genes, LWS1 and LWS2 (orthologous to the human L/M cone\nopsin array) can be regulated by retinoids. These findings offer opportunities to probe the plasticity of\nphotoreceptor progenitors, determine mechanisms through which differential expression of tandemly\nduplicated opsin genes is achieved, and suggest the enticing prospect of targeted pharmacological\nmanipulation of photoreceptor phenotypes and ratios of these phenotypes in the treatment of retinal\ndegenerative diseases. Retinoid receptors are highly conserved among vertebrates. The zebrafish is\nexceptional for studies involving small molecules such as retinoids, and offers genetic resources for\nmanipulation and measurement of retinoid signaling, and for identification of cone progenitors and specific\nphotoreceptor types. Naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids already see use in the clinic and in\nphotoreceptor differentiation protocols from human ES and iPS cells, making translational applications of our\nfindings not only likely, but rapid. Our proposed studies will test the central hypothesis that retinoid signaling\nvia specific receptors is an endogenous regulatory mechanism underlying photoreceptor progenitor plasticity,\nand apply this information in the contexts of regenerative and stem cell approaches for photoreceptor\nreplacement, with the following Specific Aims: 1. Identify and analyze retinoid signaling-dependent plastic\nstates in cone progenitors. 2. Determine the mechanisms through which retinoid signaling regulates\ncone progenitor plasticity. 3. Determine the fates and plasticity of cone progenitors during retinal\nregeneration. These studies will reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity of\nphotoreceptor progenitors, generating information necessary to manipulate photoreceptor phenotypic fates in\nconcert with the application of cell replacement therapies for human retinal degenerations.
98 The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
99 The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
100 The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
101 The cellular dynamics responsible for induction of birth defects following Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)\ncongenital infections are unclear. Annually, 1% of newborns are congenitally infected with HCMV. Five to\n10% of these infants are symptomatic at birth, displaying a broad spectrum of central and peripheral\nnervous system (CNS and PNS) disorders including microcephaly, mental retardation, and sensorineural\nhearing loss (SNHL). The most severe manifestations may be due to lytic infection of neural progenitor cells\n(NPCs), as seen in tissue culture. The improper/abnormal differentiation of infected NPCs and neurons may\nalso contribute to birth defects. The host immune response to HCMV infection may impact delicate CNS\nand PNS tissues during gestation. However, the development of SNHL during early childhood in infants\nasymptomatic at birth is perplexing. For the thousands of children and their families affected annually there\nis a critical need to determine the source of HCMV-induced birth defects to aid in their prevention and\ntreatment. Our long term goal is to translate our in vitro tissue culture findings into elucidating HCMV's\ncellular interactions contributory to HCMV-induced birth defects. Our objective in this proposal is to\ndetermine if HCMV's specific interactions at two chromosome 1 loci, and the resulting downregulation of\nnidogen 1 (NID1) at 1q42 and myelin protein zero (MPZ) at 1q23, promote malfunctions in the CNS and\nPNS. We find expression of both proteins is downregulated in infected clinical tissue samples. NID1 is\nessential to the developing brain for neuronal migration and neural network excitability and plasticity. We\nfind expressed NID1 protein is actively degraded post infection. Expression of the HCMV tegument protein\npp71 induces breaks at both sites and downregulates NID1. pp71 and the insulator protein CTCF are bound\nat the 1q42 breaksite and the NID1 promoter. NID1 protein levels are also reduced after infection with a\npp71 deletion virus (AD169del71), indicating at least one additional viral protein regulates NID1. HCMV\ntargets NID1 with two viral proteins via two pathways suggesting NID1's elimination delivers strong selective\nadvantage to the virus. MPZ is the principal nerve sheath protein of the PNS. Mutations in MPZ are causally\nlinked to late onset SNHL. MPZ expression being limited solely to Schwann cells of the PNS, which seems\nunlikely could offer any selective advantage to the virus, is strong evidence that MPZ regulation is off-target.\nDeficiencies in NID1 and MPZ could have severe ramifications during development. We hypothesize HCMV\nspecifically downregulates NID1 to promote dispersal of infected cells via remodeling of the extracellular\nmatrix in infected blood vessels and that similarity in sequence shared between the 1q42 and1q23 sites\nleads to an off-target interaction with the 1q23 locus, downregulating MPZ, potentially leading to SNHL. We\nwill determine 1) how HCMV downregulates NID1, 2) the benefit HCMV derives from this downregulation, 3)\nif MPZ is regulated in the same manner and 4) what are the ramifications of NID and MPZ downregulation?
102 Tendons are frequently injured, and unfortunately have poor innate healing capacity that significantly disrupts\nhuman motion. Limited treatment options motivate the need for novel regenerative therapies and tissue\nengineered tendon replacements. Our long-term goal is to generate functional tendon replacements that match\nthe structure and mechanical function of native tendons by enhancing tendon formation in scaffolds seeded\nwith stem cells. A common tissue engineering approach is to seed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in\nextracellular matrix-derived scaffolds, such as collagen sponges. A majority of these approaches have applied\nmechanical stimuli and growth factors to the MSC-seeded scaffolds to direct differentiation of MSCs toward the\ntendon lineage (tenogenesis) and to enhance tissue formation. Unfortunately, these strategies have not\nresulted in an engineered tendon replacement that recapitulates the aligned collagen fiber structure and\nmechanical properties of tendon. Understanding the mechanisms that control scaffold remodeling by MSCs\nmay be the missing detail needed to direct functional tendon formation in vitro. An additional challenge is\ncontrolling tenogenic differentiation of the MSCs. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are potent regulators of\nextracellular matrix remodeling, but it is unknown how MMPs impact tenogenic differentiation and tendon\nformation by MSCs. Also unknown are the mechanisms of MMP regulation by cyclic tensile loading, a common\nstrategy used to guide tenogenic differentiation by MSCs. In other cell types, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α\nhas been found to be activated by mechanical loading and is implicated as a regulator of MMP production.\nHowever, the HIF-1α pathway has not been investigated as a mechanotransducer or regulator of MMP\nproduction in MSCs. To address these missing details in the regulation of MMPs and tenogenic differentiation,\nour study will determine the relationship between MMPs and tenogenesis by MSCs. Our innovative approach\nwill explore the potential for MMPs to impact tenogenesis and identify a potential mechanism of their\nmechanoregulation. This project will test the hypothesis that increased MMP activity enhances tenogenesis in\nvitro, and production of MMPs by MSCs is mechanoregulated by the HIF-1α pathway. In the first aim, we will\ndetermine how exogenous MMP treatment influences tendon formation and tenogenesis of MSCs in collagen\nsponges, and how inhibiting MMP activity alters the MSC response to mechanical stimuli. Results of these\nexperiments will determine the role of MMPs in regulating tenogenic differentiation markers and tendon\nformation by MSCs. In the second aim, we will explore the impact of mechanotransduction by the HIF-1α\npathway on MMP production by MSCs. These experiments will identify the HIF-1α pathway as a\nmechanoregulator of MMP production by MSCs. Results of this project provide insight into the mechanisms\nresponsible for MMP activity-dependent regulation of tissue formation and stem cell tenogenesis, which have\nwide-reaching implications for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration.
103 Tendons are frequently injured, and unfortunately have poor innate healing capacity that significantly disrupts\nhuman motion. Limited treatment options motivate the need for novel regenerative therapies and tissue\nengineered tendon replacements. Our long-term goal is to generate functional tendon replacements that match\nthe structure and mechanical function of native tendons by enhancing tendon formation in scaffolds seeded\nwith stem cells. A common tissue engineering approach is to seed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in\nextracellular matrix-derived scaffolds, such as collagen sponges. A majority of these approaches have applied\nmechanical stimuli and growth factors to the MSC-seeded scaffolds to direct differentiation of MSCs toward the\ntendon lineage (tenogenesis) and to enhance tissue formation. Unfortunately, these strategies have not\nresulted in an engineered tendon replacement that recapitulates the aligned collagen fiber structure and\nmechanical properties of tendon. Understanding the mechanisms that control scaffold remodeling by MSCs\nmay be the missing detail needed to direct functional tendon formation in vitro. An additional challenge is\ncontrolling tenogenic differentiation of the MSCs. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are potent regulators of\nextracellular matrix remodeling, but it is unknown how MMPs impact tenogenic differentiation and tendon\nformation by MSCs. Also unknown are the mechanisms of MMP regulation by cyclic tensile loading, a common\nstrategy used to guide tenogenic differentiation by MSCs. In other cell types, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α\nhas been found to be activated by mechanical loading and is implicated as a regulator of MMP production.\nHowever, the HIF-1α pathway has not been investigated as a mechanotransducer or regulator of MMP\nproduction in MSCs. To address these missing details in the regulation of MMPs and tenogenic differentiation,\nour study will determine the relationship between MMPs and tenogenesis by MSCs. Our innovative approach\nwill explore the potential for MMPs to impact tenogenesis and identify a potential mechanism of their\nmechanoregulation. This project will test the hypothesis that increased MMP activity enhances tenogenesis in\nvitro, and production of MMPs by MSCs is mechanoregulated by the HIF-1α pathway. In the first aim, we will\ndetermine how exogenous MMP treatment influences tendon formation and tenogenesis of MSCs in collagen\nsponges, and how inhibiting MMP activity alters the MSC response to mechanical stimuli. Results of these\nexperiments will determine the role of MMPs in regulating tenogenic differentiation markers and tendon\nformation by MSCs. In the second aim, we will explore the impact of mechanotransduction by the HIF-1α\npathway on MMP production by MSCs. These experiments will identify the HIF-1α pathway as a\nmechanoregulator of MMP production by MSCs. Results of this project provide insight into the mechanisms\nresponsible for MMP activity-dependent regulation of tissue formation and stem cell tenogenesis, which have\nwide-reaching implications for tendon tissue engineering and regeneration.
104 Project Summary\nThe broad, long-term goal of this program of research is to reduce underage drinking and the\nnegative associated consequences. To achieve this goal, this project will examine the efficacy\nof a web-based feedback program delivered in the school setting for high school seniors.\nNumerous studies support the efficacy of interventions in delaying the initiation of alcohol use in\nmiddle school and early high school or reducing heavy drinking in college. Studies evaluating\nthe efficacy of interventions for teens age 16 and older, however, are limited despite data\nindicating high school seniors are particularly vulnerable to alcohol associated risks. While\ninterventions for younger adolescents are generally time intensive skill building programs, those\nfor college students tend to be brief normative feedback interventions. Programs developed for\nyounger adolescents may be less relevant for older teens as a greater percentage of this group\nmay use alcohol and may not be receptive to strategies such as peer refusal skills. In contrast,\nheavy drinking in college is often an extension of drinking patterns established in high school.\nThus, rather than selecting an upward adoption of a program developed for younger\nadolescents, we selected a downward adoption of a brief intervention developed for college\nstudents. Specifically, we chose a web-based feedback program as this type of intervention is\ninexpensive, easy to disseminate, and requires little training. It is not clear, however, if this\napproach will be effective with high school students, or subgroups of students, who may\nrespond differently to normative feedback than college students. Thus, we aim to assess not\nonly the efficacy of a brief web-based intervention, but also to identify groups of students for\nwhom the intervention is more or less effective, as well as examine reasons why some students\nmay be more or less responsive to this approach. The aims of the research are 1) to evaluate\nthe efficacy of a web-based intervention compared to an assessment-only control condition on\nreducing drinking and the negative associated consequences among high school seniors using\na longitudinal design (6 weeks and 6 months) and 2) to explore how the intervention may need\nto be modified to be most effective for this age group by examining moderating factors (e.g.\nbaseline drinking, socio-emotional maturity, sex, college-bound status) and mediating variables\n(e.g. peer drinking norms, alcohol beliefs, alcohol expectancies) to identify subgroups for whom\nthe intervention may be more or less effective and the processes by which the intervention\nimpacts drinking outcomes, thereby providing information on how this intervention may need to\nbe modified for this age group.
105 Project Summary\nThe broad, long-term goal of this program of research is to reduce underage drinking and the\nnegative associated consequences. To achieve this goal, this project will examine the efficacy\nof a web-based feedback program delivered in the school setting for high school seniors.\nNumerous studies support the efficacy of interventions in delaying the initiation of alcohol use in\nmiddle school and early high school or reducing heavy drinking in college. Studies evaluating\nthe efficacy of interventions for teens age 16 and older, however, are limited despite data\nindicating high school seniors are particularly vulnerable to alcohol associated risks. While\ninterventions for younger adolescents are generally time intensive skill building programs, those\nfor college students tend to be brief normative feedback interventions. Programs developed for\nyounger adolescents may be less relevant for older teens as a greater percentage of this group\nmay use alcohol and may not be receptive to strategies such as peer refusal skills. In contrast,\nheavy drinking in college is often an extension of drinking patterns established in high school.\nThus, rather than selecting an upward adoption of a program developed for younger\nadolescents, we selected a downward adoption of a brief intervention developed for college\nstudents. Specifically, we chose a web-based feedback program as this type of intervention is\ninexpensive, easy to disseminate, and requires little training. It is not clear, however, if this\napproach will be effective with high school students, or subgroups of students, who may\nrespond differently to normative feedback than college students. Thus, we aim to assess not\nonly the efficacy of a brief web-based intervention, but also to identify groups of students for\nwhom the intervention is more or less effective, as well as examine reasons why some students\nmay be more or less responsive to this approach. The aims of the research are 1) to evaluate\nthe efficacy of a web-based intervention compared to an assessment-only control condition on\nreducing drinking and the negative associated consequences among high school seniors using\na longitudinal design (6 weeks and 6 months) and 2) to explore how the intervention may need\nto be modified to be most effective for this age group by examining moderating factors (e.g.\nbaseline drinking, socio-emotional maturity, sex, college-bound status) and mediating variables\n(e.g. peer drinking norms, alcohol beliefs, alcohol expectancies) to identify subgroups for whom\nthe intervention may be more or less effective and the processes by which the intervention\nimpacts drinking outcomes, thereby providing information on how this intervention may need to\nbe modified for this age group.
106 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.
107 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.
108 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.
109 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nBacteremia associated with malaria is a significant cause of mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa\nand is also prevalent in adults in some malarious regions. Bacteremic children and adults are difficult to identify\nand many have blood infections with isolates that are multi-antibiotic-resistant. The high occurrence of\nbacteremia suggests that malaria induces a “leaky gut,” an intestinal barrier dysfunction that facilitates escape\nof bacteria from the gut lumen into the blood with resulting serious sequelae. Recent studies have\ndocumented allergic inflammation in malaria, but no studies to date have linked this phenomenon to increased\nintestinal permeability observed in both acute and resolving clinical malaria. Our published and preliminary\nstudies suggest that malaria-induced innate signals, including early cytokine synthesis and basophil activation,\nlead to mast cell influx into the intestine. Here, activated mast cells damage the physical barrier and suppress\nhost immune responses that limit spread of enteric bacteria that cross the damaged physical barrier. In these\nstudies, we will use our established models to examine the contributions of early innate signals and basophils\n– cells for which no function in malaria has been described – in promoting mastocytosis and the leaky gut\nphenotype we have observed. We will also determine to what extent malaria-induced mast cell degradation of\nthe physical and immunological barriers of the intestine is dependent on mast cell proteases and mast cell-\nderived cytokines that are relevant to our observations. It is our expectation that our work will elucidate new\nmechanisms underlying the importance of allergic inflammation to mucosal barrier degradation in malaria. The\noutcome of the proposed research is likely to provide novel paradigms for future interventions to reduce the\nincidence of malaria-associated bacteremia. This work is significant because it directly addresses an important\nco-morbidity of malaria and will provide novel mechanistic insights into well-documented – and heretofore\nunlinked – clinical observations.
110 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms of PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles, macromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-synuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves preclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD. Recently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary investigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in HeLa cells. To overcome these limitations we have performed an unbiased screen using mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNA seq) to identify key protein interactors and pathways in a widely-used cellular model of PD. We have discovered that VPS35 protein interactors show a high enrichment for RNA- binding proteins including several known or suspected to be causal for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, the D620N mutation resulted in a dramatic decrease in RNA-binding protein interaction. From our screen, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) and Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) have emerged as lead candidates for mediating VPS35 D620N autophagy dysfunction. Based upon RNA-binding protein interaction, we examined the transcriptome of VPS35 WT and D620N cells and found changes indicative of alterations in RNA metabolism and autophagy. We hypothesize that VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy and causes cell death by regulating RNA metabolism through RNA-binding protein activity. We propose testing our hypothesis by determining if autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration by VPS35 D620N is caused by altered RNA-binding protein activity and establish that VPS35 D620N causes transcriptome changes that facilitate autophagy dysfunction.
111 The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
112 The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
113 The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
114 Candidates and Environment: Dr. Fuerst will conduct anatomical, genetic and morphological\nexperiments related to Aims 1 and 2 at the University of Idaho. Dr. Fuerst's expertise is centered in\ndevelopmental biology and genetics of retinal development. Fuerst identified the first molecules that regulate\nretinal mosaics and developed the genetic reagents for use in these experiments. Dr. Borghuis will carry out\nthe electrophysiological and 2-photon fluorescence imaging experiments of Aims 1 and 2 at the University of\nLouisville. Borghuis discovered that OFF bipolar cells primarily utilize kainate type glutamate receptors and\ndeveloped the iGluSnFR method to monitor bipolar cell synaptic output. Dr. Borghuis has also developed the\ncomputational tools for analyzing imaging data, an established strength of his lab. Research Proposal:\nDeveloping neurons readily extend axons and dendrites and make novel synaptic connections, but this ability\nis severely limited in the adult brain. In our preliminary studies we find evidence that synaptogenesis by retinal\nbipolar cells is controlled by regulating axons and dendrite growth: while new synapses appear to form, they\nare restricted to the territory occupied by the bipolar cells' axons and dendrites. We have identified two genes\nthat regulate bipolar cell axonal and dendritic arbor tiling, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam)\nand Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX). Deletion of either gene results in continuous growth and overlap of the\naxonal and dendritic arbors of OFF bipolar cells. Based on the continuous ability of OFF bipolar cells to make\nnovel anatomical contacts in the wild type retina, and their ability to connect with previously untargeted cells in\nthe Dscam and Bax null retinas, we hypothesize that activating axon and dendrite outgrowth in OFF\nbipolar cells is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis with targets that would not otherwise be contacted.\nWe test this hypothesis in two specific Aims. Aim 1: we will map normal connectivity patterns of OFF bipolar\ncells in the developing and aging wild type retina and measure how histological changes during OFF bipolar\ncell synapse maturation and aging impact functional synaptic connectivity. Aim 2: we will inducibly delete\nDscam in adult mice using the Cre:ER system to test if activating dendrite and axon outgrowth in a retina that\ndeveloped normally is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis. We will determine if the expanding axonal and\ndendritic arbors that are observed Dscam or Bax null mice establish functional synapses using\nelectrophysiology and 2-photon glutamate imaging. Long-term goals: Our long-term goal is to understand\nhow to activate adult neurons to make novel synapses for use in human therapies.\n Significance: Understanding why adult mammalian neurons lose the ability to make novel synapses is\nimportant because reactivating adult neurons to make new synaptic connections will be critical for regeneration\nand repair in neurological disease. We will test if activation of dendrite and axon outgrowth is sufficient for OFF\nbipolar cells to establish synaptic connections with targets they would not otherwise encounter.
115 The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
116 Candidates and Environment: Dr. Fuerst will conduct anatomical, genetic and morphological\nexperiments related to Aims 1 and 2 at the University of Idaho. Dr. Fuerst's expertise is centered in\ndevelopmental biology and genetics of retinal development. Fuerst identified the first molecules that regulate\nretinal mosaics and developed the genetic reagents for use in these experiments. Dr. Borghuis will carry out\nthe electrophysiological and 2-photon fluorescence imaging experiments of Aims 1 and 2 at the University of\nLouisville. Borghuis discovered that OFF bipolar cells primarily utilize kainate type glutamate receptors and\ndeveloped the iGluSnFR method to monitor bipolar cell synaptic output. Dr. Borghuis has also developed the\ncomputational tools for analyzing imaging data, an established strength of his lab. Research Proposal:\nDeveloping neurons readily extend axons and dendrites and make novel synaptic connections, but this ability\nis severely limited in the adult brain. In our preliminary studies we find evidence that synaptogenesis by retinal\nbipolar cells is controlled by regulating axons and dendrite growth: while new synapses appear to form, they\nare restricted to the territory occupied by the bipolar cells' axons and dendrites. We have identified two genes\nthat regulate bipolar cell axonal and dendritic arbor tiling, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam)\nand Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX). Deletion of either gene results in continuous growth and overlap of the\naxonal and dendritic arbors of OFF bipolar cells. Based on the continuous ability of OFF bipolar cells to make\nnovel anatomical contacts in the wild type retina, and their ability to connect with previously untargeted cells in\nthe Dscam and Bax null retinas, we hypothesize that activating axon and dendrite outgrowth in OFF\nbipolar cells is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis with targets that would not otherwise be contacted.\nWe test this hypothesis in two specific Aims. Aim 1: we will map normal connectivity patterns of OFF bipolar\ncells in the developing and aging wild type retina and measure how histological changes during OFF bipolar\ncell synapse maturation and aging impact functional synaptic connectivity. Aim 2: we will inducibly delete\nDscam in adult mice using the Cre:ER system to test if activating dendrite and axon outgrowth in a retina that\ndeveloped normally is sufficient to induce synaptogenesis. We will determine if the expanding axonal and\ndendritic arbors that are observed Dscam or Bax null mice establish functional synapses using\nelectrophysiology and 2-photon glutamate imaging. Long-term goals: Our long-term goal is to understand\nhow to activate adult neurons to make novel synapses for use in human therapies.\n Significance: Understanding why adult mammalian neurons lose the ability to make novel synapses is\nimportant because reactivating adult neurons to make new synaptic connections will be critical for regeneration\nand repair in neurological disease. We will test if activation of dendrite and axon outgrowth is sufficient for OFF\nbipolar cells to establish synaptic connections with targets they would not otherwise encounter.
117 The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
118 The Southwestern Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program envisions the creation of an\nenduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of underrepresented (UR)\nstudents from the College of Western Idaho (CWI) community college into biomedical degree programs at\nBoise State University and their successful graduation. Based on statistics from our institutional self-\nassessments, the SWID B2B program will be established with the long-term goal of increasing the number of\nindividuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.\nThe short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR CWI community college students\nthat transfer to Boise State into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and graduation rates for UR\nbiomedical science transfer students, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. In\nsteady state, this program will serve hundreds of students per year and include yearly B2B cohorts of 10 UR\nstudents. To accomplish our goals, we request funding for the following three specific aims. Aim 1. Prepare\nstudents for a biomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Recruit UR students into the\nB2B program, Prepare students for a research experience by offering four courses at CWI relevant to\nbiomedical sciences, and Mentor and Advise students early and continuously. Aim 2. Engage students in a\nbiomedical research experience. The objective of this aim is to Immerse community college students in a\nbiomedical research experience with a faculty mentor/researcher during the summer before they transfer to the\nuniversity campus and to Include students in the everyday activities associated with biomedical research and\nin the ongoing Boise State Summer Research Community. Aim 3. Provide continued engagement through\ncontinuity. The objective of this aim is to Continually Engage students as they move through their degree\nprogram at Boise State by providing an academic-year research experience and a professional development\ncourse that includes training for RCR and peer mentoring, as well as to Equip students for success after\ngraduation by providing a senior level seminar course and the opportunity to present their research data\nnationally. As studies have demonstrated that undergraduate research experiences like the Bridges program\nhave an important positive impact on UR groups, we expect that an enduring SWID B2B program will\ntransform the lives of UR students and improve their success as they move forward into biomedical careers.
119 PROJECT SUMMARY\nEffective therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic or drug-resistant cancer remain an unmet\nmedical need. The emerging oncolytic virotherapy, seeking to exploit the use of replication-competent\nviruses to destroy cancers, represents a unique strategy and holds great promise for cancer therapy.\nClinical activities related to this method have increased considerably in the past decade; many trials are\nongoing or have been completed using oncolytic viruses. Although several trials showed great promise\nwhen viruses were injected directly into tumor nodules leading to significant tumor shrinkage, systemic\nintravenous delivery is required for treatment of metastatic cancer, where tumor nodules are spread\nwidely around the body. However, many oncolytic viruses which are effective when administrated\nintratumorally lack anticancer efficacy when administrated intravenously. The key reason for this is the\nrapid clearance of the viruses from the blood circulation via the immune system before they reach tumor\nsites. For oncolytic virotherapy, an adequate amount of intravenous virus delivery is critical for\ntherapeutic success. To be effective, oncolytic viruses for systemic intravenous delivery need to possess\nadequate stability in blood to selectively target cancer cells and elicit tumor oncolysis. According to\npublished accounts, CD47 self-marker protein with high expression on the surface of red blood cells and\ncancer cells was demonstrated to be a repressor of macrophage phagocytosis. In this study, we propose\nto conjugate the CD47-streptavidin fusion protein onto biotinylated viruses via biotin-streptavidin\naffinity. Various concentrations of soluble recombinant CD47-streptavidin fusion protein will be\nproduced and quantitatively tethered on viruses that are biotinylated. The interaction of CD47-tagged\nviruses and macrophages will be investigated to understand the potential roles of CD47 in the regulation\nof immune evasion of functionalized viruses. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol will be conjugated along\nwith CD47 protein to prevent phagocytosis and serum inactivation of functionalized viruses. In addition\nto its antiphagocytic feature, CD47 protein conjugated on the virus will act as a ligand specifically\ntargeted for tumor cells that are highly expressed with αvβ3 integrins. The proposed strategy on labeling\nthe model virus with CD47 protein and polyethylene glycol can be employed to various types of\noncolytic enveloped viruses which are expected to have extended stability in blood circulation, thereby\nallowing for more efficient site-binding via αvβ3 integrin and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy.
120 PROJECT SUMMARY\nEffective therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic or drug-resistant cancer remain an unmet\nmedical need. The emerging oncolytic virotherapy, seeking to exploit the use of replication-competent\nviruses to destroy cancers, represents a unique strategy and holds great promise for cancer therapy.\nClinical activities related to this method have increased considerably in the past decade; many trials are\nongoing or have been completed using oncolytic viruses. Although several trials showed great promise\nwhen viruses were injected directly into tumor nodules leading to significant tumor shrinkage, systemic\nintravenous delivery is required for treatment of metastatic cancer, where tumor nodules are spread\nwidely around the body. However, many oncolytic viruses which are effective when administrated\nintratumorally lack anticancer efficacy when administrated intravenously. The key reason for this is the\nrapid clearance of the viruses from the blood circulation via the immune system before they reach tumor\nsites. For oncolytic virotherapy, an adequate amount of intravenous virus delivery is critical for\ntherapeutic success. To be effective, oncolytic viruses for systemic intravenous delivery need to possess\nadequate stability in blood to selectively target cancer cells and elicit tumor oncolysis. According to\npublished accounts, CD47 self-marker protein with high expression on the surface of red blood cells and\ncancer cells was demonstrated to be a repressor of macrophage phagocytosis. In this study, we propose\nto conjugate the CD47-streptavidin fusion protein onto biotinylated viruses via biotin-streptavidin\naffinity. Various concentrations of soluble recombinant CD47-streptavidin fusion protein will be\nproduced and quantitatively tethered on viruses that are biotinylated. The interaction of CD47-tagged\nviruses and macrophages will be investigated to understand the potential roles of CD47 in the regulation\nof immune evasion of functionalized viruses. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol will be conjugated along\nwith CD47 protein to prevent phagocytosis and serum inactivation of functionalized viruses. In addition\nto its antiphagocytic feature, CD47 protein conjugated on the virus will act as a ligand specifically\ntargeted for tumor cells that are highly expressed with αvβ3 integrins. The proposed strategy on labeling\nthe model virus with CD47 protein and polyethylene glycol can be employed to various types of\noncolytic enveloped viruses which are expected to have extended stability in blood circulation, thereby\nallowing for more efficient site-binding via αvβ3 integrin and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy.
121 ABSTRACT\nInfections caused by parasitic protozoa, including the organisms Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica,\nare categorized as neglected diseases of poverty. These infections have been associated with more than 50\nmillion cases of intestinal dysentery and an estimated 70-100,000 deaths per year. Additionally, there has been\na notable rise in chronic infections from parasites that are refractory to standard antibiotic treatments, further\nunderscoring the need to develop new anti-parasitics with novel targets. The objective of this study is to\ndevelop small molecule inhibitors of the two Giardia-specific 5' Methylthioadenosine nucleosidases\n(MTNs) and demonstrate their in vitro antibiotic efficacy against Giardia intestinalis. MTN is unique to\nmicrobe methionine and purine salvage pathways and is not found in humans. This enzyme is responsible for\nthe catabolism of 5' Methylthioadenosine (MTA), a growth inhibitory nucleoside that is the byproduct of S-\nadenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent polyamine synthesis and other SAM-dependent reactions. MTN is\nrequired to salvage sulfur and purine constituents of MTA that the parasites cannot synthesize de novo. In prior\nresearch we characterized the two parasite MTNs and showed that MTN inhibitors are effective anti-parasitic\nagents in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that anti-MTN drugs exert their anti-parasitic effect by depleting\nessential polyamine and purine pools. To accelerate the rate of drug development, experiments described in\nAim 1 of this proposal will synthesize and characterize a library of MTN SMIs based on two recently identified\nlead compounds. The ability of drug candidates to exhibit anti-MTN activity in vitro will be assessed using an\nestablished spectrophotometric enzyme assay. Specificity of the drug candidates will be explored by testing\nactivity against the human enzyme MTAP. Experiments in Aim 2 will further screen compounds showing\npromising enzyme inhibitory activity for in vitro anti-parasitic activity against cultures of Giardia intestinalis.\nSynergy studies will be employed to explore the ability of identified drug candidates to promote sensitivity to the\nestablished anti-parasitic agent metronidazole. The mechanism of action of MTN SMIs developed as part of this\nstudy will be assessed by monitoring global changes in the cellular proteomic and metabolomic composition via\nLC-MS experiments. All of the experiments described here will involve undergraduate researchers, who\nhave been responsible for generation of most of the preliminary data presented in this proposal. These\nstudents are drawn from both Boise State University and the College of Idaho as part of an long term\ncollaboration between the principle investigators that provides innovative multidisciplinary training to 15-20\nundergraduates per year in biomedical research. Ultimately, these experiments will help establish MTN as a\nfavorable therapeutic target and aid in the development of a new class of antibiotics to treat parasitic\ngastrointestinal disease.
122 Equipment for Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Genome by 3D Orbital Tracking\nProject Summary\n Our goal is to develop 3D orbital tracking, a powerful single-molecule fluorescence fluctuation\ntechnique, to measure the timing of gene activation, splicing, and genome organization at an active gene in\nliving cells. By scanning a laser in a circle around a fluorescently labeled site of transcription in a confocal\nmicroscope, we can measure fluorescence intensity at high speed for a very long time in living cells. By\nfluorescent labeling, DNA, RNA, and protein factors in different colors, we can monitor complex assembly,\ntranscription, splicing, and termination of RNA and the proximity of distal DNA elements like enhancers in the\nliving genome.\nLooking at nature in a new way, or with a novel tool, often reveals previously unknown details. This proposal\ndescribes such a project. Although much work has been done to study transcription, splicing, and termination\nof RNA, they have yet to be able to characterize a complete kinetic profile of how the RNA is synthesized from\na gene and then released or when splicing occurs. With such a tool, we may see much that was previously\ninvisible. We can begin to discern complex biochemical reactions that can only be measured in living cells.\nThis research project will support interdisciplinary undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral trainees, who will\nlearn advanced techniques in genome biology and single-molecule imaging, shedding new light on the\nspatiotemporal dynamics of transcription and splicing. Project members will participate in activities to broaden\nthe participation of underrepresented groups in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology.
123 The expression of genetic information depends on the fate of RNA transcripts. In Eukaryotic cells, this\nfate is determined by the successful execution of several processes, including transcription (initiation, elongation,\nand release) splicing, nuclear export and degradation. These processes are not independent in space or time.\nThe rate and completion of any one process may influence that of another, and kinetic studies conducted on\nisolated components can be misleading or incomplete. Unfortunately, the coordinated kinetics of RNA processing\nevents remains poorly understood primarily due to a lack of experiments that can either reproduce it in vitro or\nvisualize it in vivo.\n The main goal of our research is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of\nthe living genome. Our main tool is live cell single molecule fluorescence microscopy. By fluorescently labeling\nprotein and RNA molecules and DNA elements within living cells we can determine the spatiotemporal\nrelationships between them that govern gene expression and RNA splicing at an active gene in a living cell. Our\nmost recent work has measured the timing of gene activation by the transcription factor Glucocorticoid receptor\nafter binding to dexamethasone and the temporal coordination of transcription[1,2] and splicing of intron 2 of a\nhuman beta globin reporter gene[3]. We do this using novel single molecule approaches and cutting edge live\ncell single molecule fluorescence microscopy. Our methods are based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy\nwhich utilizes high temporal resolution to characterize changes in fluorescence intensity at a location in space\nand time and relates that to molecular concentrations, interactions and dwelltime using physical and\ncomputational models. Models are tested using Bayesian inference criterion.\n This research will directly benefit patients suffering from SARS, Breast cancer, AML and hairy cell\nleukemia's by showing the molecular mechanism leading to disease and clinical outcomes. It will also open new\nresearch avenues into the molecular basis of neurological and muscle diseases with origins in alternative splicing\nmis regulation such as Parkinson's disease, Autism, ALS and Cardiomyopathies.
124 The expression of genetic information depends on the fate of RNA transcripts. In Eukaryotic cells, this\nfate is determined by the successful execution of several processes, including transcription (initiation,\nelongation, and release) splicing, nuclear export and degradation. These processes are not independent in\nspace or time. The rate and completion of any one process may influence that of another, and kinetic studies\nconducted on isolated components can be misleading or incomplete. Unfortunately, the coordinated kinetics of\nRNA processing events remains poorly understood primarily due to a lack of experiments that can either\nreproduce it in vitro(6) or visualize it in vivo(1). In addition, a lack of experimental techniques has limited our\nability to understand the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in Eukaryotic cells.\n This research will use state of the art fluorescence microscopy (See Figure 1) to determine the\ncomplete kinetic profile of RNA processing events and correlate them with splicing factor dynamics. To\novercome previous temporal limitations, we will combine 3D orbital tracking(7, 8) microscopy and a newly\ndeveloped fluorescent labeling strategy that allows simultaneous visualization of introns, exons and splicing\nfactors inside of living cells. This will allow us to follow the fate of individual Eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecules as\nthey undergo transcription, splicing, and decay, in real time and enable complete kinetic characterization of the\nsynthesis and processing of individual RNA molecules as well as single molecule temporal correlation of\nsplicing factor binding to RNA or neighboring regions of DNA. In previous work, due to the rapid\nphotobleaching of cells, 10-20 measurements were averaged together to determine transcriptional and splicing\nkinetics(1). With 3D orbital tracking, the information garnered in three previous experiments on two separate\nmicroscopes will be available in a single cell measurement at a 100 times higher sampling rate. This higher\nsampling rate will also allow measurement of splicing factor binding allowing us to determine the molecular\nmechanism of a splicing factor mutation found to occur in multiple human cancers(3-5, 9).\nThe project will utilize novel time resolved microscopy techniques based on fluorescence correlation\nspectroscopy cutting across traditional boundaries of computational physics, optics and cell biology. It will\nimplement recent advances in microscopy in new ways to visualize fundamental spatiotemporal processes\ninvolved in epigenetic regulation at the single molecule level in living cells. This research will directly benefit\npatients suffering from AML, hairy cell leukemia's by showing the molecular mechanism leading to disease. It\nwill also open new research avenues into the molecular basis of neurological and muscle diseases with origins\nin alternative splicing misregulation such as Parkinson's disease, Autism, ALS and Cardomyopathies(10)
125 Abstract\n This project pursues the fundamental nature of the relationship between the early ocular\nvasculature (blood vessels and blood supply) and the developing neural retina. Although much\nis known regarding disorders related to the pathological persistence of the hyaloid vasculature\nin mammals, and pathologies involving the retinal vasculature, the developmental importance of\nthe early ocular vasculature for the developing structures of the eye remains unknown and\nunstudied. Filling this knowledge gap will have tremendous impact. Abnormalities of the ocular\nvasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in numerous retinal diseases.\nAccess to a blood supply, and specific roles for endothelial cells are known to exist within other\ndeveloping systems, and results from a small number of published developmental gain-of-\nfunction studies (those which increase vessel development) suggest a role for the early ocular\nvasculature in regulating development of the adjacent neural retina. In addition, studies using\nco-culture models suggest that direct cellular contact of neural progenitors with endothelial cells\ninfluenced neural stem cell proliferation and retinal cell differentiation. Our published and\npreliminary data provide further evidence that a regulatory relationship exists and is required in\nthe developing eye in vivo, such that the early ocular vasculature must be present for normal\nretinal neurogenesis, and this requirement is not strictly metabolic. We now propose to discover\nthe specific role of vascular endothelial cells in the control of retinal neurogenesis.\n Our objective in this application is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms\nunderlying retinal abnormalities in embryonic zebrafish models for vascular dysgenesis. The\nembryonic zebrafish is ideal for these studies because the tissues are not yet dependent upon\ncirculating hemoglobin for oxygenation, thus allowing innovative experimental manipulations of\nthe vasculature that uncover non-metabolic, developmental roles for the vasculature. We\npropose to test the hypothesis that factors derived from the endothelial cells of the early ocular\nvasculature are necessary for normal retinal neurogenesis, by pursuit of two Specific Aims. 1.\nDefine the roles of circulating vs. local endothelial cell-derived factors in regulating retinal\nneurogenesis and gliogenesis. 2. Identify regulatory targets of endothelial-derived factors.\n This project will lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying endothelial-\nderived and circulation-derived factors and understanding their roles in retinal stem cell niches\nin embryonic eyes, regions of persistent neurogenesis, during retinal regeneration, and in\nvascular pathologies of the retina.
126 Abstract\n This project pursues the fundamental nature of the relationship between the early ocular\nvasculature (blood vessels and blood supply) and the developing neural retina. Although much\nis known regarding disorders related to the pathological persistence of the hyaloid vasculature\nin mammals, and pathologies involving the retinal vasculature, the developmental importance of\nthe early ocular vasculature for the developing structures of the eye remains unknown and\nunstudied. Filling this knowledge gap will have tremendous impact. Abnormalities of the ocular\nvasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in numerous retinal diseases.\nAccess to a blood supply, and specific roles for endothelial cells are known to exist within other\ndeveloping systems, and results from a small number of published developmental gain-of-\nfunction studies (those which increase vessel development) suggest a role for the early ocular\nvasculature in regulating development of the adjacent neural retina. In addition, studies using\nco-culture models suggest that direct cellular contact of neural progenitors with endothelial cells\ninfluenced neural stem cell proliferation and retinal cell differentiation. Our published and\npreliminary data provide further evidence that a regulatory relationship exists and is required in\nthe developing eye in vivo, such that the early ocular vasculature must be present for normal\nretinal neurogenesis, and this requirement is not strictly metabolic. We now propose to discover\nthe specific role of vascular endothelial cells in the control of retinal neurogenesis.\n Our objective in this application is to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms\nunderlying retinal abnormalities in embryonic zebrafish models for vascular dysgenesis. The\nembryonic zebrafish is ideal for these studies because the tissues are not yet dependent upon\ncirculating hemoglobin for oxygenation, thus allowing innovative experimental manipulations of\nthe vasculature that uncover non-metabolic, developmental roles for the vasculature. We\npropose to test the hypothesis that factors derived from the endothelial cells of the early ocular\nvasculature are necessary for normal retinal neurogenesis, by pursuit of two Specific Aims. 1.\nDefine the roles of circulating vs. local endothelial cell-derived factors in regulating retinal\nneurogenesis and gliogenesis. 2. Identify regulatory targets of endothelial-derived factors.\n This project will lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying endothelial-\nderived and circulation-derived factors and understanding their roles in retinal stem cell niches\nin embryonic eyes, regions of persistent neurogenesis, during retinal regeneration, and in\nvascular pathologies of the retina.
127 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of transgenic mosquitoes in an integrated malaria control strategy will require mosquitoes that completely block parasite development, yet remain competitive with wild mosquito populations. Manipulation of key signaling cascades regulating both immunity and fitness represents a novel approach to achieving this goal. In mosquitoes and other model invertebrates, the midgut functions as a center for insulin/insulin growth factor signaling (IIS), which controls immunity, lifespan, metabolism, and reproduction. The effects of midgut IIS are largely mediated through mitochondrial dynamics and activity, defined as mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, and clearance of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. In invertebrates and mammals, IIS- dependent mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial metabolism regulate a wide range of important physiologies, including epithelial barrier integrity, stem cell maintenance and differentiation, lifespan and immunity, indicating tha this regulation is fundamental in living organisms. Through our work with Anopheles stephensi, we discovered that manipulation of IIS in the midgut alters the critical balance of mitochondrial dynamics and activity, resulting in phenotypic changes in mosquito resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection as well as to mosquito lifespan and reproduction. Thus, we propose that IIS-dependent mitochondrial dynamics and activity control "midgut health" in A. stephensi, which underlies the effects of IIS on immunity, lifespan, metabolism, and reproduction. To define how IIS-dependent mitochondrial function regulates these important phenotypes, we will use five distinct treatments - Akt overexpression (increased IIS), PTEN overexpression (decreased IIS), provisioning with human insulin or IGF1, and manipulation of endogenous A. stephensi insulin-like peptides (AsILPs) - to "push and pull" mitochondrial dynamics and activity in the midgut. Specifically, we will define how midgut IIS-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitophagy regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation, epithelial integrity, and cell death processes to control fitness and Plasmodium resistance. From these studies, we will identify and manipulate specific gene targets that directly regulate mitochondrial function to retain parasite resistance while concurrently enhancing mosquito fitness. We will overexpress four of these candidate genes based on our observations and published studies and two candidate genes identified from Aims 1 and 2 in the midgut singly or in pairs. Our goal for this project is to generate highly fit, P. falciparum resistant A. stephensi\nthat can be deployed for malaria control. In the longer term, this transgenic platform could also be additive with other gene drivers and "customized" with anti-parasite effectors for sustainable resistance management.
128 Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
129 Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
130 Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
131 Viral vaccines have had remarkable and long-lasting impacts on human health, resulting in the world wide eradication of smallpox, the elimination of polio within much of the developed world, and the effective control of many other diseases. Although great strides have been made in the development and production of vaccines since Edward Jenner's first vaccinations with cowpox in the early 1800's, little has changed in the way vaccines are delivered. Even today, virtually every vaccine must be given directly to the patient. Recent advances in molecular biology suggest that the centuries-old method of individual-based vaccine delivery could be on the cusp of a major revolution. Specifically, genetic engineering brings to life the possibility of a "transmissible vaccine." Rather than directly vaccinating every individual within a population, a transmissible vaccine would allow large swaths of the population to be vaccinated effortlessly by releasing an infectious agent that is genetically engineered to be benign yet infectious. In fact, some existing vaccines are transmissible to a limited extent, and transmissible vaccines have already been developed and deployed in wild animal populations. Remarkably enough, however, no theory exists to guide the safe and effective use of this revolutionary new type of vaccine. We will develop a mathematical framework for understanding the ecology and evolution of transmissible vaccines, and test the emerging mathematical results using an experimental viral system. Epidemiological efficacy will be assessed by calculating the gains in disease protection conferred by a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. Evolutionary robustness will be explored using models that predict the rate at which a genetically engineered vaccine will lose its efficacy or increase its virulence. In both cases, models will be analyzed using a combination of direct and asymptotic solutions, approximations, numerical solutions, and individual-based simulations. Key mathematical results will be tested experimentally using interactions between bacteria and viruses that infect them.
132 Each year, millions of people are harmed or killed by pathogens that spill over from wild or\ndomestic animal reservoirs. A new approach to reducing the threat of spillover is to eliminate\nthe pathogen from its animal reservoir using transmissible vaccines that move from animal to\nanimal providing immunity to the pathogen as they go. Transmissible vaccines reduce the\nvaccination effort required for pathogen control within animal reservoirs and allow the vaccine\nto penetrate remote reservoir habitats where direct vaccination is impossible. Bringing this\nrevolutionary idea to fruition requires that we engineer vaccines that simultaneously: 1)\ntransmit efficiently from animal to animal, 2) stimulate a robust immune response to the target\npathogen, and 3) maintain their integrity in the face of evolutionary pressures. This project will\ndevelop mathematical models that predict how these traits of the vaccine emerge from the\ninterplay between vaccine replication and the animal’s immune response. These models will be\nparameterized and validated using laboratory studies of prototype transmissible vaccines that\nuse murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as a vector backbone. We focus on MCMV as a vector\nbecause it is highly species specific, capable of superinfection, and provides a model for vaccine\ndevelopment across murine rodents that serve as important reservoirs for a wide range of\nhuman pathogens. The models will be validated using experiments with immune depleted mice\nthat challenge their ability to explain both pattern and process. Work on this project capitalizes\non an existing collaboration between experts in mathematical modeling, viral evolution, and\nmurine cytomegalovirus.
133 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms of PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles, macromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-synuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves preclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD. Recently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary investigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in HeLa cells. To overcome these limitations we have performed an unbiased screen using mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing (RNA seq) to identify key protein interactors and pathways in a widely-used cellular model of PD. We have discovered that VPS35 protein interactors show a high enrichment for RNA- binding proteins including several known or suspected to be causal for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, the D620N mutation resulted in a dramatic decrease in RNA-binding protein interaction. From our screen, Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) and Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) have emerged as lead candidates for mediating VPS35 D620N autophagy dysfunction. Based upon RNA-binding protein interaction, we examined the transcriptome of VPS35 WT and D620N cells and found changes indicative of alterations in RNA metabolism and autophagy. We hypothesize that VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy and causes cell death by regulating RNA metabolism through RNA-binding protein activity. We propose testing our hypothesis by determining if autophagy dysfunction and neurodegeneration by VPS35 D620N is caused by altered RNA-binding protein activity and establish that VPS35 D620N causes transcriptome changes that facilitate autophagy dysfunction.
134 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Retinal degenerative diseases and retinal trauma in humans cause progressive loss of retinal neurons and result in decreased visual function, in part because the mammalian retina does not intrinsically respond to the loss of neurons through the generation of replacement neurons. The NEI recently declared its Audacious Goal, to "regenerate neurons and neural connections in the eye and visual system." This goal may be accomplished by developing strategies for activating endogenous retinal cells to manifest regenerative properties, and/or by transplanting replacement retinal neurons or their progenitors from exogenous sources. Challenges to achieving this Audacious Goal include identification of mechanisms for the activation of endogenous cells in mammals, establishment of retinal progenitors such that the missing neurons are replaced in correct numbers and ratios, and importantly for the present R21 application, integration of new neurons into retinal circuitry through the establishment of appropriate synaptic connections. The zebrafish has emerged as a critical model system for gaining knowledge of the retinal regenerative process - knowledge required for applying regenerative strategies to the mammalian retina. Our prior studies indicated that the regenerated retina of the zebrafish functionally supports basic reflexes and place preference behaviors, despite disorganization of the regenerated retinal laminae and failure of regenerated retina to re-establish normal two- dimensional patterns of retinal neurons within each lamina. These studies suggest that regenerating retinal neurons may "re-wire" themselves accurately even in the disrupted environment of the damaged and regenerating retina. Ultimately it will be important to understand the mechanisms through which re-wiring of retinal circuitry takes place. However, before we pursue any mechanisms it is necessary to generate a more complete picture of the re-wiring process during regeneration and the extent of successful recapitulation of native synaptic connections. In this R21 application we therefore propose a detailed study of the synaptic connections in undamaged, regenerating, and regenerated retinas of the zebrafish. We will focus on connectomes of retinal bipolar cells, thus permitting the analysis of inner and outer retinal circuitry, through the innovative use of several\ngenetic and molecular tools available for the visualization of this retinal cell type and its synapses. Two hypotheses will be tested: 1) that retinal bipolar cell connectomes of regenerated retina recapitulate those of undamaged adult retina; and 2) that neurite reorganization is associated with accurate re- wiring during retinal regeneration.
135 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Retinal degenerative diseases and retinal trauma in humans cause progressive loss of retinal neurons and result in decreased visual function, in part because the mammalian retina does not intrinsically respond to the loss of neurons through the generation of replacement neurons. The NEI recently declared its Audacious Goal, to "regenerate neurons and neural connections in the eye and visual system." This goal may be accomplished by developing strategies for activating endogenous retinal cells to manifest regenerative properties, and/or by transplanting replacement retinal neurons or their progenitors from exogenous sources. Challenges to achieving this Audacious Goal include identification of mechanisms for the activation of endogenous cells in mammals, establishment of retinal progenitors such that the missing neurons are replaced in correct numbers and ratios, and importantly for the present R21 application, integration of new neurons into retinal circuitry through the establishment of appropriate synaptic connections. The zebrafish has emerged as a critical model system for gaining knowledge of the retinal regenerative process - knowledge required for applying regenerative strategies to the mammalian retina. Our prior studies indicated that the regenerated retina of the zebrafish functionally supports basic reflexes and place preference behaviors, despite disorganization of the regenerated retinal laminae and failure of regenerated retina to re-establish normal two- dimensional patterns of retinal neurons within each lamina. These studies suggest that regenerating retinal neurons may "re-wire" themselves accurately even in the disrupted environment of the damaged and regenerating retina. Ultimately it will be important to understand the mechanisms through which re-wiring of retinal circuitry takes place. However, before we pursue any mechanisms it is necessary to generate a more complete picture of the re-wiring process during regeneration and the extent of successful recapitulation of native synaptic connections. In this R21 application we therefore propose a detailed study of the synaptic connections in undamaged, regenerating, and regenerated retinas of the zebrafish. We will focus on connectomes of retinal bipolar cells, thus permitting the analysis of inner and outer retinal circuitry, through the innovative use of several\r\ngenetic and molecular tools available for the visualization of this retinal cell type and its synapses. Two hypotheses will be tested: 1) that retinal bipolar cell connectomes of regenerated retina recapitulate those of undamaged adult retina; and 2) that neurite reorganization is associated with accurate re- wiring during retinal regeneration. \r\n \r\n
136 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms pose special challenges to treating bacterial infections and therefore therapeutic strategies that combat bacterial virulence without aggravating drug resistance are in great demand. Gram-negative bacteria use acyl- homoserine lactone mediated quorum sensing to regulate key physiological activities that includes virulence, biofilm formation and toxin production. Bacterial\r\nAHL synthases use acyl- ACP and S-adenosyl-L- methionine to make intracellular AHL autoinducer signals. Although small molecule inhibitors for AHL synthase enzymes hold significant promise as antimicrobials in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections, designig AHL synthase specific inhibitors does remain a significant challenge because both acyl-ACP and SAM are used as substrates by many essential eukaryotic enzymes. To ensure efficient interbacterial communication, signal-synthesizing enzymes such as AHL synthases must precisely make the native signal for that bacterium and avoid synthesizing nonspecific signals (signal fidelity). In this proposal, we will investigate how AHL synthase enzymes selectively recognize their native acyl-substrate from a pool of non-native substrates to enforce signal fidelity in bacterial quorum sensing. In particular, we will determine the extent to which each enzymatic step in AHL synthesis contributes to signal fidelity. Based on our preliminary data with Burkholderia mallei BmaI1 AHL synthase, we hypothesize that acyl-substrate recognition predominantly occurs at [Enzyme.acyl-substrate.SAM] ternary complex. We will test this hypothesis for a broad array of AHL synthase enzymes. The three aims proposed in this application should collectively provide key insights into molecular basis of acyl-ACP substrate recognition by short, medium and long-chain synthases, which will inform the design of AHL synthase specific inhibitors. \r\n \r\n
137 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the investigation of the mechanisms behind gene regulation and its impact on diseases, two lines of research have been largely separately carried out in recent years. On the one hand, gene regulatory networks and protein interaction networks have been under extensive study, especially in systems biology, where genetic variation is usually ignored. On the other hand, mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variants have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is therefore of immense interest to understand how genetic variation influences disease through gene regulatory networks. To construct these networks, at least three key pieces of information are important: gene expression, transcription factor binding, and genotypes (especially at expression quantitative trait loci; that is, eQTLs). In particular, the later two enable causal inference in the network construction, although how to use them in a probabilistic and rigorous way has not been systematically explored. With my extensive experience in Bayesian statistics, I aim to develop statistical models and efficient computational strategies, drawing on recent advances in graphical models and causal inference, to construct causal regulatory networks involving genetic variation and TF binding. I will use breast cancer as a disease model and apply the proposed methodologies to different subtypes. Topological features of the inferred regulatory networks may suggest potentially different mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes. With the proposed research, I will not only develop general analysis methodologies to integrate various types of high-throughput genomics data and provide open-source software, but also establish their relevance to disease studies. With solid training in theoretical and applied statistics, as well as extensive experience collaborating with experimental biologists and working with a variety of biological data, I aim to make the transition\nfrom a statistician to a computational biologist and to become an independent investigator. I aspire to be not only an expert in developing sophisticated and rigorous statistical models and supplementing these models with efficient algorithms, but also a scientist capable of generating and testing my own hypotheses, either by myself or in collaboration with experimental biologists. The proposed K99/R00 award, involving one year of the mentored phase and three years of the independent phase, would greatly facilitate this transition, providing the unique opportunity for me to gain not only experience in genomic research in human, but also skills and experience in the wet lab, such that I can conduct some experiments on my own and eventually run an independent lab that focuses on computational research but also allows for experimental exploration.
138 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the investigation of the mechanisms behind gene regulation and its impact on diseases, two lines of research have been largely separately carried out in recent years. On the one hand, gene regulatory networks and protein interaction networks have been under extensive study, especially in systems biology, where genetic variation is usually ignored. On the other hand, mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variants have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is therefore of immense interest to understand how genetic variation influences disease through gene regulatory networks. To construct these networks, at least three key pieces of information are important: gene expression, transcription factor binding, and genotypes (especially at expression quantitative trait loci; that is, eQTLs). In particular, the later two enable causal inference in the network construction, although how to use them in a probabilistic and rigorous way has not been systematically explored. With my extensive experience in Bayesian statistics, I aim to develop statistical models and efficient computational strategies, drawing on recent advances in graphical models and causal inference, to construct causal regulatory networks involving genetic variation and TF binding. I will use breast cancer as a disease model and apply the proposed methodologies to different subtypes. Topological features of the inferred regulatory networks may suggest potentially different mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes. With the proposed research, I will not only develop general analysis methodologies to integrate various types of high-throughput genomics data and provide open-source software, but also establish their relevance to disease studies. With solid training in theoretical and applied statistics, as well as extensive experience collaborating with experimental biologists and working with a variety of biological data, I aim to make the transition\nfrom a statistician to a computational biologist and to become an independent investigator. I aspire to be not only an expert in developing sophisticated and rigorous statistical models and supplementing these models with efficient algorithms, but also a scientist capable of generating and testing my own hypotheses, either by myself or in collaboration with experimental biologists. The proposed K99/R00 award, involving one year of the mentored phase and three years of the independent phase, would greatly facilitate this transition, providing the unique opportunity for me to gain not only experience in genomic research in human, but also skills and experience in the wet lab, such that I can conduct some experiments on my own and eventually run an independent lab that focuses on computational research but also allows for experimental exploration.
139 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the investigation of the mechanisms behind gene regulation and its impact on diseases, two lines of research have been largely separately carried out in recent years. On the one hand, gene regulatory networks and protein interaction networks have been under extensive study, especially in systems biology, where genetic variation is usually ignored. On the other hand, mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variants have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is therefore of immense interest to understand how genetic variation influences disease through gene regulatory networks. To construct these networks, at least three key pieces of information are important: gene expression, transcription factor binding, and genotypes (especially at expression quantitative trait loci; that is, eQTLs). In particular, the later two enable causal inference in the network construction, although how to use them in a probabilistic and rigorous way has not been systematically explored. With my extensive experience in Bayesian statistics, I aim to develop statistical models and efficient computational strategies, drawing on recent advances in graphical models and causal inference, to construct causal regulatory networks involving genetic variation and TF binding. I will use breast cancer as a disease model and apply the proposed methodologies to different subtypes. Topological features of the inferred regulatory networks may suggest potentially different mechanisms in breast cancer subtypes. With the proposed research, I will not only develop general analysis methodologies to integrate various types of high-throughput genomics data and provide open-source software, but also establish their relevance to disease studies. With solid training in theoretical and applied statistics, as well as extensive experience collaborating with experimental biologists and working with a variety of biological data, I aim to make the transition\nfrom a statistician to a computational biologist and to become an independent investigator. I aspire to be not only an expert in developing sophisticated and rigorous statistical models and supplementing these models with efficient algorithms, but also a scientist capable of generating and testing my own hypotheses, either by myself or in collaboration with experimental biologists. The proposed K99/R00 award, involving one year of the mentored phase and three years of the independent phase, would greatly facilitate this transition, providing the unique opportunity for me to gain not only experience in genomic research in human, but also skills and experience in the wet lab, such that I can conduct some experiments on my own and eventually run an independent lab that focuses on computational research but also allows for experimental exploration.
140 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications and safety procedures Abstract / Summary: Logging is among the most dangerous professions in the United States. This project includes new, innovative basic and applied research evaluating the utilization of digital geofences, coupled with new, low-cost, multi transmitter, integrated Global Positioning System-Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) radio communications systems to define and monitor safe working zones for heavy equipment and ground workers in active logging operations. This is a novel research field pioneered by the Principal Investigators at the University of Idaho. The research has substantial, documented interest and support among logging contractors, forest industry, and heavy equipment producers throughout the western United States (see letters of support). $824,046 is requested, and with those funds we propose to a conduct a series of high quality, replicated field experiments stemming from our experience with pilot studies evaluating GPS- VHF for logging safety applications on active timber sales. The field experiments and evaluation of real-time processing methods will characterize the accuracy, acceptable uses, and limitations of GPS-VHF for logging safety in remote forest environments. Additionally, we will develop a new, expensive, ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) to improve the accuracy of GPS-VHF logging safety systems used in remote environments to <2 m. Two master's students and one Ph.D. student will be trained as part of this initiative. The new safety applications we will evaluate will be based on the results of key informant interviews and a survey conducted with logging contractors. A social science research associate will participate in the field studies and analysis, and will take the lead on the social science data collection and analysis to understand stakeholders' perceptions of safety hazards and safety improvement priorities for logging operations. Educational materials will be developed by University of Idaho Extension Forestry, and will be presented to logging contractors and other stakeholders as part of the Idaho Logger Education to Advance Professionalism (LEAP) logger certification program and through a series of workshops on the UI Experimental Forest. This proposal addresses three NIOSH cross-sector areas: Traumatic Injury, Prevention Through Design, Engineering Controls, and Personal Protective Technology. \r\n \r\n
141 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications and safety procedures Abstract / Summary: Logging is among the most dangerous professions in the United States. This project includes new, innovative basic and applied research evaluating the utilization of digital geofences, coupled with new, low-cost, multi transmitter, integrated Global Positioning System-Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) radio communications systems to define and monitor safe working zones for heavy equipment and ground workers in active logging operations. This is a novel research field pioneered by the Principal Investigators at the University of Idaho. The research has substantial, documented interest and support among logging contractors, forest industry, and heavy equipment producers throughout the western United States (see letters of support). $824,046 is requested, and with those funds we propose to a conduct a series of high quality, replicated field experiments stemming from our experience with pilot studies evaluating GPS- VHF for logging safety applications on active timber sales. The field experiments and evaluation of real-time processing methods will characterize the accuracy, acceptable uses, and limitations of GPS-VHF for logging safety in remote forest environments. Additionally, we will develop a new, expensive, ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) to improve the accuracy of GPS-VHF logging safety systems used in remote environments to <2 m. Two master's students and one Ph.D. student will be trained as part of this initiative. The new safety applications we will evaluate will be based on the results of key informant interviews and a survey conducted with logging contractors. A social science research associate will participate in the field studies and analysis, and will take the lead on the social science data collection and analysis to understand stakeholders' perceptions of safety hazards and safety improvement priorities for logging operations. Educational materials will be developed by University of Idaho Extension Forestry, and will be presented to logging contractors and other stakeholders as part of the Idaho Logger Education to Advance Professionalism (LEAP) logger certification program and through a series of workshops on the UI Experimental Forest. This proposal addresses three NIOSH cross-sector areas: Traumatic Injury, Prevention Through Design, Engineering Controls, and Personal Protective Technology. \r\n \r\n
142 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications and safety procedures Abstract / Summary: Logging is among the most dangerous professions in the United States. This project includes new, innovative basic and applied research evaluating the utilization of digital geofences, coupled with new, low-cost, multi transmitter, integrated Global Positioning System-Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) radio communications systems to define and monitor safe working zones for heavy equipment and ground workers in active logging operations. This is a novel research field pioneered by the Principal Investigators at the University of Idaho. The research has substantial, documented interest and support among logging contractors, forest industry, and heavy equipment producers throughout the western United States (see letters of support). $824,046 is requested, and with those funds we propose to a conduct a series of high quality, replicated field experiments stemming from our experience with pilot studies evaluating GPS- VHF for logging safety applications on active timber sales. The field experiments and evaluation of real-time processing methods will characterize the accuracy, acceptable uses, and limitations of GPS-VHF for logging safety in remote forest environments. Additionally, we will develop a new, expensive, ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) to improve the accuracy of GPS-VHF logging safety systems used in remote environments to <2 m. Two master's students and one Ph.D. student will be trained as part of this initiative. The new safety applications we will evaluate will be based on the results of key informant interviews and a survey conducted with logging contractors. A social science research associate will participate in the field studies and analysis, and will take the lead on the social science data collection and analysis to understand stakeholders' perceptions of safety hazards and safety improvement priorities for logging operations. Educational materials will be developed by University of Idaho Extension Forestry, and will be presented to logging contractors and other stakeholders as part of the Idaho Logger Education to Advance Professionalism (LEAP) logger certification program and through a series of workshops on the UI Experimental Forest. This proposal addresses three NIOSH cross-sector areas: Traumatic Injury, Prevention Through Design, Engineering Controls, and Personal Protective Technology. \r\n \r\n
143 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho. \r\n \r\n
144 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
145 Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
146 Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
147 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho. \r\n \r\n
148 Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females. Early detection of breast tumors is critical to\nincreasing the survival of women diagnosed with this disease. Accurate computer-aided detection of breast\ntumors could improve early detection but requires segmentation, a process that provides the precise tumor\nlocation, size, boundary, and shape. Existing breast tumor segmentation approaches are sensitive to small\nchanges in image quality (e.g., intensity, contrast, noise, artifacts), limiting their application in early detection of\nbreast cancer. The goal of the proposed project is to overcome current limitations by building tumor\nsegmentation methodologies that are robust to variations of image quality. We will use breast ultrasound\nimages due to the noninvasive, painless, nonradioactive, and cost-effective nature of the imaging procedure.\nWe propose the following specific aims to achieve this goal. (1) Model human breast anatomy. In clinical\nexamination, the knowledge of breast anatomy helps radiologists distinguish between breast tissues. In this\naim, we will develop a graphical model to represent the spatial relationship of different breast layers and to\nhelp distinguish tumor regions from normal regions. We will develop a new mathematical tool called tissue\nconnectedness for modeling breast anatomy in ultrasound images. Tissue connectedness allows for the\nidentification of different breast tissues and helps distinguish a breast tumor from normal tumor-like regions\n(e.g., artifacts, fat). (2) Model the visual saliency of breast tumors. Visual saliency is a property that makes an\nobject in images stand out from neighboring objects. We will overcome the invalid assumption made in\nprevious approaches that there is at least one tumor in the image by developing a robust model for estimating\nvisual saliency of breast tumors. With the help of this model, we will detect all possible tumor regions that\nwould attract a radiologist’s attention, with no output of salient regions when no tumor exists in an image. (3)\nDevelop a domain-enriched deep learning framework for tumor segmentation. A deep learning-based\nframework will be developed to integrate the output of models from Aims 1 and 2 and will lead to an overall\nmodel that segments breast tumors. We will train and test the approach using 1800 breast ultrasound images\nfrom four medical schools collected using five different ultrasound devices. Seven quantitative metrics will be\napplied to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Discrepancies between\ncomputational and manual tumor segmentation will be used to refine the models. Success of the proposed\nproject will enhance methodologies for robust and reproducible breast ultrasound image segmentation and\nbroaden the use of computer-aided diagnosis for early detection of breast cancer.
149 Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
150 The association between human microbiomes and health has garnered a great deal of scientific and popular\nattention. By allowing rapid and inexpensive characterization of microbial community composition, modern\nsequencing has uncovered enormous microbial diversity. Determining the presence versus absence of microbes\nis insufficient however; we need to understand how dysfunctional microbiomes form and how to repair them. A\ncritical step toward the goal of promoting the assembly of microbial communities that support health is to predict\ntheir temporal dynamics. There remains, however, a critical gap: untangling causation from correlation. Simply\nstated, we are currently unable to interpret the biological and clinical relevance buried within the extreme\ncomplexity of microbial communities. Our long-term goal is to advance microbiome research by a) developing\nnew models that capture causality in microbial interactions; and b) developing tools to interpret the relevance of\nmicrobial interactions for human health. Before the development of data analysis pipelines, we need to establish\ntheoretical underpinnings upon which to base the methods. We have three aims focused on developing such\ntheory. (1) Develop molecule-mediated models of microbial interactions. Existing statistical approaches for\nmodeling the temporal dynamics of microbiomes are built on assumptions that are rarely valid for microbial\ncommunities and thus can be profoundly misleading. Misspecified models may mislead researchers toward poor\nprediction of dynamics, or worse, prescription of a misguided treatment that enhances rather than inhibits a\nmicrobial species of interest—a major problem if the species of interest is a pathogen. We will assess the\npredictive power of statistical time-series models given realistic molecule-mediated interactions in synthetic data\nand develop new statistical methods that account for time-varying interactions. (2) Predict stability of a\nmicrobiome. Even when interactions that govern microbial population dynamics are well estimated, these\ninteractions may not be directly relevant to human health. Rather, we may want to predict higher-level properties\nof a microbiome such as its resilience. Resilience—the ability of a microbiome to maintain and recover function\nin the face of perturbations such as by antibiotics or opportunistic pathogens—is related to the mathematical\nconcept of stability. We will develop new measures to capture the resilience of the microbiome. (3) Predict other\nhigh-level microbiome properties. Often a property of the microbiome in its entirety is of interest, such as the\nability to regulate pH or metabolize a toxin. Borrowing from population genetic theory, we will develop novel\nmathematical models to predict the temporal dynamics of traits associated with the microbiome. Together, these\naims will greatly enhance our understanding and interpretation of the temporal dynamics of microbial\ncommunities, and lay the foundation for our capacity to influence their trajectories toward desired outcomes.\nThis research will provide a critical step in enhancing our ability to assess risk, design synthetic microbial\ncommunities to perform tasks, and manipulate microbiomes to promote health.
151 Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
152 Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
153 Complex diseases often involve changes in DNA sequence, transcription, and epigenetic processes such as\nmethylation. These changes lead to a wide range of symptoms or multiple subtypes of the same disease. In\norder to develop more effective treatments for different disease subtypes, we need to better understand the\ngenes and processes (i.e., transcription and methylation) that drive these differences. Unfortunately,\nidentification of genes and processes that underlie a disease is often compromised by inference based on\ncorrelation, not causation. Our long-term goal is to develop computational methods to infer gene regulatory\nnetworks that are causal for multiple clinical phenotypes using genomic and clinical data of complex diseases.\nIn this project, we will develop and test new statistical approaches to identify regulatory networks involving both\ntranscription and methylation that are potentially causal for disease subtypes. Our strategy is to use the\nprinciple of Mendelian randomization. This assumes that the alleles of a genetic variant are randomly assigned\nto individuals in a population, analogous to a natural perturbation experiment. Whereas most existing methods\nfor studying interactions among genes look at correlation (or association), this principle allows us to separate\ncorrelation due to causation from correlation not due to causation. We will develop our approaches via three\nspecific aims and will use breast cancer as the disease model: (1) Develop a causal network model using\ngenotypes, expression and methylation of single genes. (2) Develop a causal network model to identify\nindividual genes whose transcription or methylation is causal for multiple clinical phenotypes. (3) Develop a\ncausal network model to identify combinations of genes whose transcription or methylation are causal for\nmultiple clinical phenotypes. The models and algorithms developed in this proposal will allow us to make\ncausal statements about the two processes at multiple genes and account for confounding variables, neither of\nwhich has been examined before in similar studies. These models will identify key genes for specific breast\ncancer subtypes and the roles for transcription and methylation when many genes are involved, leading to\nbetter diagnoses and development of novel drug targets.
154 Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
155 Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females. Early detection of breast tumors is critical to\nincreasing the survival of women diagnosed with this disease. Accurate computer-aided detection of breast\ntumors could improve early detection but requires segmentation, a process that provides the precise tumor\nlocation, size, boundary, and shape. Existing breast tumor segmentation approaches are sensitive to small\nchanges in image quality (e.g., intensity, contrast, noise, artifacts), limiting their application in early detection of\nbreast cancer. The goal of the proposed project is to overcome current limitations by building tumor\nsegmentation methodologies that are robust to variations of image quality. We will use breast ultrasound\nimages due to the noninvasive, painless, nonradioactive, and cost-effective nature of the imaging procedure.\nWe propose the following specific aims to achieve this goal. (1) Model human breast anatomy. In clinical\nexamination, the knowledge of breast anatomy helps radiologists distinguish between breast tissues. In this\naim, we will develop a graphical model to represent the spatial relationship of different breast layers and to\nhelp distinguish tumor regions from normal regions. We will develop a new mathematical tool called tissue\nconnectedness for modeling breast anatomy in ultrasound images. Tissue connectedness allows for the\nidentification of different breast tissues and helps distinguish a breast tumor from normal tumor-like regions\n(e.g., artifacts, fat). (2) Model the visual saliency of breast tumors. Visual saliency is a property that makes an\nobject in images stand out from neighboring objects. We will overcome the invalid assumption made in\nprevious approaches that there is at least one tumor in the image by developing a robust model for estimating\nvisual saliency of breast tumors. With the help of this model, we will detect all possible tumor regions that\nwould attract a radiologist’s attention, with no output of salient regions when no tumor exists in an image. (3)\nDevelop a domain-enriched deep learning framework for tumor segmentation. A deep learning-based\nframework will be developed to integrate the output of models from Aims 1 and 2 and will lead to an overall\nmodel that segments breast tumors. We will train and test the approach using 1800 breast ultrasound images\nfrom four medical schools collected using five different ultrasound devices. Seven quantitative metrics will be\napplied to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Discrepancies between\ncomputational and manual tumor segmentation will be used to refine the models. Success of the proposed\nproject will enhance methodologies for robust and reproducible breast ultrasound image segmentation and\nbroaden the use of computer-aided diagnosis for early detection of breast cancer.
156 Complex diseases often involve changes in DNA sequence, transcription, and epigenetic processes such as\nmethylation. These changes lead to a wide range of symptoms or multiple subtypes of the same disease. In\norder to develop more effective treatments for different disease subtypes, we need to better understand the\ngenes and processes (i.e., transcription and methylation) that drive these differences. Unfortunately,\nidentification of genes and processes that underlie a disease is often compromised by inference based on\ncorrelation, not causation. Our long-term goal is to develop computational methods to infer gene regulatory\nnetworks that are causal for multiple clinical phenotypes using genomic and clinical data of complex diseases.\nIn this project, we will develop and test new statistical approaches to identify regulatory networks involving both\ntranscription and methylation that are potentially causal for disease subtypes. Our strategy is to use the\nprinciple of Mendelian randomization. This assumes that the alleles of a genetic variant are randomly assigned\nto individuals in a population, analogous to a natural perturbation experiment. Whereas most existing methods\nfor studying interactions among genes look at correlation (or association), this principle allows us to separate\ncorrelation due to causation from correlation not due to causation. We will develop our approaches via three\nspecific aims and will use breast cancer as the disease model: (1) Develop a causal network model using\ngenotypes, expression and methylation of single genes. (2) Develop a causal network model to identify\nindividual genes whose transcription or methylation is causal for multiple clinical phenotypes. (3) Develop a\ncausal network model to identify combinations of genes whose transcription or methylation are causal for\nmultiple clinical phenotypes. The models and algorithms developed in this proposal will allow us to make\ncausal statements about the two processes at multiple genes and account for confounding variables, neither of\nwhich has been examined before in similar studies. These models will identify key genes for specific breast\ncancer subtypes and the roles for transcription and methylation when many genes are involved, leading to\nbetter diagnoses and development of novel drug targets.
157 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho. \r\n \r\n
158 Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
159 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho. \r\n \r\n
160 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biomedical problems are innately complex, and real solutions will require input from many fields. Such input is most effective if it is integrated int an interdisciplinary framework, with a convergence of approaches that truly merges expertise into a more seamless form of collaboration. The foundation of a convergence in interdisciplinary research is a strong modeling framework because modeling is the language that can cross disciplines and levels of biological organization. The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions will create the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to foster convergence in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The Specific Aims are: (1) Conduct model-based, interdisciplinary research that leads faculty to transition to independence. The three initial projects will focus on viral co-infection. Co-infection is common in nature and yet understudied in the laboratory. Co-infecting viruses can interact directly or indirectly, and may have nonlinear\r\neffects on viral expression and on host outcomes. Project 1 examines disease severity during co- infection in a mouse model system. Project 2 establishes an invertebrate system to examine co-infection at multiple levels of biological organization. Project 3 uses agent-based modeling to examine transmission dynamics at the population level. (2) Establish a collaborative and synergistic Modeling Core to impel interdisciplinary research and to build institutional research capacity. Mathematical modeling is central to interdisciplinary research because it plays a role in\r\nevery phase of the research, from hypothesis formulation to experimental design, from data analysis to interpretation. Most importantly, it can reveal connections between data from seemingly unrelated areas and across all levels of biological organization, opening new areas of scientific inquiry. Our Modeling Core is a service core that accepts research projects and delivers models, modeling strategies, and connections between projects. (3) Expand participation in interdisciplinary biomedical research. This will be achieved by redirecting vacant\r\nand new faculty positions, providing pilot grants to engage current faculty, and outreach to the regional medical community. The plan for long-term sustainability is to first gain credibility withn the university and greater scientific community; next, build research capacity by attracting a diverse group of current and incoming faculty to engage in research in the Center; and, finally, to establish the Center as a research 'entity' within the structure of the University of Idaho. \r\n \r\n
161 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
162 Modeling efforts for COVID-19 within the US have focused primarily on helping urban centers cope with the\nconsequent health care crisis. The impact of the pandemic on rural communities is still emerging, and these\nareas have not received the same degree of modeling attention. At the same time, rural communities are\ndifferent from urban centers in ways that affect the disease and its dynamics: they have lower densities, are\nmore isolated, have smaller social networks, tend to be poorer and older, and have scant health care\ninfrastructure. Rural communities are also the primary source of food production and natural resource\nextraction in this country. As the pandemic unfolds across the coming months, rural communities will be faced\nwith highly variable circumstances: some will have no infections and be focused on early detection; some will\nhave active cases and be attempting to stop their spread; some will have eliminated active cases and be\nattempting to reopen economic and community activities while guarding against resurgence. Treating all\ncommunities as the same would be foolish. At the local level, decision makers need tools tailored to real\ncommunities: tools that emulate the way people come and go and interact there, tools to consider the most\nrelevant interventions, and tools that account for real variation in how able and willing people will be to comply\nwith possible interventions. At the larger health-district and state level, officials need forecasts of how local\ndecisions, health care infrastructure, and the virus itself will interact to drive the epidemic. The purpose of the\ncurrent proposal is to provide these tools by building a model of COVID-19 for largely rural states that links the\ndynamics within communities together into a statewide network. This will be achieved in three specific aims. In\nAim 1, we develop a predictive epidemiological model of COVID-19 spread and intensity for rural states. This\nwill be done with a spatial, age-structured metapopulation model that relies on differential equations and their\nstochastic extensions. In Aim 2, we evaluate how potential interventions in individual communities affect\noutbreak risk, transmission, access to health care, and intervention efficacy and adoption. Here we combine\nsurveys—of both rural and urban communities in Idaho and several broader regions of the US—to estimate\npatterns of compliance and the motivations behind them. Using these results, we will then use agent-based\nmodels of synthetic communities to simulate interventions. Net effects will be relayed up to the statewide\nmodel. In Aim 3, we provide support for decision making to state public health officials and local policy makers\nin rural communities. This will be done by developing two online graphical interfaces for visualizing forecasts\nand exploring interventions—one high-level application for non-specialists and a second, more sophisticated\nversion, for public health professionals. Education, empowerment, and appreciation of uncertainty will be\nemphasized. Finally, the models and tools we develop here will be implemented in Idaho, but will be designed\nfor easy export to states with significant rural populations.
163 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
164 Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
165 The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
166 Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
167 Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
168 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
169 Biomedical problems are innately complex, and their solutions require input from many fields. Many centers\nfocus on a single disease or organ system. By contrast, the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses\non an approach that can address many biomedical problems: team-based, interdisciplinary research centered\naround modeling. Our goal is to support and facilitate biomedical discovery by integrating modeling into\ninterdisciplinary research. Modeling improves research at all stages—hypothesis formulation, experimental\ndesign, analysis, and interpretation. It provides a unifying language by which exchange of ideas can highlight\ncommonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. Formalization of ideas into this\nunifying language also improves rigor and reproducibility. We define modeling broadly to include everything\nfrom deterministic and stochastic mathematical approaches, to physical and computational models of three-\ndimensional objects, to agent-based and machine learning approaches where exact solutions are not possible.\nWe seek to support modelers by increasing their numbers, and by giving them opportunities to play on\ninterdisciplinary teams. We seek to support empiricists by giving them access to relevant modeling expertise,\nand by creating a community and a culture to facilitate interdisciplinary research. In Phase I, the Center for\nModeling Complex Interactions created the intellectual, cultural, and physical environment to promote team-\nbased, interdisciplinary research. In Phase II, we will build on that foundation by maintaining a strong\ninterdisciplinary culture to foster collaboration among people who might otherwise never connect, and by\nadding additional faculty to expand our modeling expertise. We have four Aims: 1) Support faculty to carry out\nmodel-based, interdisciplinary biomedical research and increase their competitiveness for external funding.\nResearch in the Center is carried out in the context of Working Groups—zero-barrier, interdisciplinary, goal-\nfocused teams that meet regularly to get work done. Supported research includes three Research Projects,\nPilot Projects, Modeling Access Grants, and ad hoc teams. Our comprehensive plan for proposal preparation\nimproves grantsmanship, and our staff assists with submission and grant management. 2) Increase University\nof Idaho’s faculty participation in biomedical research. We will add six new faculty as a commitment to this\nPhase II COBRE and attract broader participation from across the University. 3) Extend the reach of the\nModeling Core into new areas of modeling to capitalize on emerging opportunities. The Modeling Core\naccelerates interdisciplinary research by placing Core Fellows at the hub of the research community. We have\nadded new Core Initiatives in machine learning and geospatial modeling to stimulate research in these areas\nwith high potential for future growth. 4) Establish a path to long-term sustainability under the umbrella of the\nInstitute for Modeling Collaboration & Innovation. The major hurdle for sustainability is to maintain a robust\nModeling Core. We have developed a business plan that calls for us to diversify our funding sources to include\ninstitutional, state, and private support to supplement federal grants.
170 Amino acid mutations in human visual pigments can impair color vision or lead to diseases such as degenerative blinding condition. Human vision requires that these pigments, consisting of a chromophore and associated opsin protein, have distinct peak spectral sensitivities in separate rod and cone photoreceptor populations. Peak spectral sensitivity is determined by the chromophore type and the amino acid sequence of the opsin. Understanding how a single mutation in the opsin protein can lead to anomalous visual function and disease would assist the development of molecular-level therapeutic strategies. Such an understanding is currently not available. The proposed research has an overarching goal of developing novel molecular-level therapeutic strategies to treat human vision deficiencies by unraveling the mysteries of the phototransduction cycle using state-of-the-art modeling approaches. The goal of the proposed research is to build on our molecular modeling framework to develop and test an automated computational pipeline to estimate peak spectral sensitivity for Rh1 rod opsins and use it to elucidate mechanisms for disease-associated mutations. In Aim 1, we will build a machine-learning-based pipeline, which will utilize homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation, for accurately predicting peak spectral sensitivity from opsin amino acid sequence data. Aim 2 will employ mixed quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics simulations to elucidate molecular mechanisms of spectral shift and improve the pipeline. In Aim 3, we will use the pipeline to determine molecular mechanisms for anomalous visual functions. The proposed research has the potential for high impact in the field of human vision because it will provide a predictive modeling approach for visual pigments, that has remained elusive for decades. This new genome-to-phenome understanding of the molecular function of visual pigments will pave the way for novel strategies to engineer pigments suitable for optogenetics, or to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
171 The microbial communities colonizing animals are integral to animal health and development but details \nabout what make these communities functional and stable are lacking. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect \nbacteria) are the numerically dominant members of animal microbiomes and they influence many \nproperties of these communities. Bacteriophages regulate bacterial community composition by predation, \ntransfer genetic material between host genomes, and beneficially stimulate the immune system of animals. \nHowever, our knowledge of bacteriophages is largely restricted to a limited set of lab-adapted strains and \nthus our understanding of their role in animal microbiomes is lacking. Bacteriophages may influence \ndisease through ecological processes by regulating bacterial community composition and abundance or by promoting changes in the virulence of their bacterial hosts. \nThe factors causing microbial composition to change over time are often hard to determine and empirically test because most animal microbiomes are complex and experimental intractable. We propose to utilize an important animal model system, the honey bee (Apis mellifera), to determine how ecological and evolutionary forces shape animal microbiomes. To this end, we outline two Aims that will help us \ncharacterize these forces. \nAim 1: Determine how phage resistance evolution is dependent on microbial growth conditions. In this aim \nwe will comprehensively test different parameters of growth than are likely to influence how quickly \nbacteria evolve resistance against bacteriophage infections. We will carefully measure the tempo of \nchange in sets of bacteria and phages growing together. We anticipate identifying how these dynamics are impacted by growth conditions. \nAim 2: Measure the impact of microbial interactions on phage resistance evolution dynamics. In this aim \nwe expand our research to include interacting bacterial species. In most natural conditions that microbes \nlive in they will encounter other bacteria. These interactions likely alter how bacteria respond to and evolveresistance against the bacteriophages that infect them. Our experiments will address this by co-culturing bacteria and again measuring the tempo of evolution in these systems. \nIn both aims we adopt an integrative approach that utilizes mathematic modeling, culturing of bacteria and phages in the lab, and testing their growth in the honey bee gut. In doing so, we benefit from the strengths of each approach and increase the rigor of our results.
172 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Porphyromonas ingivalis Pg) is recognized as a major pathogen of adult periodontitis and implicated in multiple systemic inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease. Pg's ability to invade a wide variety of host cell types and employ adaptive mechanisms to subvert specific host responses are key virulence factors critical to its survival and persistence. Whether forming tissue disseminating biofilm communities in the oral cavity and other sites in the body or residing in host cells as an intracellular pathogen, Pg must be able to sense and rapidly respond to changes in its environment. Regulation of gene expression by small non-coding regulatory RNA (sRNA) is an exciting and rapidly growing field in biology. This mechanism of gene regulation is now recognized as a common mechanism employed by bacteria to rapidly respond to environmental cues. However, the sRNA regulatory systems Pg uses to rapidly respond to dynamic environmental cues are as yet unknown. The interactions between sRNA and their mRNA targets are often mediated by Hfq, a sRNA chaperone conserved across many bacterial species. However, Pg is an Hfq negative bacterium. Therefore, elucidating the roles of virulence modulating sRNAs in Hfq negative bacteria such as Pg will expand our knowledge base of the regulation of virulence in pathogens that do not contain this sRNA chaperone. Using both NimbleGen microarray analysis and next generation Illumina sequencing of sRNA enriched cDNA libraries, we have generated Pg sRNA expression profiles in response to hemin availability and growth phase. These conditions were selected based on published studies that suggest that periodontal pathogenesis is initiated during mid-log phase under hemin limitation after hemin starvation. Significantly, employing invasion assays using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), we found that one of the sRNA we have identified (sRNA W83-514) appears to be linked to Pg virulence. However, to fully understand the biological significance of sRNA mediated regulation, and completely characterize sRNA systems, requires identification of both the sRNA and its cognate mRNA targets. In pursuit of identifying mRNA targets of select Pg sRNAs, including sRNA W83-514, we propose to develop a novel unbiased screening model, using an E. coli surrogate host, capable of identifying both positively and negatively regulated mRNA targets (Aim 1A). This technology will enhance Pg studies of virulence because many of the methods developed to identify and characterize sRNA regulation either are specific to Hfq directed sRNA or very difficult/impossible to replicate in Pg. Furthermore, we propose to use mutational analysis and RT-PCR to generate quantitative measures of mRNA targets in wildtype and sRNA mutant Pg clones, under various environmental conditions, to determine if the mRNA targets identified in Aim 1A are regulated in Pg by its cognate sRNA (Aim 1B), while furthering our long-term objective of characterizing sRNA regulatory system(s) of this human pathogen. \r\n \r\n
173 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Porphyromonas ingivalis Pg) is recognized as a major pathogen of adult periodontitis and implicated in multiple systemic inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease. Pg's ability to invade a wide variety of host cell types and employ adaptive mechanisms to subvert specific host responses are key virulence factors critical to its survival and persistence. Whether forming tissue disseminating biofilm communities in the oral cavity and other sites in the body or residing in host cells as an intracellular pathogen, Pg must be able to sense and rapidly respond to changes in its environment. Regulation of gene expression by small non-coding regulatory RNA (sRNA) is an exciting and rapidly growing field in biology. This mechanism of gene regulation is now recognized as a common mechanism employed by bacteria to rapidly respond to environmental cues. However, the sRNA regulatory systems Pg uses to rapidly respond to dynamic environmental cues are as yet unknown. The interactions between sRNA and their mRNA targets are often mediated by Hfq, a sRNA chaperone conserved across many bacterial species. However, Pg is an Hfq negative bacterium. Therefore, elucidating the roles of virulence modulating sRNAs in Hfq negative bacteria such as Pg will expand our knowledge base of the regulation of virulence in pathogens that do not contain this sRNA chaperone. Using both NimbleGen microarray analysis and next generation Illumina sequencing of sRNA enriched cDNA libraries, we have generated Pg sRNA expression profiles in response to hemin availability and growth phase. These conditions were selected based on published studies that suggest that periodontal pathogenesis is initiated during mid-log phase under hemin limitation after hemin starvation. Significantly, employing invasion assays using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), we found that one of the sRNA we have identified (sRNA W83-514) appears to be linked to Pg virulence. However, to fully understand the biological significance of sRNA mediated regulation, and completely characterize sRNA systems, requires identification of both the sRNA and its cognate mRNA targets. In pursuit of identifying mRNA targets of select Pg sRNAs, including sRNA W83-514, we propose to develop a novel unbiased screening model, using an E. coli surrogate host, capable of identifying both positively and negatively regulated mRNA targets (Aim 1A). This technology will enhance Pg studies of virulence because many of the methods developed to identify and characterize sRNA regulation either are specific to Hfq directed sRNA or very difficult/impossible to replicate in Pg. Furthermore, we propose to use mutational analysis and RT-PCR to generate quantitative measures of mRNA targets in wildtype and sRNA mutant Pg clones, under various environmental conditions, to determine if the mRNA targets identified in Aim 1A are regulated in Pg by its cognate sRNA (Aim 1B), while furthering our long-term objective of characterizing sRNA regulatory system(s) of this human pathogen.
174 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bacteria of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites and include common human pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, a leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases and blinding trachoma. Unlike most bacterial pathogens, C. trachomatis alternates between two physiologically distinct cell forms to establish infection: the infectious Elementary Body (EB) and replicative Reticulate Body (RB). Two histone related proteins, HctA and HctB, regulate compaction and relaxation of chlamydial chromatin during transition between developmental forms and control RNA polymerase access to the DNA. Biogenesis of the chlamydial replication niche depends on the re-initiation of protein expression as the EB germinates into the RB cell type. The factors controlling chlamydial gene expression during differentiation remains a significant knowledge gap. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEC) is an intermediate of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid synthesis that promotes dissociation of chlamydial histones from isolated EB chromatin structures. The MEP pathway starts with condensation of the glycolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde 3-P and pyruvate and is therefore likely to be regulated by glycolytic activity. Expression of the chlamydial hexose phosphate transporter UhpC at the onset of morphological differentiation and recently demonstrated metabolic activation of EBs by glucose 6-P in vitro suggests that activation of glycolysis and pathogen energy metabolism is temporally linked to chromatin decondensation. We hypothesize that the histones, by binding to specific sites or structural elements on the chromosome, allow ordered control of early gene expression by affecting the access of regulatory proteins to promoters and genes involved in the control of differentiation. We further predict that initiation of metabolism is a key element in controlling histone release. The aim of this proposal is to determine the role of chromatin structure in developmental regulation and to establish a link between initiation of EB energy metabolism and regulation of EB chromatin structure immediately upon infection. The relationship between chromatin structure and de novo gene transcription will be determined using high throughput DNA- and RNA-seq techniques to measure changes in DNA accessibility and RNA transcription upon incubation of bacteria in a host cell-free medium containing glucose 6-P, and during early differentiation. Comparing the regulation of the EB chromatin structure early in development in vivo to chromatin structure changes of activated EBs in vitro will provide unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of EB germination. Additionally, as the MEP pathway is not present in mammalian cells, understanding the novel role of metabolism in activating the chlamydial pathogenic cycle will provide potential avenues for preventing or treating chlamydial infections.
175 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bacteria of the genus Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites and include common human pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, a leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases and blinding trachoma. Unlike most bacterial pathogens, C. trachomatis alternates between two physiologically distinct cell forms to establish infection: the infectious Elementary Body (EB) and replicative Reticulate Body (RB). Two histone related proteins, HctA and HctB, regulate compaction and relaxation of chlamydial chromatin during transition between developmental forms and control RNA polymerase access to the DNA. Biogenesis of the chlamydial replication niche depends on the re-initiation of protein expression as the EB germinates into the RB cell type. The factors controlling chlamydial gene expression during differentiation remains a significant knowledge gap. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEC) is an intermediate of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid synthesis that promotes dissociation of chlamydial histones from isolated EB chromatin structures. The MEP pathway starts with condensation of the glycolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde 3-P and pyruvate and is therefore likely to be regulated by glycolytic activity. Expression of the chlamydial hexose phosphate transporter UhpC at the onset of morphological differentiation and recently demonstrated metabolic activation of EBs by glucose 6-P in vitro suggests that activation of glycolysis and pathogen energy metabolism is temporally linked to chromatin decondensation. We hypothesize that the histones, by binding to specific sites or structural elements on the chromosome, allow ordered control of early gene expression by affecting the access of regulatory proteins to promoters and genes involved in the control of differentiation. We further predict that initiation of metabolism is a key element in controlling histone release. The aim of this proposal is to determine the role of chromatin structure in developmental regulation and to establish a link between initiation of EB energy metabolism and regulation of EB chromatin structure immediately upon infection. The relationship between chromatin structure and de novo gene transcription will be determined using high throughput DNA- and RNA-seq techniques to measure changes in DNA accessibility and RNA transcription upon incubation of bacteria in a host cell-free medium containing glucose 6-P, and during early differentiation. Comparing the regulation of the EB chromatin structure early in development in vivo to chromatin structure changes of activated EBs in vitro will provide unprecedented insight into the mechanisms of EB germination. Additionally, as the MEP pathway is not present in mammalian cells, understanding the novel role of metabolism in activating the chlamydial pathogenic cycle will provide potential avenues for preventing or treating chlamydial infections. \r\n \r\n
176 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to\nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort\nhas been from individual laboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have\ndeveloped between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the\nresearch skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized\nmechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the\nbroad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence\n(COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have\ngenerated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix\nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to\nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research\ninfrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix\ninteractions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation\nand technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium\nCore, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of\nextracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the\npathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name\na few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new\ncollaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information,\nideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nmatrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established\ninvestigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.
177 The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
178 Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
179 Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
180 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology. \r\n \r\n
181 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology. \r\n \r\n
182 Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
183 Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
184 PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
185 Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
186 PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
187 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
188 Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
189 Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
190 Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
191 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology. \r\n \r\n
192 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to many of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort has been from individual\r\nlaboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have developed between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the research skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the broad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have generated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix Biology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation and technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium Core, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of extracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name a few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new collaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information, ideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of matrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology. \r\n \r\n
193 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to\nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort\nhas been from individual laboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have\ndeveloped between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the\nresearch skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized\nmechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the\nbroad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence\n(COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have\ngenerated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix\nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to\nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research\ninfrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix\ninteractions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation\nand technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium\nCore, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of\nextracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the\npathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name\na few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new\ncollaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information,\nideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nmatrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established\ninvestigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.
194 Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
195 Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
196 Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
197 Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
198 More women suffer multiple sclerosis (MS) than men. The female-to-male ratio is 2:1, with some studies \nbroadening it to 3:1. A similar pattern is observed in experimental disease models, although the sex-dependent \nsusceptibility is subjected to the genetic background. Another biological variable that affects the disease \nestablishment and progression is the gut microbiota. Studies from our lab and others showed that the significant \nreduction or complete absence of gut microbiota reduces the severity and progression of experimental \nautoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Reciprocally, disease onset alters the gut microbiota composition and \nincreases intestinal permeability suggesting that the gut-microbiota-brain axis acts bidirectionally. While most \nmicrobiota studies compare the fecal microbial composition, the effects of disease on the microbiota composition \nof the mucosal layer remain unknown. Exploring this knowledge gap is significant because gut microbes \nmodulate the production and integrity of the gut mucus, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction \nexpression in epithelial cells. Since sex-dependent microbiota differences have been described in EAE mice, we \nhypothesize that disease susceptibility in females and males is directly associated with changes in the \nmicrobiota associated with the intestinal mucosal ECM, resulting in increased microbial translocation to \nthe lamina propria, local and systemic inflammation, which subsequently leads to increased \nneuroinflammation and disease severity. We propose evaluating the effects of the sex-dependent EAE \nsusceptibility in the microbiota composition of the gut lumen and ECM, intestinal permeability, systemic and CNS \ninflammation, and the effects of microbiota interventions in the intestinal ECM and disease progression. We will \nuse two different EAE models with different sex-dependent susceptibility: the SJL/J EAE model with only female \nmice being susceptible to the disease and the C57BL/6J model with both females and males susceptible to EAE. \nWe recently showed that the oral treatment with the isoprenoid farnesol, a microbial biofilm regulator protected \nEAE mice against the disease. We now hypothesize that the treatment with farnesol regulates biofilm formation \nin the microbiota-ECM resulting in increased overall intestinal integrity in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice. \nWe propose three specific aims to determine whether the disease in sex-dependent EAE susceptible mice \npromotes a microbiota-ECM architecture that contributes to local, systemic, and CNS inflammation and whether \nthe oral treatment with farnesol reverses the effects of disease on microbiota and integrity of the gut epithelium \nand mucosa. The project would extend our understanding of the protective effects of isoprenoids against \nneuroinflammation by directly targeting MS and studying the gut mucosal layer, an extracellular glycoproteinbased \nmatrix.
199 Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
200 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
201 Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
202 Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
203 Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
204 Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
205 Project Summary/Abstract\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. We propose to increase access to and use of\nshared instrumentation within the COBRE Core facilities through the purchase of a Zeiss Axio Observer 7 Live\nCell Imaging system. This new live cell imaging system will support the investigators that have coalesced\naround the thematic focus of matrix biology. Investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology are diverse with\nrespect to the primary disciplines that they represent, including biology, chemistry, physics, materials science,\ncomputer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and electrical engineering. Strong institutional\nsupport provided newly remodeled laboratory space and personnel to support the use through training,\nmaintenance, and assistance for new users. The live cell imaging system will be located within new laboratory\nspace for shared core facilities to support investigators from across campus. The enhanced core facilities will\nallow investigators to carry out more sophisticated experiments that address how cells respond to their\nenvironment through their extracellular matrix. Results will be disseminated through peer review publication in\nscientific journals and presentations at national research conferences. The acquisition of the new instrument\nwill facilitate the achievement of our overarching goals which are to: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical\nmass of investigators established around the thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance\nbiomedical research core capabilities, 3) grow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance\nresearch training opportunities. Upon successful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened\nand enhanced the critical mass of investigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in\ndevelopment and disease. Shared core facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more\ninvestigators as they follow a mentored career development plan. The multidisciplinary team science nature\nwill continue to grow to include additional investigators across our institution.
206 Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
207 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nThe Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology administrative supplement will\nsupport women’s health research in an IDeA state, specifically Idaho. The results of this study\nwill enhance our understanding of how bone health may be maintained for breast cancer\nsurvivors and those who have undergone chemotherapy. This question is at the foundation of\nconcerns for women who have had breast cancer treatment and who are therefore at an\nincreased risk for osteoporosis and fracture. The risk of developing breast cancer increases with\nage and is particularly high in women age 60 and older. Because of their age, these women are\nalready at an increased risk for osteoporosis. Case rates in Idaho are higher than the national\naverage, and much higher for some of the more rural counties within Idaho. Prevention and\ntherapeutic interventions are needed to minimize bone loss and reduce fracture risk in this large\nand growing population. The proposed work will leverage resources available at Boise State\nUniversity, specifically the Biomolecular Research Core and the RNA sequencing laboratory.\nThe objective for this project is to investigate low-intensity vibration-induced improvements in\nboth DNA damage repair in mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblast differentiation, and\nextracellular matrix production during cisplatin treatment. Results from this project will yield a\ngreater understanding of how external mechanical force is involved in maintaining bone health\nduring anti-cancer treatment. At the completion of the proposed experiments, we anticipate a\ngreater understanding of non-pharmacologic and targeted therapeutic interventions to decrease\nlong-term sequelae following chemotherapy. The results of the proposed work may reduce bone\nfractures, cancer metastasis, and recurrence. Additionally, this administrative supplement will\nexpand the research and research capacity to conduct women’s health research in the state of\nIdaho.
208 Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
209 Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
210 Hydrogels incorporating silk protein primed with bioactive peptides have been successfully used \nto study the cellular processes underlying differentiation of skeletal muscle. However, previous \nsystems were limited due to their static nature – their mechanical properties are fixed. Recently, \nwe demonstrated a new silk hydrogel crosslinked with tyramine-substituted silk fibroin that \nstiffened over time at controllable rates. The programmable stiffness of these hydrogels makes \nthem attractive for modeling the changes in tissue-level stiffness that are associated with \nmusculoskeletal development, or following injury. We will modify these hydrogels to incorporate \ndecellularized muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), obtained through a recently established \ndecellularization protocol. Our preliminary data suggest coupling ECM to our silk matrices can \nbe used to further fine-tune the stiffening, enabling highly controllable and distinct mechanical \nand matrix protein gradients within the same gel, by spatially varying the amount and type of \nECM mixed in with the silk precursors. A silk-ECM hydrogel has not previously been developed. \nOur central hypothesis is that dynamically stiffening hydrogels with highly tunable mechanical \nand biochemical characteristics can recapitulate key aspects of the myogenic environment more \neffectively than existing engineered systems, and as a result, will improve our understanding of \nthe process to enable better control of the therapeutic potential of myogenically differentiating \niPSCs for regenerating skeletal muscle. We will develop hydrogels as novel in vitro systems to \nexplore the impacts of dynamic stiffness on myogenesis of iPSCs. We will test our hypothesis \nusing two specific aims. The first aim will be to determine how evolving stiffness in 3D hydrogels \nimpacts iPSC myogenesis. The second aim will be to develop a biochemically functionalized \nand mechanically dynamic silk-ECM hydrogel for generation of skeletal muscle from iPSCs. \nCompletion of these aims will enhance our understanding of the regulators of skeletal muscle \ndevelopment and the impact of dynamic substrate stiffness and matrix composition on stem cell \ndifferentiation, with the ultimate goal of therapeutically targeting these mechanisms to \nregenerate skeletal muscle using stem cells. 3D hydrogels can be further used to investigate \nthe processes that regulate development, aging, injury, and disease of skeletal muscle.
211 Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
212 PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
213 Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
214 Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
215 Project Summary/Abstract - Overall\nThe long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to\nestablish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research center focusing on improving our\nunderstanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health, and disease, and contributing to\nthe prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. Since the beginning of Phase I in 2014, we\nhave vigorously intervened limitations that hinder achieving our goals. Program accomplishments resulting\nfrom career development and mentoring of junior investigators led to an increase in research grant awards\nduring Phase I. We accomplished an increase in access to and use of shared instrumentation within the\nCOBRE Core facilities. Most importantly, a culture shift has occurred at Boise State University. Seven\ninvestigators received significant new funding and graduated from the COBRE mentoring program. The Pilot\nProject Program contributed to investigator success and served as an onramp for two of our Research Project\nInvestigators working toward R01 grant submission during Phase II. A critical mass of investigators has been\nestablished around the thematic focus of matrix biology that includes a diverse cadre from disciplines including\nbiology, chemistry, physics, materials science, computer science, mechanical and biomedical engineering, and\nelectrical engineering. The COBRE program has put Boise State in a position to make significant contributions\nto solutions addressing national health concerns. New laboratories have been built and core facilities have\nbeen established supporting proteomics and metabolomics, histology, microscopy, imaging, and\nbiostatistics/bioinformatics. COBRE investigators published 98 peer-reviewed manuscripts including\nnoteworthy articles in journals of high impact. Phase II is critically important for us to continue our upward\nmomentum toward our goals of research growth over the next five years. To achieve this overarching goal, four\nspecific aims are proposed: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators established around\nthe thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core capabilities, 3)\ngrow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training opportunities. Upon\nsuccessful completion of the proposed aims, we will have strengthened and enhanced the critical mass of\ninvestigators with shared priorities in understanding the role of the matrix in development and disease. Shared\ncore facilities will be enhanced and will support the needs of more investigators as they follow a mentored\ncareer development plan. The multidisciplinary nature that was established in Phase I will continue to grow to\ninclude additional investigators across our institution.
216 Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
217 Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
218 1. PROJECT SUMMARY - Role of Cellular Mechanotransduction of Low Intensity Vibrations in Regulating\nExtracellular Matrix Synthesis\n1.1. Summarize the goal of the parent award: The long-term goal of the Center of Biomedical Research\nExcellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology is to establish, enhance, and actively advance a multidisciplinary research\ncenter focusing on improving our understanding of the role of the extracellular matrix in development, health,\nand disease, and contributing to the prevention, treatment, and cure for diseases of high priority. The specific\naims of the COBRE Matrix Biology Parent award are: 1) enhance and grow upon the critical mass of investigators\nestablished around the thematic multidisciplinary focus of matrix biology, 2) enhance biomedical research core\ncapabilities, 3) grow research collaborations with existing programs, and 4) enhance research training\nopportunities. This project will supplement the existing COBRE Matrix Biology award to form a new team of\ninvestigators that bring together three investigators from IDeA states with different perspectives and expertise to\naddress complex basic, behavioral, clinical and/or translational research questions with complementary\napproaches. The research question does not duplicate those currently being pursued by the parent award and\nclearly benefits from the collective efforts of the collaboration.\n1.2 Research question to be addressed by the supplement award: Engineering biophysical signals promises\nnon-pharmacologic interventions to direct tissue regeneration in conditions that devastate bone such as\nosteoporosis, aging, injury, bedrest, or microgravity. Externally applied Low-Intensity Vibrations (LIV), a\nmechanical signal similar to muscle activity, offers a readily usable technology to stimulate Mesenchymal Stem\nCell (MSC) anabolism for both tissue engineering and clinical approaches. LIV does not generate significant\nmatrix deformations in vivo, thus excluding most mechano-transduction mechanisms previously proposed for\nhigh-magnitude and low-frequency mechanical signals (e.g., exercise). This presents a significant gap\nknowledge about bone mechanobiology and prevents utilization of LIV as an effective treatment for bone loss.\nMSC’s ability to replace and rejuvenate bone cell populations are informed by both dynamic mechanical forces\ngenerated during daily activities (e.g. muscle activity) and by the quality of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Yes1\nAssociated Protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator that can activate the expression of genes in response\nto mechanical force, including ECM molecules such as Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) to regulate\ncollagen production in cells. For tissue engineering and clinical approaches to ultimately succeed, causative\ninformation on how high-frequency signals generated by LIV are sensed, transduced, and eventually lead to\nnuclear YAP expression and ECM production is critical.\nThis proposal aims to address a fundamental gap in bone mechanobiology by mechanistically establishing a\nmechanosensory function of the cell nucleus to respond to dynamic accelerations produced by LIV. Using our\nnovel team approach, we will test whether LIV generates relative motions of the nucleus within a cell to\nstrengthen nucleo-cytoskeletal scaffolding and to increase force-induced YAP signaling in the cell nuclei to elicit\nECM production. We will address this through three sub-hypotheses and specific aims.\nThe aims of this study are to determine in live cells if 1) vibration frequency and acceleration modulate the LIV-\ninduced nuclear motions and resulting F-actin remodeling, 2) LIV-induced perinuclear F-actin remodeling will\nincrease cytoskeletal tension on the nucleus, 3) the magnitude of cytoskeletal tension on the nucleus determines\nthe magnitude of YAP nuclear entry and ECM production.\nCompletion of these aims will provide knowledge on (1) how to enhance the efficacy of LIV-based regenerative\nmodalities in clinic, and (2) foundational structure-function relationships in MSCs. Results will ultimately enable\nengineering LIV-based approaches that target nucleo-cytoskeletal connectivity with application in many areas\nincluding, but not limited to, tissue regeneration, tissue engineering, and aging.\n1.3 Benefit of team science effort: This proposed supplement cannot be accomplished by any single\ninvestigator and requires an orchestrated effort by three investigators working in different fields: cell\nmechanobiology, machine learning, and computational biomechanics. Co-Project Lead (CPL) Uzer will\nwork on establishing experimental methods to measure nuclear motion, high-fidelity cell and biological outcomes,\nECM production, and nuclear YAP levels. CPL Satici will focus on developing machine learning algorithms to\nreconstruct 3D nuclear and cytoskeletal geometries in response to LIV in live cells. CPL Fitzpatrick will develop\nfinite element (FE) models to quantify cytoskeletal forces on the nucleus under LIV treatment. Upon successful\ncompletion of this work, our team will establish, for the first time, a novel pipeline for data-driven, cell-specific FE\nmodels for understanding force-function relationships in cells. This novel method will lead us to new grant\nsubmissions to study the role of cell-specific forces in maintaining healthy cell function and ECM composition as\nwell as informing new translational studies that use LIV to attenuate disease progression both in vitro and in vivo.
219 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is for the acquisition of a Dynamic Imaging System at the University of Idaho (UI). This major acquisition is intended to advance research in NIH-funded cellular and molecular biology and neuroscience at the UI by allowing researchers to work with live cells, tissues, and small organisms to observe and document changes as they occur. Our goal is to add technological capacity that supports research on the discovery of specific cell fates within the vertebrate nervous system, the determination of roles of specific cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of neuronal number, the direct observation of the fate of virus-derived proteins in infected neural progenitor cells, and determination of plasmid inheritance in bacteria. The University of Idaho (UI) Department of Biological Sciences has built core strengths in cellular and molecular biology and neuroscience. Further growth of research programs in these core areas is dependent upon the capacity to track, in real time, the activities of live tissues, cells, and subcellular and molecular processes. The Shared Instrumentation Grant will fund a key piece of instrumentation that is not currently accessible in the region, and would fill a critical research need at the UI. Specific components of this instrument include: 1) a Nikon TiEclipse inverted microscope and necessary optical components; 2) Andor spinning disk confocal system and cameras; and 3) an offline image and video analysis station and software. This equipment will support the research of four NIH R01-funded major users, and six minor users with NIH and/or other sources of federal support. The NIH sources available to minor users include two Institutional Development Awards (IDeA): an INBRE related to cell signaling; and a COBRE related to rapid evolutionary processes. The Dynamic Imaging System will be housed in the UI's Optical Imaging Core, a fee-for-use facility with ongoing support from the UI's Office of Research and Economic Development. The UI commits funds for infrastructure to ensure the immediate acquisition, maximal usage and continued support of the Dynamic Imaging System. The research programs advanced by this equipment directly align with signature areas of research excellence for UI, which were identified by the UI President for strategic institutional investment. Our detailed technical expertise section and management plan outline a vision for maintenance and use of the instrument beyond the funding period. \r\n \r\n\r\n
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222 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal puts forth a series of synthetic and physical-organic studies aimed at developing three classes of thermally-stable signal amplification reagents for use in point-of-care diagnostics. The reagents will enable trace-level detection of markers of disease and pollution in assays that are inexpensive and straightforward to conduct in resource-limited environments (such as the developing world, in homes for home healthcare, and in emergency situations). The reagents are based on the hypothesis that autocatalytic and auto inductive reactions will be particularly effective at amplifying signal for detection event. The focus of the proposal is on the design, synthesis, and physical organic studies of these reagents in an effort to optimize their performance for diagnostic assays. This optimization effort includes enabling 5000� signal amplification within a 1 h assay, providing unambiguous colorimetric readouts, and ensuring that background signal that could lead to false positive results is eliminated. The performance of the reagents will be tested in the context of assays for water quality (fluoride will be the analyte), the purity of drugs (palladium will be the\nanalyte), and for detecting influenza neuraminidase at levels that correspond to the first 24-48 h of an infection.
223 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease likely caused by a combination\nof both genetic and environmental factors. Of the genetic risk factors identified, the 34 kDa protein,\napolipoprotein (apo) E4, is of significance importance as APOE4 carriers account for 65-80% of all\nAD cases. Although apoE4 plays a normal role in lipoprotein transport, how it contributes to AD\npathogenesis is currently unknown. Emerging data suggests that apoE4 is sensitive to proteolytic\ncleavage and thus contributes to the underlying molecular pathology associated with AD possibly\nthrough a loss of function. Using a site-directed antibody to cleaved apoE4 we have recently\ndetermined an amino-terminal cleavage fragment of apoE4 of 17 KDa can be formed following\nincubation of full-length apoE4 with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that localizes to the nucleus\nof microglia of the human AD brain. The goal of this proposal is to expand those findings by\ndetermining the mechanisms by which a recombinantly-produced, His-tagged fragment of apoE4\n(nApoE41-151) is taken up by microglia, traffics to the nucleus, and alters gene expression. We\nhypothesize that the trafficking of this fragment to the nucleus serves a pathophysiological function\nthat regulates the expression of genes related to microglia activation and cell death. Experiments\ndescribed in Aim 1a will rigorously test the hypothesis that nApoE41-151 is taken up by cells through a\nspecific receptor-mediated pathway involving the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor or the LDL\nreceptor-related protein (LRP-1). In Aim 1b, parallel experiments will also assess whether trafficking\nof nApoE41-151 to the nucleus occurs aided by the use of our site-directed cleavage antibody that\nspecifically detects this apoE4 fragment as well as an anti-His antibody. We propose experiments to\nelucidate the pathway by which nApoE41-151 traffics from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, presumably\nfollowing receptor-mediated endocytosis.\nExperiments outlined in Aim 2 will determine what transcriptional effects if any this apoE4 fragment\nhas once localized within the nucleus. In Aim 2a, we will first characterize the potential binding of\nnApoE41-151 to a possible enhancer region of nuclear DNA 5’ to a novel, uncharacterized gene that\nwas isolated following chromatin immunoprecipitation in preliminary studies. These experiments will\nanalyze the potential binding kinetics, in vitro, utilizing several techniques that allow for the\ncharacterization of interactions of the DNA sequence and nApoE41-151. In addition, in Aim 2b, we will\ndetermine if this sequence serves a potential regulator of transcription using a luciferase reporter\ngene construct. Finally, in Aim 2c we will examine overall gene expression in BV2 microglial cells\nfollowing treatment with nApoE41-151 following purification of RNA samples and transcriptome\nanalysis. Because microglia produce apoE4, our hypothesis is this fragment is part of a feedback\nloop that regulates the expression of APOE4 gene or may lead to transcriptional regulation of other\ngenes that contribute to cell death or microglia activation. Data from this proposal could uncover a\nnovel pathophysiological role for apoE4 and lead to a better understanding as to why inheritance of\nthis gene enhances AD risk.
224 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease likely caused by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors. Of the genetic risk factors identified, the 34 kDa protein, apolipoprotein (apo) E4, is of\r\nsignificant importance as apoeE4 carriers account for 65-80 percent of all AD cases. Although apoE4 plays a normal role in lipoprotein transport, how it contributes to AD pathogenesis is currently unknown. Emerging data suggests that apoE4 is sensitive to proteolytic cleavage and thus contributes to the underlying molecular pathology associated with AD possibly through a loss of function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the proteolytic cleavage of apoE4, including the identity of the protease involve, has not been clarified. The purpose of this study is to identify the protease responsible for ApoE4 cleavage and to determine whether or not this cleavage event occurs in the AD brain. Using a site-directed antibody to cleaved apoE4 we have recently determined a major cleavage fragment of apoE4 of 18 KDa is present in recombinant forms following purification of apoE4 from E. coli and is present in situ in AD brain sections. We hypothesize that this proteolytic event represents a novel pathway for apoE4 cleavage and that caspases are responsible for this cleavage in the AD brain. Experiments described in Aim 1 will rigorously test the hypothesis that apoE4 is cleaved by caspases to generate a 18 kDa amino-terminal fragment. These experiments will characterize the cleavage event by analyzing the production of the apoE4 fragment following incubation of purified apoE4 or recombinant forms with caspase-3 in a cell-free system or following caspase activation in a model system of apoptosis. These experiments will be aided through the development of a site-directed cleavage antibody that specifically detects the amino-terminal 18 kDa fragment of apoE4 following cleavage at D172. Experiments outlined in Aim 2 will determine whether proteolytic cleavage is unique to only the E4 isoform, and not other known isoforms including apoE2 or apoE3. We hypothesize that only apoE4 will be uniquely sensitive to proteolytic cleavage compared to other isoforms and thus, this will serve as an underlying event connecting apoE4 proteolysis to an enhanced risk of late-onset AD. Using our site-directed cleavage antibodies, experiments in Aim 3 will determine if this same apoE4 fragment is generated in the AD brain and if so, what cell type. Due to the role of caspases in cleaving tau and contributing to\r\nthe formation of neurofibrillary tangles, we hypothesize this 18 kDa fragment of apoE4 will localize within neurofibrillary tangles of the AD brain. Both immunohistochemical analysis using fixed post mortem brain sections as well as Western blot analysis from AD samples will be performed and compared to age-matched controls. \r\n
225 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, fatal disorder neurodegenerative disease that is the most common\ncause of dementia. In addition to advancing age, there are known genetic risk factors associated with AD. Of\nthe genetic risk factors identified, the 34 kDa protein, apolipoprotein (Apo) E4, is of significance importance as\nAPOE4 carriers account for 65-80% of all AD cases. Although ApoE4 plays a normal role in lipoprotein\ntransport, how it contributes to AD pathogenesis is currently unknown. Recent data from our lab suggests that,\nin vitro, a 151 amino-terminal fragment of ApoE4 (nApoE41-151) can traffic to the nucleus leading to toxicity and\nexpression of inflammatory genes in BV2 microglia cells. The goal of this proposal is to expand those findings\nin vivo, by assessing the mechanisms by which this fragment may induce toxicity, developmental\nabnormalities, and behavior deficits in a model system consisting of zebrafish. Experiments described in Aim 1\nwill rigorously test the hypothesis that nApoE41-151 may increase mortality following exogenous treatment in 48\nhours post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. Parallel experiments will also assess whether trafficking of\nnApoE41-151 to the nucleus occurs within the nervous system by fluorescence confocal microscopy. In addition,\nan assessment of developmental abnormalities will be undertaken based on well-defined empirically derived\ncriteria. We will determine if nApoE41-151 leads to toxicity or deformation of any other organ system including\nthe cardiovascular system. Finally, examination for tau pathology following treatment with this fragment could\nprovide a link between ApoE4 and a signature molecular pathology found in the human AD brain. Experiments\noutlined in Aim 2 will determine what sublethal effects the nApoE41-151 fragment may have on juvenile\nzebrafish by examining motor behavior as well as memory integrity. Behavior tests for memory and motor\nfunctions (assessed by tail flicking and T-maze) will be assessed following treatment of nApoE41-151. Finally, in\nAim 3. we will determine the potential deleterious effects of endogenously generated the nApoE41-151 in\nzebrafish. In this Aim, we propose to generate a new zebrafish strain that expresses nApoE41-151 to determine\nwhether low-level chronic expression leads to similar developmental and behavioral impairments as\nexogenous treatment. To accomplish this Aim, we will employ a Tol2 transposase method whereby the\nnApoE41-151 fragment will be expressed. The goal of these experiments will be to generate a permanent\ntransgenic zebrafish line that can be bred in perpetuity in order to fully study the developmental effects in\nembryos and young juveniles but also continuing in adult zebrafish if warranted\nOverall, we are proposing an in vivo model system to extend our in vitro findings and to obtain more robust,\nreliable data that can be extrapolated to an intact organism including humans. Zebrafish are emerging as an\neffective in vivo model system to study AD for many reasons including the fact that their neuroanatomic and\nneurochemical pathways share strong similarities with the human brain. In addition, they exhibit a relatively\nsimple nervous system and optical transparency of embryos permit for easy analyses of organ systems and\nbrain development. To strengthen our zebrafish studies, we will also take advantage of the relative ease to\nexpress human transgenes in zebrafish to assess in a more physiological milieu the potential long-term effects\nof expressing this amino-terminal fragment of ApoE4. Using such a model, we hypothesize that the nApoE41-\n151 fragment will demonstrate significant developmental abnormalities, motor dysfunction, and memory\nimpairments that will further support a novel role of this fragment in the etiology associated with AD.
226 The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities. Phase III has three Specific Objectives: \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST. \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research. \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community. \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
227 The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities. Phase III has three Specific Objectives: \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST. \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research. \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community. \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
228 The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities. Phase III has three Specific Objectives: \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST. \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research. \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community. \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
229 The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities. Phase III has three Specific Objectives: \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST. \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research. \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community. \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
230 The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Research on Processes in Evolution at the University of Idaho is organized under the auspices of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST). For the past 10 years, COBRE funding enabled IBEST investigators to conduct leading-edge interdisciplinary research in computational and evolutionary biology and to mentor early faculty to develop nationally competitive, independently-funded research programs. Faculty who graduate to independent funding remain in the highly collaborative community of IBEST. The Computational Resources Core and Genomics Resources Core facilities established as part of this COBRE provide a diverse array of advanced instrumentation and computational resources, as well as technical support to investigators. These core facilities currently support 28 funded projects. Thus, COBRE funding has had the intended effect of strengthening the institution's biomedical research capabilities and cultivating the supportive research environment needed to be competitive for external funding. Many of these projects are interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists and mathematicians, statisticians or computer scientists, and require the resources of both core facilities. Phase III has three Specific Objectives: \r\n1. To complete these two research cores and to transition them to sustainability in a way that will continue to support the research of IBEST. \r\n2. To support a Research Pilot Project Program, Technology Access Grants, and Travel and Collaboration Grants. The first two programs will enable faculty to generate preliminary data that will make them more competitive for external funding, and the third will enable them to initiate and/or develop collaborations that support research. \r\n3. Through a new Strategic Plan, identify scientific opportunities through frequent interactions within IBEST and extensive interactions with the external scientific community. \r\nThis final phase of COBRE funding, along with institutional investments in IBEST as a strategic Institute, will ensure our self-sustainability and maintain the infrastructure, climate, funding an personnel needed for a vibrant biomedical research program focused on processes of evolution.
231 Project Summary\nCollectively, extracellular matrix, integrins, and Notch regulate a host of normal and pathological\ncellular activities. Evidence emerging from our preliminary studies shows that these cellular\nentities are coordinated into a signaling mechanism that has not been previously observed. The\nimplications of our observation are broad and likely to have deep impacts on our understanding\nof cell interactions with cellular microenvironments as well as cellular behaviors in a range of\nnormal and pathological scenarios. In this renewal application, the main objectives are to fill in\nthe gaps of our current understanding of the molecular mechanism by which integrins regulate\nNotch and to explore the importance of this novel signaling system to several aspects of\nendothelial cellular function. To investigate the molecular mechanism in aim 1, we will focus on\nunderstanding how downstream integrin signaling through Src kinase impacts Notch activity.\nWe will specifically focus on understanding how Src kinase controls 1a) the half-life of active\nN1ICD fragments, 1b) transcriptional activity of N1ICD, and 1c) the N1ICD transcription factor\ncomplex. In aim 2 we will determine if this signaling system is operant in a variety of endothelial\nfunctions including 2a) response to non-canonical β3 ligands, 2b) response to matrix stiffness,\nand 2c) response to shear stress. Given that each of these important endothelial functions are\nknown to be individually influenced by extracellular matrix, integrin activity, and Notch signaling,\nwe hypothesize that these endothelial functions will also be dependent on coordinated activity\nbetween these signaling mechanisms. Throughout these studies, we will engage high school,\nundergraduate, and graduate students to collectively build scientific confidence and teach skills\nthese students will require in order to pursue careers in science. At the conclusion of our\nstudies, we will have accomplished two important milestones towards understanding this novel\nregulatory mechanism. Specifically, we will have unraveled many molecular details describing\nhow integrins control Notch, and we will have defined the importance of this signaling cascade\nto basic endothelial cell functions which when aberrant, are associated with a significant number\nof human pathologies.
232 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award application outlines the necessary background for, the extensive commitment from, and the proposed plan by the Primary Investigator (PI) to transition his research expertise to become an independent investigator for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A systematic transition will occur from the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of zinc oxide nanostructures for piezoelectric applications towards DNA-based nanotechnology for medical benefit. In support of this transition, the PI is requesting 5 years of didactic biomedical training under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Yurke, an internationally recognized physicist, biophysicist, and DNA nanotechnologist. Primary reasons for this early career transition include: i) the PI was hired as an Assistant Professor in the area of Biomaterials, ii) the PI was not formally trained in the biological sciences, iii) the PI's inherent desire to understand and control matter at the nanoscale for the benefit of humanity, iv) the ability for DNA nanotechnology to contribute to the mission of NIH while providing intellectual reward to the PI, and v) the potential to collaborate with and receive technical support from the Idaho Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) and the Mountain States Tumor & Medical Research Institute (MSTMRI). The goal of the K25 Award is to engineer a rapid, low-cost, disposable detection system for lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in human blood. The objective of the K25 Award is to build a diagnostic tool for lung cancer in vitro that exceeds the performance of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on relative miRNA concentrations, gold nanoparticle aggregation will signify a positive/negative signal for disease, analogous to the results of a disposable pregnancy test. As miRNAs are linked to cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic diseases, the proposed research is significant because it may catalyze low-cost, early-stage diagnosis of disease on a global scale. In addition, the proposed approach is innovative because it uses a radically different, non-PCR-based method for detecting miRNAs. Under mentor supervision, the PI will transition from didactic study to research independence. Didactic activities include: i) attending biochemistry courses at Boise State to establish a foundation in the biological sciences, ii) enrolling in Bio-Track courses at NIH to acquire advanced knowledge in experimental techniques, iii) attending monthly MSTMRI seminars and case studies at St Luke's Medical Center to engage the medical community, iv) discussing weekly research results with the mentor to support the experimental, theoretical, and research conduct development of the PI, v) continued co-teaching of a journal club with the mentor to facilitate scientific literacy in the area of DNA nanotechnology, vi) continued teaching of an upper-division Biomaterials course to reinforce learning via teaching, vii) participating in conferences such as the Materials Research Society (MRS) and Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) to network, and viii) writing proposals alongside and independent of the mentor. \n \n
233 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award application outlines the necessary background for, the extensive commitment from, and the proposed plan by the Primary Investigator (PI) to transition his research expertise to become an independent investigator for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A systematic transition will occur from the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of zinc oxide nanostructures for piezoelectric applications towards DNA-based nanotechnology for medical benefit. In support of this transition, the PI is requesting 5 years of didactic biomedical training under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Yurke, an internationally recognized physicist, biophysicist, and DNA nanotechnologist. Primary reasons for this early career transition include: i) the PI was hired as an Assistant Professor in the area of Biomaterials, ii) the PI was not formally trained in the biological sciences, iii) the PI's inherent desire to understand and control matter at the nanoscale for the benefit of humanity, iv) the ability for DNA nanotechnology to contribute to the mission of NIH while providing intellectual reward to the PI, and v) the potential to collaborate with and receive technical support from the Idaho Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) and the Mountain States Tumor & Medical Research Institute (MSTMRI). The goal of the K25 Award is to engineer a rapid, low-cost, disposable detection system for lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in human blood. The objective of the K25 Award is to build a diagnostic tool for lung cancer in vitro that exceeds the performance of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on relative miRNA concentrations, gold nanoparticle aggregation will signify a positive/negative signal for disease, analogous to the results of a disposable pregnancy test. As miRNAs are linked to cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic diseases, the proposed research is significant because it may catalyze low-cost, early-stage diagnosis of disease on a global scale. In addition, the proposed approach is innovative because it uses a radically different, non-PCR-based method for detecting miRNAs. Under mentor supervision, the PI will transition from didactic study to research independence. Didactic activities include: i) attending biochemistry courses at Boise State to establish a foundation in the biological sciences, ii) enrolling in Bio-Track courses at NIH to acquire advanced knowledge in experimental techniques, iii) attending monthly MSTMRI seminars and case studies at St Luke's Medical Center to engage the medical community, iv) discussing weekly research results with the mentor to support the experimental, theoretical, and research conduct development of the PI, v) continued co-teaching of a journal club with the mentor to facilitate scientific literacy in the area of DNA nanotechnology, vi) continued teaching of an upper-division Biomaterials course to reinforce learning via teaching, vii) participating in conferences such as the Materials Research Society (MRS) and Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) to network, and viii) writing proposals alongside and independent of the mentor. \n \n
234 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award application outlines the necessary background for, the extensive commitment from, and the proposed plan by the Primary Investigator (PI) to transition his research expertise to become an independent investigator for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A systematic transition will occur from the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of zinc oxide nanostructures for piezoelectric applications towards DNA-based nanotechnology for medical benefit. In support of this transition, the PI is requesting 5 years of didactic biomedical training under the supervision of Dr. Bernard Yurke, an internationally recognized physicist, biophysicist, and DNA nanotechnologist. Primary reasons for this early career transition include: i) the PI was hired as an Assistant Professor in the area of Biomaterials, ii) the PI was not formally trained in the biological sciences, iii) the PI's inherent desire to understand and control matter at the nanoscale for the benefit of humanity, iv) the ability for DNA nanotechnology to contribute to the mission of NIH while providing intellectual reward to the PI, and v) the potential to collaborate with and receive technical support from the Idaho Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) and the Mountain States Tumor & Medical Research Institute (MSTMRI). The goal of the K25 Award is to engineer a rapid, low-cost, disposable detection system for lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in human blood. The objective of the K25 Award is to build a diagnostic tool for lung cancer in vitro that exceeds the performance of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on relative miRNA concentrations, gold nanoparticle aggregation will signify a positive/negative signal for disease, analogous to the results of a disposable pregnancy test. As miRNAs are linked to cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic diseases, the proposed research is significant because it may catalyze low-cost, early-stage diagnosis of disease on a global scale. In addition, the proposed approach is innovative because it uses a radically different, non-PCR-based method for detecting miRNAs. Under mentor supervision, the PI will transition from didactic study to research independence. Didactic activities include: i) attending biochemistry courses at Boise State to establish a foundation in the biological sciences, ii) enrolling in Bio-Track courses at NIH to acquire advanced knowledge in experimental techniques, iii) attending monthly MSTMRI seminars and case studies at St Luke's Medical Center to engage the medical community, iv) discussing weekly research results with the mentor to support the experimental, theoretical, and research conduct development of the PI, v) continued co-teaching of a journal club with the mentor to facilitate scientific literacy in the area of DNA nanotechnology, vi) continued teaching of an upper-division Biomaterials course to reinforce learning via teaching, vii) participating in conferences such as the Materials Research Society (MRS) and Foundations of Nanoscience (FNANO) to network, and viii) writing proposals alongside and independent of the mentor.
235 \nABSTRACT: Candidate and Environment: Dr. Peter Fuerst will conduct the research contained within this\nproposal at Washington State University. Washington State University is an ideal environment in which to\nconduct advanced biomedical research using mouse models and in which to advance a research program.\nResearch Proposal: The research we propose will use mouse models to identify the molecular mechanisms\nunderpinning development of the retina. The mouse models, all developed by the applicant, include a\nconditional allele of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, as well as an allelic series of mouse\nmutant Dscam strains and a null allele of the Dscam homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1). Dscam and Dscam-\nLike1 are essential for normal development of the nervous system and Dscam is proposed to contribute to the\npathology of Down syndrome. In the retina, Dscam is required for soma mosaic spacing, regulation of cell\nnumber and neurite arborization and lamination. Our published results concerning Dscam and Dscaml1 are\nthe first demonstrations of mutations found to ablate mosaic patterning and the first genes shown to mediate\nisoneuronal and heteroneuronal repulsion in vertebrates. Specific Aims: We propose to use the Dscam and\nDscaml1 mutant mouse models to discover mechanisms underpinning development of the retina and to probe\nthe function of Dscam in the mammalian nervous system. This will be accomplished by testing the following\nhypotheses detailed in this research proposal. Hypotheses: 1) We will test the hypothesis that DSCAM\nmediates multiple distinct functions using an allelic series and conditional allele of Dscam mouse mutant lines\nto genetically and temporally isolate Dscam-dependent developmental processes. 2) We will test the\nhypothesis that DSCAM mediates adhesion between cell types and repulsion within cell types and that\nDSCAM activity in the retina is mediated by homophillic interactions and not by a ligand-receptor mechanism\nby using a conditional allele coupled to cell type specific deletion. 3) We will test the hypothesis that Dscam\nand Dscaml1 regulate normal developmental cell death. Long-term goals: This research will uncover\nfundamental aspects of neural organization and provide the funding necessary for Dr. Fuerst to establish a\nsuccessful academic career focused on hypothesis driven biomedical research.\n Significance: Neurite arborization, regulation of cell number and soma mosaic spacing are\nfundamental aspects of neurodevelopment that are not currently well understood at the molecular level in\nvertebrates. Our preliminary research indicates that DSCAM plays a vital role in mediating these processes in\nthe mammalian nervous system. Identifying mechanisms by which DSCAM functions using a series of mouse\nmutant alleles and a conditional allele will contribute to our understanding of nervous system development and\nthe causation of disorders associated with neural dysgenesis and also contribute valuable research models to\nthe neuroscience community.
236 \nABSTRACT: Candidate and Environment: Dr. Peter Fuerst will conduct the research contained within this\nproposal at Washington State University. Washington State University is an ideal environment in which to\nconduct advanced biomedical research using mouse models and in which to advance a research program.\nResearch Proposal: The research we propose will use mouse models to identify the molecular mechanisms\nunderpinning development of the retina. The mouse models, all developed by the applicant, include a\nconditional allele of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, Dscam, as well as an allelic series of mouse\nmutant Dscam strains and a null allele of the Dscam homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1). Dscam and Dscam-\nLike1 are essential for normal development of the nervous system and Dscam is proposed to contribute to the\npathology of Down syndrome. In the retina, Dscam is required for soma mosaic spacing, regulation of cell\nnumber and neurite arborization and lamination. Our published results concerning Dscam and Dscaml1 are\nthe first demonstrations of mutations found to ablate mosaic patterning and the first genes shown to mediate\nisoneuronal and heteroneuronal repulsion in vertebrates. Specific Aims: We propose to use the Dscam and\nDscaml1 mutant mouse models to discover mechanisms underpinning development of the retina and to probe\nthe function of Dscam in the mammalian nervous system. This will be accomplished by testing the following\nhypotheses detailed in this research proposal. Hypotheses: 1) We will test the hypothesis that DSCAM\nmediates multiple distinct functions using an allelic series and conditional allele of Dscam mouse mutant lines\nto genetically and temporally isolate Dscam-dependent developmental processes. 2) We will test the\nhypothesis that DSCAM mediates adhesion between cell types and repulsion within cell types and that\nDSCAM activity in the retina is mediated by homophillic interactions and not by a ligand-receptor mechanism\nby using a conditional allele coupled to cell type specific deletion. 3) We will test the hypothesis that Dscam\nand Dscaml1 regulate normal developmental cell death. Long-term goals: This research will uncover\nfundamental aspects of neural organization and provide the funding necessary for Dr. Fuerst to establish a\nsuccessful academic career focused on hypothesis driven biomedical research.\n Significance: Neurite arborization, regulation of cell number and soma mosaic spacing are\nfundamental aspects of neurodevelopment that are not currently well understood at the molecular level in\nvertebrates. Our preliminary research indicates that DSCAM plays a vital role in mediating these processes in\nthe mammalian nervous system. Identifying mechanisms by which DSCAM functions using a series of mouse\nmutant alleles and a conditional allele will contribute to our understanding of nervous system development and\nthe causation of disorders associated with neural dysgenesis and also contribute valuable research models to\nthe neuroscience community.
237 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT (of the Awarded Parent Grant)\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene transfer.\nBacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics, including\nthose that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development of strategies\nthat can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary processes that allow\nbacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired resistance plasmids often\ndo not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that single mutations in the bacterial\nhost, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others also identified critical mutations\nin chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions in bacteria may therefore be key\nto the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids. Unfortunately, the molecular\nmechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid persistence are unknown. Importantly,\nwe also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the bacteria to other MDR plasmids that they\nacquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred to as increased plasmid permissiveness).\nThis suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve as stable repositories for multiple MDR\nplasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of resistance genes. This possibility has never\nbeen tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution and mathematical modeling, we propose to\ntest the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-adapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to\ngreater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can expand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance\ntraits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are linked to the persistence of newly acquired\nMDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This will be done through achieving the following\nSpecific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid permissiveness after host/plasmid\ncoevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host adaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2)\ndetermine the effects of plasmid persistence and permissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug\nresistance; (3) determine the molecular mechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from\nmutations in accessory helicases. If our hypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one\nplasmid could lead to improved persistence of other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in\nthe same cell. Our findings will aid the development of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of\nantibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.
238 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
239 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
240 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
241 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: Evolution of Plasmid Host Range The dramatic spread of antibiotic resistance is a crisis in the treatment of infectious diseases that affect humans. Although plasmid-mediated gene transfer is now recognized as an important means for the spread of drug resistance, very little is known about the range of hosts to which plasmids can transfer, or if this range evolves over time. While some plasmids only transfer and stably replicate in a narrow range of hosts, so-called broad-host-range plasmids can transfer and replicate in distantly related bacteria, thereby shuffling resistance genes across taxonomic barriers. Understanding the features of the broad-host-range plasmids responsible for their ability to function in a wide range of bacterial hosts is therefore of both medical and fundamental interest. The research proposed builds on and extends the findings of previous studies, which showed that various mutations in the plasmid encoded Rep protein (TrfA) required for plasmid replication are sufficient to alter the host range of a broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid. The long-term goal of this project is to gain insight into the evolutionary patterns of host range shifts of drug resistance plasmids. Here we will explore the general mechanisms and dynamics of plasmid host range evolution by integrating data from experimental evolution of BHR and narrow host range (NHR) plasmids with statistical modeling of plasmid evolutionary dynamics. In this multi-disciplinary study, we propose to address the following specific aims: (1) Determine the evolutionary mechanisms of host range shifts by BHR and NHR plasmids; (2) Develop statistical models and simulations of plasmid evolutionary dynamics; (3) Determine the molecular mechanisms of plasmid host range shifts. In the future, this fundamental knowledge will support research into drug therapies based on restricting the horizontal transfer or stable replication of drug resistance or virulence plasmids in human pathogens. Restricting the spread and persistence of unwanted plasmids is a novel and promising avenue in the fight against human pathogens that could very well be part of future strategies to avoid escalation of this health crisis. \n \n
242 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
243 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: Evolution of Plasmid Host Range The dramatic spread of antibiotic resistance is a crisis in the treatment of infectious diseases that affect humans. Although plasmid-mediated gene transfer is now recognized as an important means for the spread of drug resistance, very little is known about the range of hosts to which plasmids can transfer, or if this range evolves over time. While some plasmids only transfer and stably replicate in a narrow range of hosts, so-called broad-host-range plasmids can transfer and replicate in distantly related bacteria, thereby shuffling resistance genes across taxonomic barriers. Understanding the features of the broad-host-range plasmids responsible for their ability to function in a wide range of bacterial hosts is therefore of both medical and fundamental interest. The research proposed builds on and extends the findings of previous studies, which showed that various mutations in the plasmid encoded Rep protein (TrfA) required for plasmid replication are sufficient to alter the host range of a broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid. The long-term goal of this project is to gain insight into the evolutionary patterns of host range shifts of drug resistance plasmids. Here we will explore the general mechanisms and dynamics of plasmid host range evolution by integrating data from experimental evolution of BHR and narrow host range (NHR) plasmids with statistical modeling of plasmid evolutionary dynamics. In this multi-disciplinary study, we propose to address the following specific aims: (1) Determine the evolutionary mechanisms of host range shifts by BHR and NHR plasmids; (2) Develop statistical models and simulations of plasmid evolutionary dynamics; (3) Determine the molecular mechanisms of plasmid host range shifts. In the future, this fundamental knowledge will support research into drug therapies based on restricting the horizontal transfer or stable replication of drug resistance or virulence plasmids in human pathogens. Restricting the spread and persistence of unwanted plasmids is a novel and promising avenue in the fight against human pathogens that could very well be part of future strategies to avoid escalation of this health crisis. \n \n
244 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT\nMany leading human health organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease\nControl and Prevention (CDC) have declared that the increased prevalence of bacterial pathogens that are\nresistant to multiple antibiotics is a significant human health crisis. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant\n(MDR) pathogens is largely due to the sharing of resistance genes by plasmid mediated horizontal gene\ntransfer. Bacterial plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can confer resistance to a variety of antibiotics,\nincluding those that are considered to be “drugs of last resort”. Our long-term goal is to aid the development\nof strategies that can slow the spread of antibiotic resistance by gaining insight into the co-evolutionary\nprocesses that allow bacteria to improve the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids. Newly acquired\nresistance plasmids often do not persist in the absence of antibiotics, but we and others have shown that\nsingle mutations in the bacterial host, the plasmid, or both can rapidly improve this persistence. We and others\nalso identified critical mutations in chromosomally encoded accessory helicases. Plasmid-helicase interactions\nin bacteria may therefore be key to the ability of bacterial pathogens to retain newly acquired MDR plasmids.\nUnfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that explain the positive effects of these mutations on plasmid\npersistence are unknown. Importantly, we also showed for the first time that these mutations pre-adapt the\nbacteria to other MDR plasmids that they acquire later in time, leading to their enhanced persistence (referred\nto as increased plasmid permissiveness). This suggests that bacteria with increased permissiveness can serve\nas stable repositories for multiple MDR plasmids, eventually generating strains with an expanded arsenal of\nresistance genes. This possibility has never been tested. Using molecular techniques, experimental evolution\nand mathematical modeling, we propose to test the following hypotheses: (i) chromosomal mutations can pre-\nadapt bacteria to other plasmids, leading to greater plasmid permissiveness; (ii) plasmid permissiveness can\nexpand the spectrum of antibiotic resistance traits within a bacterial species; and (iii) accessory helicases are\nlinked to the persistence of newly acquired MDR plasmids across a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This\nwill be done through achieving the following Specific Aims: (1) Test the generality of (i) increased plasmid\npermissiveness after host/plasmid coevolution, and (ii) helicase mutations as a mechanism of host\nadaptation to novel MDR plasmids.; (2) determine the effects of plasmid persistence and\npermissiveness on the emergence of expanded drug resistance; (3) determine the molecular\nmechanism of plasmid cost amelioration resulting from mutations in accessory helicases. If our\nhypotheses are supported by our data, mutations that stabilize one plasmid could lead to improved persistence\nof other plasmids, and expand the arsenal of resistance genes in the same cell. Our findings will aid the\ndevelopment of new therapies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.!
245 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Description With growing awareness of how pathogen adaptation impacts the battle against infectious disease, mathematical models of adaptation have become central to this fight. However, most of the theoretical work focuses on general patterns of adaptation, while the empirical work provides rich details specific to the pathogen under study. For those who wish to predict adaptation of a specific pathogen, the extensive biological information cannot be easily incorporated into existing models. The long term goal of this research is to develop a flexible framework for predicting evolution that is rich enough to accommodate empirical data from organisms that evolve in real time. The 'GPF' model proposed here builds on the knowledge that genotypes (G) affect phenotypes (P) and phenotypes affect fitness (F). This framework traces back to Fisher's geometric model, which serves as a baseline for comparison. There are three Aims. Aim 1: Test three key assumptions of the geometric model on viral phenotypes and fitness. In the G to P part of the GPF model, the assumptions that mutations show universal pleiotropy at the phenotype level and that phenotypic effects of mutations are additive at the phenotype level are tested. In mapping P to F, the model departs from the standard assumption of a multidimensional Gaussian function by allowing the relationship to emerge from a basic life-cycle model with observable phenotypes as predictors of fitness. These assumptions will be tested using a well-developed viral model system for which a large library of previously observed adaptive mutations is available. A subset of mutations will be engineered into single, double, and triple mutation combinations and assaying each at six phenotypic traits plus fitness. Aim 2: Synthesize the results of Aim 1 into a unified model, make predictions about adaptations and test them. Biologically reasonable modifications will be evaluated through model selection. Mathematical simulations under the refined GPF model will be used to make quantitative predictions about important general properties of adaptive walks, and these properties will be tested by carrying out adaptation in the laboratory. The model will be evaluated based on how close predictions match observed data. Aim 3: Use the unified model to design genomes and test predicted fitness. In this Aim, the GPF model will be refocused from general patterns to specific predictions about the phenotypes and fitnesses. Multistep genotypes will be engineered from the single mutations tested in Aim 1, their phenotypes and fitnesses assayed, and the results compared to predictions. Next, the growth environment will be altered in a specific way and the GPF model will have the more challenging task of predicting what multistep genotypes will have high fitness in the novel environment. These genotypes will be engineered, and their fitness assayed and compared to the GPF predictions and to laboratory adaptations in the novel environment. Finally, the predictive successes and failures will be critically evaluated to shed light on how future research can advance the larger goal of producing a predictive model of microbial evolution useful to the study of human pathogens. \n \n
246 Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
247 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Description With growing awareness of how pathogen adaptation impacts the battle against infectious disease, mathematical models of adaptation have become central to this fight. However, most of the theoretical work focuses on general patterns of adaptation, while the empirical work provides rich details specific to the pathogen under study. For those who wish to predict adaptation of a specific pathogen, the extensive biological information cannot be easily incorporated into existing models. The long term goal of this research is to develop a flexible framework for predicting evolution that is rich enough to accommodate empirical data from organisms that evolve in real time. The 'GPF' model proposed here builds on the knowledge that genotypes (G) affect phenotypes (P) and phenotypes affect fitness (F). This framework traces back to Fisher's geometric model, which serves as a baseline for comparison. There are three Aims. Aim 1: Test three key assumptions of the geometric model on viral phenotypes and fitness. In the G to P part of the GPF model, the assumptions that mutations show universal pleiotropy at the phenotype level and that phenotypic effects of mutations are additive at the phenotype level are tested. In mapping P to F, the model departs from the standard assumption of a multidimensional Gaussian function by allowing the relationship to emerge from a basic life-cycle model with observable phenotypes as predictors of fitness. These assumptions will be tested using a well-developed viral model system for which a large library of previously observed adaptive mutations is available. A subset of mutations will be engineered into single, double, and triple mutation combinations and assaying each at six phenotypic traits plus fitness. Aim 2: Synthesize the results of Aim 1 into a unified model, make predictions about adaptations and test them. Biologically reasonable modifications will be evaluated through model selection. Mathematical simulations under the refined GPF model will be used to make quantitative predictions about important general properties of adaptive walks, and these properties will be tested by carrying out adaptation in the laboratory. The model will be evaluated based on how close predictions match observed data. Aim 3: Use the unified model to design genomes and test predicted fitness. In this Aim, the GPF model will be refocused from general patterns to specific predictions about the phenotypes and fitnesses. Multistep genotypes will be engineered from the single mutations tested in Aim 1, their phenotypes and fitnesses assayed, and the results compared to predictions. Next, the growth environment will be altered in a specific way and the GPF model will have the more challenging task of predicting what multistep genotypes will have high fitness in the novel environment. These genotypes will be engineered, and their fitness assayed and compared to the GPF predictions and to laboratory adaptations in the novel environment. Finally, the predictive successes and failures will be critically evaluated to shed light on how future research can advance the larger goal of producing a predictive model of microbial evolution useful to the study of human pathogens. \n \n
248 Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
249 Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
250 Project Summary/Abstract\nVaccines are a remarkably effective way to stem the threat posed by infectious diseases. Methods that allow\nrapid development of vaccines are vital. Synonymous recoding of viral genomes is a recently developed, general,\nand highly promising strategy for producing live attenuated vaccines. From an antigenic perspective, the method\nis ideal because it leaves the amino acid sequence of the viral proteins identical to the circulating pathogenic\nform. A number of viruses have been attenuated by recoding with non-preferred codons or codon pairs, and at\nleast eight studies have shown protective immunization of mice. Despite its demonstrated success, there are\nfundamental gaps in our knowledge: 1) no effort has been made to compare alternative recoding strategies\nwithin the same virus in the same study; 2) several potential methods of synonymous recoding have not been\ntested at all; 3) the way in which attenuation is affected by the combination of multiple recoded genes is not\nknown; and 4) most importantly, it is unresolved whether viruses attenuated by synonymous recoding are robust\nto evolutionary recovery. This proposal tackles these gaps through three Specific Aims. Aim 1: Identify methods\nof synonymous recoding and associated sequence features that can be used to generate viral genomes with a\ntargeted level of attenuation. This aim includes developing empirical measures of individual codon and codon\npair effects on translation rate to guide attenuation. It will also test metrics that have not previously been used\nfor synonymous recoding. Aim 2: Extend models of adaptive evolution to determine if the attenuating effects,\nwithin and among genes and transcripts, combine in additive or non-additive ways. Aim 3: Determine if some\nstrategies of attenuation are more robust to recovery than others. This aim will focus on viruses attenuated in\nmultiple regions and by multiple methods, and also determine if some recovery pathways are broadly beneficial.\nThe project takes advantage of a bacteriophage model system with well-developed tools for genome\nmanipulation and methods for rapid experimental evolution relative to eukaryotic viral systems (i.e., a hundred\ngenerations per day at very large population sizes). Achieving these three aims will yield approaches that can\nbe applied to other systems for designing viruses with targeted levels of attenuation that are robust to\nevolutionary recovery. This research is a critical step toward the long-term goal of achieving a general strategy\nfor fighting infectious diseases by precision design of live vaccines that do not re-evolve virulence when used in\nhumans.
251 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects. Ramifications of HCMV infection are primarily observed in the central nervous system (CNS) and include hearing loss, vision loss, microcephaly and mental retardation. Despite considerable effort, the underlying mechanisms causing these CNS defects remain unknown. Our previously funded studies of HCMV interaction with the host cell DNA and its DNA repair machinery have identified three areas of particular interest to pursue. First, HCMV is one of only two viruses known to inflict site-specific chromosomal damage to the host DNA. Fine mapping of the chromosome 1q breaksites has revealed two genes, nidogen 1 (NID1) and myelin protein zero (MPZ), linked to the development of hearing loss in infected infants. Second, studies on DNA repair in HCMV infected permissive fibroblasts found that, although DNA damage responses were activated during infection, they were not completed. We suspect that compromised repair of specific and nonspecific DNA damage may play a role in the development of HCMV-induced birth defects. Third, we have recently begun working with a promising new in vitro model, the Neural Progenitor Cell (NPCs), and its derivatives. These cells, derived from post mortem neonatal brain tissue, provide a unique opportunity to investigate HCMV infection in a model system directly relevant to the human fetal CNS. NPCs, their glial derivatives, and the large majority of their neuronal derivatives, are fully permissive and suffer a lytic infection. However, a subpopulation of differentiated neurons, although permissive, exhibit extended viral antigen expression and release of virions. The long term goal of our work is to translate the information gained from studying infection in vitro, into understanding the development of CNS defects in congenitally infected infants. We propose examining clinical specimens for confirmatory evidence of the results found in our in vitro experiments. We have procured sample archival brain and auditory system tissues from neonates that have succumbed to HCMV infection, which will feature prominently in our proposed experiments. We will advance our long term goal with the testing of four hypotheses: 1) that a viral protein (or proteins) induces the site-specific breaks on Chromosome 1q; 2) that the compromised repair of HCMV-induced breaks causes downregulation of breaksite-encoded genes; 3) that HCMV disrupts the cellular DNA repair machinery's ability to repair non-specific damage in neural cells; and 4) that HCMV infection within the CNS affects expression of specific genes involved in differentiation, migration and cell function in NPCs and long-term neurons. The experiments described in this proposal will provide a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of HCMV-induced birth defects and contribute to the development of strategies to interrupt these mechanisms and, hopefully, prevent their frequently devastating consequences. \n \n
252 \nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects. Ramifications of HCMV infection are primarily observed in the central nervous system (CNS) and include hearing loss, vision loss, microcephaly and mental retardation. Despite considerable effort, the underlying mechanisms causing these CNS defects remain unknown. Our previously funded studies of HCMV interaction with the host cell DNA and its DNA repair machinery have identified three areas of particular interest to pursue. First, HCMV is one of only two viruses known to inflict site-specific chromosomal damage to the host DNA. Fine mapping of the chromosome 1q breaksites has revealed two genes, nidogen 1 (NID1) and myelin protein zero (MPZ), linked to the development of hearing loss in infected infants. Second, studies on DNA repair in HCMV infected permissive fibroblasts found that, although DNA damage responses were activated during infection, they were not completed. We suspect that compromised repair of specific and nonspecific DNA damage may play a role in the development of HCMV-induced birth defects. Third, we have recently begun working with a promising new in vitro model, the Neural Progenitor Cell (NPCs), and its derivatives. These cells, derived from post mortem neonatal brain tissue, provide a unique opportunity to investigate HCMV infection in a model system directly relevant to the human fetal CNS. NPCs, their glial derivatives, and the large majority of their neuronal derivatives, are fully permissive and suffer a lytic infection. However, a subpopulation of differentiated neurons, although permissive, exhibit extended viral antigen expression and release of virions. The long term goal of our work is to translate the information gained from studying infection in vitro, into understanding the development of CNS defects in congenitally infected infants. We propose examining clinical specimens for confirmatory evidence of the results found in our in vitro experiments. We have procured sample archival brain and auditory system tissues from neonates that have succumbed to HCMV infection, which will feature prominently in our proposed experiments. We will advance our long term goal with the testing of four hypotheses: 1) that a viral protein (or proteins) induces the site-specific breaks on Chromosome 1q; 2) that the compromised repair of HCMV-induced breaks causes downregulation of breaksite-encoded genes; 3) that HCMV disrupts the cellular DNA repair machinery's ability to repair non-specific damage in neural cells; and 4) that HCMV infection within the CNS affects expression of specific genes involved in differentiation, migration and cell function in NPCs and long-term neurons. The experiments described in this proposal will provide a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of HCMV-induced birth defects and contribute to the development of strategies to interrupt these mechanisms and, hopefully, prevent their frequently devastating consequences. \n \n
253 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
254 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
255 The University of Idaho will continue the IDeA INBRE Program by sponsoring statewide biomedical research at the BS/MS-granting institutions and two- and four-year colleges. With previous funding an unprecedented Network of research and educational collaborations among ten institutions in Idaho has been built. Successes include a doubling in the number of undergraduates pursing science and health-related careers (~1600 in 2004 to >3000 in 2008) and a >20-fold return on an eight year, ~$1.2 million seed grant investment that resulted in 65 extramural applications and over $26 million in new awards. The renewal proposes to continue/enhance successful programs to catalyze Idaho's transformation to competitiveness through core laboratory facilities, support services, faculty research, student educational and research opportunities, and community outreach. Also, prospects for collaboration across the Western IDeA region and with a CTSA are proposed. "Sustainability" strategies and institutional commitments are in place to carry on the fundamental support for research infrastructure and biomedical research opportunities when the INBRE Program sunsets. The proposal has Five Specific Aims: 1. To strengthen Idaho's biomedical research infrastructure and expertise by building on the established INBRE network with the scientific theme of "Cell Signaling"; 2. To provide support to Idaho faculty, post-doctoral fellows, and graduate students to increase the research base and capacity; 3. To provide research opportunities to Idaho undergraduate students and serve as a pipeline for these students to continue in health research careers; 4. To enhance the science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce; and 5. To expand Idaho research opportunities across the Western IDeA Region. The Aims will be met with an Administrative Core and Statewide Steering Committee that bring talented leaders representing all institutions together to guide the Network; an External Advisory Committee with expertise in "Cell Signaling", sustaining productive research programs, and higher education; and a Bioinformatics Core. Opportunities for faculty research at various participation levels will result in numerous intra- and inter-institution collaborations. Research faculty will be held to productivity standards and much emphasis will be placed on mentoring so that the best environment will be created for individuals to meet their goals. Finally, opportunities for students to participate in biomedical research will include undergraduate 2-week immersion labs, 10-week summer fellowships, academic year research, graduate student stipends, post-doctoral fellowships; and activities for K-12 science education.
256 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed: \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure. \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions. \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states. \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce. \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region. \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review. \r\n \r\n
257 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
258 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
259 Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
260 PROJECT SUMMARY\nThis Idaho INBRE Administrative Supplement will establish a collaboration between an INBRE-Developmental\nResearch Program Investigator, S Long, and an IDeA co-funded R01 principle investigator, D Mitchell. Dr.\nLong is a computer scientist with expertise in machine learning and computer-assisted image analyses. Dr.\nMitchell is a cell biologist/immunologist with expertise in retinal development/regeneration. The project is titled,\n‘Quantitative image analysis to determine the function of selected microglia-expressed genes in retinal\ndevelopment and regeneration’. There are three Specific Aims:\n Specific Aim 1. Develop a collaboration between the two investigators to enhance both projects and\n increase undergraduate student research opportunities.\n Specific Aim 2: Determine the requirement for selected microglia-expressed genes in retinal\n development and regeneration.\n Specific Aim 3: Develop an image analysis pipeline to support zebrafish retinal analyses.\nMicroglia are the resident phagocytes in the central nervous system and engulf and degrade pathogens,\napoptotic cells, and debris. In addition, these cells may be involved in retinal degenerative disease, injury,\nhomeostasis, development, regeneration, and/or crosstalk with Müller glia. The Mitchell laboratory did\ntranscriptome analysis of microglia/macrophage populations isolated from regenerating zebrafish retinas. From\nthis, a shortlist of five microglia-expressed genes of interest are identified. Zebrafish mutant lines are, or will\nbe, established for each gene. Real-time live confocal imaging will be done on wild-type, heterozygous, and\nhomozygous zebrafish lines to record microglial dynamics in developing or regenerating retinas. The Long\nlaboratory will develop an image analysis pipeline to automate the interpretation of the large datasets from\nthese experiments. The analyses will quantify microglia numbers and morphology, cell death, Müller glial\nproliferation, hypertrophy, migration of daughter cells, and expression of neural progenitor markers. The\nmachine learning techniques developed by the Long laboratory will relieve the bottleneck and potential biases\nin analysis of large image datasets from the Mitchell laboratory and allow rapid testing of microglia gene\nfunction. Strong preliminary data and investigator expertise indicate that this team will complete the proposed\nwork. The Long-Mitchell collaboration will provide a continuum of research opportunities for students by\ndelivering broadened student research experiences. Dr. Long has the expertise and the environment to propel\nstudents into Data Science, a needed complement for modern biological research. Undergraduate students will\nbe supported in both the Long laboratory at the primarily undergraduate institution, Lewis-Clark State College,\nand the Mitchell laboratory at the research-intensive, University of Idaho.
261 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
262 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
263 PROJECT SUMMARY\nThe goal of the Idaho INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to perform\nand sustain biomedical research. This Team Science Supplement, Dynamic Cellular Events in Assembling the\nVertebrate Eye, will advance this goal by bringing together three University of Idaho (UI) investigators with\ncomplementary expertise in developmental neurobiology, immunology/glial biology/imaging, and image\nanalysis/computer vision to address a key knowledge gap in biomedical science. Project co-directors will focus\non the development of the vertebrate eye, and therefore will be directly in alignment with the Cell Signaling\nscientific theme of the Idaho INBRE-4 Program, as this organ carries out numerous developmental and functional\nsignaling activities. This Supplement project will pursue the spatiotemporal dynamics of relationships among\nneuronal progenitors, neurons, glia, and non-nervous system cell types using live confocal imaging of developing\nzebrafish embryos, and novel means of image/video analysis. The project will generate reference static and\ndynamic atlases of vertebrate eye development over the time of retinal development/differentiation and create\nimage and video analysis tools for the vision science community for systematic and quantitative comparison of\neye phenotypes. These resources will be made publicly accessible and interactive and will utilize the INBRE Data\nScience Core facility at the UI. This Core and its infrastructure were or are supported by IDeA (COBRE and\nINBRE) awards and institutionally by the UI. The three project co-directors, DL Stenkamp, DM Mitchell, and L\nNguyen all have strong research records and have mentored numerous trainees. This Supplement furthers their\nteam approach and will provide preliminary data for future collaborative studies and competitive grant proposals,\ncomplying with the goal of this funding Supplement. This team science approach will benefit each investigator\nthrough their collective effort and bring new perspectives to address this key knowledge gap in developmental\nbiology. The project research questions do not duplicate those currently being pursued by the parent Idaho\nINBRE-4 Program award. This Team Science Supplement to INBRE-4 encourages competitiveness that will\ncontinue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
264 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
265 Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
266 Project Summary/Abstract\nThis INBRE administrative supplement expands the capacity of Idaho to conduct women’s health research.\nThis proposed research is within the scope of the parent INBRE award #P20 GM103408. It fits within the broad\nand inclusive Idaho INBRE scientific theme of ‘cell signaling’, develops investigator research capacity, and\nprovides research opportunities to capable students. The study focuses on poor maternal lactation\nperformance that often accompanies diabetes mellitus. This metabolic disease occurs in 6-9% of pregnancies\nin the U.S and disproportionately affects rural populations and racial and ethnic minorities, which make up\nroughly 20% of Idaho’s population. The project hypothesis is that diabetes downregulates key genes that\nreduce mammary gland proteins involved in milk synthesis and affects mitochondrial biogenesis and\nrespiration. Mitochondrial changes can lead to impaired oxidative metabolism, oxidative stress, and\nconsequently poor lactation performance. The fundamental knowledge gained from the proposed project may\nlead to effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes for mothers and infants.\nWorldwide, breastfeeding rates continue to lag behind American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health\nOrganization targets. Low breastfeeding rates are a public health concern, with consequences for both infant\nand maternal health. A delay in the onset of milk production and low milk supply often occur with gestational,\ntype 1, and type 2 diabetes. It is unclear how maternal diabetes impairs lactation performance; however\nemerging evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a likely driver of these effects. Mitochondrial\ndysfunction and consequent oxidative stress in multiple tissues have been linked to diabetes pathology.\nFurther, optimal mitochondrial function enables provisioning of needed energy and substrates for milk\nsynthesis. The hypothesis will be tested in two specific aims. The first aim will identify structural and functional\nchanges in mammary mitochondria associated with diabetes. Experiments will use a rat model of gestational\ndiabetes compared to age-matched control rats. Milk volume and composition will be analyzed as metrics of\nlactation performance. Disparities in mitochondrial morphology and density will be imaged by electron\nmicroscopy. Differences in mitochondrial function will be measured by respiration and oxidative stress\ndifferences in mammary tissues. The second aim will investigate the molecular pathways underlying adverse\neffects of gestational diabetes on lactation performance. Metabolic disparities will be identified by quantitative\nRT-PCR and label-free shotgun proteomics. This study will increase the number of students training in\nwomen’s health-related biomedical sciences and provide preliminary data for an R01 proposal. The long-term\ngoal will be to develop targeted interventions for poor lactation to improve infant and maternal health.
267 PROJECT SUMMARY (30-lines)\nThis Idaho INBRE Program Administrative Supplement will fund a surveillance study of severe\nacute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a unique study population. It will\nleverage the IDeA-built advanced-level bioinformatics infrastructure at the University of Idaho to\nsequence and analyze the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state. Idaho is primarily\nrural, poor, and geographically remote. The state ranks at or near the bottom among all states in\nthe U.S. in health, education, socioeconomic status, and the number of primary-care physicians\nper capita. The study population will include the University of Idaho and the surrounding region.\nThe University of Idaho has the only repository of SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates in northern\nIdaho. Currently, there are 1,782 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and based on projections, this\nnumber will increase to >2,400 over the next months; 2,100 viral genomes will be sequenced,\nassembled, and coupled with metadata to determine associations with specific times\n(travel/holidays), gender, and age groups. This data will be used in collaboration with the Idaho\nDepartment of Health & Welfare and the COBRE in Matrix in Biology to track the pandemic in\nrural communities. The entire northern Idaho region is critically missing from the state’s\nsequencing strategy as almost no commercial labs or hospitals testing for SARS-CoV-2 have\nsaved positive samples. The proposal has three specific aims. Specific Aim 1 will sequence\nSARS-CoV-2 genomes from the unique Idaho study population and identify variants present\nover time. Specific Aim 2 will determine if SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with outbreak\nevents, specific times, and/or statewide travel by a highly mobile university student sub-\npopulation undergoing mandatory testing. Specific Aim 3 will determine how SARS-CoV-2\nvariants in the unique Idaho study population are distributed by gender and age groups. The\nmandatory university testing removes bias from a large subset of the positive samples and\nrepresents a unique opportunity to monitor the appearance and spread of new variants.\nPrevious and ongoing positive viral isolates are or will be appropriately stored and cataloged.\nCDC/NIH-recommended protocols, standards, and resources for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing and\ndata processing will be used. These analyses will contribute to our understanding of the\ndynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mutation, and the emergence of variants. SARS-CoV-2\nvariants are a major public health concern as they may increase infection rate, increase disease\nseverity, and/or undermine immunization strategies. This work will advance and improve SARS-\nCoV-2 variant surveillance in Idaho.
268 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
269 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
270 Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
271 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed: \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure. \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions. \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states. \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce. \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region. \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review. \r\n \r\n
272 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
273 Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
274 PROJECT SUMMARY\nThis Idaho INBRE Program Administrative Supplement will fund equipment that improves the\nhigh-performance computing infrastructure in our Data Science Core facility at the University of\nIdaho (UI). This equipment will enhance the accessibility and impact of this IDeA-built core in\nthe Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences (IIDS). The IIDS is the legacy of 20-years of NIH\nIDeA investment through both the INBRE and COBRE funding mechanisms and is now\nindependent from NIH direct support. IIDS is one of three sites across Idaho that together\ncomprise the Idaho INBRE Data Science Core and serves investigators statewide. In FY21,\nIIDS core facilities supported the research of 83 faculty and 190 trainees from 9 different\nColleges, 30 academic departments, and 10 centers and institutes. Of these 273 researchers,\n70% of them relied in some way on computational infrastructure. IIDS is also a nexus of\nstatewide collaboration, offering services to all Idaho INBRE Network institutions. IIDS houses\nstate-of-the-art equipment, high performance computing infrastructure, secure data storage, and\ntechnical expertise in bioinformatics, data science, and software engineering. The requested\nequipment purchase will upgrade and enhance the previous and ongoing NIH IDeA investments\nin Idaho infrastructure, equipment, and faculty/staff related to bioinformatics, high performance\ncomputing and data science. The addition represents necessary upgrades to our existing\ncapacity for secure data storage, large scale bioinformatics analyses, and hardware suitable for\nAI applications. We have experienced dramatic surges in demand for computation and data\nstorage and anticipate that this demand will grow further as Idaho INBRE research activity\nincreases. Our current data storage systems (900 Tb) are over 90% full and the proposed\nequipment will effectively double our capacity while simultaneously replacing aging equipment.\nIn addition, this equipment request will add critically needed capacity to accommodate the\nincrease in demand for genome assemblies using long read sequencing data from our Pac Bio\nsequel II. Finally, GPU cards will meet the growing demand for hardware suitable for deep\nlearning and other AI research, a capacity not currently available at other sites within the Idaho\nINBRE network. Collectively, this INBRE Administrative supplement will add important\nequipment to enhance the capabilities for biomedical researchers state-wide.
275 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed: \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure. \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions. \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states. \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce. \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region. \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review. \r\n \r\n
276 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed: \n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure. \n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions. \n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states. \n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce. \n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region. \nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review.
277 Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
278 This Administrative Supplement to University of Idaho INBRE Program establishes an INBRE-COBRE\nresearch collaboration. The project, Cellular Crosstalk Between Glioma and Blood-brain Barrier Endothelia,\nbrings together a neurobiologist and a cell physiologist to study glioblastoma multiforme, an aggressive brain\ncancer. The INBRE-Developmental Research Program Investigator, R. L. Daniels, and COBRE-project\ninvestigator, R.S. Beard will combine their talents and expertise. The partnership will enhance the quality of\nscientific work for both investigators and increase research opportunities for undergraduate students. Their\nlong-term goal is to better understand the cellular and molecular basis of glioblastoma multiforme pathobiology.\nBasic knowledge will contribute to future effective therapies. The hypothesis to be tested is that tumor-induced\nhypoxia initiates a positive-feedback loop between glioma cells and blood-brain barrier endothelia that\nultimately promotes tumor growth and migration. Strong preliminary data supports this idea. The Daniels\nlaboratory will use their expertise in culturing glioma cells and measuring cell signaling to test if hypoxic blood-\nbrain epithelia release enough ATP to induce glutamate discharge from recipient tumor cells. Conditioned\nmedia from blood-brain barrier endothelia grown for various times in normal or hypoxic conditions will be used\n(provided by the Beard laboratory). ATP in conditioned media will be measured with a colorimetric assay and\nthe media tested in glioma cultures. Calcium signaling coupled to glutamate secretion will be measured with a\nratiometric calcium probe and high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, the role of the P2X7 receptor\nin the mechanism of this cellular crosstalk will be confirmed using a receptor agonist, siRNA silencing, and\nmeasuring receptor gene expression. The Beard laboratory will use their expertise in culturing blood-brain\nbarrier endothelia and measuring cell signaling to test if glioma-derived glutamate directly induces barrier\ndysfunction. The contribution of glioma-derived glutamate to blood-brain barrier dysfunction by triggering the\nglutamate receptor, NMDAr, activation will be evaluated. The same cell culture models used in the Daniels\nlaboratory will be used except that mechanistic endpoints will evaluate endothelia barrier disruption in the\nhypoxic microenvironment surrounding necrotic cores in glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Comparable\nendothelia-injury studies will include challenging barrier endothelia monolayers with 1) glutamate, 2)\nconditioned medium from ATP-stimulated glioma, 3) conditioned medium from glioma cells or astrocytes grown\nunder hypoxic conditions, and 4) the direct effect on barrier dysfunction induced by co-culturing endothelia with\nglioma cells in hypoxic conditions using luminal/abluminal chambers of COL4-coated transwell inserts. The\nDaniels-Beard collaboration has strong institutional support and will use lDeA-built research core laboratories.\nBoth the Biomolecular Research Core and the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be used in this project. Boise\nState University supports this research with Core access and technical assistance
279 Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
280 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
281 Project Summary/Abstract Overall Component\nThe goal of the INBRE-4 Program is to continue to augment and strengthen Idaho's capacity to do and sustain\nbiomedical research. The Overall Component describes the organization and management plan for an\nAdministrative Core, a Bioinformatics Core, a Student Program, a Developmental Research Project\nProgram and an Alteration and Renovation request. These Components will assist investigators to obtain\nindependent grants and provide research experiences to students as a pipeline to health research careers.\nCell Signaling continues as the scientific theme because it promotes broad inclusion of developing or\nmultidisciplinary research. The PI/PD, CH Bohach, has 17+ years of experience in INBRE, an active\ndistinguished scientific research career, and serves on the executive committee of the National Association of\nIDeA PIs. The Program Coordinator, SA Minnich, has served since 2009. He has a strong record as a\nbiomedical researcher in Cell Signaling. The professional management team provides seasoned\nadministrative, financial, and evaluation support. The Program and Core Directors have the experience, time\ncommitment, resources, and authority to manage their respective scientific responsibilities. All 11 Network\ninstitutions are represented on the statewide Steering Committee. An expert External Advisory Committee,\nchosen for their mentoring, research expertise, grantsmanship, and administrative skills, will help identify best\npractices and guide the Program. Every participating institution has made up-front commitments to support\nINBRE-4. Such diverse institutional cooperation across Idaho was unprecedented before INBRE and has far-\nreaching positive significance for the INBRE Network to continue research capacity building. It demonstrates\nthat INBRE is maximizing the potential to catalyze institutional changes that improve biomedical research and\neducation on each campus. Undergraduate and graduate educational improvements will include science\ncourse/program modernization, integration of research and bioinformatics into the curriculum, scientific\nseminar programs, visiting experts, and purchase of key laboratory equipment. Resources will contribute to\nfaculty start-up funding and salary augmentation. A new alliance forges interstate opportunity with the Montana\nand New Mexico INBREs to reduce program redundancy, maximize Core use, expand faculty and student\nresearch and educational opportunities, and promote multidisciplinary research. INBRE-4 will continue to share\nand leverage resources with other INBREs, COBREs, CTRs, additional appropriate NIH programs (Bridges,\nSEPA, NRMN), NSF-EPSCoR, the Idaho STEM Action Center, Idaho industries, and National Labs. Our\ncommitment to continue and expand the Network through these interactions is evidenced by the 70 Letters of\nSupport and ten institutional MOUs that accompany this proposal. Each supporting document outlines\ncollaboration, partnering, and/or leveraging programmatic strengths. Overall, this INBRE-4 plan encourages\ncompetitiveness that will continue to have an enduring impact on biomedical research and training in Idaho.
282 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed: \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure. \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions. \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states. \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce. \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region. \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review. \r\n \r\n
283 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is a continuation of the IDeA INBRE in Idaho. It is a collaborative effort of research-intensive institutions to sponsor research and science educational opportunities with primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs) and community colleges. Ten Idaho institutions of higher education will participate. The requested funding will provide the next step to build the depth and critical mass of investigators at the PUI and to maintain the change in culture that has been initiated. Five Specific Aims are proposed: \r\n1. To build on the established Idaho research Network with the scientific focus of 'Cell Signaling'\r\nand strengthen the participating Idaho institutions' biomedical research expertise and infrastructure. \r\n2. To build and increase the research base and capacity by providing support to faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students at the participating Idaho institutions. \r\n3. To provide research opportunities for undergraduate students and serve as a "pipeline" for these students to continue in health research careers within IDeA states. \r\n4. To enhance science and technology knowledge of Idaho's workforce. \r\n5. To provide research opportunities across the Western IDeA region. \r\nThe project includes four Cores: Administrative, Bioinformatics, Research Mentoring, and Training, Workforce Development and Diversity. Also, a Developmental Research Project Program is outlined that plans for broad eligibility, a well-advertised opportunity, a competitive selection process, clear expectations, and careful guidance. The process will select the most promising faculty and provide an environment for their success and the success of their students by assuring appropriate research infrastructure, scientific mentoring, and a Network community. To help guide our progress, scientific, financial, and compliance oversight will be in place. We have an experienced Idaho INBRE administrative group, a highly qualified external advisory committee, a statewide steering committee, and well-planned summative and formative evaluations that include external-to-ldaho review. \r\n \r\n
284 Project Summary/Abstract\nThis INBRE administrative supplement expands the capacity of Idaho to conduct women’s health research.\nThe proposed research is within the scope of the parent INBRE award (P20 GM103408). The project fits within\nthe broad and inclusive Idaho INBRE scientific theme of ‘cell signaling,’ develops investigator research\ncapacity, and provides research opportunities to students. Compromised mental, cognitive, and emotional\nhealth is common in US women during the perinatal period, and those living in the rural frontier and remote\nWest are disproportionately affected. Factors underlying the high prevalence of these health disorders in\nwomen are complex, but poor diet is a suspected, prominent contributing factor. We propose a longitudinal,\nrepeated-measured, observational study of perinatal women living in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. We will\ntest the hypotheses that 1) perinatal dietary patterns of women in the rural frontier and remote West vary by\nkey demographic variables (e.g., household income) and 2) women consuming certain dietary patterns have\nbetter mental, cognitive, and emotional wellbeing assessments compared to those consuming other types of\ndiets. These hypotheses will be tested in two specific aims. The first aim will use validated tools to characterize\nacute and chronic perinatal dietary patterns of the study subjects and determine if variation in these patterns is\nrelated to household income and other key demographics. The second aim will use rigorous methodologies to\ndocument associations between dietary patterns and perinatal maternal mental health, cognitive function, and\nemotional wellbeing. Identification of dietary patterns associated with better maternal neurological health is the\nfirst step in designing interventions to facilitate positive behavior changes and improve prenatal care. As such,\nthis study will provide foundational data to inform the design of and sample size calculations for future studies.\nThis study will also increase the number of students with training in women’s health-related biomedical\nsciences and provide preliminary data for an R01 proposal. The long-term goal of our research program is to\nimplement nutrition education interventions to facilitate positive dietary and behavior changes and ultimately\nimprove nutritional and neurological health of women living in the rural frontier and remote West.
285 Project Summary\nThis Administrative Supplement to the University of Idaho INBRE Program establishes an INBRE-COBRE\nresearch collaboration. The INBRE-Developmental Research Program Investigator, D. Xu, and COBRE-project\ninvestigator, B. Morrison, will combine their talents and expertise on a project titled, Computer-aided drug\ndevelopment coupled with allergic response biology to identify novel therapeutics. The project brings together\nXu’s computational biochemistry expertise in computer-aided drug development and Morrison’s cell and\nmolecular biology expertise in cell culture and immunology to investigate allergic hyperresponsiveness\ntherapeutics. The partnership will enhance the quality of scientific work for both investigators and increase\nresearch opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students. Allergic hyperresponsiveness is a common\nand debilitating health issue that results in a reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Prime examples\ninclude asthma, affecting ~26 million people in the U.S. and atopic dermatitis, affecting >18 million people in\nthe U.S. The investigators are focusing their efforts on IL-13RA1, a key receptor in allergic responses for which\nthere is no efficacious drug to block the negative effects of receptor binding. Strong preliminary data supports\nthe project. Using two INBRE Data Science Core facilities, a high-power in silico screen of NIH compound\nlibraries coupled with cell culture validation they found 40 potential drug candidates that inhibit the IL-\n13RA1/IL-4R complex. Among these candidates they identified a ‘lead’ compound, nicotinamide hypoxanthine\ndinucleotide, referred to as Drug 4. Their goals will be to, first, expand the ‘hit-to-lead’ search using 2D\nmolecular fingerprint and 3D pharmacophore to screen ~1 million compounds against Drug 4. Identified\ncompounds will be optimized using 3D visualization driven ligand design, free energy-based quantitative\nstructure-activity relationship (QSAR), and computational absorption, disposition, metabolism, excretion and\ntoxicity (ADMET) analyses. Second, Drug 4 specificity for human IL-13RA1/IL-4R signaling will be determined\nin cell culture. Receptor signaling will be tested using a lentiviral shRNA knockdown approach in human A549\nlung carcinoma cells. If disrupted, inhibition of ligand binding will be confirmed in the mouse cell line 3T3-L1\nthat expresses and responds to both IL-13 and IL-4. This strategy will be applied for all drug candidates\nidentified. The Xu-Morrison collaboration has strong institutional support and will use lDeA-built research core\nlaboratories. Two INBRE-initiated research cores will be used in this project, the Biomolecular Research\nCenter at Boise State University and the Molecular Research Core Facility at Idaho State University.
286 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
287 \nSUMMARY/ABSTRACT\n The long-range objective of the proposed research is to determine the cellular and molecular events\nthat lead to the differentiation of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. We continue our emphasis on the\nroles of extracellular factors in regulating photoreceptor diversity and differentiation, as the work of the current\nfunding period has demonstrated the significance of these factors not only for photoreceptor differentiation, but\nalso for photoreceptor fate and for photoreceptor maintenance. Our work has provided in vivo evidence that\nthe extracellular factor retinoic acid (RA) influences rod vs. cone neurogenesis when supplied to late retinal\nprogenitors. In addition, RA selectively regulates the differentiation of specific photoreceptor populations when\nsupplied later in retinal development. These regulatory functions are distinct from those of the extracellular\nfactor Hedgehog (Hh), which is required for differentiation of all photoreceptor types, and which is required\nthroughout the lifespan for cone photoreceptor maintenance. In the proposed award period, we will build on\nthese studies through the evaluation of specific extracellular factors on photoreceptor fate and differentiation,\nexamining cell-selective effects on networks of genes involved in rod and cone determination, differentiation,\nand in photoreceptor pathology. We apply a combination of genetic, molecular, pharmacological, histological,\ncomputational, and bioinformatics tools to the zebrafish model. We will test the following hypotheses:1) that RA\nand Notch signaling control rod vs. cone fate; 2) that the microenvironmental factors RA and Hh selectively\nmanipulate cell-specific gene networks during photoreceptor differentiation; and 3) that limiting quantities of Hh\nsignaling throughout the lifespan will engage a photoreceptor damage response.
288 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
289 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
290 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
291 \r\nDESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the generation of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon plasticity and commitment of photoreceptor progenitors and precursors, with an emphasis on retinoid signaling as a mechanism for controlling photoreceptor fate. During the current funding period we demonstrated that retinoid treatment causes "dedicated cone progenitors" to generate rods, and that the tandemly duplicated zebrafish long wavelength-sensitive ("red" or L) opsin genes, LWS1 and LWS2 (orthologous to the human L/M cone opsin array) can be regulated by retinoids. These findings offer opportunities to probe the plasticity of photoreceptor progenitors, determine mechanisms through which differential expression of tandemly duplicated opsin genes is achieved, and suggest the enticing prospect of targeted pharmacological manipulation of photoreceptor phenotypes and ratios of these phenotypes in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Retinoid receptors are highly conserved among vertebrates. The zebrafish is exceptional for studies involving small molecules such as retinoids, and offers genetic resources for manipulation and measurement of retinoid signaling, and for identification of cone progenitors and specific photoreceptor types. Naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids already see use in the clinic and in photoreceptor differentiation protocols from human ES and iPS cells, making translational applications of our findings not only likely, but rapid. Our proposed studies will tet the central hypothesis that retinoid signaling via specific receptors is an endogenous regulatory mechanism underlying photoreceptor progenitor plasticity, and apply this information in the contexts of regenerative and stem cell approaches for photoreceptor replacement, with the following Specific Aims: 1. Identify and analyze retinoid signaling-dependent plastic states in cone progenitors. 2. Determine the mechanisms through which retinoid signaling regulates cone progenitor plasticity. 3. Determine the fates and plasticity of cone progenitors during retinal regeneration. These studies will reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity of photoreceptor progenitors, generating information necessary to manipulate photoreceptor phenotypic fates in concert with the application of cell replacement therapies for human retinal degenerations. \r\n \r\n
292 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
293 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development – Project Summary\n The long-range goal of this grant is to determine the cellular and molecular events that lead to the\ngeneration of specific cell types in the vertebrate retina. In this renewal we focus upon mechanisms regulating\ndifferential expression of the cone visual pigment genes on tandemly-replicated gene arrays. In humans\na tandemly-replicated array on the X chromosome consists of one long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) gene\nfollowed by 1-9 medium wavelength-sensitive (MWS) genes, which have diverged spectrally from LWS. This\nrecent replication has provided most humans with trichromatic color vision, because LWS, MWS, and SWS1\nopsins are uniquely expressed in separate cone populations. Heritable defects in the LWS/MWS array result in\nvarious forms of color blindness, X-linked retinal degenerations, and Bornholm Eye Disease, a cone\ndysfunction associated with high myopia. Insights into regulation of differential expression of LWS vs. MWS\nopsins could allow therapeutic manipulation of gene expression to treat these disorders. In addition, future\nregenerative approaches to the treatment of other retinal disorders that involve the loss of cones (age-related\nmacular degeneration; Stargardt’s disease) would ideally include similar in vitro or in vivo manipulations to\ngenerate cone phenotypes in ratios that support high-acuity color vision.\n The widely-accepted model for human LWS vs. MWS opsin regulation states that a stochastic event\nfavors an association of an upstream regulatory region with the LWS or most proximal MWS. However,\ntopographic patterns of the LWS:MWS ratio suggest that a nonrandom, trans regulatory mechanism may be\ninvolved. Pursuit of regulatory mechanisms has been challenging because within mammals, only primate\ngenomes contain tandem opsin arrays. In contrast, the genomes of teleost fish, including zebrafish, contain\nnumerous tandem arrays of opsins, which are the consequences of independent gene replication events and\nneofunctionalization. In our published and preliminary data we demonstrate that in zebrafish, the\ndevelopmental signaling molecules retinoic acid (RA), and thyroid hormone (T3) can each control differential\nexpression of the tandem duplicates, LWS1 vs. LWS2, an array orthologous to the human LWS/MWS array.\nFurthermore, compelling preliminary data suggest that RA can promote expression of LWS opsin in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids, changing the ratio of LWS:MWS. Together these findings lay the\ngroundwork for a tremendous breakthrough in understanding determination of LWS vs. MWS cone subtype.\n In this renewal we pursue mechanisms through which RA and T3 control differential expression of\ntandemly replicated opsins, and apply this knowledge to retinal regeneration and human retinal organoid\ndevelopment, with three Specific Aims: 1. Determine the relative roles of RA and T3 signaling and their\nreceptors as endogenous regulators of differential expression of tandemly replicated opsin genes. 2.\nDetermine mechanisms through which RA and T3 signaling regulate tandemly replicated opsin genes. 3.\nDetermine roles of RA and T3 signaling for controlling cone fates during retinal regeneration and in human\niPSC-derived 3D retinal organoids. These studies will uncover novel mechanisms for the differential expression\nof tandemly replicated opsin genes, and will generate information necessary to manipulate cone phenotypic\nfates in concert with the application of regenerative or cell replacement therapies for human retinal\ndegenerations.
294 High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
295 High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to
296 High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
297 The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
298 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
299 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the Center are managed through this core. Mentoring, evaluation, and\nrecruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. In addition, the Administrative Core\ncoordinates the activities of the Center, including meetings of the Admin Team, Internal and External Advisory\nCommittees, and engagement activities such as Working Groups, Brown Bag Lunches, and a seminar series.\nThe Administrative Core has four Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of the scientific,\nadministrative, and financial aspects of the Center. Oversight resides with the PI, who is assisted by the other\nmembers of the Admin Team and staff. The Program Manager assists with financial tasks, reporting, and\ncompliance. The External Advisory committee assists with scientific oversite and approval of new Research\nand Pilot Projects. The primary role of the Internal Advisory Committee is to serve as ambassadors to the\nUniversity and liaisons to their respective colleges. 2) Mentor faculty to establish and sustain independently\nfunded research programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan\nincorporates networked, peer, and individual components. The mentoring goals are to help investigators\nnavigate the challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. Numerous\nopportunities for collaborative interactions and career development are provided. We also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Use strong formative and summative\nevaluation to promote transition to independence of early career faculty and to increase the productivity and\nimpact of CMCI. Milestones for success are developed for early career faculty, postdoctoral Modeling Core\nFellows, and for the Center as a whole. Progress is monitored twice a year using a cumulative reporting\nsystem that minimizes the burden on investigators. Anonymous surveys of all Center participants are used to\nsolicit feedback and identify areas for improvement. 4) Enhance internal and external communication that\nbridges traditional academic silos. Opportunities for interaction include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, workshops\nto increase data literacy and provide specialized training, a seminar series, and retreats. Our website serves\nboth the internal and external community, including a searchable database to pair modelers with empiricists.\nWe also facilitate several large projects within the University, across the State, and multi-state projects.
300 The association between human microbiomes and health has garnered a great deal of scientific and popular\nattention. By allowing rapid and inexpensive characterization of microbial community composition, modern\nsequencing has uncovered enormous microbial diversity. Determining the presence versus absence of microbes\nis insufficient however; we need to understand how dysfunctional microbiomes form and how to repair them. A\ncritical step toward the goal of promoting the assembly of microbial communities that support health is to predict\ntheir temporal dynamics. There remains, however, a critical gap: untangling causation from correlation. Simply\nstated, we are currently unable to interpret the biological and clinical relevance buried within the extreme\ncomplexity of microbial communities. Our long-term goal is to advance microbiome research by a) developing\nnew models that capture causality in microbial interactions; and b) developing tools to interpret the relevance of\nmicrobial interactions for human health. Before the development of data analysis pipelines, we need to establish\ntheoretical underpinnings upon which to base the methods. We have three aims focused on developing such\ntheory. (1) Develop molecule-mediated models of microbial interactions. Existing statistical approaches for\nmodeling the temporal dynamics of microbiomes are built on assumptions that are rarely valid for microbial\ncommunities and thus can be profoundly misleading. Misspecified models may mislead researchers toward poor\nprediction of dynamics, or worse, prescription of a misguided treatment that enhances rather than inhibits a\nmicrobial species of interest—a major problem if the species of interest is a pathogen. We will assess the\npredictive power of statistical time-series models given realistic molecule-mediated interactions in synthetic data\nand develop new statistical methods that account for time-varying interactions. (2) Predict stability of a\nmicrobiome. Even when interactions that govern microbial population dynamics are well estimated, these\ninteractions may not be directly relevant to human health. Rather, we may want to predict higher-level properties\nof a microbiome such as its resilience. Resilience—the ability of a microbiome to maintain and recover function\nin the face of perturbations such as by antibiotics or opportunistic pathogens—is related to the mathematical\nconcept of stability. We will develop new measures to capture the resilience of the microbiome. (3) Predict other\nhigh-level microbiome properties. Often a property of the microbiome in its entirety is of interest, such as the\nability to regulate pH or metabolize a toxin. Borrowing from population genetic theory, we will develop novel\nmathematical models to predict the temporal dynamics of traits associated with the microbiome. Together, these\naims will greatly enhance our understanding and interpretation of the temporal dynamics of microbial\ncommunities, and lay the foundation for our capacity to influence their trajectories toward desired outcomes.\nThis research will provide a critical step in enhancing our ability to assess risk, design synthetic microbial\ncommunities to perform tasks, and manipulate microbiomes to promote health.
301 The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n� outlined here: \n \n� Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n� Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n� James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n� T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n� Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n� Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n� Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
302 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
303 The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
304 Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
305 The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
306 Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
307 Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
308 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
309 Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
310 Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
311 Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
312 The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
313 The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
314 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
315 Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
316 The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
317 The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
318 Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
319 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
320 Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
321 The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n� outlined here: \n \n� Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n� Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n� James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n� T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n� Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n� Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n� Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
322 The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
323 Project Summary/Abstract – Administrative Core\nBoise State University has established a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology during\nPhase I. The thematic focus of matrix biology has allowed researchers to address some of the most\nchallenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, this centralized mechanism has supported sixteen\njunior investigators, seven as Research Project Investigators and nine at the Pilot Investigator level. The center\nhas allowed us to capitalize on the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State University. In Phase\nII, we propose to enhance and grow the COBRE in Matrix Biology program by building upon the programmatic\ninfrastructure that was established in Phase I through the Administrative Core. The primary goals of Phase II of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology are to support investigators, to enhance the productivity of junior, mid-career, and\nestablished scientists, to facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and to build\nbiomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major programmatic emphases of the COBRE in\nMatrix Biology are to support the analysis of animal models of relevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions\nin disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to research instrumentation and\ntechnical support. Through the Administrative Core, the COBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career\ndevelopment of junior investigators, the establishment of new collaborations between investigators, activities\nthat will promote the exchange of information, ideas and reagents between COBRE members. We will continue\nto grow the center by recruiting non-members who are doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will continue to offer a pilot project program as a\nrecruitment tool to provide funding to young and to established investigators who propose to apply their\nexpertise to matrix biology.
324 Project Summary/Abstract – Beard\nOver the past decade, evidence has been mounting concerning the importance of the extracellular matrix\n(ECM) in development and maintenance of cellular differentiation, especially in endothelial cells that form the\nblood-brain barrier (BBB). Alterations within the ECM can negatively impact normal cellular functions, such as\nthe upregulation and localization of occlusive proteins to endothelial cell-cell contacts where they form\njunctional complexes to prevent passage of fluids, solutes, and cells through paracellular pores. Tight junction\n(TJ) proteins, such as claudin-5 (CLDN5), are critical for sealing these gaps and forming the BBB. Under\nnormal conditions, ECM proteins in the basement membrane contribute to enhancing the barrier properties of\nthe BBB, as evidenced by a more BBB-like phenotype in brain endothelial cells when cultured on substrates\ncomprising known BBB ECM proteins, although the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. While\nseveral vital constituents of the ECM have been identified as necessary for BBB integrity, major gaps in\nknowledge include what changes within the BBB ECM occur during inflammatory injuries that result in barrier\ndisruption, as well as how ECM-EC interactions transduce intraendothelial signaling to regulate EC TJs. Our\nlong-term goal is to elucidate endothelial-specific signaling pathways that are responsible for BBB dysfunction\nduring inflammation. The overall objective of this proposal is to define the role of ECM-mediated regulation of\nCLDN5-dependent BBB function during homeostasis and inflammation. Emphasis is placed on a novel role for\nthe isoform-specific function of AKT2 in maintaining maximal CLDN5 expression during homeostasis, plus a\nproinflammatory role for two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan, in CLDN5\ndownregulation during neuroinflammation. The central hypothesis is that inflammation triggers a release of\nendothelial-derived SLRPs that act in an autocrine fashion to interfere with ECM-dependent regulation of\nCLDN5, contributing to BBB dysfunction. This hypothesis was derived from several preliminary findings\ngenerated in the applicant’s laboratory. The rationale for the proposed research is that a better understanding\nof matrix pathobiology will translate into a better understanding of the pathogenic role of BBB dysfunction in\ninflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS),\nstroke, traumatic injuries, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, all of which collectively account\nfor suffering of approximately 9 million people in the United States and a cost burden of over 300 billion dollars\nannually. The proposed research is significant, as it is expected the data derived from these studies will not\nonly establish novel concepts in ECM-dependent regulation of endothelial cell biology, but it will also provide\nnew mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of BBB dysfunction with the potential to provide a basis for\nthe development of new therapeutic targets.
325 Project Summary - Morrison\nParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common motor disease in the USA. The primary clinical motor symptoms\nof PD result from loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being\nclosely linked to this disease. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for degradation of organelles,\nmacromolecules, and protein aggregates. In PD, characteristic toxic protein aggregates of primarily alpha-\nsynuclein are believed to be substrates for autophagic removal and clearance by autophagy improves\npreclinical model outcomes. Therefore, modulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to combat PD.\nRecently, a PD-causing mutation in VPS35 (D620N) was reported to block autophagy. However, preliminary\ninvestigation by other groups into a causal mechanism was limited to canonical VPS35 protein interactors in a\ncervical cancer cell line. To overcome these limitations, we performed an unbiased screen using RNA\nsequencing (RNA seq) to identify key pathways affected in a widely used cellular model of PD. We have\nidentified alterations indicative of perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction as well as aberrant\nAKT signaling, a downstream pathway known to regulate the induction of autophagy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is\nthe major component of brain ECM and signals via CD44, an ECM receptor identified as a top hit by our RNA\nSeq screen, to the autophagy regulating AKT-mTOR pathway, making this axis a prime candidate for\nmediating the VPS35 D620N autophagy blockade. Furthermore, VPS35’s well-established role in the retromer\ncomplex, a protein complex that directs plasma membrane receptor trafficking, suggests that altered trafficking\nof CD44 by the VPS35 mutant may be responsible for the observed alteration of AKT pathway activation and\nthe subsequent repression of autophagy. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that VPS35 D620N blocks\nautophagy through dysregulated hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling by altered trafficking of CD44. We propose\ntesting our hypothesis by examining HA-CD44-AKT pathway activation in VPS35 mutant expressing cells;\nvalidating the importance of this pathway by genetic and pharmacological rescue of the mutant phenotype; and\nassessing whether aberrant CD44 activation leads to increased neuronal loss. Whether perturbed CD44\ntrafficking by VPS35 D620N underlies altered signaling will be determined.
326 The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
327 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
328 Abnormal extracellular matrix mineralization is associated with some ofthe most prevalent and deadly diseases of western societies including atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which abnormal matrix mineralization proceeds is an important first step toward better treatment for these diseases. Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is an extracellular matrix protein that is a powerful suppressor of tissue mineralization. MGP knockout mice develop extreme aortic calcification, and MGP polymorphisms in humans are associated with increased risk of developing arterial calcification. Despite the important role of MPG in preventing vascular mineralization, the molecular mechanisms by which MGP expression is controlled and by which MGP functions are only partly understood. Our preliminary data and published results have shown that MGP controls Notch signaling, an important signaling pathway that synergizes with Bone Morphogenetic Proteins to control vascular biology. This observation has opened a door that may lead us to a better understanding of the role of MGP in vascular health. In this proposal, we will examine two specific aims. First, we believe we have identified a previously unknown negative feedback mechanism that we hypothesize serves an important role to control MGP expression and vascular extracellular matrix calcification. Second, we will continue to examine the molecular mechanism(s) by which MGP controls Notch signaling, an aspect of MGP function that we hypothesize is important for suppressing arterial matrix mineralization. Upon completion of these studies, we will arrive at a new understanding ofthe role of MGP in arterial health. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
329 Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
330 Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
331 The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
332 Ligament injuries cause joint instability and can lead to chronic joint disorders. The underlying cause of these functional deficits is the poor structural quality of the repaired matrix. Improvements to clinical outcomes require a mechanistic understanding ofthe physical mechanisms that instruct the restoration of matrix structure and function. The development and validation of mechanistic models would support the application and design of targeted interventions, such as soft-tissue mobilization, that apply mechanical stimuli directly to the remodeling matrix. The primary objective of this research proposal is to characterize physical mechanisms for matrix remodeling during ligament wound healing. The central hypothesis is that mechanical stimulation during wound healing can improve ligament repair by enhancing matrix composition and organization. To test this hypothesis, an experimental and computational methodology will be employed to measure and predict the structural and functional effect of mechanical stimulation on ligament reparative tissue. In Aims 1 and 2, a computational framework will be developed to predict matrix remodeling from mechanical stimulation using tissue-equivalent materials. In Aim 3, an in-vivo experiment will validate the predictive ability of this new model in a three-dimensional finite element simulation. Two potential projects stemming from this work include the design of soft tissue mobilization methods for use in human subjects (clinical trial); and the formulation of a new hypothesis on mechanotransduction mechanisms during repair. This may improve our ability to instruct signaling pathways during tissue repair, and help further our long-term goal of developing therapies for fast and full restoration of soft-tissue function after injury. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
333 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
334 Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
335 The Genomics Resources Core provides the biomedical research community a turnkey solution for the problems in the generation and analysis of genomic data. Following a massive expansion in 2009, the Core now offers services in Sanger sequencing, next generation 454 pyrosequencing, NimbleGen microarrays, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for genotyping, high throughput sample preparation, and bioinformatic data analysis. The Core has successfully implemented the Interdisciplinary Triangle of Collaboration, an innovative operational plan to offer specialized technical expertise in both data generation and data analysis. Core personnel become part of the research team, filling knowledge gaps in molecular methods and bioinformatics, and ensuring a holistic approach to research projects, from project planning and consultation, to sample submission, data generation, data analysis and bioinformatics, culminating with publication and reporting assistance. Strategic partnerships with other institutions extend the Core's offering beyond our equipment capabilities. The Core provides education and outreach to assist investigators in staying abreast of current technologies and analytical methods. In sum, our strategy is to create a path for biomedical investigators to exploit advanced genomics technology and the bioinformatics expertise needed for analysis of data, and by doing so allow them to take their research in new directions. By helping investigators succeed, we advance biomedical research and increase the competitiveness of University of Idaho investigators for extramural funding, while becoming financially self-sustaining as a result of fee-for service revenues. We expect nearly all personnel and service contract costs to be recovered through user fees by the end of COBRE support as additional services are added and our user base expands.
336 The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
337 The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n� outlined here: \n \n� Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n� Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n� James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n� T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n� Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n� Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n� Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
338 Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
339 Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
340 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to\nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. Historically, the base for the research effort\nhas been from individual laboratories in distinct departments. In recent years, ad hoc collaborations have\ndeveloped between independent researchers, in an interdisciplinary manner, significantly expanding the\nresearch skill set and vision applied to health. To date, we have been limited by the lack of a centralized\nmechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize on the\nbroad, diverse research base, we propose to create the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence\n(COBRE) in Matrix Biology. Boise State's biomedical research base has over 50 members who have\ngenerated over $155M in research support in the past decade. The primary goals of the COBRE in Matrix\nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to\nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and 4) to build biomedical research\ninfrastructure. Programmatic emphases are to support the analysis of animal models relevant to cell-matrix\ninteractions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and to provide access to instrumentation\nand technical support. Three Cores are proposed: an Administrative Core, a Biomedical Research Vivarium\nCore, and a Biomolecular Research Core. Our research efforts will be directed toward an understanding of\nextracellular matrix at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to directly impact our understanding of the\npathophysiology of cancer metastasis, cardiovascular calcification, liver fibrosis, and ligament injury to name\na few. The Administrative Core will sponsor career development of junior investigators, facilitate new\ncollaborations between established investigators, sponsor activities to promote exchange of information,\nideas and reagents, and engage non-members doing meritorious research within the thematic focus of\nmatrix biology. A Pilot Project program will provide funding to young investigators and to established\ninvestigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology.
341 Project Summary/Abstract Alteration and Renovation\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 A&R request is to improve two distinct Core laboratory spaces at Boise State University\n(BSU), a primarily undergraduate institution in the Network. Funding will support the creation of a Biorepository\nand a Bioengineering Core. The Biorepository improvement will provide a centralized place for investigators to\nstore bacterial, animal, plant, and human cell-line stock cultures, genetic constructs, natural isolates, and\nhighly purified proteins. Here, samples will be cataloged, maintained, and made available to investigators using\nbest practices. The A&R request will improve a 292 sq ft space within the BSU Science Building, room 201,\nand will include plumbing, flooring, new cabinetry, and the installation of a -86°C freezer. The Biorepository will\nbe open for use by the statewide INBRE scientific network and COBRE and CTR investigators. The second\nspace, the Bioengineering Core, will provide a centralized facility for bioprinting and the use of bioreactors for\ncell-based studies. The renovation will include 1,710 sq ft in the Micron Engineering Center, rooms 308, 313,\n313A, and 314. HVAC improvements, laboratory-grade cabinetry, and a biosafety cabinet are requested. The\nBioengineering Core will be open to collaborators in the statewide scientific Network, COBRE, and CTR\ninvestigators. Management of the Biorepository and Bioengineering Core shared facilities will rely on the\ncentralized infrastructure put in place by the previous Idaho INBRE awards. There is strong institutional\nsupport for this A&R request (See Letter of Support #70). The improvements fit within the overall goals of the\nIdaho INBRE program to improve Idaho's capacity in biomedical research and to support work within the\nINBRE-4 scientific theme of Cell Signaling. Information and outcomes will be shared with the IDeA community\nthrough participation at statewide, regional, and national meetings, and through publication on the websites of\nIdaho INBRE and the BSU Biomolecular Research Center (part of the INBRE Bioinformatics Core Facility).\nCore facility information will be included in the National IDeA Core Laboratory (NICL) database.
342 High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
343 The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
344 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
345 Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
346 Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
347 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
348 Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
349 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
350 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
351 Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
352 Project Summary/Abstract Bioinformatics Core Component\nThe Idaho INBRE-4 Bioinformatics Core will integrate cyberinfrastructure tools and resources,\nbioinformatics/biostatistical consulting, and bioinformatics training. The Core will support computationally-\nintensive research under the broad Cell Signaling scientific theme. Facilities are physically located at the UI,\nISU, and BSU and open to the INBRE Network. At the UI, IBEST includes a Computational Resources Core, a\nGenomics Resources Core, and an Optical Imaging Core. At ISU, the Molecular Research Core Facility\nincludes DNA and RNA sequencing, advanced imaging, and flow cytometry. At BSU, the Biomolecular\nResearch Center includes proteomics and metabolomics, protein-protein molecular interactions, and imaging.\nKA Cornell is the current Bioinformatics Core Director (INBRE-3) and will continue in this role during INBRE-4.\nHe is well qualified with strong administrative experience and an active research program that has been funded\nby NIH, NSF, USDA, and DOD. A Bioinformatics Committee with representatives from all INBRE partner\ninstitutions will guide Core use and educational resources. Members have expertise in bioinformatics,\nbioinformatics education, or experience in Core facility operations. Previous progress was significant, and\nhighlights include (i) INBRE-initiated Cores are now university sustained, (ii) increased Core users to >1,700,\n(iii) integrated bioinformatics in science curricula at all INBRE institutions (35 courses), (iv) MS/PhD programs\nin Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the UI, and (v) a new BA/BS degree in Bioinformatics at Lewis-\nClark State College (a PUI). This new BA/BS major was INBRE-supported through faculty/student research,\nnew faculty hires, new equipment purchases, and Network collaborations with research-intensive universities.\nPlans to familiarize researchers and students with bioinformatics tools and resources include competitive\nTechnology Access Grants (TAGs) for scientifically meritorious projects and workshops/seminars in the INBRE\nStudent Program. Bioinformatics will continue to be integrated into curricula and research. INBRE institutions\nwill continue to use local and remote bioinformatics servers for hands-on undergraduate/graduate student\neducation. The Core will partner with the Northwest Knowledge Network for high bandwidth networking and\nsecure data storage. A dedicated section of the Idaho INBRE website, the Bioinformatics Educational\nRepository, organizes lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools, and supplementary materials for\nfaculty and student use. An innovation of the Bioinformatics Core is to share established programs and\ninfrastructure through a tri-state Regional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico\nINBREs. This collaboration will reduce redundancy, increase interdisciplinary Core use and research\ncollaborations among faculty, and broaden bioinformatics research and education opportunities for students.\nPooled resources include (i) bioinformatics degree programs in Idaho, (ii) biostatistics and metabolomics in the\nMontana INBRE, and (iii) leading-edge sequencing and bioinformatics training by the New Mexico INBRE.
353 Project Summary/Abstract Administrative Core Component\nThe Administrative Core will provide logistical support for the Idaho INBRE-4 Network and coordinate a\nBioinformatics Core, a faculty Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP), and a Student Program. The\nPI/PD, PC, and Directors are well qualified with INBRE experience. A statewide Steering Committee includes\nrepresentatives from all 11 Network Institutions. The External Advisory Committee has scientific expertise,\nmentoring experience, and knowledge of the research/workforce climate of Idaho. Together, this administrative\nleadership will guide INBRE-4 decisions. The Administrative Core will build an environment to encourage\nstatewide/regional research collaboration and provide opportunities for faculty and students by: (i) facilitating\ncommunication among investigators, (ii) coordinating training and mentoring for faculty and students, (iii)\noverseeing research activities in Cell Signaling (the scientific theme), (iv) providing conflict resolution, (v)\nprioritizing infrastructure needs, and (vi) assuring investigator access to state-of-the-art research facilities.\nINBRE-4 will increase faculty research participation at all Network institutions with special emphasis at the\nprimarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). The Administrative Core will oversee the Bioinformatics Core to\nmaximize facilities use and educational resources. It will coordinate the DRPP faculty development, setting\nclear, attainable milestones to success, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations. It will manage the\nRegional Alliance of INBRE Networks (RAIN), a new and innovative effort with Montana and New Mexico to\nexpand faculty and student opportunities, maximize regional Core use, and reduce redundancy. The Student\nProgram will provide a broad continuum of research opportunities, in both academic and industrial settings, to\ngenerate and enhance a skilled, diverse workforce for Idaho. This program will also improve science curricula.\nA series of interlocking progressively-intense student research experiences involve all 11 Network institutions\nand comprise a “pipeline to health research careers” starting from K-12 through post-doctoral and medical\nstudent training. Central to the Student Program is mentoring and career advising. Our current programs allow\nany student in Idaho who has an interest in and talent for biomedical research to find an opportunity to pursue\nthat activity in Idaho. A high priority, to achieve this goal, is to promote diversity in the biomedical workforce by\nrecruiting and retaining trainees from under-represented groups and by supporting such individuals through the\nacademic pipeline at all stages. INBRE will build exceptional connectively with numerous complementary\nprograms such as COBREs, CTRs, Bridges, and SEPA. Evaluation is key to ensure INBRE resources are\nused to maximum benefit, activities have high-value outcomes, and the scientific Network remains cohesive.\nThe Administrative Core will oversee a plan for internal and external evaluation and monitor/document\nprogress of the Cores and Programs. Summative outcomes will be used in formative evaluations to adjust\nprogrammatic activities for continued INBRE-4 Network success to build Idaho's research capacity.
354 Project Summary/Abstract Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) Component\nThe Developmental Research Project Program (DRPP) will select and support the most promising and\nmeritorious biomedical research in Idaho. The INBRE-4 broad and inclusive scientific theme, Cell Signaling,\nwill best serve investigators from a variety of research areas. The DRPP integrates well into the programmatic\ngoals of the Overall Component Specific Aims 2 and 5 by providing research opportunities to faculty and\nstudents that meet high standards of research excellence. An estimated pool of 700 faculty is eligible for the\nDRPP. To accommodate diverse research/teaching appointments, three stratified levels of faculty research\nparticipation, each with specific obligatory milestones, will be available. The top-tier, a DRP Investigator,\nrequires >50% research effort. An “on-ramp” (tier-two) to this level is a Pilot Project Investigator, requiring\n>25% research effort. Although faculty at the research-intensive institutions are eligible, emphasis will be to (i)\nstrengthen the research environment at the primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), (ii) integrate research\ninto the PUI educator's career, and (iii) expose PUI students to meritorious research. To further encourage\nresearch at the PUIs and community colleges, a third-tier of participation will be the Student Research Mentor\n(<20% research effort). These educators have established or newly developing projects that focus on providing\nstudents with high-impact participatory research experiences. Scientific Mentor/Advisors will provide guidance\nand ensure productivity milestones are met. Investigators will be recruited through an internal statewide INBRE\nfunding opportunity announcement (FOA). The tier-one application will use the NIH R15 template to propose a\nproblem, its significance, give background, a hypothesis, specific aims, experimental approach, expected\noutcomes, pitfalls, and alternatives. The Pilot Project and Student Research Mentor proposals will be\nabbreviated applications. All will include biosketches, justified budgets, and meet federal compliance\nrequirements. External scientific review scores/recommendations will be vetted by the statewide Steering\nCommittee (SC) and the External Advisory Committee (EAC). Meritorious projects will be prioritized based on\nreview score, participant diversity, available INBRE infrastructure, and NIGMS approval. The effective INBRE-3\npolicies and practices for solicitation, submission, external review by a panel of experts, selection criteria, and\nprioritization of awards will continue. This successful approach funded 120 projects over four years, yielded 20\nnew NIH grants (+14 pending), and 158 new non-NIH awards. These projects generated 262 scientific\npublications, 374 national presentations, and mentored 699 students. Additional INBRE-4 initiatives will include\n(i) a regional alliance (RAIN) with Montana and New Mexico INBREs and (ii) DRPP investigator-responsive\nshort duration funding. Statewide benefits to the lead and partner institutions from the DRPP investments will\nbe measured, tracked and evaluated to justify and adjust this approach. Assessment will be done by the\nEvaluation Director, ad hoc reviewers, SC, EAC, and by a commissioned end-of-year-two external review.
355 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
356 Animal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair and tissue regeneration. Although there have been many successful research activities by individual investigators within the biomedical research community at Boise State, there has not been a mechanism in place to facilitate the housing and care, production, acquisition and sharing of pertinent mouse models among the investigators located on the Boise State campus. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research Vivarium will be dedicated to supporting the Junior Investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential training, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will be available to all researchers and will support established investigators as well. The vivarium represents a critical component of the research infrastructure and will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and will allow expansion of Boise State's biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium will enhance our biomedical research training and education programs for graduate students who will receive training in the responsible conduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative research with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow sustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model.
357 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
358 The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
359 Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
360 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
361 Viral infections in the lower respiratory tract cause severe disease and are responsible for a majority of\npediatric hospitalizations. Molecular diagnostic assays have revealed that approximately 20% of these patients\nare infected by more than one viral pathogen. Clinical data indicate that disease severity can be enhanced,\nreduced or be unaffected by viral co-infection. However, it is not clear how unrelated viruses interact within the\ncontext of a complex host to determine disease severity. The long-term goal of this research is to uncover the\ncausal relationships between co-infection and the resulting respiratory disease severity. Variables that will\npotentially predict disease severity include viral strains, doses, timing, viral competition, genetic variation in the\nhost, and the immune response. The proposed research will develop a murine model with cellular and\norganismal components and a human in vitro model to test the central hypothesis that respiratory viral co-\ninfections change disease severity both by direct viral interactions and by modulating host responses.\nStatistical and stochastic modeling will reveal the complex interactions between heterologous viruses within\ntheir shared target cells and host organisms. In Aim 1, a mouse strain that exhibits mild, moderate, or severe\ndisease when infected with three respiratory viruses individually will be infected with pairwise combinations of\nthese viruses as concurrent and sequential co-infections. Co-infection variables that lead to differences in\nmorbidity and mortality compared to individual virus infections will be identified. Pathology response variables,\nincluding viral loads, inflammatory cells, and histopathology will be analyzed and statistical models will be\ndeveloped to reveal how both infection variables and pathology response variables predict disease severity\nduring co-infection. Lung transcriptome analysis and complex systems modeling will be used to elucidate\nmechanisms of host responses that result in differing disease outcomes during co-infection. In Aim 2, viral co-\ninfections will be performed in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro, to determine the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics and the response of infected cells. This will reveal the complex interactions between co-\ninfecting viruses within their shared target cells in the respiratory tract. Parallel experiments in murine and\nhuman cell lines will test the generality of our findings and may allow us to make predictions about how viral\nco-infections affect disease severity in humans. Completion of the project aims will result in understanding how\ninteractions between co-infecting viruses, their target cells, and the immune system dictate disease severity\nduring respiratory viral co-infections. Modeling these complex interactions will lead to testable hypotheses\nabout the mechanisms that regulate disease severity during infection by heterologous respiratory viruses.
362 Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
363 The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
364 Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
365 The dynamics of pathogens spreading through a population of susceptible hosts can be complicated by\na number of factors. One of them is pathogen interaction during co-infection. Here infection by one pathogen\ncan change host susceptibility to a second, or being co-infected can change a host's infectivity compared to a\nsingly infected host. A second factor is that infection can alter behavior both for biological reasons (for\nexample, when sickness makes a host less active), and, in humans especially, for social reasons (for example,\nwhen sick people self-isolate). These behavioral responses, in turn, change the patterns of interactions that\ndrive transmission dynamics. A third closely related factor is that patterns of spatial aggregation around\nenvironmental features like food and water, or for humans, institutions like schools and home, can create an\nintricate network of interactions that strongly affect how infections spread. The long-term goal of this research\nis to develop predictive mathematical models and inferential tools for understanding how the dynamics of co-\ninfecting pathogens depend on the interplay of pathogen interactions, behavioral responses, and population\nsubstructure. In Aim 1, an agent-based model that includes biological mechanisms of infection and co-infection\nwill be developed. The model will be modular so that complexities can be added and subtracted. In Aim 2, their\nindividual and combined effects will be studied by simulation. Aim 2 will also focus on inference and prediction:\napproximate Bayesian computation techniques will be used to make inferences about model mechanisms\ngiven empirical data which will then be used to predict future infection dynamics. In Aim 3, the agent-based\nmodel will be extended to incorporate behavioral responses to infection and population structures that alter the\ntypes and frequencies of interactions between individuals. The methods of Aim 2 for doing comparative\nsimulations and statistical inferences will be reapplied to these more complex models of Aim 3. Upon\ncompletion, this project will result in a modular array of agent-based models that are both flexible and can be\nextended in the future to include factors like the spread of opinions in a social network. It will result in genuine\ninsights into how fundamental mechanisms like pathogen interaction during co-infection and behavioral\nresponses can alter pathogen dynamics. It will result in computational tools for using data to do model\ninference and predict future dynamics. It will also lead to an honest appraisal of where the limits of doing this\ninference lie and, consequently, how to use detailed experimental work like that exemplified by projects 1 and\n2 to improve the process. Ultimately, these tools and insights will put public health and policy professionals in a\nstronger, more informed position for making decisions.
366 The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n¿ outlined here: \n \n¿ Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n¿ Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n¿ James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n¿ T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n¿ Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n¿ Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n¿ Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
367 The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
368 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
369 The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
370 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
371 Project Summary – Biomolecular Research Core\nThe overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research\ninfrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is\nessential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their\nendeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research in the area on matrix biology. During COBRE Phase I, the\nBiomolecular Research Core supported 16 junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as\nmore established biomedical researchers. Five disciplines across campus are represented among the junior\ninvestigator projects including Biological Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Physics, Material Sciences,\nElectrical Engineering. Through the services offered to the research community by the BRC, we now have a\nmuch larger community of early and mid-career researchers, as well as investigators who have well-\nestablished research programs. The total number of annual users increased from 50 in 2014 to 119 in 2017,\nmore than doubling in this time period. Investigators supported by the BRC published 78 peer-reviewed\nmanuscripts that cite the BRC and the COBRE award, and they made more than 700 scientific presentations.\nThe Core facility is equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and\nmetabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior\ninvestigators will continue to have access to next-generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff,\nwhich will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The Core has enhanced current and future\nNIH-supported research and will continue to do so in Phase II. Establishing and operating the Core is integral\nto the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and we will continue to work toward\nsustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan\nbased on a fee-for-service model and partnership with departments, schools, and colleges within the university\nto assure that we are working toward a shared vision and common goals for biomedical research growth that\nare consistent with the mission of Boise State University.
372 Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females. Early detection of breast tumors is critical to\nincreasing the survival of women diagnosed with this disease. Accurate computer-aided detection of breast\ntumors could improve early detection but requires segmentation, a process that provides the precise tumor\nlocation, size, boundary, and shape. Existing breast tumor segmentation approaches are sensitive to small\nchanges in image quality (e.g., intensity, contrast, noise, artifacts), limiting their application in early detection of\nbreast cancer. The goal of the proposed project is to overcome current limitations by building tumor\nsegmentation methodologies that are robust to variations of image quality. We will use breast ultrasound\nimages due to the noninvasive, painless, nonradioactive, and cost-effective nature of the imaging procedure.\nWe propose the following specific aims to achieve this goal. (1) Model human breast anatomy. In clinical\nexamination, the knowledge of breast anatomy helps radiologists distinguish between breast tissues. In this\naim, we will develop a graphical model to represent the spatial relationship of different breast layers and to\nhelp distinguish tumor regions from normal regions. We will develop a new mathematical tool called tissue\nconnectedness for modeling breast anatomy in ultrasound images. Tissue connectedness allows for the\nidentification of different breast tissues and helps distinguish a breast tumor from normal tumor-like regions\n(e.g., artifacts, fat). (2) Model the visual saliency of breast tumors. Visual saliency is a property that makes an\nobject in images stand out from neighboring objects. We will overcome the invalid assumption made in\nprevious approaches that there is at least one tumor in the image by developing a robust model for estimating\nvisual saliency of breast tumors. With the help of this model, we will detect all possible tumor regions that\nwould attract a radiologist’s attention, with no output of salient regions when no tumor exists in an image. (3)\nDevelop a domain-enriched deep learning framework for tumor segmentation. A deep learning-based\nframework will be developed to integrate the output of models from Aims 1 and 2 and will lead to an overall\nmodel that segments breast tumors. We will train and test the approach using 1800 breast ultrasound images\nfrom four medical schools collected using five different ultrasound devices. Seven quantitative metrics will be\napplied to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation approach. Discrepancies between\ncomputational and manual tumor segmentation will be used to refine the models. Success of the proposed\nproject will enhance methodologies for robust and reproducible breast ultrasound image segmentation and\nbroaden the use of computer-aided diagnosis for early detection of breast cancer.
373 The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
374 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
375 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
376 Boise State University has an emerging record of excellence in matrix biology research and application to \nmany of the most challenging health concerns facing our nation. To date, we have been limited by a \ncentralized mechanism to leverage new collaborations efficiently into new research discoveries. To capitalize \non the broad, diverse research base that exists at Boise State, we propose to create the Center of \nBiomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Matrix Biology. The primary goals ofthe COBRE in Matrix \nBiology are 1) to support junior investigators, 2) to enhance the productivity of established scientists, 3) to \nfacilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers with those bringing non-traditional \nstrategies to the table, and 4) to build biomedical research infrastructure at Boise State University. Major \nprogrammatic emphases of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will be to support the analysis of animal models of \nrelevance to cell-extracellular matrix interactions in disease progression and tissue repair/regeneration and \nto provide access to research instrumentation and technical support. Through the Administrative Core, the \nCOBRE in Matrix Biology will sponsor career development of junior investigators, establishment of new \ncollaborations behween established investigators, activities that will promote the exchange of information, \nideas and reagents between COBRE members, and to engage non-members who are doing meritorious \nresearch within the thematic focus ofthe COBRE in Matrix Biology. The Administrative Core will implement a \nPilot Project grant program to provide funding to young investigators and to established investigators who \npropose to apply their expertise to matrix biology.
377 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a worldwide problem and the 12th leading cause of death in the U.S. Liver cirrhosis is preceded by fibrosis, which is a reversible, wound-healing response characterized by the synthesis of abnormal and excessive extracellular matrix by myofibroblasts. Liver myofibroblasts arise from the differentiation of heterogenous precursors, most notably hepatic stellate cells. Targeting myofibroblast differentiation is a logical strategy to limit fibrosis and enhance recovery from liver disease. However, the mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation are not completely understood, and currently there are no anti-fibrotic drugs approved for use in the U.S. We recently discovered that myofibroblast differentiation is increased by exogenous activation ofthe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We will mechanistically determine how exogenous and endogenous AhR signaling impacts myofibroblast differentiation and liver fibrosis. We will test the hypothesis that AhR signaling is a regulator of myofibroblast differentiation. We will determine how AhR signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. We will test the possibility that a selective AhR modulator (SAhRM) holds promise for therapeutic use in suppressing myofibroblast differentiation using whole transcriptome sequencing and multiplex assays. We will determine how exogenous AhR activation enhances myofibroblast differentiation using well-established mouse models of liver fibrosis. We will determine if TCDD directly or indirectly targets myofibroblast differentiation during liver fibrosis using conditional AhR knockout mice in which the AhR is removed from either hepatic stellate cells or from parenchymal hepatocytes. As Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the aims and develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
378 The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
379 The Administrative Core is a team comprised of individuals with unique expertise and experience with the Idaho INBRE program. Together, they provide outstanding leadership and innovative approaches to managing and overseeing the Idaho INBRE program. The qualifications of the Administrative Core members are \n¿ outlined here: \n \n¿ Carolyn Hoyde Bohach (Carolyn J. Hoyde), PhD, PI/Director, a position she has served in since 2006. \nDr. Bohach has strong scientific credentials as an established, internationally recognized, biomedical research scientist in microbial infectious disease (cell signaling) with continuous R01/R01-Iike funding since \n1991 focused on Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Yersinia pestis. She has administrative experience as the \ncurrent Idaho INBRE Program Director and previous to that, the BRIN/INBRE Program Coordinator from \n2000 to 2006. \n¿ Scott A. Minnich, PhD, Program Coordinator and Director of the Research Mentoring Core,. a position he has served in since 2009. Dr. Minnich has a strong record as a biomedical research scientist in bacterial pathogenesis, (cell signaling) funded by an NIH R01-Iike grant for 10 consecutive years. He has broad administrative experience as the Course Director for the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) Medical Education Program Infectious Disease course and as Chair of the Ul IACUC and Select Agent Program. His primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and guide the mentoring activities for Project Investigators in the Developmental Research Project Program and to develop s stainable research programs across the Network. \n¿ James A. Foster, PhD, Director of the Bioinformatics Core, a position he has served in since 2001. Dr. \nFoster has a strong record of interdisciplinary research funding through the NIH and NSF and has administrative experience that includes serving on the steering committee for the NIH IDeA-funded Core Laboratories (NICL). \n¿ T. Rhena Cooper, MS, Director of the Training Workforce Development and Diversity Core, a position she has served in since 2009 under its INBRE-2 designation as the Outreach Core. Professor Cooper has more than two decades of experience teaching microbiology at North Idaho College, coordinating research and professional development opportunities for undergraduate students, and organizing outreach . education to the public. \n \n¿ Leslie D. Thompson, as the Statewide Administrative Manager, a position she has served in since 2008. \nMs. Thompson has a decade of experience in program coordination and grants management. Her primary responsibility will be to assist the PI/Director and Program Coordinator in all INBRE activities. \n¿ Linda E. Liou, Project Evaluator, a position she has served in since 2008. Ms. Liou has eighteen years of experience as a biomedical research technician, a position that familiarized her with biomedical research and training of students at all levels. Her primary responsibility will be to coordinate assessment by collection and analysis of data associated with INBRE activities for both summative and formative evaluation. \n¿ Whitney D. Floch, Program Assistant, a position she had held since 2011. Ms. Floch has five years of experience in the University of Idaho Office of Sponsored Programs. Her primary responsibility will be to provide administrative support for the statewide activities of the program.
380 The Bioinformatics Core will provide the computing skills, facilities, and data management infrastructure for researchers in Idaho. The Core Director and the Bioinformatics Core Committee are well-qualified and will manage the services of the Core across Idaho. They will participate in faculty/student training and education and provide access to high-end computational power to augment research projects within the INBRE scientific focus area of 'Cell Signaling'. Research excellence will be emphasized in three areas, (i) \nevolutionary analysis, (ii) gene expression analysis, and (iii) protein structure analysis and proteomics. The University of Idaho will host local databases and a distributed cluster computer for statistical modeling and phylogenetic estimation. Idaho State University will host a distributed cluster computer and software tightly integrated with their high throughput sequencing facility. Boise State University will host a distributed cluster \ncomputer and software closely integrated with their mass spectrometer facility. Multiple approaches will be used to familiarize investigators and students with bioinformatics tools and resources. We will partner with Idaho's one COBRE to fund Technology Access Grants' to scientifically meritorious projects and offset user fees for INBRE participants. Managing large datasets is often an issue. The Northwest Knowledge Network (NKN), under the University of Idaho's Office of Research and Economic Development, provides \ncomprehensive scientific data life cycle management services. Idaho INBRE will partner with the NKN to leverage this service and provide the highest quality cyberinfrastructure to researchers. To augment educational opportunities, the University of Idaho will continue to offer the INBRE-initiated MS/PhD program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. To complement the program, a cooperative BS/MS bioinformatics training program will be developed between Boise State University and Idaho State University to direct graduates into industry laboratories as bioinformaticians and/or to provide the prerequisites for a \nPhD program: Also, training and education will be enhanced with a web-based Idaho INBRE 'Virtual Bioinformatics Academy' designed as an open resource for educators and students. A dedicated INBRE website section will hold bioinformatics lectures, laboratory exercises, assessment tools and supplementary materials so that faculty can help students develop computing skills. Bioinformatics training will be integrated \ninto our existing summer undergraduate research opportunities through workshops and a bootcamp. Finally, we will share bioinformatics expertise and infrastructure across the Western IDeA region.
381 The administrative structure of the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) includes the Project Director, Project Administrator, Research Oversight Team, External Advisory Committee, and Internal Advisory Committee. This structure, which has been in existence for 8 years, has proven to be effective as exemplified by a strong record of accomplishments in terms of extramural funding, mentoring of junior faculty, COBRE program development, and the operation of core facilities. A key component of the administrative structure is that it enables the core facility directors and other core staff to consult with and mentor investigators more readily and effectively. The University of Idaho provides generous financial and administrative support to IBEST in terms of direct funding, payment of selected employee salaries, and space. We will assess the success of our Computational and Genomics core facilities based on their ability to consistently provide customers with high quality data in a timely manner, even as user needs and expectations change. Maintaining our position as a premier small research university with demonstrable excellence in biomedical research will require us to coordinate strategic investments in and access to technological infrastructure, and to maintain best business practices. To this end, we will perform both summative assessment to score how well the cores have performed, and formative assessment to evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and potential threats. These assesments will enable us to effectively utilize our strengths, to respond to weaknesses and threats in a timely manner, and to seize opportunities. We will partner with the Idaho INBRE, in particular in providing IBEST-INBRE Technology Access grants to investigators around the state of Idaho. We have a data management and sharing plan based on years of experience, and a plan to ensure compliance with Human Subjects and Animal Care and Use regulations.
382 Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
383 Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
384 The Research Mentoring Core is one of two proposed Research Cores. This Core will promote research \nexcellence by (i) increasing faculty participation at the Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), (ii) \nproviding faculty development opportunities, (iii) mentoring, (iv) setting clear attainable expectations as \nmilestones to success, (v) supporting graduate and professional students and postdoctoral fellows, (vi) and \nincreasing biomedical research opportunities across the Idaho Network, among the Western IDeA region, \nand in clinical translational programs (through CTSAs and IDeA CTRs). The Core Director also serves as the \nINBRE Program Coordinator and is highly qualified at managing biomedical research programs and has \nmuch experience in guiding junior investigators to success. Under his direction, and in collaboration with the \nEAC and the Research Mentoring Committee, this Core will implement and monitor the mentoring for all \nparticipants as designed and outlined by the Administrative Core. Faculty will participate in research at two \ndifferent levels as (i) Project Investigators (PI) with >50% effort in research and a funded and mentored \nDevelopmental Research Project or as (ii) Student Research Mentors with varying % effort in research and a \nfocus on student training: This Core will implement the Developmental Research Project Program with a \nprocess to select the most meritorious proposals under the multidisciplinary research theme of "Cell \nSignaling". The plan (detailed in its own section of the proposal) will foster collaborative projects between Pis \nat the PUIs and Scientific Mentors at the research-intensive institutions. For both levels of faculty research \nparticipation, clear and attainable milestone/productivity standards will be set and tailored to the \ninvestigator's level of participation. An annual "non-competing renewal" will be required and reviewed to \ndetermine continued funding. Research development initiatives open to faculty across Idaho will include \nseed grants, new instrumentation, teaching release, seminars, mini-sabbaticals, new faculty recruitment, and \nmentoring programs. Many training opportunities will be in place and will cover subjects like manuscript \npreparation, grant writing, budget preparation; compliance training (for human subjects, research animals, \nand biosafety), and responsible research conduct. This Core will oversee postdoctoral fellowship funding and \nfacilitate graduate education. Finally, the Western IDeA region will cooperate to leverage our collective \nresearch know-how. We will collaborate to tap regional experts who are willing to contribute to scientific \nmentoring and thereby increase each state's capacity to provide proficiency in a given area.
385 The Training, Workforce Development and Diversity (TWDD) Core will be responsible for undergraduate \nstudent research opportunities, increasing science student diversity, and providing science education to the \npublic. A series of interiocking programs will comprise a "pipeline to health research careers" and connect \nthe overarching 'research excellence' signature of the proposal. The Core Director has much experience in \nteaching, outreach, and developing student research opportunities across the state. Under her direction, a \nstatewide TWDD Committee will develop and monitor programs. Three highly successful avenues of \nundergraduate research participation (Fellows, Scholars and Interns) will be continued and augmented. \nParticipants will be selected competitively accounting for academic performance, interest in research, and \nminority/underrepresented status/background. The Fellows will be upper-class undergraduates that \nparticipate in laboratory research for 10 weeks during the summer (a subset will continue their research \nduring the academic year). The Scholars will be freshman or sophomores (with no previous lab experience) \nthat participate in a two-week intensive immersion laboratory research experience. The Interns will be \nstudents placed at industry laboratories, local biotechnology companies, or health care facilities for 10 weeks \nand receive bench or field experience from expert professionals. To better reflect Idaho demographics, the \nnumbers of rural underserved, first-generation-college students, and those with Hispanic/Latino and Native \nAmerican heritage participating will be increased. Initiatives at all institutions will include (i) development of \ndiversity-related goals and practices, (ii) personalized programs of student support and skill-building and, (iii) \nstrategic activities at two Community Colleges best situated to increase connections to the Native American \nand Hispanic populations. This Core will provide mentoring and professional development to undergraduate \nstudents as well as training to their faculty mentors. Training topics will include (i) responsible research \nconduct, (ii) research ethics, (iii) poster and oral presentations, (iv) manuscript writing, (v) bioinformatics, (vi) \nresume and grad school applications, and (viii) etiquette. Also, student opportunities will be augmented \nthrough a Western IDeA regional exchange program and the Idaho INBRE Annual Summer Research \nConference will showcase all INBRE-funded research. This Core will increase the scientific literacy of the \npopulace and ready a trained labor force through outreach presentations to the general public. Three popular \nprograms, ongoing in INBRE-2, will be continued: Science-on-Tap; Health Talks; and Mini Medical School.
386 The Administrative Core is the organizing hub of the Center for Modeling Complex Interactions. Scientific,\nfiscal, and administrative aspects of the center are managed through this core. In addition, mentoring,\nevaluation, and recruitment of additional faculty participants are managed here. The Administrative Core will\ncoordinate the activities of the center, including meetings of the Internal and External Advisory Committees, the\nOutreach and Communications Committee, and engagement activities such as Brown Bag Lunch and a\nseminar series. The Administrative Core has five Specific Aims: 1) Provide effective and efficient oversight of\nthe scientific, administrative, and financial aspects of the center. Oversight will stress multiple mechanisms for\nongoing interactions among center members. 2) Mentor junior faculty to establish independently funded\nresearch programs and become leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. The mentoring plan will\nincorporate networked, individual, and peer mentoring. The mentoring goals are to help investigators navigate\nthe challenges of running a research program and transitioning to independence. We will also groom the next\ngeneration of leaders in interdisciplinary biomedical research. 3) Enhance internal and external\ncommunication. Plans include weekly Brown Bag Lunches, Toolbox workshops to improve cross-disciplinary\ncommunication, a seminar series open to the campus community, and coordinated outreach to the regional\nmedical community. 4) Implement strong formative and summative evaluation plans to measure progress\ntowards faculty transition to independence and the center's goal of sustainability. Clear expectations will be\nconveyed for all aspects of center operation. Progress will be monitored on an ongoing basis using The\nReporting Database developed by Idaho INBRE. 5) Achieve long-term sustainability of the center by\nestablishing it as a formal research entity within the administrative structure of the University of Idaho. Long-\nterm sustainability will be achieved in a stepwise process of: i) establishing credibility within the university and\ngreater scientific community; ii) building research capacity in the center through new faculty hires and attracting\ncurrent faculty to engage with the center; and iii) becoming a Level III entity within the university structure.
387 The overarching goal of the Biomolecular Research Core is to provide critical components of the research infrastructure needed for the success of our biomedical research programs. Access to instrumentation is essential in enabling Boise State University to build a research capability that will support researchers in their endeavor to carry out multidisciplinary research. The Biomolecular Research Core will support junior investigators within the COBRE in Matrix Biology as well as more established biomedical researchers. The Core facility will be equipped for histology, microscopy, and mass spectrometry for proteomics and metabolomics analysis. In partnership with the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, junior investigators will have access to next generation sequencing instrumentation and technical staff, which will allow them to combine transcriptomics with proteomics. The recent campus-wide effort to increase cyberinfrastructure will support both junior and established investigators in data analysis, modeling, simulation and visualization. The Core will enhance current and future NIH-supported research. Establishing and operating the Core will be integral to Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology and will enable sustainable biomedical research growth at Boise State. This facility will be sustained through a business plan based on a fee-for-service model.
388 Many of the big, outstanding problems in biology involve complex, highly interactive processes. Nowhere is this\nmore true than in the field of human health where disease severity can depend on social climate, individual\nbehavior and previous exposures. Because of advances in biotechnology, it is now possible to investigate\ncomplex biological processes to a level of quantitative and functional detail unimaginable 20 or 30 years ago.\nHowever, the task is greatly complicated by the fact that the processes themselves cut across traditional\nscientific disciplines, leaving few specialized researchers fully prepared to answer them alone. There is clearly\na great need for interdisciplinary research. What is less clear is how to achieve this at a level commensurate\nwith the complexity of the problems we face. Central to our solution to this challenge is the Modeling Core. The\nModeling Core is a research space, an arrangement of researchers around a nucleus of core fellows, and a\nculture of intellectual exchange all geared toward solving complex problems. The focus of the Modeling Core\nwill initially be the projects of this center, each of which investigates complex interactions that underlie viral co-\ninfection. With time, the core will expand to include new investigators tackling new biomedical problems,\ndeveloping new methodological approaches to address them, and benefiting from the interdisciplinary\ndynamics within the core. We will achieve this vision through realizing the following aims: 1) establish the core:\nthe people, its research space, the culture, and a strategy for assessment, 2) engage in integrative modeling\nthat supports individual research projects and 3) promote outreach by extending core services and developing\nworkshops. Interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems spanning multiple levels of biological\norganization, and it requires a deep exchange of ideas among fields to generate genuine insights. The\nModeling Core is an innovative way to power interdisciplinary research by distilling the three critical features of\nthis exchange: a shared language for connecting, a space for interaction, and a diversity of participants.
389 Epidemiological data suggest that viruses that co-circulate within human populations interact in unique ways\nthat can result in altered replication, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics compared to how they would\noperate in isolation. In order to understand the effects of viral co-infection at population levels, it is critical to\ndissect the mechanisms of interaction between viruses at multiple levels within their shared host. A system in\nwhich multiple viruses and hosts can be manipulated is critical for modeling how unrelated viruses interact\nwithin their shared hosts and how these interactions alter the effects of infection. The long-term goal of this\nresearch is to uncover properties of viral co-infection that can be tested for generality in other systems. The\nobjectives of the proposed study are to establish a tractable invertebrate model system of viral infection and\nco-infection, and to develop mathematical models to understand how viruses interact with each other and their\nhost to ultimately affect the host pathology and population dynamics. Drosophila and associated viruses will be\nused to test the central hypothesis that co-infection results in non-additive effects relative to single infections,\nand that these effects are correlated at different levels of organization. Oral infection of adult flies with\nDrosophila C virus (DCV) and Drosophila X virus (DXV) will be used to test the effects of co-infection on viral\ngrowth dynamics, host gene expression, viral transmission rates, and host demography, including fecundity,\ndevelopmental rate, and mortality. Aim 1 will focus on molecular interactions, by quantifying viral growth\ndynamics and characterizing the host transcriptome in response to single and dual virus infections in adult\nflies. In Aim 2, the effects of co-infection on both direct and environmental transmission of the viruses will be\ndetermined. Fecundity, offspring developmental rate, and mortality are major contributors to population\ndynamics and will thus be the focus of Aim 3. Understanding how co-infection alters fly demography will lead to\nmodeling of long-term impacts of co-circulating viruses in infected populations. Statistical and mathematical\nmodeling within and between the three aims will be used to describe the interactions between DCV and DXV\nwithin their shared host. This study will advance the field by generating rich datasets to test models of viral co-\ninfection and by establishing a tractable model system for the study of viral co-infection at multiple\norganizational levels.
390 Many of the outstanding problems in human health are unsolved because they involve complex processes.\nDespite remarkable advances in technology, the solutions will not be found by data alone. To seek solutions,\nwe built a core centered on modeling. A good model gives insight into how a process works and, more\nimportantly, how the process can be manipulated to promote human health. Modeling can serve as a common\nlanguage to link disparate research areas; it improves research at every stage, from hypothesis formulation\nthrough analysis. Ultimately, modeling creates a positive feedback loop with empirical approaches, deepening\nscientific exploration and discovery. During Phase I, we established the Modeling Core centered on a group of\nCore Fellows: postdocs with diverse modeling expertise. Our Core is unique. In contrast to many other centers\nthat focus on a single biomedical problem, we apply modeling to many biomedical problems and, for each of\nthese, can bring multiple types of modeling to bear. Our Core is agile. We can modify our expertise based on\nthe needs of the Center and of the community. Our Core is catalytic. We have shaped interdisciplinary\nresearch in tangible ways: providing modeling expertise to empiricists, growing areas of modeling with high\nimpact, and increasing the number of collaborative proposals and publications. Building on this upward\ntrajectory, our overarching goal is to enhance biomedical discovery across the University and the State by\nintegrating modeling into research via three aims. (1) Support individual Research Projects by engaging in\nintegrative modeling. We achieve this by ensuring that each project has significant effort from a Fellow, and\nthrough our Core Initiative on machine learning that will benefit the projects directly. (2) Extend the Modeling\nCore into emerging research directions. The purpose of this aim is to anticipate and respond to the modeling\nneeds of the research community. This will be accomplished by hiring Fellows in new areas of modeling, by\ngiving current Fellows development opportunities, and by establishing two new Core Initiatives, one in machine\nlearning and one in geospatial modeling. (3) Expand the impact of the Modeling Core across the University and\nState by recruiting more researchers in additional fields. The purpose of this aim is to grow the number of\nparticipants to support the long-term sustainability of the Core and the Center. This will be accomplished\nprimarily by embedding Core Fellows in interdisciplinary teams, as well as by offering Modeling Access Grants\nand training workshops. Completion of these aims will lead to a stronger Core that supports modeling efforts\nand improves biomedical research in Idaho. This will move us closer to our long-term goal of building a\nsustainable Center.
391 Complex diseases often involve changes in DNA sequence, transcription, and epigenetic processes such as\nmethylation. These changes lead to a wide range of symptoms or multiple subtypes of the same disease. In\norder to develop more effective treatments for different disease subtypes, we need to better understand the\ngenes and processes (i.e., transcription and methylation) that drive these differences. Unfortunately,\nidentification of genes and processes that underlie a disease is often compromised by inference based on\ncorrelation, not causation. Our long-term goal is to develop computational methods to infer gene regulatory\nnetworks that are causal for multiple clinical phenotypes using genomic and clinical data of complex diseases.\nIn this project, we will develop and test new statistical approaches to identify regulatory networks involving both\ntranscription and methylation that are potentially causal for disease subtypes. Our strategy is to use the\nprinciple of Mendelian randomization. This assumes that the alleles of a genetic variant are randomly assigned\nto individuals in a population, analogous to a natural perturbation experiment. Whereas most existing methods\nfor studying interactions among genes look at correlation (or association), this principle allows us to separate\ncorrelation due to causation from correlation not due to causation. We will develop our approaches via three\nspecific aims and will use breast cancer as the disease model: (1) Develop a causal network model using\ngenotypes, expression and methylation of single genes. (2) Develop a causal network model to identify\nindividual genes whose transcription or methylation is causal for multiple clinical phenotypes. (3) Develop a\ncausal network model to identify combinations of genes whose transcription or methylation are causal for\nmultiple clinical phenotypes. The models and algorithms developed in this proposal will allow us to make\ncausal statements about the two processes at multiple genes and account for confounding variables, neither of\nwhich has been examined before in similar studies. These models will identify key genes for specific breast\ncancer subtypes and the roles for transcription and methylation when many genes are involved, leading to\nbetter diagnoses and development of novel drug targets.
392 Project Summary/Abstract – Biomedical Research Vivarium\nAnimal models are extensively used by Boise State University investigators and are central to investigations of\ncell-extracellular matrix interactions in pathophysiology of disease progression, wound repair, and tissue\nregeneration. To foster a more sufficient and sustainable research environment, the Biomedical Research\nVivarium is dedicated to supporting investigators of the COBRE in Matrix Biology by providing essential\ntraining, care, housing, regulatory oversight, production, preservation and sharing of mice, rats, and zebrafish\nmodels in a timely and reliable manner. The vivarium will continue to support established investigators,\nmaintaining availability to all researchers for the duration of the grant funding period and beyond. The vivarium\nrepresents a critical component of the research infrastructure that enhances current and future NIH-supported\nresearch. Strengthening the vivarium will meet the needs of investigators and further, will allow expansion of\nBoise State’s biomedical research capabilities. The vivarium has and will continue to enhance our biomedical\nresearch training and education programs for graduate students by providing training in the responsible\nconduct of research. The vivarium will also provide essential research infrastructure necessary for collaborative\nresearch with nearby four-year colleges who do not have access to such facilities. A business plan to allow\nsustainability will be based on a fee-for-service model. Additionally, the research culture shift that has occurred\nat Boise State University during COBRE Phase I will support sustainability into the future as the vivarium works\ntoward AAALAC accreditation.
393 Project Summary – Fitzpatrick\nOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition affecting over one third of the US population over age 65.\nAnalysts expect numbers to rise over the coming decades, given the increasingly aging and obese population.\nKnee OA is most prevalent, and can result in severe pain and debilitation. Since articular cartilage has little\nregenerative ability, no treatment offers a cure. Therefore, preventing OA initiation and limiting progression is\ncritical to reducing incidence and severity. Historically, clinicians have seen OA as a “wear-and-tear” condition\ndriven by mechanical loads. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that initiation and progression is\nmultifaceted. Our goal is to enhance researcher and clinician understanding of OA and improve their ability to\npredict and then treat early onset and progression. Our objective is to develop the data-driven computational\nmodels needed to quantify interactions between the biomechanical, structural, and biological factors. Our\nhypothesis is that particular combinations of mechanical, structural, and biological factors effectively predict\nOA, and a computational model can help researchers and clinicians to quantify interactions and significantly\nimprove their ability to apply effective early intervention strategies. Results would have an enormous functional,\nsocial, and economic impact across an aging population. Our proposed work focuses on three applications of\ncomputational modeling to understand OA: (1) longitudinal cartilage degeneration and relationship to baseline\nbiological and bioimaging markers, (2) the adaptive response of cartilage structure to biological and\nmechanical inputs, and (3) evaluation of computational models as a potential guidance tool for surgical,\nrehabilitation, or musculoskeletal adaptation. Our long-term vision is to develop a computational platform that\nwe can efficiently customize for individual subjects to represent their key biomechanical, structural, and\nbiological parameters, enabling pre-clinical evaluation of surgical interventions or of therapies such as\nexercise/muscle training programs or gait adaptation strategies.
394 PROJECT SUMMARY- Warner\nFibroproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, liver cirrhosis,\ncardiovascular disease, progressive kidney disease, and macular degeneration, to name a few,\nare a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and can affect all tissues and organ\nsystems. A key step in the synthesis of collagen is the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to\nthe endoplasmic reticulum, where it is translated, hydroxylated, and eventually exported to the\ncell membrane through interactions with multiple chaperone proteins. Intercepting the mRNA\nmolecule from the nucleus, or stopping transport of mutant collagen mRNA to the ER could\nprovide a targeted therapy in cases of excessive or inappropriate collagen synthesis. Our long-\nterm goal is to understand the role that LARP6 plays in transport of collagen mRNAs so that we\ncan target this interaction to prevent fibrotic disease progression. The overall objective of this\nproposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive LARP6/mRNA interactions. Our\ncentral hypothesis is that LARP6 utilizes conformational selection in the recognition and\ndiscrimination of collagen mRNAs. We further hypothesize that dynamic sampling of the tandem\narrangement of the La and RRM domains allows LARP6 to accommodate a diverse set of\nmRNA ligands. A logical extension of this hypothesis is that mRNA ligands also may also have\nadapted structure and/or dynamics that in turn guide selection by LARP6. An understanding of\nLARP6-mediated mRNA transport will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets that\ncan mitigate fibroproliferative disease.
395 Mastitis is a common infection ofthe breast during lactation. Mastitis is either infective or due to milk stasis and induces inflammation in the extracellular matrix or stroma of the breast. Mastitis resolves with treatment but causes involution of mammary lobules. Episodes of mastitis are known to increase the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, in the post-lactation period, the breast cancer risk is increased, independent of mastitis. This is in part due to the induction of inflammatory genes during the process of involution. This project aims to determine if breast cancer develops more readily in a post-mastitis milieu. Using high-throughput technologies, we aim to define the acute and chronic changes that mastitis induces in the extracellular matrix (stroma) and how these changes contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Lastly, we aim to define the effects of mastitis on PTHrP signaling in the mammary stroma and PTHrP's role in promoting breast cancer via its effects on mammary stem cells. As a Junior Investigator in the COBRE in Matrix Biology, I will work with my scientific mentor to complete the scientific aims and to develop a grant proposal for future R01 funding.
396 High-end computational services and data management resources are key to sustaining internationally competitive biomedical research. The need for computational infrastructure will become even greater as genomics resources become more sophisticated and ubiquitous (see Genomic Resources Core). This section describes our plan to implement an innovative feedback lifecycle model for providing sustainable computational resources for research program development and customer support services. With NIH investments from previous COBRE awards, we have implemented a state of the art Computational Resources Core (CRC) in the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST) at the University of Idaho. The primary mission of the existing CRC has been to use COBRE funds to develop biomedical research capacity. The CRC currently enables several computationally intensive biomedical research projects, including molecular modeling, statistical simulations, computer algorithm development, and machine learning and data mining. The aim of this proposed COBRE project is to gradually wean the CRC from COBRE dependence by implementing a business model for fiscal autonomy, without sacrificing flexibility or innovation. The keystone of our plan is to implement a Feedback Lifecycle Model, with two mutually reinforcing pieces: one with purchased equipment for research Program Development and one with leased high-end equipment to support users with independent funding. Our objective is to recruit researchers to develop ideas and preliminary data for future projects on the Program Development system, to perform those projects on the Customer Supported System (leased), and (the key point) to purchase post-lease equipment for the development system while using user fees to maintain the leased systems. COBRE funds will support Program Development operations while we implement the leased system, to improve our data transport hardware and software so that the two systems will be compatible, and to "prime the pump" by moving the first round of equipment from the fee-for-service system to the development system, after the first round of leases expire.
project_title
1 COBRE in Nutrition and Women's Health
2 Research Core
3 Research Project - RPL Chen
4 Research Project - RPL Lane
5 Alteration and Renovation
6 Administrative Core
7 Research Project - RPL Brown
8 Novel Hybrid Computational Models to Disentangle Complex Immune Responses
9 Bridges to the Baccalaureate Research Training Program T34
10 Eradicating Misconceptions about Viruses using Multimodal Trace Data in an Intelligent Game-based Environment across Educational Contexts
11 FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TESTING CORE (FaCT CORE)
12 Emerging Technologies for Early Detection of Distal Leg Stress Fracture.
13 Optimizing Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.
14 Convergent Engineering and Biomolecular Science
15 Development and validation of a smart harness to study babies with developmental dysplasia of the hip
16 Administrative Core
17 Novel technique to detect microcracks in the progression of Osteoporosis
18 Sequence-structure-function relationships in human visual photopigments
19 Investigating tyrosine phosphorylation of Notch proteins
20 Identifying phage-bacteria interactions using a multispecies model
21 Chemical tools to investigate chain-flipping in quorum signal synthases
22 Chemical tools to investigate chain-flipping in quorum signal synthases
23 Effects of sex-dependent susceptibility to CNS inflammatory demyelination on the intestinal mucosa
24 Targeting the GABA-modulator microbiota against the progression of CNS inflammatory demyelination
25 Chemical probes to modulate acyl-homoserine lactone quorum signal synthesis
26 Chemical probes to modulate acyl-homoserine lactone quorum signal synthesis
27 Regulation of the DYRK1A kinase by the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule DSCAM
28 Harnessing endothelial cell transdifferentiation for cardiovascular therapy
29 Biogenic amines, malaria and manipulation of mosquito physiology and behavior.
30 Biogenic amines, malaria and manipulation of mosquito physiology and behavior.
31 Live Cell Imaging System for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology Research
32 Southwest Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate Program
33 Southwest Idaho Bridges to Baccalaureate Program
34 3D in vitro model of skeletal muscle development using stiffening silk biomaterials
35 Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Inflammatory Cytokine Oncostatin M
36 Role of Distortion Energy in Fibroblast-Mediated Remodeling of Collagen Matrices
37 An Engineered Robotic Plasma Array for Large Area Surface Decontamination
38 The role of aberrant gene expression in chlamydial persistence and reactivation
39 The role of aberrant gene expression in chlamydial persistence and reactivation
40 Regulation of Collagen Type I Expression by Chaperone-Mediated mRNA Remodeling
41 Regulation of Collagen Type I Expression by Chaperone-Mediated mRNA Remodeling
42 Generating Accurate Estimates of Required Sample Size for Multilevel Implementation Studies in Mental Health
43 Generating Accurate Estimates of Required Sample Size for Multilevel Implementation Studies in Mental Health
44 Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
45 Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
46 OSM-induced IL-6 and ER status in metastatic breast cancer
47 Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
48 Genetic Factors Mediating Thyroid Hormone-Induced Opsin Switching in Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptors
49 Genetic Factors Mediating Thyroid Hormone-Induced Opsin Switching in Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptors
50 Genetic Factors Mediating Thyroid Hormone-Induced Opsin Switching in Zebrafish Cone Photoreceptors
51 Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration
52 Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
53 Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
54 Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
55 Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
56 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
57 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
58 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
59 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
60 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
61 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
62 Role of LINC-mediated Mechanosignaling in MSC Aging
63 Diversification of outputs from the Notch signaling mechanism
64 Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
65 Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
66 Diversity Supplement: Determinants of Hsp90-client interaction
67 Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
68 Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
69 Determinants of the Hsp90-client interaction
70 Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
71 Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
72 Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
73 Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
74 Interaction of alpha-crystallin with cholesterol bilayer domains in cataract formation
75 Role of Distortion Energy in Fibroblast-Mediated Remodeling of Collagen Matrices
76 Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
77 Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
78 Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
79 Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
80 Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
81 Randomized trial of a leadership and organizational change strategy to improve the implementation and sustainment of digital measurement-based care in youth mental health services
82 Establishing a Novel Neural Tissue Deformation Biomarker for Type 1 Chiari Malformation
83 Establishing a Novel Neural Tissue Deformation Biomarker for Type 1 Chiari Malformation
84 Determination of the signals that control the chlamydial developmental cycle
85 Determination of the signals that control the chlamydial developmental cycle
86 Musculoskeletal adaptation of young and older adults in response to environmental, physical, and cognitive conditions
87 Dynamically Controlled Plasma Scalpel for Wound Debridement
88 Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
89 Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
90 Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
91 Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
92 Mammary and milk microbiomes and metabolomes - Understanding early variation and impacts on risk for mammary inflammation and mastitis
93 Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
94 Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
95 Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
96 Measurement of Agricultural and Dietary Glyphosate Exposure among Pregnant Women
97 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
98 HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
99 HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
100 HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
101 HCMV infection downregulates nidogen 1 and myelin protein zero
102 Controlling matrix metalloproteinase activity for engineered tendon formation
103 Controlling matrix metalloproteinase activity for engineered tendon formation
104 Efficacy of a Web-Based Alcohol Intervention for High School Students
105 Efficacy of a Web-Based Alcohol Intervention for High School Students
106 Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
107 Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
108 Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
109 Malaria and allergic inflammatory changes to the gut barrier
110 Autophagy dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease by VPS35 D620N
111 The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
112 The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
113 The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
114 OFF bipolar cell receptive field development and plasticity
115 The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
116 OFF bipolar cell receptive field development and plasticity
117 The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
118 The Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate
119 Engineering Viruses for Cancer Therapy
120 Engineering Viruses for Cancer Therapy
121 Development of Novel Antibiotics to Treat Protozoan Parasites
122 Equipment for Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Genome by 3D Orbital Tracking
123 Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Genome by 3D Orbital Tracking
124 Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Transcription and Splicing by Two Photon 3D Orbital Tracking
125 Ocular vasculature and retinal neurogenesis
126 Ocular vasculature and retinal neurogenesis
127 Midgut mitochondria as the key to fit, Plasmodium-resistant Anopheline mosquitoes
128 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES
129 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES
130 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES
131 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TRANSMISSIBLE VACCINES
132 A Mathematical Theory of Transmissible Vaccines
133 Autophagy dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease by VPS35 D620N
134 Synapses in Regenerated Retina
135 Synapses in Regenerated Retina
136 Acyl-homoserine lactone signal fidelity enforcing mechanism in bacterial communication
137 Causal inference of gene regulatory networks with application to breast cancer
138 Causal inference of gene regulatory networks with application to breast cancer
139 Causal inference of gene regulatory networks with application to breast cancer
140 Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications, recommended safety procedures, and education
141 Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications, recommended safety procedures, and education
142 Reducing logging fatality and non-fatal trauma incidence rates with new real-time operational GPS-VHF communications, recommended safety procedures, and education
143 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
144 Administrative Core
145 Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
146 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
147 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
148 Deep learning for breast ultrasound tumor detection
149 Modeling Core
150 Population dynamic models of microbial interactions
151 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
152 Modeling Core
153 Causal network inference with application to breast cancer
154 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
155 Deep learning for breast ultrasound tumor detection
156 Causal network inference with application to breast cancer
157 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
158 Disease severity during viral co-infection
159 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
160 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
161 Administrative Core
162 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
163 Administrative Core
164 Modeling Core
165 Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
166 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
167 Modeling Core
168 Administrative Core
169 Center for Modeling Complex Interactions
170 Sequence-structure-function relationships in human visual photopigments
171 Identifying phage-bacteria interactions using a multispecies model
172 Identification of mRNA targets of small regulatory RNAs in P. gingivalis
173 Identification of mRNA targets of small regulatory RNAs in P. gingivalis
174 Nucleoid structure and energy metabolism in chlamydial gene expression
175 Nucleoid structure and energy metabolism in chlamydial gene expression
176 Center of Biomedical Research
177 Biomolecular Research Core
178 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
179 Biomedical Research Vivarium
180 Center of Biomedical Research
181 Center of Biomedical Research
182 Biomedical Research Vivarium
183 VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
184 Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
185 Administrative Core
186 Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
187 Administrative Core
188 Vivarium Core
189 Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch,
190 Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
191 Center of Biomedical Research
192 Center of Biomedical Research
193 Center of Biomedical Research
194 Biomedical Research Vivarium
195 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
196 Administrative Core
197 SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Studies in Southwest Idaho
198 Effects of sex-dependent susceptibility to CNS inflammatory demyelination on the intestinal mucosa
199 Administrative Core
200 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
201 Administrative Core
202 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
203 Biomolecular Research Core
204 Biomedical Research Vivarium
205 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
206 Biomolecular Research Core
207 Role of mechanical stress in mitigating chemotherapy-associated bone loss
208 Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
209 Administrative Core
210 3D in vitro model of skeletal muscle development using stiffening silk biomaterials
211 VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
212 Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
213 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
214 Biomolecular Research Core
215 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
216 Biomolecular Research Core
217 VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
218 Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology Phase II
219 Acquisition of a Dynamic Imaging System
220 University of Idaho Campus Suicide Prevention
221 University of Idaho Campus Suicide Prevention
222 Autoinductive Signal Amplification
223 Nuclear Localization of an Amino-Terminal Fragment of Apolipoprotein E4 in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain
224 Molecular Mechanisms of ApoE4 Proteolysis in Alzheimer's Disease
225 Examining the neurobehavioral and toxic effects of an amino-terminal fragment of ApoE4 in zebrafish
226 COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
227 COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
228 COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
229 COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
230 COBRE Phase III: Transitional Center for Research on Processes in Evolution
231 Identification and Characterization of an Integrin - Notch Signaling Axis
232 Low Cost Diagnosis of Disease using Synthetic DNA Reactions
233 Low Cost Diagnosis of Disease using Synthetic DNA Reactions
234 Low Cost Diagnosis of Disease using Synthetic DNA Reactions
235 Role of molecular recognition in retinal patterning and synaptic organization
236 Role of molecular recognition in retinal patterning and synaptic organization
237 THE ORIGIN AND SPREAD OF MOSAIC PLASMIDS ENCODING MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE(Research Supplement to Promote Diversity)
238 Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
239 Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
240 Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
241 Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: The Evolution of Plasmid Host-Range
242 Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
243 Plasmids as Vectors of Antibiotic Resistance: The Evolution of Plasmid Host-Range
244 Plasmid-Bacteria Coevolution Promotes the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance
245 Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
246 Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
247 Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
248 Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
249 Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
250 Patterns of Adaptive Evolution
251 Repair of HCMV-Induced DNA Damage in Infected Cells
252 Repair of HCMV-Induced DNA Damage in Infected Cells
253 Idaho INBRE Program
254 Idaho INBRE Program
255 Idaho INBRE Program
256 Idaho INBRE Program
257 Idaho INBRE Program
258 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
259 Developmental Research Project Program
260 Quantitative image analysis to determine the function of selected microglia-expressed genes in retinal development and regeneration
261 Idaho INBRE Program
262 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
263 Idaho INBRE Program
264 Idaho INBRE Program
265 Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
266 Idaho INBRE Women's health: contribution of mammary mitochondrial dysfunction to poor milk production in diabetic mothers
267 Idaho INBRE SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance using viral genome sequencing and analyses
268 Idaho INBRE Program
269 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
270 Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
271 Idaho INBRE Program
272 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
273 Developmental Research Project Program
274 Idaho INBRE Program- UI Equipment Upgrade for INBRE Data Science Core
275 Idaho INBRE Program
276 Idaho INBRE Program
277 Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
278 Cellular Crosstalk Between Glioma and Blood-brain Barrier Endothelia
279 Developmental Research Project Program
280 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
281 Idaho INBRE Program
282 Idaho INBRE Program
283 Idaho INBRE Program
284 Women's health: interplay of maternal diet and key demographics on neurological health in the rural frontier and remote West
285 Idaho INBRE Program- Computer-aided drug development coupled with allergic response biology to identify novel therapeutics
286 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
287 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
288 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
289 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
290 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
291 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
292 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
293 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development
294 Computational Resources Core (CRC)
295 Computational Resources Core (CRC)
296 Computational Resources Core (CRC)
297 Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
298 TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
299 Administrative Core
300 Population dynamic models of microbial interactions
301 The Administrative Core
302 Administrative Core
303 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
304 Vivarium Core
305 Biomolecular Research Core
306 Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch,
307 Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
308 Administrative Core
309 Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch,
310 Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
311 Modeling Core
312 Administrative Core
313 Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
314 Administrative Core
315 Disease severity during viral co-infection
316 Administrative Core
317 Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
318 Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch,
319 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
320 Developmental Research Project Program
321 The Administrative Core
322 Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
323 Administrative Core
324 Mechanisms for matrix-dependent BBB dysfunction
325 VPS35 D620N inhibits autophagy through disrupted hyaluronic acid-CD44 signaling
326 Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
327 TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
328 Investigation of a potential MGP negative feedback loop mediated by BMP, Notch,
329 Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
330 Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
331 Biomolecular Research Core
332 Matrix Mechanobiology of Ligament Repair
333 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
334 Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
335 Genomics Resources Core (GRC)
336 Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
337 The Administrative Core
338 Disease severity during viral co-infection
339 Disease severity during viral co-infection
340 Consolidation Core
341 Alteration & Renovation (at PUI)
342 Computational Resources Core (CRC)
343 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
344 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
345 Vivarium Core
346 Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
347 Administrative Core
348 Vivarium Core
349 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
350 Administrative Core
351 Modeling Core
352 Idaho INBRE Bioinformatics Core
353 Idaho INBRE Administrative Core
354 Developmental Research Project Program
355 Administrative Core
356 Vivarium Core
357 TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
358 Biomolecular Research Core
359 Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
360 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
361 Disease severity during viral co-infection
362 Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
363 Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
364 Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
365 Agent-based modeling of viral co-infection
366 The Administrative Core
367 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
368 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
369 Administrative Core
370 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
371 Biomolecular Research Core
372 Deep learning for breast ultrasound tumor detection
373 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
374 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
375 TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
376 Administrative Core
377 Consequences of AhR signaling during liver fibrosis
378 Administrative Core
379 The Administrative Core
380 BIOINFORMATICS CORE
381 Administrative Core
382 Modeling Core
383 Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
384 RESEARCH PROJECT CORE
385 TRAINING, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AND DIVERSITY CORE
386 Administrative Core
387 Biomolecular Research Core
388 Modeling Core
389 Multi-level dynamics of viral co-infection
390 Modeling Core
391 Causal network inference with application to breast cancer
392 Biomedical Research Vivarium
393 A Systems-level Computational Approach to Investigate the Initiation and Progression of Osteoarthritis
394 Elucidating the structure-function relationship of LARP6-mediated collagen mRNA transport
395 Impact of mastitis in breast cancer formation
396 Computational Resources Core (CRC)
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1 PROJECT NARRATIVE – OVERALL COMPONENT\n Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) in Nutrition and Women’s Health\nInadequate or imbalanced nutrition is one of the most interwoven, unifying themes underlying poor health\namong women across the lifespan. This COBRE will support research leading to evidence-based practices to\nimprove women’s health through better nutrition. This research addresses the roles of gender in health and\ndisease; promotes participation of women in clinical nutrition research; and integrates sex as a biological\nvariable in basic, preclinical, and translational nutrition research.
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8 Innate immune manipulation holds enormous promise for reducing the severity of infections and other \nhuman diseases. A new family of computational tools will be developed for predicting the multidimensional \ntime events of the innate immune that prevent mortality during lethal respiratory viral infections. Without \nsuch a mathematical framework in place, the design of immunotherapies will be slowed, or worse, \ndangerous, and faulty.
9 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nWhile scientific talent is distributed broadly across the United States, opportunities to develop such talent are\nnot. We have identified a partnership between the University of Idaho (U of I) and North Idaho College (NIC) as\na mechanism to bring biomedical research training opportunities to students in Northern Idaho who would not\notherwise have them. Our program will provide students enrolled at NIC an opportunity to engage in independent\nresearch before and after transfer to U of I to complete a biomedical bachelor’s degree, with the long-term goal\nof increasing the size and diversity of the biomedical research workforce.
10 Project Narrative\nPublic misconceptions about infectious diseases are a growing threat to our nation’s ability to\ncombat disease outbreaks. This project seeks to use innovative and compelling game-based\nsimulations to remediate misconceptions about infectious diseases. These simulations will be\npart of an integrated educational program designed to build systems thinking and data literacy\nskills and increase the awareness of and enthusiasm for biomedical careers.
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13 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nNeurostimulation is a proven treatment for Parkinson’s disease and promising for many other brain diseases\nsuch as epilepsy and traumatic brain injury. However, two of the greatest challenges of this treatment is that it\nrequires a bulky, invasive device and a long period of manual adjustment to provide the best treatment for a\npatient. This project will develop a next-generation closed-loop neurostimulation system that can dynamically\nadjust stimulation based on measured brain signals and validate the system in a rodent model of Parkinson’s\ndisease.
14 PROJECT NARRATIVE ─ OVERALL\nThe goal of this proposed COBRE in Convergent Engineering and Biomolecular Science (CEBS) is to support\nthe growth of multidisciplinary collaborative research at Boise State University and build research infrastructure\nthrough the creation and consolidation of research core facilities. The Center will also provide expertise,\ntraining, and mentoring in convergent research to help Research Project Leaders to become independent\ninvestigators. Together, these efforts will contribute to creation of a nationally recognized biomedical research\ncenter supporting the growing critical need in human healthcare for the development of medical devices and\nsensors.
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19 Narrative:\nThe Notch signaling mechanism is emerging as a central control point through which\ncellular microenvironment regulates cell behavior in both healthy and diseased tissues.\nOur data has uncovered a novel collaboration between integrins, Src kinase, and Notch\nthat we hypothesize regulates Notch response to several microenvironmental stimuli.\nThe main goal of this proposal is to understand microenvironmental regulation of Notch\nby integrins and Src kinase, and how this impacts vascular health.
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21 PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will validate tools for determining chain flipping rate constants in\nAHL quorum signal synthase enzymes. This information is critical to achieve selectivity in quorum sensing\ninhibition. Small molecules that selectively modulate quorum sensing will provide valuable leads for\ndeveloping novel antivirulent compounds in antibacterial therapy.
22 PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will validate tools for determining chain flipping rate constants in\nAHL quorum signal synthase enzymes. This information is critical to achieve selectivity in quorum sensing\ninhibition. Small molecules that selectively modulate quorum sensing will provide valuable leads for\ndeveloping novel antivirulent compounds in antibacterial therapy.
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24 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nReduced serum and intestinal levels of the inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are\nfound in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Because of their role modulating GABA/Glutamate levels, intestinal\nmicrobes can be targeted for GABAergic, inhibitory, and immunomodulatory effects. We propose that the\nmicrobiota and its impact on systemic and neural GABA metabolism are key contributing factors to the clinical\nprogression of MS. Our goal is to determine whether increased intestinal and systemic GABA levels induced\nby treatment with a probiotic designed to enhance its synthesis will decrease inflammation by promoting\nimmunomodulatory T cell responses in a murine model of MS. Furthermore, following the undergraduate\nresearch culture of EWU the interdisciplinary envision of the project will provide an opportunity for\nundergraduate students from EWU and graduate students from WSU to obtain training in biomedical research,\nwith particular focus on the gut-brain interactions.
25 PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will provide foundation data on AHL specificities for a broader\narray of AHL synthases. This information is critical to evaluate the potential of AHL analogs as\nchemical probes to discover novel binding pockets and modulators for AHL quorum signal\nsynthases. Small molecules that modulate quorum sensing will provide new and valuable tools to\nphysicians to reduce infection rate and defeat multi-drug resistant organisms.
26 PROJECT NARRATIVE STATEMENT\nResearch described in this application will provide foundation data on AHL specificities for a broader\narray of AHL synthases. This information is critical to evaluate the potential of AHL analogs as\nchemical probes to discover novel binding pockets and modulators for AHL quorum signal\nsynthases. Small molecules that modulate quorum sensing will provide new and valuable tools to\nphysicians to reduce infection rate and defeat multi-drug resistant organisms.
27 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nCell adhesion molecules help to sculpt the nervous system and their abnormal expression has been linked to a\nrange of human diseases including autism, blindness and schizophrenia. How interactions at the cell surface\ndetected by cell adhesion molecules are then transduced into outcomes remains poorly understood. Here we\nwill utilize mouse models to test how signaling molecules associated with cell surface receptors contribute to\nneural development.
28 The proposed work will determine if cardiac myocytes are naturally replenished in adult mice through\ntransdifferentiation of endothelial cells or if endothelial cells make cytoplasmic contributions to cardiac\nmyocytes through extracellular vesicle transfer. This question will be explored using advanced cell\nlineage tracing methods. Knowledge gained from the proposed study could lead to an improved\nunderstanding and the development of novel strategies that harness endothelial cell function for\ncardiovascular therapies.
29 Project Narrative\nNearly 60% of the global population is at risk for malaria, a disease caused by mosquito-borne parasites that\ncirculate in human blood. These studies focus on two molecules, histamine and serotonin, which circulate in\nblood, are associated with dangerous symptoms of malaria, and are ingested by mosquitoes when they feed\non blood. We hypothesize that ingested histamine and serotonin alter mosquito physiology to favor malaria\nparasite transmission, suggesting that future interventions to block these small molecules in humans would\nreduce both disease and mosquito transmission.
30 Project Narrative\nNearly 60% of the global population is at risk for malaria, a disease caused by mosquito-borne parasites that\ncirculate in human blood. These studies focus on two molecules, histamine and serotonin, which circulate in\nblood, are associated with dangerous symptoms of malaria, and are ingested by mosquitoes when they feed\non blood. We hypothesize that ingested histamine and serotonin alter mosquito physiology to favor malaria\nparasite transmission, suggesting that future interventions to block these small molecules in humans would\nreduce both disease and mosquito transmission.
31 Project Narrative\nThis equipment is designed to examine structure and function of live cells under external mechanical stimuli.\nUnderstanding how signals associated with physiological force regulate cellular function is of paramount interest\nfor potential therapeutic interventions and poised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and\nprevention of musculoskeletal decline as seen in cancer, aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal\nconditions.
32 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe T34 Bridges to the Baccalaureate proposal is designed as a continuation of the Southwest Idaho Bridges\nto Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) Program, an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho currently\nfunded by the NIH R25 mechanism. The SWID B2B program supports both the transition of underrepresented\n(UR) students from College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise\nState University and their successful graduation. This B2B program has established the long-term goal of\nincreasing the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in\nthe biomedical sciences. The short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR\nstudents who transfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and the number of UR\nstudents that graduate from BSU, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. This\nprogram will include annual cohorts of 10 UR students and will also benefit many others through enhanced\ncourses and information regarding the biomedical research career landscape.
33 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe T34 Bridges to the Baccalaureate proposal is designed as a continuation of the Southwest Idaho Bridges\nto Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) Program, an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho currently\nfunded by the NIH R25 mechanism. The SWID B2B program supports both the transition of underrepresented\n(UR) students from College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree programs at Boise\nState University and their successful graduation. This B2B program has established the long-term goal of\nincreasing the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that pursue research careers in\nthe biomedical sciences. The short-term goals of this B2B program are to i) increase the number of UR\nstudents who transfer to BSU into biomedical science majors, ii) increase retention and the number of UR\nstudents that graduate from BSU, and iii) prepare UR students for careers in the biomedical sciences. This\nprogram will include annual cohorts of 10 UR students and will also benefit many others through enhanced\ncourses and information regarding the biomedical research career landscape.
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35 PROJECT NARRATIVE/RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH\nDespite new drugs, as well as improved screening and detection methods, the survival rate for breast cancer\npatients with distant metastases remains a dismal 27%. Therapeutics targeting early stages of metastasis, when\nintervention could be most efficacious, are sorely needed. Our long-term goal is to develop a drug that blocks\nthe action of oncostatin M (OSM)—a protein implicated in the early stages of breast cancer metastasis and in\nother diseases.
36 SPECIFIC AIMS\nIn 2016, the Northwest Tissue Mechanics laboratory launched a standalone software application called\nFiberFitTM. This free software tool was developed to quantify material anisotropy in biological tissue. Material\nanisotropy describes the directional dependence of the material structure, and the mechanical and chemical\nbehavior of biological tissue is regulated by the anisotropy of fibrillar networks. Two essential structural\nparameters that mathematically describe the material anisotropy in fibrillar soft tissue are the mean fiber\norientation and the distribution of the fiber orientations, also called fiber dispersion. The accurate measurement\nof these parameters is of major importance in understanding structure-function relationships at molecular and\nmacroscales in biological systems, and in the engineering of advanced materials, including textiles,\nelectrospun scaffolds, and fiber reinforced composites. FiberFit is the first and only software application to 1)\nfully automate the extraction of these parameters, 2) evaluate multiple images simultaneously, and 3) provide\nvalidation of system accuracy. FiberFit software can be freely downloaded to use on Windows and Mac\noperating systems.\nIn the parent R15 application, “Role of Distortion Energy in Fibroblast-Mediated Remodeling of Collagen\nMatrices”, FiberFit is used extensively to quantify changes in fibrillar anisotropy when applying variable cyclic\nloading conditions to three-dimensional cellular scaffolds. The tracked spatiotemporal changes in fibrillar\nalignment are then used in a growth and remodeling algorithm to describe and predict fibroblast-mediated\nremodeling and repair of the extracellular matrix. FiberFit has now been used in five previous publications from\nthe PI’s lab, and has been used outside the PI’s lab, including the quantification of structural changes in\ntumors, liver, and muscle, and within the cell cytoskeleton. These publications showcase the extremely broad\nuserbase that FiberFit has the potential to support. The two-dimensional images analyzed by FiberFit can be\nacquired from numerous imaging modalities, including light and fluorescence microscopy, SEM, TEM, SHG,\nand optical cameras. Length scales can vary from molecular to macroscopic, and materials can be biological,\ninorganic, or engineered.\nDespite the functional advantages and free access of FiberFit, the adoption of FiberFit into research\nlaboratories has not achieved it’s potential. One clear barrier to the widespread adoption of FiberFit is the\ninherent challenges in running and maintaining standalone software on operating systems that evolve and\ndiscourage non-certified applications (e.g. Mac). This barrier can be eliminated by transitioning FiberFit to the\ncloud. As a cloud-based application, FiberFit could be run on most operating systems and devices, and\nfunctionality could be improved with user accounts that store images and preferences. The objective of this\nproject is to re-engineer FiberFit to be a robust, intuitive, and sustainable cloud-based application.\nAim 1: Re-engineer FiberFit to be cloud ready\nThe python based FiberFit application will be re-engineered and be deployed as a public cloud-based\napplication. Development of this software will follow best design practices for a robust and scalable software\nplatform. A sequential testing framework will be utilized to ensure that the software can be easily adopted by\nthe end users. This first aim will be completed by a senior software engineer who leads efforts in cloud\ndeployment at Boise State University\nAim 2: Promote widespread community adoption of FiberFit\nA successful launch of FiberFit will require supportive documentation and pre-processing features to\nencourage broad adoption. Documentation will include user manuals, video tutorials, embedded notifications,\nand helpful rollover captions. Pre-processing features will allow image cropping and reduction of edge effects.\nInitial deployment will follow a two-tier strategy of gradually increasing usership. To increase community\nawareness, a workshop featuring FiberFit will be proposed for the World Congress of Biomechanics\nconference. This second aim will be completed by the software engineer, a computing student, and the PI.\nWe anticipate that this project will take 9-12 months. With a successful launch, we believe that FiberFit can\nimpact thousands of research projects in disparate fields around the world. In the future, we envision that\nFiberFit will become a suite of automated and validated image processing tools that provide turn-key solutions\nto accelerate the pace of discovery in biomedical sciences and material science and engineering.
37 Public Health Relevance Statement\nThe proposed project is relevant to public health because it provides new decontamination technology to inactivate viruses\nand bacterial pathogens on surfaces in medical facilities such as walls, door handles, and tables that contribute to the\nspread of disease, and result in significant increases in facility and healthcare costs. This new technology consists of an\nautonomous robotically deployed plasma treatment device to clean surfaces without using harsh chemical disinfectants or\nrequiring constant operation by cleaning personnel.
38 Project Narrative:\nChlamydia trachomatis infections in humans affect millions of people worldwide, affecting the\nreproductive health of women and causing eye infections leading to blindness. Treatment failure\nand recurrent infections are significant problems contributing to the pathogenesis of these infec-\ntions. Our studies will uncover the molecular details leading to cell phenotypes that lead to per-\nsistent infections.
39 Project Narrative:\nChlamydia trachomatis infections in humans affect millions of people worldwide, affecting the\nreproductive health of women and causing eye infections leading to blindness. Treatment failure\nand recurrent infections are significant problems contributing to the pathogenesis of these infec-\ntions. Our studies will uncover the molecular details leading to cell phenotypes that lead to per-\nsistent infections.
40 Narrative\nPathological fibrosis is a result of abnormal tissue repair, which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality\nworldwide. The hallmark of fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular collagen, which our work aims to\naddress by studying the cellular mechanisms of collagen synthesis. This project will enhance our collective\nunderstanding of how to better treat fibrosis while providing opportunities for undergraduate students to gain\nhands-on experience in biomedical research.
41 Narrative\nPathological fibrosis is a result of abnormal wound healing, which can lead to organ failure with an estimated\n45% of all deaths in industrialized countries attributed to chronic fibrotic diseases. The hallmark of fibrosis is\nthe accumulation of extracellular collagen, which our work aims to address by studying the cellular\nmechanisms of collagen synthesis to enhance our collective understanding of how to better treat fibrosis. This\nproject will provide opportunities for undergraduate students to gain hands-on experience in biomedical\nresearch.
42 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nImplementation science studies how to improve the adoption and integration of evidence-based health\ninterventions in community settings. One important barrier to progress in this field is related to study design—\nscientists do not have key pieces of information they need to accurately determine the required sample size for\ntheir implementation studies. The proposed project addresses this barrier by analyzing data from already\ncompleted implementation studies in behavioral health settings, extracting the necessary pieces of information,\nand summarizing and publishing these results for the field.
43 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nImplementation science studies how to improve the adoption and integration of evidence-based health\ninterventions in community settings. One important barrier to progress in this field is related to study design—\nscientists do not have key pieces of information they need to accurately determine the required sample size for\ntheir implementation studies. The proposed project addresses this barrier by analyzing data from already\ncompleted implementation studies in behavioral health settings, extracting the necessary pieces of information,\nand summarizing and publishing these results for the field.
44 Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
45 Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
46 NARRATIVE\nThe proposed work will clarify the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) status in the regulation of oncostatin M\n(OSM)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression associated with metastatic breast cancer. Understanding how\nOSM regulates IL-6 production from tumor cells and how this contributes to overall metastasis in an ER- versus\nan ER+ background is essential, as studies move forward in the development of anti-OSM/OSMRβ targeted\ntherapeutics.
47 Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
48 Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, similar to those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
49 Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, similar to those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
50 Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, similar to those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
51 Public Health Impact Statement: Macrophage Determinants of Retinal Regeneration\nIn both zebrafish and humans, an immune response occurs in reaction to retinal damage and death of\nneurons, but whereas zebrafish regenerate their damaged retinal neurons, humans develop a gliotic response.\nIn addition, responding immune cells (specifically microglia and macrophages) appear to contribute to\npathology in humans. This project will investigate contributions of microglia and macrophages to retinal\ndegeneration and regeneration in the zebrafish model system, to provide foundational knowledge that will\nultimately inform the design of therapeutic strategies and treatments for human retinal injury and disease.
52 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
53 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
54 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
55 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nDysfunction of the inner lining of blood vessels that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is implicated in progression\nand perpetuation of inflammation-associated diseases in the central nervous system, including multiple\nsclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, encephalopathies, and brain metastases, that impact the\nlives of 9 million individuals in the United States and carry an annual cost burden of 300 billion dollars. This\nstudy will investigate how changes in the composition of the perivascular extracellular matrix, a dense\nmeshwork of proteins that immediately surrounds the blood vessels, contribute to BBB dysfunction and will\nfocus primarily on the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) decorin and biglycan, which have been\nobserved at abnormally high levels in the perivascular matrix of patients with multiple sclerosis. Understanding\nthe roles of these SLRPs in BBB dysfunction as well as the mechanisms by which they act may allow for the\ndevelopment of novel therapeutic targets for use in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases.
56 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
57 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
58 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
59 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
60 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
61 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in\naging might be, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that\nintra-cellular connectivity maintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes\nmay be the key aspect regulating the nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for\npotential therapeutic interventions and poised to lay the foundation for novel advances in\ntreatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline as seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and\nother musculoskeletal conditions.
62 Project Narrative\nThis proposal is designed to examine that the loss of mechanical perception encountered in aging might\nbe, in-part, due to decreased communication to the nucleus. The premise that intra-cellular connectivity\nmaintained by “Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton” complexes may be the key aspect regulating\nthe nuclear mechanotransduction is of paramount interest for potential therapeutic interventions and\npoised to lay the foundation for novel advances in treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal decline\nas seen in aging, obesity, bedrest and other musculoskeletal conditions.
63 Project Narrative\nNotch signaling is a fundamental mechanism by which multicellular animals regulate cell\nbiology. Despite years of research, we have discovered new and fundamental facets to\nNotch signaling. The goal of this research is to dissect these new components of Notch,\nand integrate our findings into the larger knowledge base of information about this\nimportant signaling system.\n
64 PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
65 PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
66 PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.
67 PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
68 PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
69 PROJECT NARRATIVE:\nThe Hsp90 molecular chaperone assists the folding of many cellular proteins, including\nthose that help drive cancerous growth. Hsp90 inhibitors are effective against cancer,\nbut current inhibitors are too toxic. This project will lead to new strategies to selectively\nalter Hsp90 function, thereby disrupting its role in cancer progression and other diseases\nwhile reducing toxicity due to inhibition of other critical functions.\n!\n!\n!
70 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
71 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
72 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
73 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
74 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nA great deal of evidence suggests that the amount of membrane-bound α-crystallin increases with age and\ncataract progression. We hypothesized that the high cholesterol content and the formation of pure cholesterol\nbilayer domains decreases the binding of α-crystallin to lens membrane, which should protect against cataract\ndevelopment. These studies will provide alternative strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of\ncataract.
75 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe proposed project is relevant to public health because tendon and ligament tears affect over 15 million in\nthe United States each year, and these soft connective tissues have poor healing outcomes that can lead to\nchronic musculoskeletal disorders. Given the impact of these injuries on workplace productivity and quality of\nlife, there is a pressing need to help scientists and clinicians improve treatment options by identifying specific\ntissue deformations that stimulate the repair and regeneration of connective tissue.
76 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
77 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
78 Project Narrative\nEfficacious psychosocial interventions fail to realize their potential public health impact without\nroutine availability in publicly funded mental health care. To fill this critical gap, this proposed\nsupplement supports an early career implementation scientist to pursue an independent\nresearch agenda aiming to leverage existing workforce development infrastructure and harness\ninnovative methods to avoid common implementation strategy design failures, such as poor\nconsideration of salient and malleable determinants of necessary practice changes. This mixed\nmethods study takes the essential first steps toward generating a pragmatic and scalable\nimplementation strategy to enhance the ubiquitous, cost-neutral, and impactful intervention point\nof routine workplace-based clinical supervision to promote fidelity to evidence-based practices\nand improve youth clinical outcomes.
79 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
80 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
81 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nHigh-impact, evidence-based, digital health technologies, such as measurement-based care (MBC) software\napplications, can dramatically improve the outcomes of behavioral health service systems for youth on a\nnational scale. However, the implementation and sustainment of MBC in youth service settings is stifled by\ndeficits in effective leadership and the development of organizational social contexts necessary to support\nMBC implementation and sustainment. This project will test an implementation strategy that can be embedded\nin real-world settings to increase specific, modifiable, leadership and clinician behaviors that contribute to\nsuccessful MBC implementation, sustainment, and clinical outcomes for youth. The project will improve youth\nbehavioral health by advancing the integration of high-impact digital health technologies into routine, publicly-\nfunded behavioral health systems.
82 Project Narrative\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Unfortunately, at present there is no clear-cut biomarker that reflects CM1\npathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection. This project seeks to replace the\nsimplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel MRI-based biomarker that\nquantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the brain and spinal cord.
83 Project Narrative\nUntreated Type 1 Chiari malformation (CM1) is a devastating neurological disorder that can be treated by a\nhigh risk and costly brain operation. Unfortunately, at present there is no clear-cut biomarker that reflects CM1\npathophysiology, allowing physicians a more accurate surgical selection. This project seeks to replace the\nsimplistic CM1 diagnostic measure of cerebellar tonsil descent with a novel MRI-based biomarker that\nquantifies intrinsic cardiac-induced stretching and compression (deformation) of the brain and spinal cord.
84 Narrative\nChlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia as\nwell as other infections of man. Our study investigates the factors that control the unique\ndevelopmental cycle that underlies chlamydial pathogenesis. Understanding the control of the\ncycle will lead to novel targets to disrupt chlamydial pathogenesis.
85 Narrative\nChlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia as\nwell as other infections of man. Our study investigates the factors that control the unique\ndevelopmental cycle that underlies chlamydial pathogenesis. Understanding the control of the\ncycle will lead to novel targets to disrupt chlamydial pathogenesis.
86 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nAccidental falls among people aged 65 years and older cause approximately 2.7 million injuries, 27,000\ndeaths, and cost more than 34 billion dollars in the US annually. Musculoskeletal adaptations in response to\nchallenging external conditions, like a slick surface, are poorly understood. This work will quantify the response\nof the musculoskeletal system and how this response changes with aging, providing critical insight into\ntargeted interventions to reduce costly human injuries.
87 Public Health Relevance Statement\nThe proposed project is relevant to public health because it provides new treatment options to replace harsh\ncleaning procedures used in the wounds that afflict over 6 million U.S. patients, at $25 billion in annual health\ncare costs. The project team will develop a portable and inexpensive plasma scalpel device that can selectively\nremove bacterial biofilms and dead tissue from a wound, while leaving healing healthy tissue unharmed.\nUndergraduate and graduate students in science and engineering will receive training in medical device\nresearch and development, increasing workforce preparedness for 21st century careers in biomedical sciences.
88 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
89 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
90 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
91 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
92 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nInflammation of the mammary gland (mastitis) is the leading cause for cessation of breastfeeding, considered\nthe optimal form of nutrition for almost all newborns worldwide, and a major animal welfare and economic \nburden for the dairy industry. Mastitis has been attributed to bacterial pathogens in the mammary gland, but new\nevidence demonstrates that all milk (healthy and mastitic) contains a community of microbes. Understanding\nthe bacterial community in milk, and its function, with related host immune response will lead to a reduction in\nthe risk of inflammation in dairy cows and women, support breastfeeding, and promote optimal health in \nmothers and infants.
93 Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally-relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate’s extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
94 Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally‐relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate's extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
95 Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally‐relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate's extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
96 Project Narrative:\nGlyphosate is the most heavily used herbicide in the world, and recent studies raise concern about previously\nunrecognized toxic effects of exposure to this compound at environmentally‐relevant levels. Despite\nglyphosate's extensive use, frequent environmental presence and potential toxicity, very little biomonitoring\ndata exists to characterize human exposure to glyphosate. This proposed project aims to assess glyphosate\nexposure among a cohort of pregnant women and to quantify the relative contribution of agricultural and\ndietary sources of this exposure.
97 Narrative\n The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the plasticity of photoreceptor\nprogenitors, and of the photoreceptors themselves. Manipulation of these cells will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury. In addition, this project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-\nreplicated” visual pigment genes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-\nsensitive visual pigments.
98 Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
99 Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
100 Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
101 Project Narrative\nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives\nof the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the\nunderlying mechanisms involved in the development of those defects to ameliorate and, hopefully, prevent\ntheir occurrence.
102 Tendon injuries significantly disrupt human motion and result in long-term deficiencies in mechanical function,\nmotivating the need for tissue engineered replacements. A common tendon tissue engineering strategy is to\nseed collagen scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells, but this approach is challenged by the need to regulate\nboth scaffold remodeling for functional tissue formation and the differentiation of the stem cells toward the\ntendon lineage. We will identify mechanisms for regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and\nremodeling of scaffolds to enhance engineered tendon formation needed for functional replacements.
103 Tendon injuries significantly disrupt human motion and result in long-term deficiencies in mechanical function,\nmotivating the need for tissue engineered replacements. A common tendon tissue engineering strategy is to\nseed collagen scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells, but this approach is challenged by the need to regulate\nboth scaffold remodeling for functional tissue formation and the differentiation of the stem cells toward the\ntendon lineage. We will identify mechanisms for regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and\nremodeling of scaffolds to enhance engineered tendon formation needed for functional replacements.
104 Project Narrative\nUnderage drinking represents a significant public health concern in this United States. Although high\nschool seniors are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with alcohol use,\nstudies evaluating the efficacy of interventions for this age group are limited. This project will directly\ntest a cost-effective, sustainable school-based intervention and identify ways in which the intervention\nmay need to be modified for high school seniors, thereby having the potential to significantly reduce the\npublic health and social problems associated with underage drinking.
105 Project Narrative\nUnderage drinking represents a significant public health concern in this United States. Although high\nschool seniors are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with alcohol use,\nstudies evaluating the efficacy of interventions for this age group are limited. This project will directly\ntest a cost-effective, sustainable school-based intervention and identify ways in which the intervention\nmay need to be modified for high school seniors, thereby having the potential to significantly reduce the\npublic health and social problems associated with underage drinking.
106 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
107 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
108 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
109 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nMore than 6% of African children with severe falciparum malaria (SFM) have bacteremia (intestinal bacteria in\nthe blood) from a “leaky gut” and these children have a case-fatality rate, in some reports, up to 10-fold higher\nthan children with SFM alone. Bacteremia is also relatively frequent in adults (>13% in some settings) and, as\nin children, bacteremic adults are sicker than non-bacteremic adults, are difficult to identify, and difficult to treat\nbecause of high rates of antibiotic resistance. While there is a significant need to reduce the incidence of\nbacteremia, the underlying biology of this problem is unknown so we will use our established malaria model to\nidentify mechanisms that could be targeted in future efforts aimed at mitigating these adverse impacts.
110 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will define a disease mechanism for a Parkinson's disease-causing mutation (D620N) in VPS35. We have evidence indicating that this mutation causes dysregulation of the transcriptome through modulation of RNA-binding protein activity leading to inhibition of autophagy. Knowledge gained from the proposed study could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
111 Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
112 Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
113 Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
114 Adult neurons are not able to make new connections as easily as developing neurons are, however, future\ntherapies aimed at regeneration and repair of neural circuits in the adult nervous system depend critically on\nthe formation of such connections. Here, we will study a recently discovered cell population that has the\nunusual ability to make new connections into adulthood, but under normal conditions does not grow new axons\nor dendrites, so that no new cells are contacted. We will manipulate this cell population to induce axon and\ndendrite outgrowth using transgenic methods, and determine if this model harnesses the potential to form\nstable, functional connections with new cells.
115 Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
116 Adult neurons are not able to make new connections as easily as developing neurons are, however, future\ntherapies aimed at regeneration and repair of neural circuits in the adult nervous system depend critically on\nthe formation of such connections. Here, we will study a recently discovered cell population that has the\nunusual ability to make new connections into adulthood, but under normal conditions does not grow new axons\nor dendrites, so that no new cells are contacted. We will manipulate this cell population to induce axon and\ndendrite outgrowth using transgenic methods, and determine if this model harnesses the potential to form\nstable, functional connections with new cells.
117 Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
118 Project Narrative\nThe proposed work will establish the Southwest Idaho Bridges to the Baccalaureate (SWID B2B) program\ndesigned to create an enduring undergraduate research program in Idaho that supports both the transition of\nunderrepresented students from the College of Western Idaho community college into biomedical degree\nprograms at Boise State University and their successful graduation. Furthermore, it is expected that the SWID\nB2B program will lead to an increase in the number of individuals from underrepresented groups in Idaho that\npursue research careers in the biomedical sciences.
119 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nVirus functionalized with both masking and targeting features will be developed in this project.\nThe engineered virus is expected to limit its exposure to the immune system and prolong its\ncirculating time in the bloodstream, thereby allowing for targeting tumor cells and then\nfacilitating therapeutic efficacy.
120 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nVirus functionalized with both masking and targeting features will be developed in this project.\nThe engineered virus is expected to limit its exposure to the immune system and prolong its\ncirculating time in the bloodstream, thereby allowing for targeting tumor cells and then\nfacilitating therapeutic efficacy.
121 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThe work described in this proposal will establish a fundamentally new family of antibiotics to treat infections\ncaused by the parasitic microorganism Giardia intestinalis, which is responsible for more than 200 million annual\ncases of diarrheal disease worldwide. Increasing reports of treatment failure with standard antibiotics (e.g.\nmetronidazole) make the development of new drugs to combat these infections critically important. Furthermore,\nthe interdisciplinary nature of this project will provide an opportunity for undergraduate students from the College\nof Idaho and Boise State University to gain experience in biomedical research and the process of preclinical\ntesting involved in drug development.
122 Narrative\nFluorescence imaging of transcription in living cells allows us to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of gene\nregulation in the nucleus. The goal of this research is to develop and implement tools to monitor all relevant\nlength and time scales required for researchers to characterize complex and transient biological processes\nrelated to human health and disease.
123 Public Health Relevance/Narrative\nFluorescence imaging of transcription in living cells allows us to visualize the spatiotemporal\ndynamics of gene regulation in the nucleus. The goal of this research is to develop and\nimplement tools to monitor all relevant length and time scales required for researchers to\ncharacterize complex and transient biological processes related to human health and disease.
124 Public Health Relevance/Narrative\nFluorescence imaging of transcription in living cells allows us to visualize the spatiotemporal\ndynamics of gene regulation in the nucleus. The goal of this research is to develop and\nimplement tools to monitor all relevant length and time scales required for researchers to\ncharacterize complex and transient biological processes related to human health and disease.
125 Narrative\n The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the function of developing\nvascular endothelial cells, as well as that of circulating factors, in regulating specific aspects of retinal\nneurogenesis. Abnormalities of the ocular vasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in\ndiseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, macular telangiectasia, Norrie disease, and\nthe wet form of age-related macular degeneration, disorders that collectively affect tens of millions within the\nUnited States alone. Furthermore, an understanding of the contributions of the vascular component of the\nretinal stem cell niche will be crucial for the successful application of stem cell-based therapies for the\ntreatment of retinal disorders.
126 Narrative\n The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the function of developing\nvascular endothelial cells, as well as that of circulating factors, in regulating specific aspects of retinal\nneurogenesis. Abnormalities of the ocular vasculature are critical mediators of pathological progression in\ndiseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, macular telangiectasia, Norrie disease, and\nthe wet form of age-related macular degeneration, disorders that collectively affect tens of millions within the\nUnited States alone. Furthermore, an understanding of the contributions of the vascular component of the\nretinal stem cell niche will be crucial for the successful application of stem cell-based therapies for the\ntreatment of retinal disorders.
127 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The mosquito Anopheles stephensi is an important vector of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Numerous studies have focused on individual effector gene products or signaling pathways that are activated to destroy these parasites, but there is little information on how host fitness and responses to infection are coordinated by basic metabolic processes at the level of mitochondria. Mitochondrial regulation is highly conserved among model invertebrates, allowing us to leverage this biology in novel ways to develop mosquitoes that are both highly fit and Plasmodium-resistant to reduce malaria transmission.
128 Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
129 Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
130 Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
131 Recent advances in genetic engineering have created the possibility of transmissible vaccines - live vaccines that transmit between vaccinated individuals and their contacts. The proposed research will use mathematical models and laboratory experiments to guide the development of safe and effective transmissible vaccines that have the potential to greatly reduce the burden of infectious disease.
132 Each year, millions of people are harmed or killed by viruses that spill over from wild or domestic animal\nreservoirs, and in some cases these spillovers result in devastating pandemics. One new avenue for\nsuppressing these animal pathogens is to develop self-disseminating animal vaccines that block the\nviruses at their source and prevent them from spilling over into the human population. This project uses\na combination of mathematical models and laboratory studies to develop a framework for designing\nself-disseminating vaccines and optimizing their performance.
133 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed work will define a disease mechanism for a Parkinson's disease-causing mutation (D620N) in VPS35. We have evidence indicating that this mutation causes dysregulation of the transcriptome through modulation of RNA-binding protein activity leading to inhibition of autophagy. Knowledge gained from the proposed study could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
134 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Human retinal degenerative diseases and trauma result in the death of retinal neurons, and these neurons are not replaced. It is important to pursue animal models in which functional neuronal replacement (regeneration) does take place. The results of the proposed studies using such a model - the zebrafish - will provide key information regarding the restoration of the synaptic connections of regenerated neurons.
135 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Human retinal degenerative diseases and trauma result in the death of retinal neurons, and these neurons are not replaced. It is important to pursue animal models in which functional neuronal replacement (regeneration) does take place. The results of the proposed studies using such a model - the zebrafish - will provide key information regarding the restoration of the synaptic connections of regenerated neurons. \r\n \r\n\r\n
136 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Quorum Sensing inhibitors are attractive as candidates for 1) developing novel antivirulent compounds in antibacterial therapy and 2) designing chemical probes to investigate social behavior in bacteria. Small molecules that inhibit quorum sensing will provide new and valuable tools to physicians to reduce infection rate and defeat multi-drug resistant organisms. \r\n \r\n\r\n
137 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genes interact with each other, forming gene regulatory networks, to produce and influence phenotypes. Many genetic variations in the genome - including mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variation - have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is of immense interest to understand how these genetic variations influence disease through the networks. I will develop general statistical models and computational strategies for this purpose, and apply these methods specifically to breast cancer in order to understand the mechanisms behind different subtypes.
138 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genes interact with each other, forming gene regulatory networks, to produce and influence phenotypes. Many genetic variations in the genome - including mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variation - have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is of immense interest to understand how these genetic variations influence disease through the networks. I will develop general statistical models and computational strategies for this purpose, and apply these methods specifically to breast cancer in order to understand the mechanisms behind different subtypes.
139 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genes interact with each other, forming gene regulatory networks, to produce and influence phenotypes. Many genetic variations in the genome - including mutations, indels (insertions and deletions), and copy number variation - have been identified for many diseases in genome-wide association studies. It is of immense interest to understand how these genetic variations influence disease through the networks. I will develop general statistical models and computational strategies for this purpose, and apply these methods specifically to breast cancer in order to understand the mechanisms behind different subtypes.
140 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: [We propose several designed field experiments that will be used to evaluate and improve upon the accuracy of integrated Global Positioning System - Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) location systems and identify human factors associated with lack of situational awareness in ground-based and cable logging operations. Based on GPS-VHF accuracy observed in a variety of logging hazard scenarios, we will characterize suitable and unsuitable uses and provided new safety recommendations to logging contractors at regional workshops and as part of professional logger certification programs, thereby reducing fatal and near-fatal logging accident incidence rates. ] \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n
141 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: [We propose several designed field experiments that will be used to evaluate and improve upon the accuracy of integrated Global Positioning System - Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) location systems and identify human factors associated with lack of situational awareness in ground-based and cable logging operations. Based on GPS-VHF accuracy observed in a variety of logging hazard scenarios, we will characterize suitable and unsuitable uses and provided new safety recommendations to logging contractors at regional workshops and as part of professional logger certification programs, thereby reducing fatal and near-fatal logging accident incidence rates. ] \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n
142 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: [We propose several designed field experiments that will be used to evaluate and improve upon the accuracy of integrated Global Positioning System - Very High Frequency (GPS-VHF) location systems and identify human factors associated with lack of situational awareness in ground-based and cable logging operations. Based on GPS-VHF accuracy observed in a variety of logging hazard scenarios, we will characterize suitable and unsuitable uses and provided new safety recommendations to logging contractors at regional workshops and as part of professional logger certification programs, thereby reducing fatal and near-fatal logging accident incidence rates. ] \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n
143 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. \r\n \r\n\r\n
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146 Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
147 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. \r\n \r\n\r\n
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151 Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
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154 Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
155 <NA>
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157 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. \r\n \r\n\r\n
158 <NA>
159 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. \r\n \r\n\r\n
160 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): The Center for Modeling Complex Interactions focuses on biomedical problems that are complex and require too diverse a skill set to be tackled by lone specialists. It brings together empirical scientists and modelers to address problems across all levels of biological organization, from biophysical to ecological. Modeling improves research at all stages - hypothesis formulation, experimental design, analysis, and interpretation - and provides a natural language by which exchange of ideas can highlight commonalities and uncover unforeseen connections between problems. \r\n \r\n\r\n
161 <NA>
162 Modeling efforts for COVID-19 have focused primarily on urban centers, but rural communities—our primary\nsource of food production and natural resource extraction—differ from urban centers in ways that affect the\ndisease and its dynamics. Decision makers need tools tailored to rural communities that emulate the way\npeople interact, consider interventions most relevant to these communities, and account for variation in how\nable and willing people will be to comply with these interventions. The current proposal provides a model of\nCOVID-19 for largely rural states that links the dynamics within communities together into a statewide network\nand provides tools for exploring potential interventions using the model.
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166 Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
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169 Human health is determined by interactions of complex biological systems at multiple scales, from the\necological to the biophysical; these are layered with spatial and temporal variation. To decipher these systems\nrequires predictive modeling, coupled with strong empirical work, to be guided by and to feed the models. The\nCenter for Modeling Complex Interactions generates model-based biomedical research and connects people\nwho might otherwise never interact, which enhances the strong interdisciplinary culture of the University of\nIdaho.
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172 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of our project is to study how the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis can rapidly respond to changes in its environment and control its ability to cause diseases, like gum disease and heart disease. We have developed a new way to find the genes involved in these systems, which can be also be used to study similar systems found in other important disease causing bacterial species. \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n
173 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of our project is to study how the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis can rapidly respond to changes in its environment and control its ability to cause diseases, like gum disease and heart disease. We have developed a new way to find the genes involved in these systems, which can be also be used to study similar systems found in other important disease causing bacterial species.
174 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial intracellular pathogen of major medical importance as it is the leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries and the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This proposal aims to map the topological structure of the chlamydial chromatin and to understand how control of this structure regulates the pathogenic life cycle of Chlamydia.
175 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial intracellular pathogen of major medical importance as it is the leading cause of preventable blindness in developing countries and the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This proposal aims to map the topological structure of the chlamydial chromatin and to understand how control of this structure regulates the pathogenic life cycle of Chlamydia. \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n
176 RELEVANCE (See instructions):\nSuccessful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and\ncapabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease\ndiagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators\nwho may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.
177 Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
178 Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
179 <NA>
180 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs. \r\n \r\n\r\n
181 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs. \r\n \r\n\r\n
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187 Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
188 The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
189 Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
190 Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
191 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs. \r\n \r\n\r\n
192 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs. \r\n \r\n\r\n
193 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE (provided by applicant): Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and capabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators who may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs. \r\n \r\n\r\n
194 <NA>
195 Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
196 <NA>
197 Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
198 <NA>
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200 Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
201 <NA>
202 Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
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205 Project Narrative\nThe proposed acquisition of a live cell imaging system will enhance the share core facilities\nprovided by the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology. This addition will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish\ntheir independently funded biomedical research programs. It will strengthen the research\nenvironment as investigators address challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and\ntreatment through the use of these shared core facilities.
206 <NA>
207 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis project will address the challenge of bone loss in cancer survivors and the increased risk of\nbone fractures. Bone fractures after chemotherapy is a major public health concern and this\nstudy will provide new information that may provide new treatments that will maintain bone\nhealth and prevent bone loss and lower the risk of fractures.
208 ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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213 Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
214 <NA>
215 Project Narrative\nThe proposed growth and enhancement of the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology will\nhave a lasting and significant impact on the success of young investigators as they establish their\nindependently funded biomedical research programs. It will also strengthen the research environment that was\nestablished during Phase I and sustain the change to the research culture that we have observed at Boise\nState University. Phase II will enhance the impact of matrix biology investigation by biomedical researchers\naddressing challenges to disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment through shared core facilities and\nmentored career development strategies. These efforts will contribute to a nationally recognized biomedical\nresearch center.
216 <NA>
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218 Not required for this submission.
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222 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Currently, the ability to detect markers of disease or pollution of food and water is restricted primarily to laboratories that contain expensive equipment and trained personnel to perform the tests. The proposed studies seek to create reagents that will allow untrained personnel to conduct tests in nearly any setting (i.e., not in laboratories). The advance that will make this possible is a set of reagents that will amplify a colorimetric signal fr a detection event to enable assays that are simple to perform, yet that are nearly as sensitive as laboratory assays.
223 Although it is well established that inheritance of the APOE4 allele increases the risk of AD\napproximately tenfold, the mechanism of how this protein contributes to AD pathogenesis remains\nunknown. Emerging data from our lab suggests that the matrix metalloproteinase-9 can generate an\namino-terminal fragment of apoE4 that localizes to the nucleus in microglia of the human AD brain.\nThe present proposal will provide proof-of-concept of those findings by assessing in vitro the\nmechanisms by which this fragment is taken up by microglia, traffics to the nucleus and ultimately\nalters gene expression.
224 Although it is well established that inheritance of the apoE4 allele increases the risk of AD approximately tenfold, the mechanism of how this protein contributes to AD pathogenesis remains unknown. Emerging data suggest a loss of function of apoE4 through proteolytic cleavage, however, the nature of this protease has yet to be identified. The present application will test which protease(s) are responsible for cleaving apoE4, the relative susceptibility of apoE4 cleavage as compared to other apoE isoforms, as well as the extent to which apoE4 caspase-cleaved fragments localize within neurofibrillary tangles of the AD brain. Furthermore, this project provides an opportunity for undergraduates at Boise State University to participate in biomedical research and gain an appreciation of the complex molecular mechanisms that govern apoE4 cleavage. \r\n\r\n
225 Although it is well established that inheritance of the APOE4 allele increases the risk of AD\napproximately fifteen-fold, the mechanism of how this protein contributes to AD pathogenesis remains\nunknown. Emerging data from our lab suggests that a 151 amino-terminal fragment of apoE4, in\nvitro, localizes to the nucleus in neurons and microglia of the human AD brain leading to toxicity and\nactivation of inflammatory pathways. The present proposal will provide proof-of-concept of those\nfindings in vivo, by assessing the mechanisms by which this fragment may induce toxicity,\ndevelopmental abnormalities, and behavior deficits in a model system consisting of zebrafish\nembryos and young adult fish.
226 The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
227 The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
228 The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
229 The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
230 The pathogens and parasites evolved in real time, leading to drug resistance, vaccine failures, host switching, and emergent diseases. These human health problems arise through evolutionary processes, so treatment, and prevention require an understanding of how organisms respond to selective pressure and what factures influence extant diversity and drive the tempo and trajectory of evolutionary processes.
231 Project Narrative\nUnderstanding how cells respond to their immediate surroundings is an important goal\nfor dissecting normal and abnormal cellular behaviors in many human diseases. Our\npreliminary investigations have discovered a novel mechanism enabling the cellular\nmicroenvironment to communicate to cells. The main goal of this proposal is to\ninvestigate the molecular mechanism that drives this communication, and to explore the\nimportance of this communication to basic cell biology.
232 The goal of this research is to develop a point-of-contact device for detecting lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids. As miRNAs are linked to over 180 diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic, this device may impact healthcare by facilitating accurate self-diagnosis of disease on a global scale. The test will only require the mixing together of four fluids, including bodily fluid from the patient, a liquid-based nucleic acid substrate, a liquid-based nucleic acid fuel, and a liquid based reporter complex. \n \n\n
233 The goal of this research is to develop a point-of-contact device for detecting lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids. As miRNAs are linked to over 180 diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic, this device may impact healthcare by facilitating accurate self-diagnosis of disease on a global scale. The test will only require the mixing together of four fluids, including bodily fluid from the patient, a liquid-based nucleic acid substrate, a liquid-based nucleic acid fuel, and a liquid based reporter complex. \n \n\n
234 The goal of this research is to develop a point-of-contact device for detecting lung cancer via engineered reactions between synthetic DNA components and disease-specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids. As miRNAs are linked to over 180 diseases including cardiovascular, neurological, muscular, sexually transmitted, obesogenic, and diabetic, this device may impact healthcare by facilitating accurate self-diagnosis of disease on a global scale. The test will only require the mixing together of four fluids, including bodily fluid from the patient, a liquid-based nucleic acid substrate, a liquid-based nucleic acid fuel, and a liquid based reporter complex.
235 \nProject Narrative\nThe primary goal of the proposed work is to understand how molecular recognition cues\nfacilitate neural patterning. Research will focus on discovering the mechanisms by\nwhich two recognition cues; the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) and\nits homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1), mediate circuit formation within the retina. Both\nDscam and Dscaml1 are required for neurite lamination, neurite arborization and\nregulation of cell number. Therefore, understanding the mechanism by which these\nmolecules function will advance scientific understanding of neural development on\nmultiple fronts. Furthermore, decreasing Dscam dosage decreases the incidence of\nretinal developmental cell death suggesting that the retina may provide an excellent\nsystem in which to model enhanced developmental cell death of neurons that occurs in\nDown syndrome patients, who overexpress Dscam as a result of Chromosome 21\ntrisomy.
236 Project Narrative\nThe primary goal of the proposed work is to understand how molecular recognition cues\nfacilitate neural patterning. Research will focus on discovering the mechanisms by\nwhich two recognition cues; the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) and\nits homologue Dscam-like1 (Dscaml1), mediate circuit formation within the retina. Both\nDscam and Dscaml1 are required for neurite lamination, neurite arborization and\nregulation of cell number. Therefore, understanding the mechanism by which these\nmolecules function will advance scientific understanding of neural development on\nmultiple fronts. Furthermore, decreasing Dscam dosage decreases the incidence of\nretinal developmental cell death suggesting that the retina may provide an excellent\nsystem in which to model enhanced developmental cell death of neurons that occurs in\nDown syndrome patients, who overexpress Dscam as a result of Chromosome 21\ntrisomy. __SpecificAimsTextDelimiter__ \nA) Specific aims\n Development of the retina requires the coordination of multiple highly complex processes including\nneurite arborization and synaptic integration. The differential adhesion hypothesis posits that cell adhesion\nmolecules provide recognition cues that are required for regulation of these processes. The unknown identity\nof such cues has impeded scientific understanding of retinal development. Recent identification of two\nrecognition cues, the Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam), and its homologue Dscam-like1\n(Dscaml1), will facilitate discovery of mechanisms by which the retina is patterned.\n Dscam and Dscaml1 (Dscams) are homophilic cell adhesion molecules that facilitate self-recognition\nwithin single neurons during neurite arborization, within cell types during mosaic soma spacing and between\ncell types during synaptic pairing. DSCAM can also act as a ligand for the axon guidance molecule netrin. In\nthe chick retina, Dscams are required and instructive for synaptic lamination of neurites. In the mouse retina\nDscam is required for neurite arborization, regulation of cell number and soma mosaic spacing of several\namacrine cell types and all assayed retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types, while Dscaml1 functions in a similar\nmanner in A2 amacrine cells and rod bipolar cells. Unlike Drosophila Dscam1, which has thousands of verified\nsplice isoforms to provide molecular diversity, vertebrate Dscams do not undergo extensive alternate splicing.\nThis raises the question of how relatively simple genes can facilitate such a wide range of crucial\ndevelopmental processes in a large number of distinct cell types. One hypothesis is that vertebrate DSCAMs\nact primarily through adhesion as part of a larger adhesion code that provides the diversity of recognition cues\nrequired to pattern the nervous system. A second hypothesis is that vertebrate DSCAMs act primarily through\nrepulsion to prevent the adhesion of other molecules that act as cell type specific identifiers. Alternatively,\nDSCAMs may act through both adhesion and repulsion in different cell types or at different developmental\nstages or may have divergent functions in chick and mouse retina.\n The long-term goal of this project is to discover mechanisms by which molecular recognition\ncues pattern the retina. A unique set of mouse genetic resources including an allelic series and conditional\nallele of Dscam and a null allele of Dscaml1, all developed by the applicant, will be employed to test the\nfollowing hypotheses:\n Aim 1. Test the hypothesis that Dscam has discreet functions that occur in a temporal fashion:\n DSCAMs are reported to act in different processes during retinal development in different species. To\ntest the hypothesis that DSCAM has multiple distinct functions that are temporally regulated we will:\n A. Utilize an allelic series to genetically isolate different Dscam-dependent developmental processes.\n B. Delete Dscam at different developmental time points to test the hypothesis that Dscam has different\n functions with respect to adhesion and repulsion at different developmental stages.\n Aim 2. Test the hypothesis that DSCAM acts through adhesion between synaptic partners\nduring neurite lamination and through repulsion within cell types during neurite arborization.\n DSCAM is proposed to act as a homophilic adhesion molecule, to facilitate both repulsion and\nadhesion. DSCAM can also act as a receptor for the ligand netrin, to mediate axon guidance. A conditional\nallele of Dscam will be used to test the cell autonomy of Dscam by conducting the following experiments:\n A. Delete Dscam from either amacrine or retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and assay the resulting\n phenotype in both the deleted cell types and their synaptic partners to test the hypothesis that Dscam\n acts between cell types during lamination and within cell types during arborization and soma spacing.\n B. Delete Dscam from a subset of cells within cell types to test the hypothesis that DSCAM dependent\n arborization and soma spacing is mediated through repulsion, and not a ligand-receptor mechanism.\n Aim 3. Test the hypothesis that developmental cell death is impaired in the absence of Dscams:\n Neurons that normally express Dscam or Dscaml1 are overabundant in the absence of either\nrespective gene. RGC number is indistinguishable in Dscam null and wild type retinas at birth, but is\nsubsequently higher in the Dscam null retina until eye opening. Shortly after eye opening Dscam null RGCs\nshow signs of stress and decrease in number. To test the hypothesis that DSCAMs regulate normal\ndevelopmental cell death we will:\n A. Assay the incidence of cell death in wild type, Dscam or Dscaml1 null and heterozygous retinas.\n B. Test the hypothesis that RGC stress observed in the Dscam null retina is dependent on light\n mediated visual activity by assaying markers of stress after monocular or binocular light deprivation.\n Dscam and Dscaml1 are the first identified genes that are required for mosaic soma spacing and also\nmediate neurite lamination, neurite arborization and cell number. Understanding the mechanism by which\nthese genes function will advance scientific understanding of multiple key aspects of retinal development.
237 PROJECT NARRATIVE (of the Awarded Parent Grant)\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic resistance\nin bacterial pathogens.
238 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
239 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
240 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
241 \nThis work will provide a roadmap for further mechanistic studies on the role of specific\nmutations in plasmid host-range and may lead to attractive therapies that target the\nreplication of antibiotic resistance plasmids and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in\nhuman pathogens.
242 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
243 \nThis work will provide a roadmap for further mechanistic studies on the role of specific\nmutations in plasmid host-range and may lead to attractive therapies that target the\nreplication of antibiotic resistance plasmids and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in\nhuman pathogens.
244 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis work will lead to insights into the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens improve the persistence of\nmulti-drug resistance plasmids, and how this expands their drug resistance spectrum. Such insights are\nessential, as they will aid the development of strategies aimed at slowing down the spread of antibiotic\nresistance in bacterial pathogens.
245 <NA>
246 Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
247 <NA>
248 Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
249 Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
250 Project Narrative\nA new and promising form of vaccine design is to attenuate by recoding the genome without changing the\nprotein sequence of the virus, thus providing a perfect antigenic match. Fundamental gaps in our\nunderstanding need to be addressed using a nonpathogenic virus. This proposal seeks to establish the best\nway to attenuate viruses by comparing methods of recoding, assessing how recoded genes interact, and, most\nimportantly, by designing attenuated viruses that are robust to evolutionary recovery.
251 \nHuman Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically\nimpact the lives of the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed\nat understanding the underlying mechanism for the development of those defects in order to\nsomeday prevent their occurrence.
252 Human Cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of birth defects. Those defects can dramatically impact the lives of the children (and their parents) that suffer from them. My research is aimed at understanding the underlying mechanism for the development of those defects in order to someday prevent their occurrence. \n \n\n
253 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
254 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
255 The INBRE Program has profoundly affected biomedical research at every level and in all regions of Idaho. Its continuation will stimulate research at educational institutions, provide state-of-the-art research facilities, and improve the caliber of scientific faculty. These activities impact public health by enhancing Idaho's competitiveness for research funds and by preparing the next generation of scientists. INBRE creates an environment for Idahoans with the talent and desire to solve health problems through research, to do so.
256 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists. \r\n \r\n\r\n
257 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
258 <NA>
259 <NA>
260 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis collaboration expands two projects currently supported by INBRE and an IDeA co-funded R01, into an\ninterdisciplinary effort to probe specific microglia-expressed genes in retinal development and regeneration\nusing computer-assisted image analyses. The investigators bring expertise in molecular biology and computer\nscience, respectively. This collaboration will provide high-impact learning experiences in data science for\nundergraduate students at an Idaho INBRE primarily undergraduate institution.
261 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
262 <NA>
263 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho’s competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The\nstatewide scientific Network will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho’s research capacity by\nmentoring new investigators, supporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and\nproviding student research opportunities.
264 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
265 <NA>
266 Project Narrative Relevance\nBreastfeeding is especially recommended for diabetic women due to its positive effects on maternal\nmetabolism and the short- and long-term health of the infant. Low breastfeeding rates among diabetic mothers\nare a public health concern, particularly in rural communities and among ethnic and racial minorities where\ndiabetes is more prevalent. This project will yield fundamental knowledge about the cellular and molecular\nbasis for lactation insufficiency that will help develop interventions, such as mitochondrial-targeted therapies, to\nimprove the rate of breastfeeding in these at-risk mothers.
267 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis project is a surveillance study of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-\nCoV-2) in a rural North Idaho study population. SARS-CoV-2 variants are a major public health\nconcern as they may increase infection rate, increase disease severity, and/or undermine\nimmunization strategies. Viral genomic sequence analyses will be done to identify variants and\nlink them to time of appearance, outbreak events, travel, and demographic age and gender\ngroups.
268 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
269 <NA>
270 <NA>
271 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists. \r\n \r\n\r\n
272 <NA>
273 <NA>
274 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nThis supplement requests critical equipment upgrades to the Idaho INBRE Data Science Core\nas high performance computing hardware, including secure data storage and computational\ncapacity. These upgrades will Idaho INBRE research facilites keep pace with recent surges in\ndemand for computation and data storage.
275 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists. \r\n \r\n\r\n
276 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists.
277 <NA>
278 Relevance\nThis project melds two complementary INBRE and COBRE investigator projects in a collaborative effort to\naddress important aspects in brain cancer development and migration. Each investigator brings unique\nmolecular and physiological expertise to address the intercellular signaling between brain tumor cells and\nnascent blood-brain barrier endothelial cells that results in the spread of cancer cells. This collaboration will\nprovide high-impact learning experiences for undergraduate students at two Idaho INBRE primarily\nundergraduate institutions.
279 <NA>
280 <NA>
281 PROJECT NARRATIVE\nINBRE-4 will increase Idaho's competitiveness in biomedical research and education. The statewide scientific\nNetwork will generate, complement, and enrich Idaho's research capacity by mentoring new investigators,\nsupporting research Cores, fostering regional collaborations, and providing student research opportunities.
282 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists. \r\n \r\n\r\n
283 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The INBRE Program will increase Idaho's competitiveness for research funding and will improve the quality of biomedical education. We will deliver unique, innovative, state-of-the-art biomedical research that will contribute to improving human health. We will invigorate faculty careers with collaborative research and provide a rich, intensive, competitive research experience for students who are training as the nation's next generation of biomedical scientists. \r\n \r\n\r\n
284 Project Narrative Relevance\nThe proposed research project is relevant to public health because compromised mental health, cognitive\nfunction, and emotional wellbeing is common in US women during the perinatal period. Women in the rural\nfrontier and remote West are disproportionately affected. In this study, fundamental knowledge about the\ninterplay between dietary patterns and key demographic variables on maternal neurological health will be\ndetermined as a first step in developing interventions for this underserved group.
285 Relevance\nThis project melds two complementary INBRE and COBRE investigator projects in a collaborative effort to\naddress important aspects in computer-aided drug development for allergy therapeutics. It harnesses Dr. Xu’s\nexpertise in computer simulations of molecular interactions and couples it with Dr. Morrison’s expertise in\nbiological target selection and cell culture validation systems. This interdisciplinary project will provide high-\nimpact learning experiences and will augment the training of numerous undergraduate and graduate students,\nmany of whom will continue onto research careers.
286 <NA>
287 \nPROJECT NARRATIVE\n Visual function requires the collaborative activities of a diverse, but properly arranged collection of\nspecialized cells. Our goal is to understand the mechanisms that underlie the development and survival of\nphotoreceptor cells, which are required for visual function, and which are lost in many visual degenerative\ndiseases. Our findings will have applications for the development of photoreceptor replacement strategies and\nphotoreceptor survival therapies, as well as for the prevention and treatment of developmental abnormalities of\nthe retina.
288 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
289 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
290 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
291 PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Narrative The results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding the plasticity of photoreceptor progenitors, and of the photoreceptors themselves. Manipulation of these cells will be important as the Vision Science community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost to disease or injury. In addition, this project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of "tandemly- replicated" visual pigment genes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green- sensitive visual pigments. \r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n
292 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
293 Patterning Genes in Retinal Development –\n Public Health Impact Statement\n This project will discover mechanisms regulating the expression of “tandemly-replicated” visual pigment\ngenes, such as those on the human X chromosome encoding the red- and green-sensitive visual pigments.\nThe results of the proposed studies will provide key information regarding mechanisms through which specific\ncone photoreceptor types are determined. Manipulation of these mechanisms will be important as the Vision\nScience community develops regenerative medicine-based methods for replacing photoreceptors that are lost\nto disease or injury.
294 <NA>
295 <NA>
296 <NA>
297 <NA>
298 The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
299
300
301 <NA>
302 <NA>
303 The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
304 The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
305 Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
306 Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
307 Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
308 Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
309 Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
310 Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
311 <NA>
312 <NA>
313 <NA>
314 <NA>
315 <NA>
316 <NA>
317 <NA>
318 Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
319
320
321 <NA>
322 <NA>
323
324
325
326 <NA>
327 The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
328 Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are of the most prevalent ailments of developed countries. Loss of elasticity in the walls ofthe arteries is due to extracellular matrix mineralization, or hardening ofthe arteries. Successful completion of these aims will lead to new understanding for the role of ECM in cardiovascular disease and improved treatment for arteriosclerosis.
329 ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
330 Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
331 Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
332 Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will improve our understanding ofthe importance of mechanical stimuli in the functional restoration of the extracellular matrix during ligament repair. We anticipate that results from this project will advance targeted treatment strategies for ligament injuries
333 Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
334 ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
335 <NA>
336 <NA>
337 <NA>
338 <NA>
339 <NA>
340 Successful establishment of the COBRE in Matrix Biology will significantly enhance the environment and\ncapabilities of researchers at Boise State University, leading to new approaches to address disease\ndiagnosis, prevention, and treatment. New multidisciplinary collaborations are anticipated with investigators\nwho may not have previously considered extracellular matrix function in their biomedical research programs.
341
342 <NA>
343 The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
344 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
345 The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
346 <NA>
347 Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
348 The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
349 Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
350 <NA>
351 <NA>
352
353 <NA>
354 <NA>
355 Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
356 The Biomedical Research Vivarium will support Boise State scientists in the utilization of animal models of human diseases. The vivarium will improve the research infrastructure at Boise State and will improve the ability of investigators to address the mission of NIH.
357 The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
358 Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
359 ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
360 Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
361 <NA>
362 <NA>
363 <NA>
364 <NA>
365 <NA>
366 <NA>
367 The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
368 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
369 <NA>
370 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
371
372
373 The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
374 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
375 The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
376 Health disorders involving the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are a main cause of pain and \nsuffering leading to diminished quality of life. The successful completion of the proposed aims will improve \nresearch infrastructure and career development of junior investigators, to address the mission of 17 Institutes \nat NIH that prioritize cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
377 Results from this project are expected to establish a new role for the AhR in regulating myofibroblast activation and liver fibrosis. Unveiling a novel AhR-mediated mechanism of regulating myofibroblast activation will address a critical barrier that has previously hindered the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutics
378 <NA>
379 <NA>
380 The INBRE Bioinformatics Core provides a needed research and educational resource in Idaho. Access to high performance computing is a requisite component for research competitiveness. Also, a quality science education must include understanding the power of high performance computing. A signal that we are succeeding in this ongoing endeavor is that the bioinformatics facilities across Idaho, that INBRE help start, are either self-sustaining or on that trajectory.
381 <NA>
382 <NA>
383 <NA>
384 The INBRE Research Mentoring Core will increase Idaho's research competitiveness and improve the \nquality of the research experience for graduate and postdoctoral students. It will provide the most critical, \nand often the most difficult, piece in fostering the success ofearly stage investigators: effective and \nconsisting mentoring. In addition, this Core will provide initiatives to build effective research environments at \nthe diverse Idaho INBRE institutions so that programs will be sustainable and promote research excellence.
385 The TWDD Core will provide student programs so that anyone who has an interest in and talent for \nbiomedical research can find an opportunity to pursue that activity in their home state. Building diversity not \nonly works to mirror Idaho's demographics among those doing biomedical research but has the more critical \noutcome of training people with differing worid views to work well together. Also, the programs designed to \nbring biomedical information to the general public will increase the population's science literacy.
386 <NA>
387 Successful completion of these aims will enhance the environment and the capabilities of researchers in the Boise State COBRE in Matrix Biology, leading to new approaches to address disorders of the extracellular matrix and new collaborations between COBRE faculty who may have not previously included proteomics genomics, imaging, or microscopy.
388 <NA>
389 <NA>
390
391
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393
394
395 ): Breast cancer progression is worsened by both inflammation and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Successful completion ofthe proposed aims will result in an improved understanding ofthe forces driving breast cancer progression, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
396 <NA>
spending_categories_desc
1 <NA>
2 <NA>
3 <NA>
4 <NA>
5 <NA>
6 <NA>
7 <NA>
8 <NA>
9 <NA>
10 <NA>
11 <NA>
12 <NA>
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24 <NA>
25 <NA>
26 <NA>
27 Brain Disorders; Down Syndrome; Genetics; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD); Neurosciences; Pediatric
28 Biotechnology; Cardiovascular; Gene Therapy; Genetics; Heart Disease; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
29 <NA>
30 Behavioral and Social Science; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Neurosciences; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
31 Bioengineering; Biotechnology
32 <NA>
33 Health Disparities; Minority Health
34 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
35 Breast Cancer; Cancer; Women's Health
36 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD)
37 Bioengineering; Coronaviruses; Coronaviruses Diagnostics and Prognostics; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
38 Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
39 Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
40 Genetics
41 Genetics
42 Behavioral and Social Science; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Mental Health
43 Behavioral and Social Science; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Mental Health
44 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
45 <NA>
46 Breast Cancer; Cancer; Estrogen; Immunotherapy; Women's Health
47 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
48 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Human Genome; Neurosciences
49 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Human Genome; Neurosciences
50 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Human Genome; Neurosciences
51 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
52 Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
53 Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
54 <NA>
55 Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
56 <NA>
57 Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
58 Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
59 Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
60 Aging; Bioengineering; Genetics; Osteoporosis; Physical Activity; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
61 Aging; Health Disparities; Minority Health; Osteoporosis; Prevention; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human; Women's Health
62 <NA>
63 <NA>
64 <NA>
65 <NA>
66 Health Disparities; Minority Health
67 Health Disparities; Minority Health
68 <NA>
69 <NA>
70 Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
71 Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
72 Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
73 Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision
74 <NA>
75 Bioengineering; Biotechnology
76 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
77 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric
78 Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric
79 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
80 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dissemination and Implementation Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
81 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Health Services; Mental Health; Pediatric; Social Determinants of Health
82 Biomedical Imaging; Clinical Research; Congenital Structural Anomalies; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Rare Diseases
83 Biomedical Imaging; Clinical Research; Congenital Structural Anomalies; Neurosciences; Pediatric
84 Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
85 Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Infections
86 Aging; Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects
87 Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
88 Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Maternal Health; Microbiome; Minority Health; Nutrition; Prevention; Women's Health
89 Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Microbiome; Nutrition; Prevention
90 Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Maternal Health; Microbiome; Minority Health; Nutrition; Prevention; Women's Health
91 Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Nutrition; Prevention
92 Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Maternal Health; Microbiome; Minority Health; Nutrition; Prevention; Women's Health
93 Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Health Disparities; Nutrition; Pregnancy; Rural Health; Women's Health
94 Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Health Disparities; Nutrition; Pregnancy; Women's Health
95 Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Nutrition; Pregnancy
96 Bioengineering; Clinical Research; Nutrition; Pregnancy
97 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
98 Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
99 Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
100 Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
101 Congenital Structural Anomalies; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric
102 Bioengineering; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
103 Bioengineering; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
104 Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health; Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Pediatric; Substance Abuse; Underage Drinking; Underage Drinking - Prevention & Treatment (NIAAA Only)
105 Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health; Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; Pediatric; Substance Abuse; Underage Drinking; Underage Drinking - Prevention & Treatment (NIAAA Only)
106 Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
107 Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
108 Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
109 Digestive Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Malaria; Rare Diseases; Vector-Borne Diseases
110 Aging; Brain Disorders; Genetics; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
111 <NA>
112 <NA>
113 Clinical Research; Health Disparities; Minority Health
114 Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences
115 Clinical Research; Health Disparities; Minority Health
116 Aging; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences
117 Clinical Research; Health Disparities; Minority Health
118 Clinical Research
119 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genetics
120 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genetics
121 Biotechnology; Digestive Diseases; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
122 <NA>
123 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Cancer Genomics; Coronaviruses; Coronaviruses Therapeutics and Interventions; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Human Genome; Infectious Diseases; Women's Health
124 Biotechnology; Genetics
125 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period; Rare Diseases; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
126 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period; Rare Diseases; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
127 <NA>
128 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
129 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
130 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
131 Biotechnology; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
132 <NA>
133 Aging; Brain Disorders; Genetics; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
134 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
135 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
136 <NA>
137 Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetics; Human Genome
138 Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Cancer Genomics; Genetics; Human Genome
139 Biotechnology; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Cancer Genomics; Genetics; Human Genome
140 <NA>
141 <NA>
142 <NA>
143 <NA>
144 <NA>
145 Infectious Diseases
146 <NA>
147 <NA>
148 Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Prevention; Women's Health
149 <NA>
150 Infectious Diseases; Microbiome
151 <NA>
152 <NA>
153 Bioengineering; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetic Testing; Genetics; Women's Health
154 <NA>
155 Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Prevention; Women's Health
156 Bioengineering; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetic Testing; Genetics; Women's Health
157 <NA>
158 Infectious Diseases; Lung
159 <NA>
160 <NA>
161 <NA>
162 Behavioral and Social Science; Clinical Research; Coronaviruses; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Rural Health; Social Determinants of Health
163 <NA>
164 <NA>
165 Behavioral and Social Science; Infectious Diseases
166 <NA>
167 <NA>
168 <NA>
169 <NA>
170 <NA>
171 <NA>
172 Biotechnology; Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
173 Biotechnology; Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
174 Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Nutrition; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Herpes
175 Genetics; Infectious Diseases; Nutrition; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Herpes
176 <NA>
177 Biotechnology
178 <NA>
179 <NA>
180 <NA>
181 <NA>
182 Bioengineering
183 Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
184 Genetics
185 <NA>
186 Autoimmune Disease; Genetics; Scleroderma
187 <NA>
188 <NA>
189 Cardiovascular
190 Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
191 <NA>
192 <NA>
193 <NA>
194 Bioengineering
195 <NA>
196 <NA>
197 Bioengineering; Coronaviruses
198 <NA>
199 <NA>
200 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
201 <NA>
202 <NA>
203 Bioengineering
204 Bioengineering
205 Bioengineering; Regenerative Medicine
206 <NA>
207 <NA>
208 Breast Cancer; Cancer; Prevention
209 <NA>
210 <NA>
211 Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
212 Autoimmune Disease; Genetics; Scleroderma
213 <NA>
214 Bioengineering
215 <NA>
216 Bioengineering
217 Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
218 <NA>
219 Biotechnology; Neurosciences
220 <NA>
221 <NA>
222 <NA>
223 Acquired Cognitive Impairment; Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD); Biotechnology; Brain Disorders; Dementia; Genetics; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
224 Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; Brain Disorders; Dementia; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
225 Acquired Cognitive Impairment; Aging; Alzheimer's Disease; Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD); Basic Behavioral and Social Science; Behavioral and Social Science; Brain Disorders; Cardiovascular; Dementia; Genetics; Mental Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
226 <NA>
227 <NA>
228 <NA>
229 <NA>
230 <NA>
231 <NA>
232 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Clinical Research; Genetics; Lung; Lung Cancer; Nanotechnology
233 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Clinical Research; Genetics; Lung; Lung Cancer; Nanotechnology
234 Bioengineering; Biotechnology; Cancer; Clinical Research; Genetics; Lung; Lung Cancer; Nanotechnology
235 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences
236 Brain Disorders; Down Syndrome; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD); Neurosciences
237 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Health Disparities; Infectious Diseases; Minority Health
238 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
239 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
240 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
241 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
242 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
243 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Genetics; Infectious Diseases
244 Antimicrobial Resistance; Biodefense; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Infectious Diseases
245 Genetics
246 Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
247 Bioengineering; Genetics
248 Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
249 Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
250 Biotechnology; Genetics; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention; Vaccine Related
251 Genetics; Human Fetal Tissue; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
252 Genetics; Human Fetal Tissue; Infectious Diseases; Neurosciences; Pediatric; Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
253 <NA>
254 <NA>
255 Clinical Research
256 <NA>
257 <NA>
258 Clinical Research
259 Clinical Research
260 Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Clinical Research; Data Science; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine
261 <NA>
262 <NA>
263 <NA>
264 Clinical Research
265 Clinical Research
266 American Indian or Alaska Native; Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Clinical Research; Diabetes; Health Disparities; Maternal Health; Maternal Morbidity and Mortality; Minority Health; Nutrition; Pediatric; Rural Health; Social Determinants of Health; Women's Health
267 Biotechnology; Clinical Research; Coronaviruses; Coronaviruses Disparities and At-Risk Populations; Emerging Infectious Diseases; Health Disparities; Infectious Diseases; Rural Health; Social Determinants of Health
268 <NA>
269 Clinical Research
270 Clinical Research
271 <NA>
272 <NA>
273 <NA>
274 <NA>
275 <NA>
276 Clinical Research
277 <NA>
278 Brain Cancer; Brain Disorders; Cancer; Clinical Research; Neurosciences; Rare Diseases
279 Clinical Research
280 Clinical Research
281 <NA>
282 <NA>
283 <NA>
284 <NA>
285 <NA>
286 <NA>
287 Biotechnology; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
288 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Macular Degeneration; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
289 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Health Disparities; Macular Degeneration; Minority Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
290 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Health Disparities; Macular Degeneration; Minority Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
291 Biotechnology; Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human
292 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Health Disparities; Macular Degeneration; Minority Health; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
293 Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision; Genetics; Macular Degeneration; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cell Research; Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human; Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Non-Human; Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human
294 Bioengineering
295 Bioengineering
296 Bioengineering
297 Genetics; Human Genome
298 American Indians / Alaska Natives
299 <NA>
300 Infectious Diseases; Microbiome
301 <NA>
302 <NA>
303 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
304 <NA>
305 Biotechnology
306 Cardiovascular
307 Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
308 <NA>
309 Cardiovascular
310 Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
311 <NA>
312 <NA>
313 Biotechnology; Genetics; Human Genome
314 <NA>
315 Infectious Diseases; Lung
316 <NA>
317 Biotechnology; Genetics; Human Genome
318 Cardiovascular
319 Clinical Research
320 Clinical Research
321 <NA>
322 Behavioral and Social Science; Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
323 <NA>
324 Autoimmune Disease; Brain Disorders; Cerebrovascular; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences
325 Brain Disorders; Neurodegenerative; Neurosciences; Parkinson's Disease
326 Genetics; Human Genome
327 American Indians / Alaska Natives
328 Cardiovascular
329 Breast Cancer; Cancer; Prevention
330 Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
331 Biotechnology
332 Bioengineering; Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects; Regenerative Medicine; Rehabilitation
333 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
334 Breast Cancer; Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Cancer
335 Genetics; Human Genome
336 Behavioral and Social Science; Infectious Diseases
337 <NA>
338 Infectious Diseases; Lung
339 Infectious Diseases; Lung
340 <NA>
341 Bioengineering; Biotechnology
342 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
343 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
344 <NA>
345 <NA>
346 Clinical Research
347 <NA>
348 <NA>
349 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
350 <NA>
351 <NA>
352 Clinical Research
353 Clinical Research
354 Clinical Research
355 <NA>
356 <NA>
357 American Indian or Alaska Native
358 Biotechnology
359 Breast Cancer; Breastfeeding, Lactation and Breast Milk; Cancer
360 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
361 Infectious Diseases; Lung
362 Infectious Diseases
363 Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
364 Infectious Diseases
365 Bioengineering; Infectious Diseases
366 <NA>
367 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
368 <NA>
369 <NA>
370 <NA>
371 Bioengineering
372 Bioengineering; Biomedical Imaging; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence; Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD); Prevention; Women's Health
373 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
374 <NA>
375 American Indian or Alaska Native
376 <NA>
377 Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis; Digestive Diseases; Genetics; Liver Disease
378 <NA>
379 <NA>
380 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
381 Genetics; Human Genome
382 <NA>
383 Infectious Diseases
384 <NA>
385 American Indians / Alaska Natives; Rural Health
386 <NA>
387 Biotechnology
388 <NA>
389 Infectious Diseases
390 <NA>
391 Bioengineering; Breast Cancer; Cancer; Genetic Testing; Genetics; Women's Health
392 <NA>
393 Aging; Arthritis; Bioengineering; Chronic Pain; Clinical Research; Osteoarthritis; Pain Research; Prevention; Rehabilitation
394 Autoimmune Disease; Genetics; Scleroderma
395 Breast Cancer; Cancer; Prevention
396 Bioengineering; Networking and Information Technology R&D
agency_code covid_response arra_funded budget_start
1 NIH NULL N 2024-03-11T12:03:00Z
2 NIH NULL N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
3 NIH NULL N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
4 NIH NULL N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
5 NIH NULL N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
6 NIH NULL N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
7 NIH NULL N 2024-01-15T12:01:00Z
8 NIH NULL N 2023-09-26T12:09:00Z
9 NIH NULL N 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z
10 NIH NULL N 2023-07-03T12:07:00Z
11 NIH NULL N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
12 NIH NULL N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
13 NIH NULL N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
14 NIH NULL N 2023-04-06T12:04:00Z
15 NIH NULL N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
16 NIH NULL N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
17 NIH NULL N 2023-01-01T12:01:00Z
18 NIH NULL N 2023-03-17T12:03:00Z
19 NIH NULL N 2023-03-01T12:03:00Z
20 NIH NULL N 2023-02-27T12:02:00Z
21 NIH NULL N 2023-01-23T12:01:00Z
22 NIH NULL N 2024-01-01T12:01:00Z
23 NIH NULL N 2022-11-01T12:11:00Z
24 NIH NULL N 2022-10-20T12:10:00Z
25 NIH NULL N 2022-09-20T12:09:00Z
26 NIH NULL N 2022-09-20T12:09:00Z
27 NIH NULL N 2022-09-08T12:09:00Z
28 NIH NULL N 2022-09-01T12:09:00Z
29 NIH NULL N 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z
30 NIH NULL N 2022-08-08T12:08:00Z
31 NIH NULL N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
32 NIH NULL N 2023-08-01T12:08:00Z
33 NIH NULL N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
34 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
35 NIH NULL N 2022-04-18T12:04:00Z
36 NIH NULL N 2021-09-23T12:09:00Z
37 NIH C3 N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
38 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
39 NIH NULL N 2021-07-13T12:07:00Z
40 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
41 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
42 NIH NULL N 2022-03-01T12:03:00Z
43 NIH NULL N 2021-03-11T12:03:00Z
44 NIH NULL N 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z
45 NIH NULL N 2023-09-01T12:09:00Z
46 NIH NULL N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
47 NIH NULL N 2022-09-01T12:09:00Z
48 NIH NULL N 2021-08-16T12:08:00Z
49 NIH NULL N 2020-08-16T12:08:00Z
50 NIH NULL N 2022-08-16T12:08:00Z
51 NIH NULL N 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z
52 NIH NULL N 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z
53 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
54 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
55 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
56 NIH NULL N 2024-02-01T12:02:00Z
57 NIH NULL N 2021-02-01T12:02:00Z
58 NIH NULL N 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z
59 NIH NULL N 2020-03-01T12:03:00Z
60 NIH NULL N 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z
61 NIH NULL N 2020-11-15T12:11:00Z
62 NIH NULL N 2023-02-01T12:02:00Z
63 NIH NULL N 2020-02-01T12:02:00Z
64 NIH NULL N 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z
65 NIH NULL N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
66 NIH NULL N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
67 NIH NULL N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
68 NIH NULL N 2019-09-16T12:09:00Z
69 NIH NULL N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
70 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
71 NIH NULL N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
72 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
73 NIH NULL N 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z
74 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
75 NIH NULL N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
76 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
77 NIH NULL N 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z
78 NIH NULL N 2021-01-06T12:01:00Z
79 NIH NULL N 2021-05-14T12:05:00Z
80 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
81 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
82 NIH NULL N 2019-04-01T12:04:00Z
83 NIH NULL N 2020-04-01T12:04:00Z
84 NIH NULL N 2019-12-01T12:12:00Z
85 NIH NULL N 2018-12-07T12:12:00Z
86 NIH NULL N 2018-09-30T12:09:00Z
87 NIH NULL N 2018-09-19T12:09:00Z
88 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
89 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
90 NIH NULL N 2020-07-01T12:07:00Z
91 NIH NULL N 2018-09-05T12:09:00Z
92 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
93 NIH NULL N 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z
94 NIH NULL N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
95 NIH NULL N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
96 NIH NULL N 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z
97 NIH NULL N 2018-09-30T12:09:00Z
98 NIH NULL N 2018-08-08T12:08:00Z
99 NIH NULL N 2020-08-01T12:08:00Z
100 NIH NULL N 2021-08-01T12:08:00Z
101 NIH NULL N 2019-08-01T12:08:00Z
102 NIH NULL N 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z
103 NIH NULL N 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z
104 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
105 NIH NULL N 2018-07-01T12:07:00Z
106 NIH NULL N 2019-06-01T12:06:00Z
107 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
108 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
109 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
110 NIH NULL N 2017-09-15T12:09:00Z
111 NIH NULL N 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z
112 NIH NULL N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
113 NIH NULL N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
114 NIH NULL N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
115 NIH NULL N 2021-09-01T12:09:00Z
116 NIH NULL N 2018-09-01T12:09:00Z
117 NIH NULL N 2020-09-01T12:09:00Z
118 NIH NULL N 2019-09-01T12:09:00Z
119 NIH NULL N 2017-08-01T12:08:00Z
120 NIH NULL N 2018-08-01T12:08:00Z
121 NIH NULL N 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z
122 NIH NULL N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
123 NIH NULL N 2022-08-01T12:08:00Z
124 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
125 NIH NULL N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
126 NIH NULL N 2016-09-30T12:09:00Z
127 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
128 NIH NULL N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
129 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
130 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
131 NIH NULL N 2016-08-01T12:08:00Z
132 NIH NULL N 2023-09-20T12:09:00Z
133 NIH NULL N 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z
134 NIH NULL N 2017-04-01T12:04:00Z
135 NIH NULL N 2016-04-01T12:04:00Z
136 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
137 NIH NULL N 2015-09-22T12:09:00Z
138 NIH NULL N 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z
139 NIH NULL N 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z
140 ALLCDC NULL N 2017-09-01T12:09:00Z
141 ALLCDC NULL N 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z
142 ALLCDC NULL N 2016-09-01T12:09:00Z
143 NIH NULL N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
144 NIH NULL N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
145 NIH NULL N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
146 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
147 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
148 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
149 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
150 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
151 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
152 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
153 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
154 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
155 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
156 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
157 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
158 NIH NULL N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
159 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
160 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
161 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
162 NIH Reg-CV N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
163 NIH NULL N 2021-07-01T12:07:00Z
164 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
165 NIH NULL N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
166 NIH NULL N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
167 NIH NULL N 2015-03-15T12:03:00Z
168 NIH NULL N 2022-07-01T12:07:00Z
169 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
170 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
171 NIH NULL N 2023-07-01T12:07:00Z
172 NIH NULL N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
173 NIH NULL N 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z
174 NIH NULL N 2015-08-01T12:08:00Z
175 NIH NULL N 2014-08-15T12:08:00Z
176 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
177 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
178 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
179 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
180 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
181 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
182 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
183 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
184 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
185 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
186 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
187 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
188 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
189 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
190 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
191 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
192 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
193 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
194 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
195 NIH NULL N 2019-08-01T12:08:00Z
196 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
197 NIH Reg-CV N 2022-06-20T12:06:00Z
198 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
199 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
200 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
201 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
202 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
203 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
204 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
205 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
206 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
207 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
208 NIH NULL N 2014-08-01T12:08:00Z
209 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
210 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
211 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
212 NIH NULL N 2020-06-01T12:06:00Z
213 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
214 NIH NULL N 2022-06-01T12:06:00Z
215 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
216 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
217 NIH NULL N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
218 NIH NULL N 2023-06-01T12:06:00Z
219 NIH NULL N 2014-05-15T12:05:00Z
220 SAMSHA NULL N 2013-09-30T12:09:00Z
221 SAMSHA NULL N 2014-09-30T12:09:00Z
222 NIH NULL N 2017-07-01T12:07:00Z
223 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
224 NIH NULL N 2013-06-01T12:06:00Z
225 NIH NULL N 2022-08-15T12:08:00Z
226 NIH NULL N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
227 NIH NULL N 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z
228 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
229 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
230 NIH NULL N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
231 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
232 NIH NULL N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
233 NIH NULL N 2013-09-01T12:09:00Z
234 NIH NULL N 2015-09-01T12:09:00Z
235 NIH NULL N 2013-09-01T12:09:00Z
236 NIH NULL N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
237 NIH NULL N 2022-08-23T12:08:00Z
238 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
239 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
240 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
241 NIH NULL N 2013-05-01T12:05:00Z
242 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
243 NIH NULL N 2014-05-01T12:05:00Z
244 NIH NULL N 2018-05-16T12:05:00Z
245 NIH NULL N 2013-05-01T12:05:00Z
246 NIH NULL N 2018-05-22T12:05:00Z
247 NIH NULL N 2014-05-01T12:05:00Z
248 NIH NULL N 2021-04-01T12:04:00Z
249 NIH NULL N 2019-04-01T12:04:00Z
250 NIH NULL N 2020-04-01T12:04:00Z
251 NIH NULL N 2012-12-01T12:12:00Z
252 NIH NULL N 2015-12-01T12:12:00Z
253 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
254 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
255 NIH NULL N 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z
256 NIH NULL N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
257 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
258 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
259 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
260 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
261 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
262 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
263 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
264 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
265 NIH NULL N 2022-05-01T12:05:00Z
266 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
267 NIH Reg-CV N 2021-06-01T12:06:00Z
268 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
269 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
270 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
271 NIH NULL N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
272 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
273 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
274 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
275 NIH NULL N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
276 NIH NULL N 2014-09-01T12:09:00Z
277 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
278 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
279 NIH NULL N 2021-05-01T12:05:00Z
280 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
281 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
282 NIH NULL N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
283 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
284 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
285 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
286 NIH NULL N 2023-05-01T12:05:00Z
287 NIH NULL N 2013-07-01T12:07:00Z
288 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
289 NIH NULL N 2020-02-01T12:02:00Z
290 NIH NULL N 2022-02-01T12:02:00Z
291 NIH NULL N 2015-09-30T12:09:00Z
292 NIH NULL N 2021-02-01T12:02:00Z
293 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
294 NIH NULL N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
295 NIH NULL N 2013-02-01T12:02:00Z
296 NIH NULL N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
297 NIH NULL N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
298 NIH NULL N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
299 NIH NULL N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
300 NIH NULL N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
301 NIH NULL N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
302 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
303 NIH NULL N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
304 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
305 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
306 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
307 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
308 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
309 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
310 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
311 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
312 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
313 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
314 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
315 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
316 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
317 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
318 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
319 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
320 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
321 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
322 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
323 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
324 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
325 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
326 NIH NULL N 2013-04-01T12:04:00Z
327 NIH NULL N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
328 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
329 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
330 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
331 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
332 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
333 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
334 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
335 NIH NULL N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
336 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
337 NIH NULL N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
338 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
339 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
340 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
341 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
342 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
343 NIH NULL N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
344 NIH NULL N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
345 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
346 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
347 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
348 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
349 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
350 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
351 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
352 NIH NULL N 2019-05-01T12:05:00Z
353 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
354 NIH NULL N 2020-05-01T12:05:00Z
355 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
356 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
357 NIH NULL N 2018-05-01T12:05:00Z
358 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
359 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
360 NIH NULL N 2018-06-01T12:06:00Z
361 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
362 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
363 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
364 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
365 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
366 NIH NULL N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
367 NIH NULL N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
368 NIH NULL N 2014-06-01T12:06:00Z
369 NIH NULL N 2015-02-01T12:02:00Z
370 NIH NULL N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
371 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
372 NIH NULL N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
373 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
374 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
375 NIH NULL N 2017-05-01T12:05:00Z
376 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
377 NIH NULL N 2017-06-01T12:06:00Z
378 NIH NULL N 2014-02-01T12:02:00Z
379 NIH NULL N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
380 NIH NULL N 2015-05-01T12:05:00Z
381 NIH NULL N 2013-02-01T12:02:00Z
382 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
383 NIH NULL N 2016-02-01T12:02:00Z
384 NIH NULL N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
385 NIH NULL N 2016-05-01T12:05:00Z
386 NIH NULL N 2018-02-01T12:02:00Z
387 NIH NULL N 2015-06-01T12:06:00Z
388 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
389 NIH NULL N 2019-02-01T12:02:00Z
390 NIH NULL N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
391 NIH NULL N 2020-07-20T12:07:00Z
392 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
393 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
394 NIH NULL N 2019-07-01T12:07:00Z
395 NIH NULL N 2016-06-01T12:06:00Z
396 NIH NULL N 2017-02-01T12:02:00Z
budget_end cfda_code funding_mechanism direct_cost_amt
1 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z 859 Research Centers 1799999
2 2025-01-14T12:01:00Z <NA> Research Centers 388362
3 2025-01-14T12:01:00Z <NA> Research Centers 112230
4 2025-01-14T12:01:00Z <NA> Research Centers 106232
5 2025-01-14T12:01:00Z <NA> Research Centers 300000
6 2025-01-14T12:01:00Z <NA> Research Centers 630754
7 2025-01-14T12:01:00Z <NA> Research Centers 262421
8 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 120828
9 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Training, Institutional 91972
10 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 249779
11 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z <NA> Research Centers 449790
12 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z <NA> Research Centers 147770
13 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z <NA> Research Centers 120949
14 2024-01-31T12:01:00Z 859 Research Centers 1490654
15 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z <NA> Research Centers 137071
16 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z <NA> Research Centers 516181
17 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z <NA> Research Centers 118893
18 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z <NA> Research Centers 23105
19 2026-02-28T12:02:00Z 837 Non-SBIR/STTR 299999
20 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z <NA> Research Centers 43888
21 2023-12-31T12:12:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 175000
22 2024-12-31T12:12:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 9013
23 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z <NA> Research Centers 100000
24 2024-03-31T12:03:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 51952
25 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 300000
26 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 94718
27 2023-02-15T12:02:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 100000
28 2025-08-31T12:08:00Z 837 Non-SBIR/STTR 300000
29 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 440156
30 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 439961
31 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z 351 Other Research-Related 233236
32 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Training, Institutional 62516
33 2023-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Training, Institutional 61642
34 2023-05-31T12:05:00Z <NA> Research Centers 93749
35 2025-03-31T12:03:00Z 395 Non-SBIR/STTR 288969
36 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 846 Non-SBIR/STTR 80816
37 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 286 Non-SBIR/STTR 399214
38 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 125000
39 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 150000
40 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 299999
41 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 52816
42 2024-02-29T12:02:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 109724
43 2022-02-28T12:02:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 233740
44 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 256532
45 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 264467
46 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 395 Non-SBIR/STTR 298735
47 2023-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 256533
48 2022-08-15T12:08:00Z 867 Training, Individual 36291
49 2021-08-15T12:08:00Z 867 Training, Individual 35775
50 2023-02-15T12:02:00Z 867 Training, Individual 26027
51 2021-07-31T12:07:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 250000
52 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 235000
53 2023-04-30T12:04:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 235000
54 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 235000
55 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 235000
56 2025-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 184500
57 2022-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 274006
58 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 205000
59 2021-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 205000
60 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 51755
61 2021-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 17252
62 2024-01-31T12:01:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 205000
63 2023-01-31T12:01:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 300000
64 2021-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 200000
65 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 200000
66 2022-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 40901
67 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 44618
68 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 200000
69 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 200000
70 2023-06-30T12:06:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 207121
71 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 250000
72 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 210953
73 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 221301
74 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 209441
75 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 846 Non-SBIR/STTR 300000
76 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 406155
77 2020-04-30T12:04:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 548260
78 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 66725
79 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 645412
80 2024-04-30T12:04:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 64584
81 2021-04-30T12:04:00Z 242 Non-SBIR/STTR 542363
82 2020-03-31T12:03:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 275494
83 2021-03-31T12:03:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 281949
84 2021-11-30T12:11:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 125000
85 2019-11-30T12:11:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 150000
86 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z 866 Non-SBIR/STTR 299985
87 2022-03-20T12:03:00Z 286 Non-SBIR/STTR 259550
88 2022-06-30T12:06:00Z 865 Non-SBIR/STTR 362106
89 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z 865 Non-SBIR/STTR 404022
90 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z 865 Non-SBIR/STTR 373372
91 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z 865 Non-SBIR/STTR 406892
92 2024-06-30T12:06:00Z 865 Non-SBIR/STTR 355833
93 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z 113 Other Research-Related 31803
94 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z 113 Other Research-Related 139183
95 2020-08-31T12:08:00Z 113 Other Research-Related 141379
96 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z 113 Other Research-Related 143083
97 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 24179
98 2019-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 250000
99 2021-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 250000
100 2024-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 250000
101 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 250000
102 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z 286 Non-SBIR/STTR 50000
103 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z 286 Non-SBIR/STTR 50000
104 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z 273 Non-SBIR/STTR 118750
105 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z 273 Non-SBIR/STTR 143750
106 2020-05-31T12:05:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 338777
107 2021-05-31T12:05:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 338321
108 2024-05-31T12:05:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 325761
109 2019-05-31T12:05:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 346057
110 2020-06-30T12:06:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 91127
111 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 249586
112 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 214745
113 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 80000
114 2018-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 156968
115 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 300000
116 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 192282
117 2021-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 300000
118 2020-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Other Research-Related 300000
119 2018-07-31T12:07:00Z 395 Non-SBIR/STTR 50000
120 2020-07-31T12:07:00Z 395 Non-SBIR/STTR 50000
121 2022-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 300000
122 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 97574
123 2025-07-31T12:07:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 288660
124 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 299992
125 2019-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 156000
126 2017-08-31T12:08:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 129000
127 2018-07-31T12:07:00Z 855 Non-SBIR/STTR 424349
128 2019-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 194855
129 2022-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 194855
130 2018-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 194855
131 2017-04-30T12:04:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 190928
132 2024-08-31T12:08:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 291000
133 2021-06-30T12:06:00Z 853 Non-SBIR/STTR 296420
134 2019-03-31T12:03:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 125000
135 2017-03-31T12:03:00Z 867 Non-SBIR/STTR 150000
136 2020-01-31T12:01:00Z 859 Non-SBIR/STTR 300000
137 2016-06-30T12:06:00Z 172 Non-SBIR/STTR 174744
138 2019-06-30T12:06:00Z 172 Non-SBIR/STTR 167830
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73 2020-07-04T07:07:18Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
74 2023-07-01T04:07:32Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
75 2019-09-07T07:09:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
76 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
77 2019-06-01T07:06:09Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
78 2021-03-06T06:03:15Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
79 2021-05-15T04:05:47Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
80 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
81 2020-05-23T07:05:43Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
82 2019-04-06T08:04:34Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
83 2020-04-04T07:04:03Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
84 2019-12-07T07:12:55Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
85 2018-12-08T07:12:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
86 2018-10-02T02:10:41Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
87 2018-09-22T07:09:08Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
88 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
89 2019-07-06T07:07:54Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
90 2020-07-04T07:07:18Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
91 2018-09-08T07:09:21Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
92 2022-07-02T04:07:06Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
93 2021-09-04T04:09:59Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
94 2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
95 2019-09-07T07:09:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
96 2018-09-01T07:09:19Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
97 2018-10-02T02:10:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
98 2018-08-11T07:08:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
99 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
100 2021-08-07T04:08:48Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
101 2019-08-03T08:08:08Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
102 2018-08-04T07:08:04Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
103 2019-06-01T07:06:09Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
104 2019-07-06T07:07:54Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
105 2018-07-07T07:07:00Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
106 2019-06-01T07:06:09Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
107 2020-06-06T07:06:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
108 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
109 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
110 2017-09-16T08:09:54Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
111 2018-09-01T07:09:19Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
112 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
113 2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
114 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
115 2021-09-11T04:09:47Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
116 2018-09-01T07:09:19Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
117 2020-09-05T07:09:23Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
118 2019-09-14T07:09:48Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
119 2017-08-05T08:08:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
120 2018-08-04T07:08:04Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
121 2017-07-01T08:07:25Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
122 2023-05-27T04:05:42Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
123 2022-08-06T04:08:36Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
124 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
125 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
126 2016-10-02T04:10:14Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
127 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
128 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
129 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
130 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
131 2016-08-07T05:08:20Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
132 2023-09-23T04:09:17Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
133 2016-07-02T11:07:14Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
134 2017-04-01T08:04:40Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
135 2016-04-05T01:04:44Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
136 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
137 2015-09-26T09:09:47Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
138 2017-07-08T09:07:05Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
139 2016-07-02T11:07:14Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
140 2017-09-02T08:09:45Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
141 2015-09-05T09:09:03Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
142 2016-09-03T11:09:14Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
143 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
144 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
145 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
146 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
147 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
148 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
149 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
150 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
151 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
152 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
153 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
154 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
155 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
156 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
157 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
158 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
159 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
160 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
161 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
162 2020-08-15T07:08:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
163 2021-07-17T04:07:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
164 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
165 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
166 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
167 2015-03-21T10:03:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
168 2022-09-12T02:09:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
169 2023-09-16T04:09:15Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
170 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
171 2023-08-21T09:08:42Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
172 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
173 2015-09-05T09:09:03Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
174 2015-08-01T09:08:43Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
175 2014-08-16T11:08:48Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
176 2016-08-20T11:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
177 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
178 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
179 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
180 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
181 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
182 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
183 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
184 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
185 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
186 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
187 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
188 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
189 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
190 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
191 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
192 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
193 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
194 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
195 2019-08-03T08:08:08Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
196 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
197 2022-06-25T04:06:32Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
198 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
199 2023-08-26T04:08:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
200 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
201 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
202 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
203 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
204 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
205 2021-08-14T04:08:27Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
206 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
207 2023-09-09T04:09:38Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
208 2014-08-02T11:08:24Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
209 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
210 2023-06-17T04:06:39Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
211 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
212 2020-08-01T07:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
213 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
214 2022-06-11T04:06:22Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
215 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
216 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
217 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
218 2023-08-26T04:08:29Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
219 2014-05-17T11:05:39Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
220 2013-10-20T06:10:04Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
221 2014-10-04T11:10:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
222 2017-07-01T08:07:25Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
223 2019-02-02T07:02:06Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
224 2013-06-02T06:06:45Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
225 2022-08-20T04:08:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
226 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
227 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
228 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
229 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
230 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
231 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
232 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
233 2013-09-08T06:09:52Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
234 2015-09-19T09:09:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
235 2013-09-08T06:09:52Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
236 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
237 2022-08-27T04:08:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
238 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
239 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
240 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
241 2013-05-05T06:05:19Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
242 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
243 2014-05-03T11:05:21Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
244 2018-05-19T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
245 2013-05-26T06:05:02Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
246 2018-05-26T07:05:11Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
247 2014-05-03T11:05:21Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
248 2021-04-24T04:04:24Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
249 2019-04-06T08:04:34Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
250 2020-04-04T07:04:03Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
251 2012-12-09T07:12:24Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
252 2013-12-08T06:12:25Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
253 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
254 2020-08-09T11:08:19Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
255 2014-05-31T10:05:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
256 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
257 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
258 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
259 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
260 2021-09-04T04:09:59Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
261 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
262 2023-05-13T04:05:35Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
263 2023-09-23T04:09:17Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
264 2019-08-31T07:08:01Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
265 2022-05-07T01:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
266 2021-08-14T04:08:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
267 2021-06-05T04:06:52Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
268 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
269 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
270 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
271 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
272 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
273 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
274 2023-07-01T04:07:32Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
275 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
276 2014-09-06T11:09:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
277 2023-05-04T04:05:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
278 2020-08-15T07:08:27Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
279 2021-05-01T04:05:31Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
280 2020-08-09T11:08:19Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
281 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
282 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
283 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
284 2023-09-16T04:09:15Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
285 2023-05-13T04:05:35Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
286 2023-09-23T04:09:17Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
287 2013-07-07T05:07:56Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
288 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
289 2020-02-01T07:02:05Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
290 2022-02-05T01:02:34Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
291 2015-10-03T09:10:10Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
292 2021-02-06T07:02:18Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
293 2019-02-02T07:02:06Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
294 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
295 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
296 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
297 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
298 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
299 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
300 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
301 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
302 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
303 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
304 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
305 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
306 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
307 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
308 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
309 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
310 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
311 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
312 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
313 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
314 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
315 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
316 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
317 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
318 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
319 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
320 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
321 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
322 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
323 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
324 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
325 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
326 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
327 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
328 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
329 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
330 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
331 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
332 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
333 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
334 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
335 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
336 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
337 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
338 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
339 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
340 2016-08-20T11:08:12Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
341 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
342 2016-02-06T09:02:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
343 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
344 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
345 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
346 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
347 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
348 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
349 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
350 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
351 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
352 2019-05-04T07:05:16Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
353 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
354 2020-05-02T07:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
355 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
356 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
357 2018-05-05T07:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
358 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
359 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
360 2018-06-02T07:06:11Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
361 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
362 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
363 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
364 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
365 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
366 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
367 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
368 2014-06-07T10:06:22Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
369 2015-02-08T04:02:40Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
370 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
371 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
372 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
373 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
374 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
375 2017-05-06T08:05:29Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
376 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
377 2017-06-03T08:06:50Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
378 2014-02-02T08:02:50Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
379 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
380 2015-05-03T04:05:25Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
381 2013-04-07T06:04:33Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
382 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
383 2016-02-27T09:02:41Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
384 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
385 2016-05-21T11:05:12Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
386 2018-02-03T07:02:30Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
387 2015-06-06T09:06:58Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
388 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
389 2019-02-16T07:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
390 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
391 2020-07-25T07:07:36Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
392 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
393 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
394 2019-07-27T07:07:20Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
395 2016-07-09T11:07:13Z BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY NA
396 2017-02-04T08:02:07Z UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO NA
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171 838443020 3543501
172 838443020 3543501
173 838443020 3543501
174 838443020 3543501
175 838443020 3543501
176 837250001 478201
177 837250001 478201
178 837250001 478201
179 837250001 478201
180 837250001 478201
181 837250001 478201
182 837250001 478201
183 837250001 478201
184 837250001 478201
185 837250001 478201
186 837250001 478201
187 837250001 478201
188 837250001 478201
189 837250001 478201
190 837250001 478201
191 837250001 478201
192 837250001 478201
193 837250001 478201
194 837250001 478201
195 837250001 478201
196 837250001 478201
197 837250001 478201
198 837250001 478201
199 837250001 478201
200 837250001 478201
201 837250001 478201
202 837250001 478201
203 837250001 478201
204 837250001 478201
205 837250001 478201
206 837250001 478201
207 837250001 478201
208 837250001 478201
209 837250001 478201
210 837250001 478201
211 837250001 478201
212 837250001 478201
213 837250001 478201
214 837250001 478201
215 837250001 478201
216 837250001 478201
217 837250001 478201
218 837250001 478201
219 838443020 3543501
220 838443020 3543501
221 838443020 3543501
222 837250001 478201
223 837250001 478201
224 837250001 478201
225 837250001 478201
226 838443020 3543501
227 838443020 3543501
228 838443020 3543501
229 838443020 3543501
230 838443020 3543501
231 837250001 478201
232 837250001 478201
233 837250001 478201
234 837250001 478201
235 838443020 3543501
236 838443020 3543501
237 838443020 3543501
238 838443020 3543501
239 838443020 3543501
240 838443020 3543501
241 838443020 3543501
242 838443020 3543501
243 838443020 3543501
244 838443020 3543501
245 838443020 3543501
246 838443020 3543501
247 838443020 3543501
248 838443020 3543501
249 838443020 3543501
250 838443020 3543501
251 838443020 3543501
252 838443020 3543501
253 838443020 3543501
254 838443020 3543501
255 838443020 3543501
256 838443020 3543501
257 838443020 3543501
258 838443020 3543501
259 838443020 3543501
260 838443020 3543501
261 838443020 3543501
262 838443020 3543501
263 838443020 3543501
264 838443020 3543501
265 838443020 3543501
266 838443020 3543501
267 838443020 3543501
268 838443020 3543501
269 838443020 3543501
270 838443020 3543501
271 838443020 3543501
272 838443020 3543501
273 838443020 3543501
274 838443020 3543501
275 838443020 3543501
276 838443020 3543501
277 838443020 3543501
278 838443020 3543501
279 838443020 3543501
280 838443020 3543501
281 838443020 3543501
282 838443020 3543501
283 838443020 3543501
284 838443020 3543501
285 838443020 3543501
286 838443020 3543501
287 838443020 3543501
288 838443020 3543501
289 838443020 3543501
290 838443020 3543501
291 838443020 3543501
292 838443020 3543501
293 838443020 3543501
294 838443020 3543501
295 838443020 3543501
296 838443020 3543501
297 838443020 3543501
298 838443020 3543501
299 838443020 3543501
300 838443020 3543501
301 838443020 3543501
302 838443020 3543501
303 838443020 3543501
304 837250001 478201
305 837250001 478201
306 837250001 478201
307 837250001 478201
308 837250001 478201
309 837250001 478201
310 837250001 478201
311 838443020 3543501
312 838443020 3543501
313 838443020 3543501
314 838443020 3543501
315 838443020 3543501
316 838443020 3543501
317 838443020 3543501
318 837250001 478201
319 838443020 3543501
320 838443020 3543501
321 838443020 3543501
322 838443020 3543501
323 837250001 478201
324 837250001 478201
325 837250001 478201
326 838443020 3543501
327 838443020 3543501
328 837250001 478201
329 837250001 478201
330 837250001 478201
331 837250001 478201
332 837250001 478201
333 837250001 478201
334 837250001 478201
335 838443020 3543501
336 838443020 3543501
337 838443020 3543501
338 838443020 3543501
339 838443020 3543501
340 837250001 478201
341 838443020 3543501
342 838443020 3543501
343 838443020 3543501
344 838443020 3543501
345 837250001 478201
346 838443020 3543501
347 837250001 478201
348 837250001 478201
349 837250001 478201
350 838443020 3543501
351 838443020 3543501
352 838443020 3543501
353 838443020 3543501
354 838443020 3543501
355 837250001 478201
356 837250001 478201
357 838443020 3543501
358 837250001 478201
359 837250001 478201
360 837250001 478201
361 838443020 3543501
362 838443020 3543501
363 838443020 3543501
364 838443020 3543501
365 838443020 3543501
366 838443020 3543501
367 838443020 3543501
368 838443020 3543501
369 838443020 3543501
370 838443020 3543501
371 837250001 478201
372 838443020 3543501
373 838443020 3543501
374 838443020 3543501
375 838443020 3543501
376 837250001 478201
377 837250001 478201
378 838443020 3543501
379 838443020 3543501
380 838443020 3543501
381 838443020 3543501
382 838443020 3543501
383 838443020 3543501
384 838443020 3543501
385 838443020 3543501
386 838443020 3543501
387 837250001 478201
388 838443020 3543501
389 838443020 3543501
390 838443020 3543501
391 838443020 3543501
392 837250001 478201
393 837250001 478201
394 837250001 478201
395 837250001 478201
396 838443020 3543501
project_num_split.appl_type_code project_num_split.activity_code
1 1 P20
2 1 P20
3 1 P20
4 1 P20
5 1 P20
6 1 P20
7 1 P20
8 1 R01
9 1 T34
10 1 R25
11 1 P20
12 1 P20
13 1 P20
14 1 P20
15 1 P20
16 1 P20
17 1 P20
18 5 P20
19 1 R15
20 5 P20
21 1 R21
22 5 R21
23 5 P20
24 7 R15
25 1 R15
26 3 R15
27 1 R03
28 1 R15
29 5 R01
30 1 R01
31 1 S10
32 5 T34
33 1 T34
34 5 P20
35 1 R15
36 3 R15
37 1 R21
38 5 R21
39 1 R21
40 1 R15
41 3 R15
42 5 R21
43 1 R21
44 5 R01
45 5 R01
46 1 R15
47 5 R01
48 5 F31
49 1 F31
50 5 F31
51 1 R01
52 1 R01
53 5 R01
54 5 R01
55 5 R01
56 5 R01
57 5 R01
58 5 R01
59 1 R01
60 3 R01
61 3 R01
62 5 R01
63 1 R15
64 5 R01
65 5 R01
66 3 R01
67 3 R01
68 1 R01
69 5 R01
70 5 R01
71 1 R01
72 5 R01
73 5 R01
74 5 R01
75 1 R15
76 5 R01
77 1 R01
78 3 R01
79 5 R01
80 3 R01
81 5 R01
82 1 R01
83 5 R01
84 5 R21
85 1 R21
86 1 R15
87 1 R15
88 5 R01
89 5 R01
90 5 R01
91 1 R01
92 5 R01
93 3 K01
94 5 K01
95 5 K01
96 1 K01
97 3 R01
98 1 R01
99 5 R01
100 5 R01
101 5 R01
102 1 R03
103 5 R03
104 5 R21
105 1 R21
106 5 R01
107 5 R01
108 5 R01
109 1 R01
110 3 R15
111 5 R25
112 1 R25
113 3 R25
114 1 R21
115 5 R25
116 5 R21
117 5 R25
118 5 R25
119 1 R03
120 5 R03
121 1 R15
122 3 R15
123 2 R15
124 1 R15
125 5 R21
126 1 R21
127 7 R56
128 5 R01
129 5 R01
130 5 R01
131 1 R01
132 2 R01
133 1 R15
134 5 R21
135 1 R21
136 1 R15
137 4 R00
138 5 R00
139 5 R00
140 5 U01
141 1 U01
142 5 U01
143 1 P20
144 1 P20
145 1 P20
146 5 P20
147 5 P20
148 5 P20
149 5 P20
150 5 P20
151 5 P20
152 5 P20
153 5 P20
154 5 P20
155 5 P20
156 5 P20
157 5 P20
158 1 P20
159 5 P20
160 5 P20
161 5 P20
162 3 P20
163 5 P20
164 5 P20
165 1 P20
166 2 P20
167 1 P20
168 5 P20
169 3 P20
170 5 P20
171 5 P20
172 1 R21
173 5 R21
174 5 R21
175 1 R21
176 3 P20
177 1 P20
178 5 P20
179 5 P20
180 5 P20
181 5 P20
182 5 P20
183 5 P20
184 5 P20
185 5 P20
186 5 P20
187 1 P20
188 1 P20
189 1 P20
190 1 P20
191 1 P20
192 5 P20
193 5 P20
194 5 P20
195 2 P20
196 5 P20
197 3 P20
198 5 P20
199 3 P20
200 1 P20
201 5 P20
202 5 P20
203 5 P20
204 5 P20
205 3 P20
206 5 P20
207 3 P20
208 1 P20
209 5 P20
210 5 P20
211 5 P20
212 5 P20
213 5 P20
214 5 P20
215 5 P20
216 5 P20
217 5 P20
218 3 P20
219 1 S10
220 1 U79
221 5 U79
222 7 R01
223 2 R15
224 1 R15
225 2 R15
226 5 P30
227 1 P30
228 4 P30
229 5 P30
230 5 P30
231 2 R15
232 5 K25
233 5 K25
234 5 K25
235 5 R01
236 5 R01
237 3 R01
238 5 R01
239 5 R01
240 5 R01
241 5 R01
242 5 R01
243 5 R01
244 2 R01
245 5 R01
246 2 R01
247 5 R01
248 5 R01
249 5 R01
250 5 R01
251 5 R01
252 5 R01
253 2 P20
254 3 P20
255 5 P20
256 2 P20
257 5 P20
258 5 P20
259 5 P20
260 3 P20
261 5 P20
262 3 P20
263 3 P20
264 3 P20
265 5 P20
266 3 P20
267 3 P20
268 5 P20
269 5 P20
270 5 P20
271 5 P20
272 5 P20
273 5 P20
274 3 P20
275 5 P20
276 3 P20
277 5 P20
278 3 P20
279 5 P20
280 3 P20
281 5 P20
282 5 P20
283 5 P20
284 3 P20
285 3 P20
286 3 P20
287 5 R01
288 2 R01
289 5 R01
290 5 R01
291 2 R01
292 5 R01
293 5 R01
294 5 P30
295 1 P30
296 5 P30
297 5 P30
298 5 P20
299 2 P20
300 2 P20
301 5 P20
302 5 P20
303 5 P20
304 5 P20
305 5 P20
306 5 P20
307 5 P20
308 5 P20
309 5 P20
310 5 P20
311 5 P20
312 5 P30
313 5 P30
314 5 P20
315 5 P20
316 4 P30
317 4 P30
318 5 P20
319 2 P20
320 2 P20
321 5 P20
322 5 P20
323 2 P20
324 2 P20
325 2 P20
326 1 P30
327 2 P20
328 5 P20
329 5 P20
330 5 P20
331 5 P20
332 5 P20
333 5 P20
334 5 P20
335 5 P30
336 5 P20
337 5 P20
338 5 P20
339 5 P20
340 3 P20
341 2 P20
342 4 P30
343 5 P20
344 5 P20
345 5 P20
346 5 P20
347 5 P20
348 5 P20
349 5 P20
350 5 P20
351 5 P20
352 2 P20
353 5 P20
354 5 P20
355 5 P20
356 5 P20
357 5 P20
358 5 P20
359 5 P20
360 5 P20
361 5 P20
362 5 P20
363 5 P20
364 5 P20
365 5 P20
366 2 P20
367 2 P20
368 2 P20
369 5 P30
370 5 P20
371 2 P20
372 2 P20
373 5 P20
374 5 P20
375 5 P20
376 5 P20
377 5 P20
378 5 P30
379 5 P20
380 5 P20
381 1 P30
382 5 P20
383 5 P20
384 5 P20
385 5 P20
386 5 P20
387 5 P20
388 5 P20
389 5 P20
390 2 P20
391 2 P20
392 2 P20
393 2 P20
394 2 P20
395 5 P20
396 5 P30
project_num_split.ic_code project_num_split.serial_num
1 GM 152304
2 GM 152304
3 GM 152304
4 GM 152304
5 GM 152304
6 GM 152304
7 GM 152304
8 GM 152736
9 GM 142620
10 GM 150142
11 GM 148321
12 GM 148321
13 GM 148321
14 GM 148321
15 GM 148321
16 GM 148321
17 GM 148321
18 GM 104420
19 HL 167130
20 GM 104420
21 AI 175749
22 AI 175749
23 GM 109095
24 NS 107743
25 GM 148920
26 GM 148920
27 NS 130141
28 HL 165397
29 AI 165481
30 AI 165481
31 OD 032354
32 GM 146634
33 GM 146634
34 GM 109095
35 CA 271157
36 AR 075314
37 EB 031257
38 AI 163870
39 AI 163870
40 GM 141770
41 GM 141770
42 MH 126076
43 MH 126076
44 EY 030467
45 EY 030467
46 CA 242471
47 EY 030467
48 EY 031962
49 EY 031962
50 EY 031962
51 EY 030467
52 NS 110934
53 NS 110934
54 NS 110934
55 NS 110934
56 AG 059923
57 AG 059923
58 AG 059923
59 AG 059923
60 AG 059923
61 AG 059923
62 AG 059923
63 GM 134501
64 GM 127675
65 GM 127675
66 GM 127675
67 GM 127675
68 GM 127675
69 GM 127675
70 EY 030067
71 EY 030067
72 EY 030067
73 EY 030067
74 EY 030067
75 AR 075314
76 MH 119127
77 MH 119127
78 MH 119127
79 MH 119127
80 MH 119127
81 MH 119127
82 NS 111283
83 NS 111283
84 AI 135691
85 AI 135691
86 AG 059655
87 EB 024930
88 HD 092297
89 HD 092297
90 HD 092297
91 HD 092297
92 HD 092297
93 ES 028745
94 ES 028745
95 ES 028745
96 ES 028745
97 EY 012146
98 AI 139503
99 AI 139503
100 AI 139503
101 AI 139503
102 EB 024134
103 EB 024134
104 AA 023880
105 AA 023880
106 AI 131609
107 AI 131609
108 AI 131609
109 AI 131609
110 NS 096702
111 GM 123927
112 GM 123927
113 GM 123927
114 EY 028297
115 GM 123927
116 EY 028297
117 GM 123927
118 GM 123927
119 CA 216179
120 CA 216179
121 GM 125065
122 GM 123446
123 GM 123446
124 GM 123446
125 EY 026501
126 EY 026501
127 AI 118926
128 GM 122079
129 GM 122079
130 GM 122079
131 GM 122079
132 GM 122079
133 NS 096702
134 EY 026814
135 EY 026814
136 GM 117323
137 HG 007368
138 HG 007368
139 HG 007368
140 OH 010841
141 OH 010841
142 OH 010841
143 GM 104420
144 GM 104420
145 GM 104420
146 GM 104420
147 GM 104420
148 GM 104420
149 GM 104420
150 GM 104420
151 GM 104420
152 GM 104420
153 GM 104420
154 GM 104420
155 GM 104420
156 GM 104420
157 GM 104420
158 GM 104420
159 GM 104420
160 GM 104420
161 GM 104420
162 GM 104420
163 GM 104420
164 GM 104420
165 GM 104420
166 GM 104420
167 GM 104420
168 GM 104420
169 GM 104420
170 GM 104420
171 GM 104420
172 DE 023924
173 DE 023924
174 AI 113617
175 AI 113617
176 GM 109095
177 GM 109095
178 GM 109095
179 GM 109095
180 GM 109095
181 GM 109095
182 GM 109095
183 GM 109095
184 GM 109095
185 GM 109095
186 GM 109095
187 GM 109095
188 GM 109095
189 GM 109095
190 GM 109095
191 GM 109095
192 GM 109095
193 GM 109095
194 GM 109095
195 GM 109095
196 GM 109095
197 GM 109095
198 GM 109095
199 GM 109095
200 GM 109095
201 GM 109095
202 GM 109095
203 GM 109095
204 GM 109095
205 GM 109095
206 GM 109095
207 GM 109095
208 GM 109095
209 GM 109095
210 GM 109095
211 GM 109095
212 GM 109095
213 GM 109095
214 GM 109095
215 GM 109095
216 GM 109095
217 GM 109095
218 GM 109095
219 OD 018044
220 SM 061459
221 SM 061459
222 GM 105686
223 AG 042781
224 AG 042781
225 AG 042781
226 GM 103324
227 GM 103324
228 GM 103324
229 GM 103324
230 GM 103324
231 GM 102852
232 GM 093233
233 GM 093233
234 GM 093233
235 EY 020857
236 EY 020857
237 AI 084918
238 AI 084918
239 AI 084918
240 AI 084918
241 AI 084918
242 AI 084918
243 AI 084918
244 AI 084918
245 GM 076040
246 GM 076040
247 GM 076040
248 GM 076040
249 GM 076040
250 GM 076040
251 AI 051463
252 AI 051463
253 GM 103408
254 GM 103408
255 GM 103408
256 GM 103408
257 GM 103408
258 GM 103408
259 GM 103408
260 GM 103408
261 GM 103408
262 GM 103408
263 GM 103408
264 GM 103408
265 GM 103408
266 GM 103408
267 GM 103408
268 GM 103408
269 GM 103408
270 GM 103408
271 GM 103408
272 GM 103408
273 GM 103408
274 GM 103408
275 GM 103408
276 GM 103408
277 GM 103408
278 GM 103408
279 GM 103408
280 GM 103408
281 GM 103408
282 GM 103408
283 GM 103408
284 GM 103408
285 GM 103408
286 GM 103408
287 EY 012146
288 EY 012146
289 EY 012146
290 EY 012146
291 EY 012146
292 EY 012146
293 EY 012146
294 GM 103324
295 GM 103324
296 GM 103324
297 GM 103324
298 GM 103408
299 GM 104420
300 GM 104420
301 GM 103408
302 GM 104420
303 GM 103408
304 GM 109095
305 GM 109095
306 GM 109095
307 GM 109095
308 GM 109095
309 GM 109095
310 GM 109095
311 GM 104420
312 GM 103324
313 GM 103324
314 GM 104420
315 GM 104420
316 GM 103324
317 GM 103324
318 GM 109095
319 GM 103408
320 GM 103408
321 GM 103408
322 GM 104420
323 GM 109095
324 GM 109095
325 GM 109095
326 GM 103324
327 GM 103408
328 GM 109095
329 GM 109095
330 GM 109095
331 GM 109095
332 GM 109095
333 GM 109095
334 GM 109095
335 GM 103324
336 GM 104420
337 GM 103408
338 GM 104420
339 GM 104420
340 GM 109095
341 GM 103408
342 GM 103324
343 GM 103408
344 GM 103408
345 GM 109095
346 GM 103408
347 GM 109095
348 GM 109095
349 GM 109095
350 GM 104420
351 GM 104420
352 GM 103408
353 GM 103408
354 GM 103408
355 GM 109095
356 GM 109095
357 GM 103408
358 GM 109095
359 GM 109095
360 GM 109095
361 GM 104420
362 GM 104420
363 GM 104420
364 GM 104420
365 GM 104420
366 GM 103408
367 GM 103408
368 GM 103408
369 GM 103324
370 GM 103408
371 GM 109095
372 GM 104420
373 GM 103408
374 GM 103408
375 GM 103408
376 GM 109095
377 GM 109095
378 GM 103324
379 GM 103408
380 GM 103408
381 GM 103324
382 GM 104420
383 GM 104420
384 GM 103408
385 GM 103408
386 GM 104420
387 GM 109095
388 GM 104420
389 GM 104420
390 GM 104420
391 GM 104420
392 GM 109095
393 GM 109095
394 GM 109095
395 GM 109095
396 GM 103324
project_num_split.support_year project_num_split.full_support_year
1 01 01
2 01 01
3 01 01
4 01 01
5 01 01
6 01 01
7 01 01
8 01 01
9 01 01A1
10 01 01
11 01 01
12 01 01
13 01 01
14 01 01
15 01 01
16 01 01
17 01 01
18 08 08
19 01 01
20 08 08
21 01 01
22 02 02
23 09 09
24 02 02
25 01 01
26 01 01S1
27 01 01
28 01 01
29 02 02
30 01 01A1
31 01 01
32 02 02
33 01 01
34 09 09
35 01 01
36 01 01S1
37 01 01
38 02 02
39 01 01
40 01 01
41 01 01S1
42 02 02
43 01 01
44 02 02
45 04 04
46 01 01A1
47 03 03
48 02 02
49 01 01
50 03 03
51 01 01A1
52 01 01A1
53 03 03
54 04 04
55 02 02
56 05 05
57 02 02
58 03 03
59 01 01A1
60 03 03S1
61 01 01A1S1
62 04 04
63 01 01
64 02 02
65 03 03
66 03 03S1
67 04 04S1
68 01 01A1
69 04 04
70 04 04
71 01 01
72 03 03
73 02 02
74 05 05
75 01 01
76 04 04
77 01 01
78 02 02S1
79 03 03
80 04 04S1
81 02 02
82 01 01
83 02 02
84 02 02
85 01 01A1
86 01 01A1
87 01 01A1
88 04 04
89 02 02
90 03 03
91 01 01A1
92 05 05
93 03 03S1
94 03 03
95 02 02
96 01 01A1
97 16 16S1
98 01 01
99 03 03
100 04 04
101 02 02
102 01 01A1
103 02 02
104 02 02
105 01 01A1
106 02 02
107 03 03
108 04 04
109 01 01A1
110 01 01S1
111 02 02
112 01 01
113 04 04S1
114 01 01
115 05 05
116 02 02
117 04 04
118 03 03
119 01 01
120 02 02
121 01 01
122 02 02A1S1
123 02 02A1
124 01 01
125 02 02
126 01 01A1
127 02 02
128 03 03
129 04 04
130 02 02
131 01 01
132 05 05A1
133 01 01
134 02 02
135 01 01
136 01 01
137 02 02
138 04 04
139 03 03
140 03 03
141 01 01A1
142 02 02
143 01 01A1
144 01 01A1
145 01 01A1
146 09 09
147 04 04
148 08 08
149 07 07
150 07 07
151 08 08
152 08 08
153 08 08
154 07 07
155 07 07
156 07 07
157 03 03
158 01 01A1
159 02 02
160 05 05
161 09 09
162 06 06A1S1
163 07 07
164 09 09
165 01 01A1
166 06 06A1
167 01 01A1
168 08 08
169 09 09S1
170 09 09
171 09 09
172 01 01A1
173 02 02
174 02 02
175 01 01
176 03 03S1
177 01 01
178 10 10
179 10 10
180 04 04
181 05 05
182 09 09
183 09 09
184 09 09
185 08 08
186 08 08
187 01 01
188 01 01
189 01 01
190 01 01
191 01 01
192 02 02
193 03 03
194 08 08
195 06 06
196 07 07
197 09 09S1
198 10 10
199 10 10S1
200 01 01
201 09 09
202 07 07
203 07 07
204 07 07
205 08 08S1
206 10 10
207 10 10S2
208 01 01
209 10 10
210 10 10
211 07 07
212 07 07
213 09 09
214 09 09
215 08 08
216 08 08
217 08 08
218 10 10S1
219 01 01
220 01 01
221 02 02
222 05 05
223 02 02A1
224 01 01A1
225 03 03
226 02 02
227 01 01
228 04 04
229 05 05
230 03 03
231 02 02
232 04 04
233 03 03
234 05 05
235 04 04
236 05 05
237 10 10S1
238 08 08
239 07 07
240 10 10
241 04 04
242 09 09
243 05 05
244 06 06A1
245 08 08
246 10 10
247 09 09
248 13 13
249 11 11
250 12 12
251 09 09
252 10 10
253 19 19
254 20 20S1
255 13 13
256 14 14
257 22 22
258 22 22
259 22 22
260 21 21S3
261 23 23
262 23 23S1
263 23 23S4
264 19 19S1
265 22 22
266 21 21S2
267 21 21S1
268 21 21
269 21 21
270 21 21
271 15 15
272 23 23
273 23 23
274 23 23S2
275 16 16
276 14 14S1
277 23 23
278 20 20S2
279 21 21
280 20 20S1
281 20 20
282 18 18
283 17 17
284 23 23S3
285 23 23S1
286 23 23S4
287 14 14
288 16 16
289 18 18
290 20 20
291 15 15A1
292 19 19
293 17 17
294 03 03
295 01 01
296 02 02
297 02 02
298 15 15
299 06 06A1
300 06 06A1
301 18 18
302 02 02
303 16 16
304 04 04
305 04 04
306 04 04
307 04 04
308 05 05
309 05 05
310 05 05
311 04 04
312 05 05
313 05 05
314 03 03
315 03 03
316 04 04
317 04 04
318 03 03
319 19 19
320 19 19
321 17 17
322 05 05
323 06 06
324 06 06
325 06 06
326 01 01
327 14 14
328 02 02
329 02 02
330 02 02
331 03 03
332 03 03
333 03 03
334 04 04
335 03 03
336 02 02
337 16 16
338 02 02
339 05 05
340 03 03S1
341 19 19
342 04 04
343 18 18
344 18 18
345 05 05
346 20 20
347 02 02
348 02 02
349 02 02
350 05 05
351 05 05
352 19 19
353 20 20
354 20 20
355 03 03
356 03 03
357 18 18
358 05 05
359 05 05
360 05 05
361 04 04
362 04 04
363 04 04
364 03 03
365 03 03
366 14 14
367 14 14
368 14 14
369 03 03
370 15 15
371 06 06
372 06 06A1
373 17 17
374 17 17
375 17 17
376 04 04
377 04 04
378 02 02
379 15 15
380 15 15
381 01 01
382 02 02
383 02 02
384 16 16
385 16 16
386 04 04
387 02 02
388 03 03
389 05 05
390 06 06A1
391 06 06A1
392 06 06
393 06 06
394 06 06
395 03 03
396 05 05
project_num_split.suffix_code agency_ic_admin.code
1 GM
2 GM
3 GM
4 GM
5 GM
6 GM
7 GM
8 GM
9 A1 GM
10 GM
11 GM
12 GM
13 GM
14 GM
15 GM
16 GM
17 GM
18 GM
19 HL
20 GM
21 AI
22 AI
23 GM
24 NS
25 GM
26 S1 GM
27 NS
28 HL
29 AI
30 A1 AI
31 OD
32 GM
33 GM
34 GM
35 CA
36 S1 AR
37 EB
38 AI
39 AI
40 GM
41 S1 GM
42 MH
43 MH
44 EY
45 EY
46 A1 CA
47 EY
48 EY
49 EY
50 EY
51 A1 EY
52 A1 NS
53 NS
54 NS
55 NS
56 AG
57 AG
58 AG
59 A1 AG
60 S1 AG
61 A1S1 AG
62 AG
63 GM
64 GM
65 GM
66 S1 GM
67 S1 GM
68 A1 GM
69 GM
70 EY
71 EY
72 EY
73 EY
74 EY
75 AR
76 MH
77 MH
78 S1 MH
79 MH
80 S1 MH
81 MH
82 NS
83 NS
84 AI
85 A1 AI
86 A1 AG
87 A1 EB
88 HD
89 HD
90 HD
91 A1 HD
92 HD
93 S1 ES
94 ES
95 ES
96 A1 ES
97 S1 EY
98 AI
99 AI
100 AI
101 AI
102 A1 EB
103 EB
104 AA
105 A1 AA
106 AI
107 AI
108 AI
109 A1 AI
110 S1 NS
111 GM
112 GM
113 S1 GM
114 EY
115 GM
116 EY
117 GM
118 GM
119 CA
120 CA
121 GM
122 A1S1 GM
123 A1 GM
124 GM
125 EY
126 A1 EY
127 AI
128 GM
129 GM
130 GM
131 GM
132 A1 GM
133 NS
134 EY
135 EY
136 GM
137 HG
138 HG
139 HG
140 OH
141 A1 OH
142 OH
143 A1 GM
144 A1 GM
145 A1 GM
146 GM
147 GM
148 GM
149 GM
150 GM
151 GM
152 GM
153 GM
154 GM
155 GM
156 GM
157 GM
158 A1 GM
159 GM
160 GM
161 GM
162 A1S1 GM
163 GM
164 GM
165 A1 GM
166 A1 GM
167 A1 GM
168 GM
169 S1 GM
170 GM
171 GM
172 A1 DE
173 DE
174 AI
175 AI
176 S1 GM
177 GM
178 GM
179 GM
180 GM
181 GM
182 GM
183 GM
184 GM
185 GM
186 GM
187 GM
188 GM
189 GM
190 GM
191 GM
192 GM
193 GM
194 GM
195 GM
196 GM
197 S1 GM
198 GM
199 S1 GM
200 GM
201 GM
202 GM
203 GM
204 GM
205 S1 GM
206 GM
207 S2 GM
208 GM
209 GM
210 GM
211 GM
212 GM
213 GM
214 GM
215 GM
216 GM
217 GM
218 S1 GM
219 OD
220 SU
221 SU
222 GM
223 A1 AG
224 A1 AG
225 AG
226 GM
227 GM
228 GM
229 GM
230 GM
231 GM
232 GM
233 GM
234 GM
235 EY
236 EY
237 S1 AI
238 AI
239 AI
240 AI
241 AI
242 AI
243 AI
244 A1 AI
245 GM
246 GM
247 GM
248 GM
249 GM
250 GM
251 AI
252 AI
253 GM
254 S1 GM
255 GM
256 GM
257 GM
258 GM
259 GM
260 S3 GM
261 GM
262 S1 GM
263 S4 GM
264 S1 GM
265 GM
266 S2 GM
267 S1 GM
268 GM
269 GM
270 GM
271 GM
272 GM
273 GM
274 S2 GM
275 GM
276 S1 GM
277 GM
278 S2 GM
279 GM
280 S1 GM
281 GM
282 GM
283 GM
284 S3 GM
285 S1 GM
286 S4 GM
287 EY
288 EY
289 EY
290 EY
291 A1 EY
292 EY
293 EY
294 GM
295 GM
296 GM
297 GM
298 GM
299 A1 GM
300 A1 GM
301 GM
302 GM
303 GM
304 GM
305 GM
306 GM
307 GM
308 GM
309 GM
310 GM
311 GM
312 GM
313 GM
314 GM
315 GM
316 GM
317 GM
318 GM
319 GM
320 GM
321 GM
322 GM
323 GM
324 GM
325 GM
326 GM
327 GM
328 GM
329 GM
330 GM
331 GM
332 GM
333 GM
334 GM
335 GM
336 GM
337 GM
338 GM
339 GM
340 S1 GM
341 GM
342 GM
343 GM
344 GM
345 GM
346 GM
347 GM
348 GM
349 GM
350 GM
351 GM
352 GM
353 GM
354 GM
355 GM
356 GM
357 GM
358 GM
359 GM
360 GM
361 GM
362 GM
363 GM
364 GM
365 GM
366 GM
367 GM
368 GM
369 GM
370 GM
371 GM
372 A1 GM
373 GM
374 GM
375 GM
376 GM
377 GM
378 GM
379 GM
380 GM
381 GM
382 GM
383 GM
384 GM
385 GM
386 GM
387 GM
388 GM
389 GM
390 A1 GM
391 A1 GM
392 GM
393 GM
394 GM
395 GM
396 GM
agency_ic_admin.abbreviation
1 NIGMS
2 NIGMS
3 NIGMS
4 NIGMS
5 NIGMS
6 NIGMS
7 NIGMS
8 NIGMS
9 NIGMS
10 NIGMS
11 NIGMS
12 NIGMS
13 NIGMS
14 NIGMS
15 NIGMS
16 NIGMS
17 NIGMS
18 NIGMS
19 NHLBI
20 NIGMS
21 NIAID
22 NIAID
23 NIGMS
24 NINDS
25 NIGMS
26 NIGMS
27 NINDS
28 NHLBI
29 NIAID
30 NIAID
31 OD
32 NIGMS
33 NIGMS
34 NIGMS
35 NCI
36 NIAMS
37 NIBIB
38 NIAID
39 NIAID
40 NIGMS
41 NIGMS
42 NIMH
43 NIMH
44 NEI
45 NEI
46 NCI
47 NEI
48 NEI
49 NEI
50 NEI
51 NEI
52 NINDS
53 NINDS
54 NINDS
55 NINDS
56 NIA
57 NIA
58 NIA
59 NIA
60 NIA
61 NIA
62 NIA
63 NIGMS
64 NIGMS
65 NIGMS
66 NIGMS
67 NIGMS
68 NIGMS
69 NIGMS
70 NEI
71 NEI
72 NEI
73 NEI
74 NEI
75 NIAMS
76 NIMH
77 NIMH
78 NIMH
79 NIMH
80 NIMH
81 NIMH
82 NINDS
83 NINDS
84 NIAID
85 NIAID
86 NIA
87 NIBIB
88 NICHD
89 NICHD
90 NICHD
91 NICHD
92 NICHD
93 NIEHS
94 NIEHS
95 NIEHS
96 NIEHS
97 NEI
98 NIAID
99 NIAID
100 NIAID
101 NIAID
102 NIBIB
103 NIBIB
104 NIAAA
105 NIAAA
106 NIAID
107 NIAID
108 NIAID
109 NIAID
110 NINDS
111 NIGMS
112 NIGMS
113 NIGMS
114 NEI
115 NIGMS
116 NEI
117 NIGMS
118 NIGMS
119 NCI
120 NCI
121 NIGMS
122 NIGMS
123 NIGMS
124 NIGMS
125 NEI
126 NEI
127 NIAID
128 NIGMS
129 NIGMS
130 NIGMS
131 NIGMS
132 NIGMS
133 NINDS
134 NEI
135 NEI
136 NIGMS
137 NHGRI
138 NHGRI
139 NHGRI
140 NIOSH
141 NIOSH
142 NIOSH
143 NIGMS
144 NIGMS
145 NIGMS
146 NIGMS
147 NIGMS
148 NIGMS
149 NIGMS
150 NIGMS
151 NIGMS
152 NIGMS
153 NIGMS
154 NIGMS
155 NIGMS
156 NIGMS
157 NIGMS
158 NIGMS
159 NIGMS
160 NIGMS
161 NIGMS
162 NIGMS
163 NIGMS
164 NIGMS
165 NIGMS
166 NIGMS
167 NIGMS
168 NIGMS
169 NIGMS
170 NIGMS
171 NIGMS
172 NIDCR
173 NIDCR
174 NIAID
175 NIAID
176 NIGMS
177 NIGMS
178 NIGMS
179 NIGMS
180 NIGMS
181 NIGMS
182 NIGMS
183 NIGMS
184 NIGMS
185 NIGMS
186 NIGMS
187 NIGMS
188 NIGMS
189 NIGMS
190 NIGMS
191 NIGMS
192 NIGMS
193 NIGMS
194 NIGMS
195 NIGMS
196 NIGMS
197 NIGMS
198 NIGMS
199 NIGMS
200 NIGMS
201 NIGMS
202 NIGMS
203 NIGMS
204 NIGMS
205 NIGMS
206 NIGMS
207 NIGMS
208 NIGMS
209 NIGMS
210 NIGMS
211 NIGMS
212 NIGMS
213 NIGMS
214 NIGMS
215 NIGMS
216 NIGMS
217 NIGMS
218 NIGMS
219 OD
220 SAMHSA
221 SAMHSA
222 NIGMS
223 NIA
224 NIA
225 NIA
226 NIGMS
227 NIGMS
228 NIGMS
229 NIGMS
230 NIGMS
231 NIGMS
232 NIGMS
233 NIGMS
234 NIGMS
235 NEI
236 NEI
237 NIAID
238 NIAID
239 NIAID
240 NIAID
241 NIAID
242 NIAID
243 NIAID
244 NIAID
245 NIGMS
246 NIGMS
247 NIGMS
248 NIGMS
249 NIGMS
250 NIGMS
251 NIAID
252 NIAID
253 NIGMS
254 NIGMS
255 NIGMS
256 NIGMS
257 NIGMS
258 NIGMS
259 NIGMS
260 NIGMS
261 NIGMS
262 NIGMS
263 NIGMS
264 NIGMS
265 NIGMS
266 NIGMS
267 NIGMS
268 NIGMS
269 NIGMS
270 NIGMS
271 NIGMS
272 NIGMS
273 NIGMS
274 NIGMS
275 NIGMS
276 NIGMS
277 NIGMS
278 NIGMS
279 NIGMS
280 NIGMS
281 NIGMS
282 NIGMS
283 NIGMS
284 NIGMS
285 NIGMS
286 NIGMS
287 NEI
288 NEI
289 NEI
290 NEI
291 NEI
292 NEI
293 NEI
294 NIGMS
295 NIGMS
296 NIGMS
297 NIGMS
298 NIGMS
299 NIGMS
300 NIGMS
301 NIGMS
302 NIGMS
303 NIGMS
304 NIGMS
305 NIGMS
306 NIGMS
307 NIGMS
308 NIGMS
309 NIGMS
310 NIGMS
311 NIGMS
312 NIGMS
313 NIGMS
314 NIGMS
315 NIGMS
316 NIGMS
317 NIGMS
318 NIGMS
319 NIGMS
320 NIGMS
321 NIGMS
322 NIGMS
323 NIGMS
324 NIGMS
325 NIGMS
326 NIGMS
327 NIGMS
328 NIGMS
329 NIGMS
330 NIGMS
331 NIGMS
332 NIGMS
333 NIGMS
334 NIGMS
335 NIGMS
336 NIGMS
337 NIGMS
338 NIGMS
339 NIGMS
340 NIGMS
341 NIGMS
342 NIGMS
343 NIGMS
344 NIGMS
345 NIGMS
346 NIGMS
347 NIGMS
348 NIGMS
349 NIGMS
350 NIGMS
351 NIGMS
352 NIGMS
353 NIGMS
354 NIGMS
355 NIGMS
356 NIGMS
357 NIGMS
358 NIGMS
359 NIGMS
360 NIGMS
361 NIGMS
362 NIGMS
363 NIGMS
364 NIGMS
365 NIGMS
366 NIGMS
367 NIGMS
368 NIGMS
369 NIGMS
370 NIGMS
371 NIGMS
372 NIGMS
373 NIGMS
374 NIGMS
375 NIGMS
376 NIGMS
377 NIGMS
378 NIGMS
379 NIGMS
380 NIGMS
381 NIGMS
382 NIGMS
383 NIGMS
384 NIGMS
385 NIGMS
386 NIGMS
387 NIGMS
388 NIGMS
389 NIGMS
390 NIGMS
391 NIGMS
392 NIGMS
393 NIGMS
394 NIGMS
395 NIGMS
396 NIGMS
agency_ic_admin.name
1 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
2 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
3 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
4 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
5 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
6 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
7 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
8 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
9 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
10 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
11 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
12 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
13 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
14 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
15 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
16 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
17 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
18 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
19 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
20 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
21 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
22 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
23 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
24 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
25 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
26 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
27 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
28 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
29 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
30 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
31 NIH Office of the Director
32 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
33 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
34 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
35 National Cancer Institute
36 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
37 National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
38 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
39 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
40 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
41 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
42 National Institute of Mental Health
43 National Institute of Mental Health
44 National Eye Institute
45 National Eye Institute
46 National Cancer Institute
47 National Eye Institute
48 National Eye Institute
49 National Eye Institute
50 National Eye Institute
51 National Eye Institute
52 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
53 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
54 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
55 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
56 National Institute on Aging
57 National Institute on Aging
58 National Institute on Aging
59 National Institute on Aging
60 National Institute on Aging
61 National Institute on Aging
62 National Institute on Aging
63 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
64 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
65 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
66 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
67 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
68 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
69 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
70 National Eye Institute
71 National Eye Institute
72 National Eye Institute
73 National Eye Institute
74 National Eye Institute
75 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
76 National Institute of Mental Health
77 National Institute of Mental Health
78 National Institute of Mental Health
79 National Institute of Mental Health
80 National Institute of Mental Health
81 National Institute of Mental Health
82 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
83 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
84 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
85 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
86 National Institute on Aging
87 National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
88 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
89 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
90 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
91 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
92 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
93 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
94 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
95 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
96 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
97 National Eye Institute
98 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
99 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
100 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
101 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
102 National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
103 National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
104 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
105 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
106 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
107 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
108 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
109 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
110 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
111 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
112 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
113 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
114 National Eye Institute
115 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
116 National Eye Institute
117 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
118 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
119 National Cancer Institute
120 National Cancer Institute
121 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
122 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
123 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
124 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
125 National Eye Institute
126 National Eye Institute
127 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
128 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
129 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
130 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
131 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
132 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
133 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
134 National Eye Institute
135 National Eye Institute
136 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
137 National Human Genome Research Institute
138 National Human Genome Research Institute
139 National Human Genome Research Institute
140 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
141 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
142 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
143 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
144 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
145 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
146 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
147 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
148 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
149 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
150 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
151 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
152 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
153 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
154 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
155 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
156 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
157 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
158 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
159 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
160 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
161 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
162 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
163 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
164 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
165 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
166 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
167 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
168 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
169 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
170 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
171 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
172 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
173 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
174 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
175 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
176 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
177 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
178 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
179 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
180 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
181 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
182 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
183 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
184 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
185 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
186 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
187 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
188 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
189 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
190 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
191 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
192 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
193 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
194 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
195 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
196 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
197 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
198 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
199 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
200 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
201 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
202 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
203 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
204 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
205 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
206 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
207 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
208 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
209 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
210 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
211 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
212 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
213 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
214 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
215 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
216 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
217 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
218 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
219 NIH Office of the Director
220 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
221 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
222 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
223 National Institute on Aging
224 National Institute on Aging
225 National Institute on Aging
226 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
227 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
228 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
229 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
230 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
231 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
232 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
233 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
234 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
235 National Eye Institute
236 National Eye Institute
237 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
238 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
239 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
240 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
241 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
242 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
243 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
244 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
245 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
246 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
247 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
248 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
249 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
250 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
251 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
252 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
253 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
254 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
255 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
256 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
257 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
258 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
259 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
260 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
261 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
262 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
263 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
264 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
265 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
266 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
267 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
268 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
269 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
270 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
271 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
272 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
273 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
274 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
275 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
276 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
277 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
278 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
279 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
280 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
281 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
282 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
283 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
284 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
285 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
286 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
287 National Eye Institute
288 National Eye Institute
289 National Eye Institute
290 National Eye Institute
291 National Eye Institute
292 National Eye Institute
293 National Eye Institute
294 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
295 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
296 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
297 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
298 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
299 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
300 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
301 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
302 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
303 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
304 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
305 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
306 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
307 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
308 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
309 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
310 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
311 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
312 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
313 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
314 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
315 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
316 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
317 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
318 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
319 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
320 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
321 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
322 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
323 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
324 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
325 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
326 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
327 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
328 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
329 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
330 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
331 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
332 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
333 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
334 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
335 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
336 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
337 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
338 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
339 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
340 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
341 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
342 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
343 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
344 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
345 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
346 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
347 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
348 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
349 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
350 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
351 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
352 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
353 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
354 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
355 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
356 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
357 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
358 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
359 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
360 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
361 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
362 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
363 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
364 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
365 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
366 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
367 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
368 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
369 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
370 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
371 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
372 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
373 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
374 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
375 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
376 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
377 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
378 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
379 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
380 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
381 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
382 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
383 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
384 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
385 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
386 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
387 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
388 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
389 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
390 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
391 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
392 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
393 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
394 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
395 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
396 National Institute of General Medical Sciences
organization_type.name organization_type.code
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2 Domestic Higher Education 10
3 Domestic Higher Education 10
4 Domestic Higher Education 10
5 Domestic Higher Education 10
6 Domestic Higher Education 10
7 Domestic Higher Education 10
8 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
9 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
10 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
11 Domestic Higher Education 10
12 Domestic Higher Education 10
13 Domestic Higher Education 10
14 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
15 Domestic Higher Education 10
16 Domestic Higher Education 10
17 Domestic Higher Education 10
18 Domestic Higher Education 10
19 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
20 Domestic Higher Education 10
21 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
22 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
23 Domestic Higher Education 10
24 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
25 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
26 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
27 SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION 10
28 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
29 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
30 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
31 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
32 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
33 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
34 Domestic Higher Education 10
35 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
36 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
37 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
38 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
39 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
40 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
41 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
42 SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS 10
43 SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS 10
44 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
45 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
46 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
47 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
48 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
49 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
50 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
51 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
52 ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS 10
53 ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS 10
54 ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS 10
55 ORGANIZED RESEARCH UNITS 10
56 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
57 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
58 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
59 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
60 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
61 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
62 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
63 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
64 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
65 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
66 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
67 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
68 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
69 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
70 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
71 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
72 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
73 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
74 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
75 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
76 SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK 10
77 SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK 10
78 SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK 10
79 SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK 10
80 SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK 10
81 SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WELFARE/WORK 10
82 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
83 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
84 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
85 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
86 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
87 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
88 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
89 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
90 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
91 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
92 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
93 SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS 10
94 SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS 10
95 SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS 10
96 SCH ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS 10
97 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
98 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
99 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
100 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
101 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
102 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
103 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
104 SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION 10
105 SCHOOLS OF EDUCATION 10
106 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
107 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
108 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
109 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
110 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
111 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
112 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
113 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
114 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
115 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
116 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
117 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
118 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
119 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
120 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
121 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
122 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
123 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
124 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
125 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
126 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
127 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
128 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
129 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
130 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
131 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
132 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
133 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
134 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
135 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
136 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
137 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
138 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
139 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
140 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
141 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
142 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
143 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
144 Domestic Higher Education 10
145 Domestic Higher Education 10
146 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
147 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
148 Domestic Higher Education 10
149 Domestic Higher Education 10
150 Domestic Higher Education 10
151 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
152 Domestic Higher Education 10
153 Domestic Higher Education 10
154 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
155 Domestic Higher Education 10
156 Domestic Higher Education 10
157 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
158 Domestic Higher Education 10
159 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
160 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
161 Domestic Higher Education 10
162 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
163 Domestic Higher Education 10
164 Domestic Higher Education 10
165 Domestic Higher Education 10
166 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
167 Domestic Higher Education 10
168 Domestic Higher Education 10
169 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
170 Domestic Higher Education 10
171 Domestic Higher Education 10
172 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
173 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
174 UNIVERSITY-WIDE 10
175 UNIVERSITY-WIDE 10
176 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
177 Domestic Higher Education 10
178 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
179 Domestic Higher Education 10
180 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
181 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
182 Domestic Higher Education 10
183 Domestic Higher Education 10
184 Domestic Higher Education 10
185 Domestic Higher Education 10
186 Domestic Higher Education 10
187 Domestic Higher Education 10
188 Domestic Higher Education 10
189 Domestic Higher Education 10
190 Domestic Higher Education 10
191 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
192 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
193 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
194 Domestic Higher Education 10
195 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
196 Domestic Higher Education 10
197 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
198 Domestic Higher Education 10
199 Domestic Higher Education 10
200 Domestic Higher Education 10
201 Domestic Higher Education 10
202 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
203 Domestic Higher Education 10
204 Domestic Higher Education 10
205 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
206 Domestic Higher Education 10
207 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
208 Domestic Higher Education 10
209 Domestic Higher Education 10
210 Domestic Higher Education 10
211 Domestic Higher Education 10
212 Domestic Higher Education 10
213 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
214 Domestic Higher Education 10
215 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
216 Domestic Higher Education 10
217 Domestic Higher Education 10
218 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
219 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
220 Domestic Higher Education 10
221 Domestic Higher Education 10
222 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
223 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
224 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
225 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
226 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
227 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
228 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
229 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
230 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
231 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
232 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
233 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
234 BIOMED ENGR/COL ENGR/ENGR STA 10
235 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
236 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
237 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
238 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
239 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
240 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
241 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
242 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
243 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
244 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
245 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
246 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
247 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
248 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
249 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
250 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
251 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
252 EARTH SCIENCES/RESOURCES 10
253 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
254 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
255 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
256 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
257 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
258 Domestic Higher Education 10
259 Domestic Higher Education 10
260 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
261 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
262 Domestic Higher Education 10
263 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
264 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
265 Domestic Higher Education 10
266 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
267 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
268 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
269 Domestic Higher Education 10
270 Domestic Higher Education 10
271 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
272 Domestic Higher Education 10
273 Domestic Higher Education 10
274 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
275 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
276 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
277 Domestic Higher Education 10
278 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
279 Domestic Higher Education 10
280 Domestic Higher Education 10
281 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
282 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
283 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
284 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
285 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
286 Domestic Higher Education 10
287 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
288 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
289 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
290 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
291 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
292 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
293 SCHOOLS OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 10
294 Domestic Higher Education 10
295 Domestic Higher Education 10
296 Domestic Higher Education 10
297 Domestic Higher Education 10
298 Domestic Higher Education 10
299 Domestic Higher Education 10
300 Domestic Higher Education 10
301 Domestic Higher Education 10
302 Domestic Higher Education 10
303 Domestic Higher Education 10
304 Domestic Higher Education 10
305 Domestic Higher Education 10
306 Domestic Higher Education 10
307 Domestic Higher Education 10
308 Domestic Higher Education 10
309 Domestic Higher Education 10
310 Domestic Higher Education 10
311 Domestic Higher Education 10
312 Domestic Higher Education 10
313 Domestic Higher Education 10
314 Domestic Higher Education 10
315 Domestic Higher Education 10
316 Domestic Higher Education 10
317 Domestic Higher Education 10
318 Domestic Higher Education 10
319 Domestic Higher Education 10
320 Domestic Higher Education 10
321 Domestic Higher Education 10
322 Domestic Higher Education 10
323 Domestic Higher Education 10
324 Domestic Higher Education 10
325 Domestic Higher Education 10
326 Domestic Higher Education 10
327 Domestic Higher Education 10
328 Domestic Higher Education 10
329 Domestic Higher Education 10
330 Domestic Higher Education 10
331 Domestic Higher Education 10
332 Domestic Higher Education 10
333 Domestic Higher Education 10
334 Domestic Higher Education 10
335 Domestic Higher Education 10
336 Domestic Higher Education 10
337 Domestic Higher Education 10
338 Domestic Higher Education 10
339 Domestic Higher Education 10
340 Domestic Higher Education 10
341 Domestic Higher Education 10
342 Domestic Higher Education 10
343 Domestic Higher Education 10
344 Domestic Higher Education 10
345 Domestic Higher Education 10
346 Domestic Higher Education 10
347 Domestic Higher Education 10
348 Domestic Higher Education 10
349 Domestic Higher Education 10
350 Domestic Higher Education 10
351 Domestic Higher Education 10
352 Domestic Higher Education 10
353 Domestic Higher Education 10
354 Domestic Higher Education 10
355 Domestic Higher Education 10
356 Domestic Higher Education 10
357 Domestic Higher Education 10
358 Domestic Higher Education 10
359 Domestic Higher Education 10
360 Domestic Higher Education 10
361 Domestic Higher Education 10
362 Domestic Higher Education 10
363 Domestic Higher Education 10
364 Domestic Higher Education 10
365 Domestic Higher Education 10
366 Domestic Higher Education 10
367 Domestic Higher Education 10
368 Domestic Higher Education 10
369 Domestic Higher Education 10
370 Domestic Higher Education 10
371 Domestic Higher Education 10
372 Domestic Higher Education 10
373 Domestic Higher Education 10
374 Domestic Higher Education 10
375 Domestic Higher Education 10
376 Domestic Higher Education 10
377 Domestic Higher Education 10
378 Domestic Higher Education 10
379 Domestic Higher Education 10
380 Domestic Higher Education 10
381 Domestic Higher Education 10
382 Domestic Higher Education 10
383 Domestic Higher Education 10
384 Domestic Higher Education 10
385 Domestic Higher Education 10
386 Domestic Higher Education 10
387 Domestic Higher Education 10
388 Domestic Higher Education 10
389 Domestic Higher Education 10
390 Domestic Higher Education 10
391 Domestic Higher Education 10
392 Domestic Higher Education 10
393 Domestic Higher Education 10
394 Domestic Higher Education 10
395 Domestic Higher Education 10
396 Domestic Higher Education 10
organization_type.is_other full_study_section.srg_code
1 FALSE ZGM1
2 TRUE ZGM1
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31 FALSE ZRG1
32 FALSE TWD
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184 TRUE ZGM1
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384 TRUE ZGM1
385 TRUE ZGM1
386 TRUE ZGM1
387 TRUE ZGM1
388 TRUE ZGM1
389 TRUE ZGM1
390 TRUE ZGM1
391 TRUE ZGM1
392 TRUE ZGM1
393 TRUE ZGM1
394 TRUE ZGM1
395 TRUE ZGM1
396 TRUE ZRR1
full_study_section.srg_flex full_study_section.sra_designator_code
1 RCB
2 RCB
3 RCB
4 RCB
5 RCB
6 RCB
7 RCB
8 BBCB
9 C
10 CB
11 RCB
12 RCB
13 RCB
14 RCB
15 RCB
16 RCB
17 RCB
18 RCB
19 CB
20 RCB
21
22
23 RCB
24 MDCN
25
26 <NA> <NA>
27
28
29
30
31 CB
32
33 D
34 RCB
35 OTC
36
37 BST
38 IDIA
39 IDIA
40
41 <NA> <NA>
42
43
44
45
46 OBT
47
48 F05
49 F05
50 F05
51
52 BDCN
53 BDCN
54 BDCN
55 BDCN
56
57
58
59
60
61 <NA> <NA>
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75 MOSS
76
77
78 <NA> <NA>
79
80
81
82
83
84 IDM
85 IDM
86 MOSS
87 SBIB
88 IDM
89 IDM
90 IDM
91 IDM
92 IDM
93
94 LAT
95 LAT
96 LAT
97 <NA> <NA>
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105 2
106 IDM
107 IDM
108 IDM
109 IDM
110
111
112 D
113
114
115
116
117
118
119 SRB
120 SRB
121 IDM
122
123 GGG
124 GGG
125 CB
126 CB
127 IDM
128 BBCB
129 BBCB
130 BBCB
131 BBCB
132
133 MDCN
134 CB
135 CB
136
137
138
139
140 NXT
141 NXT
142 NXT
143 TWD
144 TWD
145 TWD
146 RCB
147 TWD
148 RCB
149 RCB
150 RCB
151 RCB
152 RCB
153 RCB
154 RCB
155 RCB
156 RCB
157 TWD
158 TWD
159 TWD
160 TWD
161 RCB
162
163 RCB
164 RCB
165 TWD
166 RCB
167 TWD
168 RCB
169
170 RCB
171 RCB
172
173
174 IDM
175 IDM
176 TWD
177 TWD
178 RCB
179 RCB
180 TWD
181 TWD
182 RCB
183 RCB
184 RCB
185 RCB
186 RCB
187 TWD
188 TWD
189 TWD
190 TWD
191 TWD
192 TWD
193 TWD
194 RCB
195 RCB
196 RCB
197
198 RCB
199
200 TWD
201 RCB
202 RCB
203 RCB
204 RCB
205
206 RCB
207
208 TWD
209 RCB
210 RCB
211 RCB
212 RCB
213 RCB
214 RCB
215 RCB
216 RCB
217 RCB
218
219 CB
220 MHS
221 MHS
222
223 MDCN
224 MDCN
225 MDCN
226 RI
227 RI
228 RI
229 RI
230 RI
231 CB
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253 RCB
254 RCB
255 RI
256 TWD
257 RCB
258 RCB
259 RCB
260
261 RCB
262
263
264 RCB
265 RCB
266
267
268 RCB
269 RCB
270 RCB
271 TWD
272 RCB
273 RCB
274
275 TWD
276 TWD
277 RCB
278
279 RCB
280 RCB
281 RCB
282 TWD
283 TWD
284
285
286 <NA> <NA>
287
288
289
290
291 CB
292
293
294 RI
295 RI
296 RI
297 RI
298 TWD
299 RCB
300 RCB
301 TWD
302 TWD
303 TWD
304 TWD
305 TWD
306 TWD
307 TWD
308 TWD
309 TWD
310 TWD
311 TWD
312 RI
313 RI
314 TWD
315 TWD
316 RI
317 RI
318 TWD
319 RCB
320 RCB
321 TWD
322 TWD
323 RCB
324 RCB
325 RCB
326 RI
327 TWD
328 TWD
329 TWD
330 TWD
331 TWD
332 TWD
333 TWD
334 TWD
335 RI
336 TWD
337 TWD
338 TWD
339 TWD
340 TWD
341 RCB
342 RI
343 TWD
344 TWD
345 TWD
346 RCB
347 TWD
348 TWD
349 TWD
350 TWD
351 TWD
352 RCB
353 RCB
354 RCB
355 TWD
356 TWD
357 TWD
358 TWD
359 TWD
360 TWD
361 TWD
362 TWD
363 TWD
364 TWD
365 TWD
366 TWD
367 TWD
368 TWD
369 RI
370 TWD
371 RCB
372 RCB
373 TWD
374 TWD
375 TWD
376 TWD
377 TWD
378 RI
379 TWD
380 TWD
381 RI
382 TWD
383 TWD
384 TWD
385 TWD
386 TWD
387 TWD
388 TWD
389 TWD
390 RCB
391 RCB
392 RCB
393 RCB
394 RCB
395 TWD
396 RI
full_study_section.sra_flex_code full_study_section.group_code
1 9 C1
2 9 C1
3 9 C1
4 9 C1
5 9 C1
6 9 C1
7 9 C1
8 U BM
9
10 H 55
11 9 C1
12 9 C1
13 9 C1
14 9 C1
15 9 C1
16 9 C1
17 9 C1
18 3 C2
19 H 80
20 3 C2
21
22
23 3 C2
24 R 86
25
26 <NA> <NA>
27
28
29
30
31 B 30
32
33
34 3 C2
35 A 80
36 82
37 U 50
38 B 81
39 B 81
40
41 <NA> <NA>
42
43
44
45
46 Q 81
47
48 U 20
49 U 20
50 U 20
51
52 E 02
53 E 02
54 E 02
55 E 02
56
57
58
59
60
61 <NA> <NA>
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75 D 82
76
77
78 <NA> <NA>
79
80
81
82
83
84 B 80
85 B 80
86 D 82
87 G 83
88 N 50
89 N 50
90 N 50
91 N 50
92 N 50
93 K2
94 D K2
95 D K2
96 D K2
97 <NA> <NA>
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106 M 02
107 M 02
108 M 02
109 M 02
110 86
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119 8 J1
120 8 J1
121 S 81
122 81
123 M 81
124 F 80
125 G 02
126 G 02
127 P 02
128 5 BM
129 5 BM
130 5 BM
131 5 BM
132
133 R 86
134 G 02
135 G 02
136
137
138
139
140 50
141 50
142 50
143 A C1
144 A C1
145 A C1
146 3 C2
147 A C1
148 3
149 3
150 3
151 3 C2
152 3
153 3
154 3 C2
155 3
156 3
157 A C1
158 A C1
159 A C1
160 A C1
161 3
162 C2
163 3
164 3
165 A C1
166 3 C2
167 A C1
168 3
169 C2
170 3
171 3
172
173
174 B 80
175 B 80
176 A C1
177 A C1
178 3 C2
179 3
180 A C1
181 A C1
182 3
183 3
184 3
185 3
186 3
187 A C1
188 A C1
189 A C1
190 A C1
191 A C1
192 A C1
193 A C1
194 3
195 3 C2
196 3
197 C2
198 3
199
200 A C1
201 3
202 3 C2
203 3
204 3
205 C2
206 3
207 C2
208 A C1
209 3
210 3
211 3
212 3
213 3 C2
214 3
215 3 C2
216 3
217 3
218 C2
219 P 30
220 A A1
221 A A1
222
223 R 86
224 A 96
225 R 86
226 B 01
227 B 01
228 B 01
229 B 01
230 B 01
231 T 81
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253 2 IN
254 2 IN
255 4 01
256 3 IN
257 2 IN
258 2
259 2
260 IN
261 2 IN
262
263 IN
264 2 IN
265 2
266 IN
267 IN
268 2 IN
269 2
270 2
271 3 IN
272 2
273 2
274 IN
275 3 IN
276 3 IN
277 2
278 IN
279 2
280 2
281 2 IN
282 3 IN
283 3 IN
284 IN
285 IN
286 <NA> <NA>
287
288
289
290
291 F 02
292
293
294 B
295 B 01
296 B
297 B
298 3
299 3 C2
300 3 C2
301 3
302 A
303 3
304 A
305 A
306 A
307 A
308 A
309 A
310 A
311 A
312 B
313 B
314 A
315 A
316 B
317 B
318 A
319 2 IN
320 2 IN
321 3
322 A
323 3 C2
324 3 C2
325 3 C2
326 B 01
327 3 IN
328 A
329 A
330 A
331 A
332 A
333 A
334 A
335 B
336 A
337 3
338 A
339 A
340 A C1
341 2 IN
342 B
343 3
344 3
345 A
346 2
347 A
348 A
349 A
350 A
351 A
352 2 IN
353 2
354 2
355 A
356 A
357 3
358 A
359 A
360 A
361 A
362 A
363 A
364 A
365 A
366 3 IN
367 3 IN
368 3 IN
369 B
370 3
371 3 C2
372 3 C2
373 3
374 3
375 3
376 A
377 A
378 B
379 3
380 3
381 B 01
382 A
383 A
384 3
385 3
386 A
387 A
388 A
389 A
390 3 C2
391 3 C2
392 3 C2
393 3 C2
394 3 C2
395 A
396 B
full_study_section.name
1 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
2 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
3 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
4 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
5 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
6 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
7 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
8 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 BBCB-U (BM)]
9 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - C[TWD-C]
10 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-H (55)]
11 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
12 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
13 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
14 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
15 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
16 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
17 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-9 (C1)]
18 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
19 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-H (80)]
20 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
21 Macromolecular Structure and Function B Study Section[MSFB]
22 Macromolecular Structure and Function B Study Section[MSFB]
23 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
24 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-MDCN-R(86)A]
25 Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section[MSFA]
26 <NA>
27 Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, Regeneration and Rhythmicity Study Section[NDPR]
28 Basic Biology of Blood, Heart and Vasculature Study Section [BBHV]
29 Vector Biology Study Section[VB]
30 Vector Biology Study Section[VB]
31 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-B (30)]
32 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
33 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
34 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
35 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 OTC-A (80)]
36
37 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 BST-U (50)]
38 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDIA-B(81)]
39 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDIA-B (81)]
40 Macromolecular Structure and Function C Study Section[MSFC]
41 <NA>
42 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
43 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
44 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
45 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
46 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 OBT-Q (81)]
47 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
48 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-F05-U(20)L]
49 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 F05-U (20)]
50 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-F05-U(20)L]
51 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
52 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 BDCN-E (02)]
53 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-BDCN-E(02)]
54 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-BDCN-E(02)]
55 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-BDCN-E(02)]
56 Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
57 Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
58 Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
59 Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
60 Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
61 <NA>
62 Intercellular Interactions Study Section[ICI]
63 Molecular and Integrative Signal Transduction Study Section[MIST]
64 Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
65 Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
66 Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
67 Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
68 Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
69 Membrane Biology and Protein Processing Study Section[MBPP]
70 Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
71 Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
72 Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
73 Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
74 Biology of the Visual System Study Section[BVS]
75 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MOSS-D (82)]
76 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
77 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
78 <NA>
79 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
80 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
81 Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health Study Section[DIRH]
82 Neuroscience and Ophthalmic Imaging Technologies Study Section[NOIT]
83 Neuroscience and Ophthalmic Imaging Technologies Study Section[NOIT]
84 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-B(80)S]
85 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-B (80)]
86 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MOSS-D (82)]
87 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 SBIB-G (83)]
88 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
89 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
90 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
91 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-N (50)]
92 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-N(50)]
93
94 ZES1-LAT-D(K2)
95 ZES1-LAT-D(K2)
96 Special Emphasis Panel[ZES1 LAT-D (K2)]
97 <NA>
98 Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
99 Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
100 Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
101 Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
102 Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Study Section[MTE]
103 Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Study Section[MTE]
104 Epidemiology, Prevention and Behavior Research Study Section[AA-2]
105 Epidemiology, Prevention and Behavior Research Study Section[AA-2]
106 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-M(02)M]
107 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-M(02)M]
108 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-M(02)M]
109 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-M (02)]
110
111 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
112 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
113 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
114 Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, Regeneration and Rhythmicity Study Section[NDPR]
115 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
116 Neurodifferentiation, Plasticity, Regeneration and Rhythmicity Study Section[NDPR]
117 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
118 Training and Workforce Development Study Section - D[TWD-D]
119 Special Emphasis Panel[ZCA1 SRB-8 (J1)]
120 ZCA1-SRB-8(J1)
121 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-S (81)]
122
123 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 GGG-M (81)]
124 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 GGG-F (80)]
125 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-CB-G(02)M]
126 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-G (02)]
127 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-P(02)M]
128 ZGM1-BBCB-5(BM)
129 ZGM1-BBCB-5(BM)
130 ZGM1-BBCB-5(BM)
131 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 BBCB-5 (BM)]
132 Modeling and Analysis of Biological Systems Study Section[MABS]
133 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-R (86)]
134 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-CB-G(02)M]
135 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-G (02)]
136 Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section[MSFA]
137 NSS
138 NSS
139 NSS
140 ZOH1-NXT(50)
141 Special Emphasis Panel[ZOH1 NXT (50)]
142 ZOH1-NXT(50)
143 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
144 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
145 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
146 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
147 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
148 ZGM1-RCB-3
149 ZGM1-RCB-3
150 ZGM1-RCB-3
151 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
152 ZGM1-RCB-3
153 ZGM1-RCB-3
154 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
155 ZGM1-RCB-3
156 ZGM1-RCB-3
157 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
158 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
159 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
160 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
161 ZGM1-RCB-3
162 ZGM1(C2)
163 ZGM1-RCB-3
164 ZGM1-RCB-3
165 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
166 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
167 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
168 ZGM1-RCB-3
169 ZGM1(C2)
170 ZGM1-RCB-3
171 ZGM1-RCB-3
172 Oral, Dental and Craniofacial Sciences Study Section[ODCS]
173 Oral, Dental and Craniofacial Sciences Study Section[ODCS]
174 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1-IDM-B(80)S]
175 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 IDM-B (80)]
176 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
177 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
178 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
179 ZGM1-RCB-3
180 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
181 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
182 ZGM1-RCB-3
183 ZGM1-RCB-3
184 ZGM1-RCB-3
185 ZGM1-RCB-3
186 ZGM1-RCB-3
187 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
188 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
189 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
190 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
191 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
192 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
193 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
194 ZGM1-RCB-3
195 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
196 ZGM1-RCB-3
197 ZGM1(C2)
198 ZGM1-RCB-3
199 ZGM1
200 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
201 ZGM1-RCB-3
202 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
203 ZGM1-RCB-3
204 ZGM1-RCB-3
205 ZGM1(C2)
206 ZGM1-RCB-3
207 ZGM1(C2)
208 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-A (C1)]
209 ZGM1-RCB-3
210 ZGM1-RCB-3
211 ZGM1-RCB-3
212 ZGM1-RCB-3
213 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
214 ZGM1-RCB-3
215 ZGM1-RCB-3(C2)
216 ZGM1-RCB-3
217 ZGM1-RCB-3
218 ZGM1(C2)
219 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-P (30)]
220 Earmark[ZOA1-MHS-A(A1)S]
221 Earmark[ZOA1-MHS-A(A1)S]
222 Synthetic and Biological Chemistry A Study Section[SBCA]
223 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-R (86)]
224 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-A (96)]
225 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 MDCN-R (86)]
226 ZRR1-RI-B(01)
227 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
228 ZRR1-RI-B(01)
229 ZRR1-RI-B(01)
230 ZRR1-RI-B(01)
231 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-T (81)]
232 Nanotechnology Study Section[NANO]
233 Nanotechnology Study Section[NANO]
234 Nanotechnology Study Section[NANO]
235 Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section[BDPE]
236 Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section[BDPE]
237 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
238 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
239 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
240 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
241 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
242 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
243 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
244 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
245 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
246 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
247 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
248 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
249 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
250 Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section[GVE]
251 Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
252 Virology - B Study Section[VIRB]
253 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
254 ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
255 ZRR1-RI-4(01)
256 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
257 ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
258 ZGM1-RCB-2
259 ZGM1-RCB-2
260 ZGM1(IN)
261 ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
262 ZGM1
263
264 ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
265 ZGM1-RCB-2
266 ZGM1(IN)
267 ZGM1(IN)
268 ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
269 ZGM1-RCB-2
270 ZGM1-RCB-2
271 ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
272 ZGM1-RCB-2
273 ZGM1-RCB-2
274
275 ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
276 ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
277 ZGM1-RCB-2
278 ZGM1(IN)
279 ZGM1-RCB-2
280 ZGM1-RCB-2
281 ZGM1-RCB-2(IN)
282 ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
283 ZGM1-TWD-3(IN)
284 ZGM1(IN)
285 ZGM1(IN)
286 <NA>
287 Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section[BDPE]
288 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
289 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
290 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
291 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRG1 CB-F (02)]
292 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
293 Development - 1 Study Section[DEV1]
294 ZRR1-RI-B
295 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
296 ZRR1-RI-B
297 ZRR1-RI-B
298 ZGM1-TWD-3
299 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
300 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
301 ZGM1-TWD-3
302 ZGM1-TWD-A
303 ZGM1-TWD-3
304 ZGM1-TWD-A
305 ZGM1-TWD-A
306 ZGM1-TWD-A
307 ZGM1-TWD-A
308 ZGM1-TWD-A
309 ZGM1-TWD-A
310 ZGM1-TWD-A
311 ZGM1-TWD-A
312 ZRR1-RI-B
313 ZRR1-RI-B
314 ZGM1-TWD-A
315 ZGM1-TWD-A
316 ZRR1-RI-B
317 ZRR1-RI-B
318 ZGM1-TWD-A
319 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
320 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
321 ZGM1-TWD-3
322 ZGM1-TWD-A
323 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
324 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
325 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
326 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
327 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
328 ZGM1-TWD-A
329 ZGM1-TWD-A
330 ZGM1-TWD-A
331 ZGM1-TWD-A
332 ZGM1-TWD-A
333 ZGM1-TWD-A
334 ZGM1-TWD-A
335 ZRR1-RI-B
336 ZGM1-TWD-A
337 ZGM1-TWD-3
338 ZGM1-TWD-A
339 ZGM1-TWD-A
340 ZGM1-TWD-A(C1)
341 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
342 ZRR1-RI-B
343 ZGM1-TWD-3
344 ZGM1-TWD-3
345 ZGM1-TWD-A
346 ZGM1-RCB-2
347 ZGM1-TWD-A
348 ZGM1-TWD-A
349 ZGM1-TWD-A
350 ZGM1-TWD-A
351 ZGM1-TWD-A
352 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-2 (IN)]
353 ZGM1-RCB-2
354 ZGM1-RCB-2
355 ZGM1-TWD-A
356 ZGM1-TWD-A
357 ZGM1-TWD-3
358 ZGM1-TWD-A
359 ZGM1-TWD-A
360 ZGM1-TWD-A
361 ZGM1-TWD-A
362 ZGM1-TWD-A
363 ZGM1-TWD-A
364 ZGM1-TWD-A
365 ZGM1-TWD-A
366 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
367 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
368 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 TWD-3 (IN)]
369 ZRR1-RI-B
370 ZGM1-TWD-3
371 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
372 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
373 ZGM1-TWD-3
374 ZGM1-TWD-3
375 ZGM1-TWD-3
376 ZGM1-TWD-A
377 ZGM1-TWD-A
378 ZRR1-RI-B
379 ZGM1-TWD-3
380 ZGM1-TWD-3
381 Special Emphasis Panel[ZRR1 RI-B (01)]
382 ZGM1-TWD-A
383 ZGM1-TWD-A
384 ZGM1-TWD-3
385 ZGM1-TWD-3
386 ZGM1-TWD-A
387 ZGM1-TWD-A
388 ZGM1-TWD-A
389 ZGM1-TWD-A
390 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
391 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
392 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
393 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
394 Special Emphasis Panel[ZGM1 RCB-3 (C2)]
395 ZGM1-TWD-A
396 ZRR1-RI-B